id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
16368,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,61,Dakota,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16378,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16382,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16385,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,205,Ponca,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16387,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,280,Winnebago,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16475,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction taken as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
16568,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,82,Gros Ventre,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16587,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,135,Mandan,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16627,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,212,Ree,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16718,1840,Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra (Dunal) Fern.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of dried root or chewed fresh root spit on limbs as stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
16959,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,107,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant tops used in smoke treatment for fainting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
17438,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,31,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plants used as a tonic stimulant.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31"
17442,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"26, 76",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plant taken as a tonic and stimulant.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 76"
17491,1926,Hydrangea arborescens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Inner bark and leaves used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
17506,1928,Hydrastis canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Used for cancer, general debility, dyspepsy and to improve appetite.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
17519,1928,Hydrastis canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,324,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots with whisky taken for run down system.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 324"
17592,1949,Hymenoxys bigelovii (Gray) Parker,95,Hopi,82,c74,328,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 328"
17871,1990,Ipomoea leptophylla Torr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root used to revive 'one who had fainted.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
18698,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Wet twigs or pulverized needles used as stimulant in postpartum fainting.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
19170,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,234,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves taken for weakness and as a convalescent medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 234"
19227,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,229,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for hog sickness: unconsciousness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 229"
19298,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,10,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant tied to Sun Dancers head to prevent him from getting tired.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 10"
19378,2084,Lactuca canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
19503,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,7,h77,268,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Fermented compound decoction taken when one is tired from complaint.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268"
19517,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Bark used for physical weakness.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58"
19733,2116,Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
19898,2131,Leonurus cardiaca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken as a stimulant for fainting.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
20005,2156,Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion rubbed on for 'languor.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
20168,2171,Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
20483,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used for 'women with hysterics and weakness.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
20491,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,25,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Raw, green bark chewed as a stimulant.","Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
20568,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,185,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Chewed plant spit and blown into face and rubbed over the heart by the doctor for sleepiness.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185"
20569,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,15,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Chewed plant spit and blown onto face to keep a very sleepy person awake.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 15"
20570,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,"40, 41",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Plant chewed, then spit and blown in face or rubbed on chest as a stimulant.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 40, 41"
20815,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used to make a drink taken as a tonic for 'people in a weakened condition.',"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
21162,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,63,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of stems taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
21495,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound containing plant used for weakness and fever.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
21505,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Dried leaves used as a reviver.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
21627,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used in a sweatbath for general weakness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21722,2347,Machaeranthera canescens ssp. glabra var. aristata (Eastw.) B.L. Turner,95,Hopi,37,w39,"31, 94",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of plant taken as a strong stimulant.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 31, 94"
21732,2352,Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees,95,Hopi,37,w39,"31, 94",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of plant taken as a strong stimulant.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 31, 94"
22102,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,230231,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudge used to 'smoke patient for five minutes' and revive him.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 230231"
22113,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a reviver.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
22124,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,63,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root smudged on coals and used to revive comatose patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 63"
22148,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"32, 80",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound containing root taken to 'stimulate the stomach.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 32, 80"
22318,2396,Malva moschata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,385,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plant taken for lassitude.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 385"
22571,2437,Melissa officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
22581,2439,Menispermum canadense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken by 'weakly females.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
22618,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,27,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of ground leaves and stems taken to stimulate vital organs.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 27"
22700,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Cold infusion given to counteract effects of being struck by a whirlwind.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
22814,2445,Mentha spicata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"48, 49",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48, 49"
22849,2442,Mentha ?piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica ? spicata],32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"48, 49",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48, 49"
23021,2482,Mirabilis alipes (S. Wats.) Pilz,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"86, 87",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken or used as a wash for fainting spells and dizziness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 86, 87"
23241,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,50,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of leaves used for fainting.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 50"
23310,2508,Monarda punctata L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,225226,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound applied at nostrils of patient to rally him when at point of death.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225226"
23344,2509,Monarda sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,426,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plants taken for general lassitude.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 426"
23445,2525,Morella cerifera (L.) Small,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Berries, bark and leaves used as an exhilarant and beverage.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58"
23494,2532,Morus rubra L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,659,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of root taken for weakness.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 659"
23586,2561,Myriophyllum verticillatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,391,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of plant given to children when they lie very quiet and never move.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 391"
23643,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of leaf used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
23672,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,55,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plant used as a bath for tiredness.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
