id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
2346,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Wood charcoal mixed with pitch and used for sealing canoe seams.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2403,169,Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Wood charcoal mixed with pitch and used for sealing canoe seams.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2430,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Wood charcoal mixed with pitch and used for sealing canoe seams.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
7630,658,Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,53,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Leaves mixed with mud and used to chink log cabins and as mortar in making chimneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
8221,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Dried plant skeletons and sea lion oil used as a caulking compound.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
9731,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,140,Mewuk,109,m66,336,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Made into a white mucilaginous paste and used to coat baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 336"
25275,2724,Pachycereus pringlei (S. Wats.) Britt. & Rose,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Dried plant skeletons and sea lion oil used as a caulking compound.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
26906,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used as a sealant for birch bark canoes.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
26954,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,118,Koyukon,158,n83,50,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used to caulk boat seams.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50"
27066,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used to seal seams on a birch bark canoe.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27123,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Boiled resin and tallow used to make pitch for caulking canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
27138,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Gum used to make pitch.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
27235,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used to fill cracks and knot holes in canoes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27254,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,209,Quileute,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used for caulking canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27262,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,210,Quinault,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used for caulking canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27368,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,130,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Gum used to caulk canoes.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 130"
27550,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Melted gum used to plug a leaky canteen or other containers.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27810,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Melted gum used to plug a leaky canteen or other containers.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
28099,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,"Resin boiled twice, added to tallow and used for caulking canoes.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28254,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch from boiled cones and resin used for caulking and waterproofing.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28262,2977,Pinus strobus L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,122,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch rendered from the bark or cone and used to caulk boats and canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122"
31194,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used to patch canoes or water vessels.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
31216,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used for caulking canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
32578,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,228,Seminole,88,s54,493,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Plant used to make mortar.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 493"
37957,3667,Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq.,228,Seminole,88,s54,494,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Plant used to make mortar.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 494"
38697,3783,Sphagnum sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Used to chink log houses.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
38887,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Dried plant skeletons and sea lion oil used as a caulking compound.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
39880,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,83,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Bark pieces packed into joints during construction.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 83"
41262,4049,Typha latifolia L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,77,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Root used as a natural oakum for caulking leaks in boats.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77"
41266,4049,Typha latifolia L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Root used as a natural oakum to caulk canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"