23901,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fatigue.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
24277,2614,Oenothera biennis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,390,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound used for laziness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 390"
24941,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,40,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root chewed to 'bring one around.',"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 40"
24981,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,107,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken for weakness and general debility.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
25378,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,396,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for laziness and as a stimulant.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 396"
25435,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Cold, compound infusion of beaten roots given for fainting.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
25484,2744,Papaver somniferum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"50, 51",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Small doses given as a stimulant and larger dose produced sleep and used for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50, 51"
25512,2750,Parnassia fimbriata Koenig,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,176,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of powdered leaves given to babies when dull.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176"
26153,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,257,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Decoction of leaves taken for dead people's sickness. The symptoms of this disease are numb and painful legs, neck, shoulders and perhaps the backbone.  The sufferer is sleepy during the day, has 'short breath,' and loses appetite.  Fever and headaches also accompany this illness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 257"
26154,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,229,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for hog sickness: unconsciousness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 229"
26256,2852,Phacelia californica Cham.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,48,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots taken when weak and not feeling good.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48"
26472,2886,Phlox multiflora A. Nels.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,184,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of pulverized leaves and flowers used as a wash and taken as a stimulant for body numbness.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 184"
26728,2921,Physalis virginiana P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247248,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of whole plant taken for dizziness.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247248"
26816,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,32,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Roasted, crushed roots used with sarsaparilla and mountain grape barks as a stimulant.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 32"
26821,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"27, 78",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound containing root used as a stimulant.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 27, 78"
27120,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a reviver and bark used as a medicinal salt.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
27299,2939,Picea sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,21,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used to make an arrow and shot over the person to revive them from fainting.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21"
27340,2944,Piloblephis rigida (Bartr. ex Benth.) Raf.,228,Seminole,88,s54,229,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of whole plant minus the roots used as a bath for hog sickness: unconsciousness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 229"
27375,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a reviver.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
27376,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
27381,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,70,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a fumigant to revive a comatose patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70"
27402,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of needle tips taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
27740,2962,Pinus glabra Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion of root taken as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28037,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used in the sweathouse to hit oneself at the hottest point.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28096,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Powdered, dried leaves used as a reviver or inhalant.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
28103,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,70,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a fumigant to revive a comatose patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70"
28251,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Dried leaves used as a reviver or inhalant.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
28288,2979,Pinus virginiana P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion of root taken as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28310,2980,Piper methysticum G. Forst.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,17,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Buds chewed by children for general debility.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 17"
28314,2981,Piper nigrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulus.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
28789,3046,Polygala senega L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of root taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
28790,3046,Polygala senega L.,38,Chippewa,175,d13,"63, 64",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion or decoction of root taken or used externally as stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1913, Chippewa Music-II, SI-BAE Bulletin #53, page 63, 64"
28827,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,138,Menominee,51,s23,41,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudge of compound containing dried root used to revive unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 41"
28828,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,230,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root heated on coals and fumes inhaled by unconscious patient to revive him.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 230"
29089,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,257,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of plant given to children (sometimes mother too) for listlessness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 257"
29249,3096,Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Given to 'persons of phlegmatic habits.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
29505,3104,Populus nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Given to 'persons of phlegmatic habits.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
29829,3127,Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of whole plant taken as a stimulant.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
29831,3127,Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,494,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves or whole plant said to be slightly stimulant.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494"
29832,3127,Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of whole plant taken as a stimulant.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
29833,3127,Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,469,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Weak decoction of leaves taken as a stimulant.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469"
29871,3137,Prenanthes alba L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,478,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of smashed roots used as wash for weakness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 478"
29878,3139,Prenanthes aspera Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
30620,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,361,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of plants taken to vomit for sleepiness and weakness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 361"
31122,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,138,Menominee,51,s23,30,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaf smoke blown into nostrils to revive one who had fainted.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 30"
31125,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,214215,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudged and used to revive an unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 214215"
31474,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,60,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Fronds of plant used for weak babies and old people.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 60"
31601,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,34,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smashed root used symbolically by passing over the body to revive a person.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34"
31750,3235,Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.,116,Koasati,115,t40,55,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Cold infusion of leaves taken and used as a bath for laziness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
31758,3236,Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. & B.D. Jackson ex B.L. Robins. & Fern.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,226227,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound containing florets applied at nostrils to rally a dying patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 226227"
31795,3241,Pyrola elliptica Nutt.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken for 'weakness.',"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
32797,3328,Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots and bark taken when 'one feels tired and run down.',"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58"
33726,3396,Ribes sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of inner bark taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 58"
33938,3419,Rosa arkansana Porter,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of root taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
33939,3419,Rosa arkansana Porter,38,Chippewa,175,d13,"63, 64",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion or decoction of root taken or used externally as stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1913, Chippewa Music-II, SI-BAE Bulletin #53, page 63, 64"
34154,3432,Rosa sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,59,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of inner pulp taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
34186,3432,Rosa sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,81,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of bark and small stems applied to the scalp for fainting or dizzy sensations.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 81"
34288,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34351,3442,Rubus argutus Link,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34415,3448,Rubus flagellaris Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34485,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,355,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction taken by 'ladies who are run down from period sickness.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 355"
34486,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,355,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound used for laziness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 355"
34912,3469,Rubus sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of inner bark taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 58"
35051,3471,Rubus trivialis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
35301,3485,Rumex crispus L.,157,Navajo,141,h56,155,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 155"
35537,3502,Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers.,96,Houma,49,speck41,55,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of dried root taken for 'swimming in head.',"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 55"
35704,3522,Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35745,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,244,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Infusion of bark taken & used as a bath for menstruation sickness: lassitude, laziness & weakness. If a woman does not eat by herself during her menstrual period, the other inhabitants of her camp will get sick.  Both sexes are thus affected, but men are particularly vulnerable.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 244"
35746,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,232,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Plant used for lion sickness: panting, staring and tongue hanging out.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 232"
35782,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
36045,3546,Salix pyrifolia Anderss.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
36417,3559,Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan,95,Hopi,37,w39,91,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a medicine for an epileptic or faint person.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 91"
36455,3560,Salvia lyrata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken by persons of phlegmatic habits.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
36477,3562,Salvia officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken by persons of phlegmatic habits.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
37045,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Infusion of leaves taken for fainting, fits and as a blood medicine.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37269,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Raw buds chewed to 'increase vigor in males.',"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 26"
37673,3643,Senecio flaccidus var. flaccidus,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant placed on hot coals and smoke stimulated faint and sick person.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
37708,3650,Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion given for fainting spells.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
37719,3651,Senna marilandica (L.) Link,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion given for fainting spells.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
37735,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Gummy sap taken for rundown conditions.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
37738,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,97,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Gummy sap and water taken as medicine for rundown condition.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 97"
37998,3684,Silphium compositum Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a strong stimulant for whites and taken by weakly females.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
38069,3689,Sinapis alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
38451,3740,Solidago odora Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
38482,3746,Solidago speciosa var. rigidiuscula Torr. & Gray,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root and stalk taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
38492,3751,Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,218,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smoke of smudged plant directed up nostrils to revive unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 218"
38862,3821,Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Nees,228,Seminole,88,s54,229,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of whole plant used as a bath for hog sickness: unconsciousness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 229"
39160,3863,Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,212,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used to revive an unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 212"
39172,3868,Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,211212,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smoke forced into nostrils of unconscious patient to revive him.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 211212"
39188,3872,Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,212,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudged and used to revive an unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 212"
39189,3872,Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,50,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a fumigating reviver by the Prairie Potawatomi.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 50"
39191,3874,Symphyotrichum praealtum var. praealtum,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,212,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used to revive an unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 212"
39594,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound containing plant used for weakness and fever.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
39626,3911,Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction taken for 'lassitude.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
39677,3917,Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica (Greene) Parker,95,Hopi,37,w39,"31, 94",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used to make a stimulating drink.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 31, 94"
39678,3917,Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica (Greene) Parker,95,Hopi,82,c74,327,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 327"
39788,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,157,Navajo,74,e44,89,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of leaves and stems taken as a 'nervous stimulant.',"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89"
39879,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,270,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Fermented compound decoction taken when a 'person is tired.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 270"
39894,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,46,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudge of leaves used to revive 'lost consciousness.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46"
40352,3959,Tilia americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,384,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of shoots taken when feeling worn out.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384"
40575,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,173,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for general debility.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173"
40878,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,268,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Fermented compound decoction taken when a 'person is tired.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268"
41523,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,305,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction with black center of tree taken when feeling drowsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 305"
41638,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,349,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Nuts eaten as a stimulant.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349"
41705,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used to rub down after the morning bath.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
42094,4078,Vaccinium myrsinites Lam.,228,Seminole,88,s54,229,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of roots used as a bath for hog sickness: unconsciousness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 229"
42660,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,8,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots rubbed on 'leg scratches' for languor.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8"
42838,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"83, 84",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves smudged to revive unconscious person.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 83, 84"
42893,4114,Verbena urticifolia L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,251252,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root eaten to revive patient and restore him to health.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 251252"
42914,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,35,Chickasaw,138,c51,289,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
43006,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used by women for weakness.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
44137,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,164,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a delirifacient a drug which produces  delirium.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 164"