id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
102,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a reviver and used in compound as a wash.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
228,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Needle smudge smoke inhaled for fainting.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
249,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,5,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used to revive a dying person's spirit.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 5"
781,38,Achillea millefolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Dried chewed root spit onto limbs as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
840,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Cold infusion given and used as wash on unconscious person who had fallen.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
937,38,Achillea millefolium L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"47, 48",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Flowers smudged on live coals to revive comatose patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 47, 48"
1025,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,157,Navajo,74,e44,79,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used in a 'life medicine for impaired vitality.',"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 79"
1195,55,Acorus calamus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,'Possesses stimulant and stomachic virtues' and used for 'gravel.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
1231,55,Acorus calamus L.,55,"Cree, Alberta",94,s73,331,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root chewed for the stimulant effects.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331"
1408,59,Actaea pachypoda Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion given 'to relieve and rally a patient at point of death.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
1416,59,Actaea pachypoda Ell.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,237238,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used to revive and rally a patient at the point of death.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237238"
1431,60,Actaea racemosa var. racemosa,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Given for fatigue.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
1652,78,Aesculus pavia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of ground nut meat taken to prevent fainting.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
1875,98,Ageratina altissima var. altissima,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
1887,99,Ageratina altissima var. roanensis (Small) Clewell & Woot.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a 'warming stimulant and tonic.',"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
1891,99,Ageratina altissima var. roanensis (Small) Clewell & Woot.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,214,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudged and used to revive an unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 214"
2003,128,Alisma plantago-aquatica L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Stem base given to prevent fainting during childbirth.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"
2058,138,Allium canadense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
2222,157,Allium sativum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
2317,166,Allium vineale L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
2663,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,5,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Branches with leaves used for steambath switches and as a floor covering in the steambath.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
3271,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,362363,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Powdered flowers sprinkled on coals and smoke inhaled to revive stroke victim.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362363"
3302,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,177,Omaha,17,g19,"68, 69",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of blades of grass taken for 'general debility and languor.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68, 69"
3341,249,Anemone cylindrica Gray,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,238,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of root used for headache and dizzy spells.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238"
3364,254,Anemone virginiana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,238,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smoke of seed pod directed up nostril to revive sick and unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238"
3539,265,Angelica lucida L.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,376,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used to prepare sweatbath for general weakness.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 376"
3939,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,37,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of roots and leaves taken to counteract dizziness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 37"
4052,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,203,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of root 'gives strength to one who is weak.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 203"
4057,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of root taken for 'weakness.',"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
4068,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of leaves taken for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4079,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken for lassitude and general debility.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
4109,319,Aralia racemosa L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Berries and root used as a stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
4153,319,Aralia racemosa L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,"54, 55",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used for fatigue.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54, 55"
4280,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots used as a stimulant.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
4283,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"31, 74",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of root taken as a stimulant.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 31, 74"
4808,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
4828,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,276,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots used as a wash for listless babies.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276"
4887,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Used by 'persons of weak, phlegmatic habits' and for dizziness or fainting.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
5182,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves and roots used as a bath for tiredness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5234,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Crushed leaves used to revive gophers after children clubbed them while playing a game.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5256,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of root taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
5257,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,38,Chippewa,175,d13,"63, 64",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion or decoction of root taken or used externally as stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1913, Chippewa Music-II, SI-BAE Bulletin #53, page 63, 64"
5293,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,49,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves and flowers fumed on live coals to revive comatose patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 49"
5748,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Blossoms dipped in water and the blossomed branch used to comb the hair for fainting spells.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
5801,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Bruised leaves used as an inhalant to revive a patient.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
5925,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,96,Houma,49,speck41,61,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of roots taken to stimulate the kidneys and 'renew strength.',"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 61"
5935,418,Arundinaria gigantea ssp. tecta (Walt.) McClure,96,Houma,49,speck41,61,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of roots taken to stimulate the kidneys and 'renew strength.',"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 61"
5970,421,Asarum canadense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"35, 36",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as powerful stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35, 36"
6004,421,Asarum canadense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,311,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound used for laziness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 311"
6005,421,Asarum canadense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,310,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Decoction of roots taken for fevers, colds and as a stimulant.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 310"
6364,448,Asclepias verticillata L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
6400,452,Asplenium horridum Kaulfuss,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,14,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Scraped wood, other ingredients & water taken & used as wash for fainting spells & muscle stiffness.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 14"
6487,472,Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of root taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
6488,472,Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt.,38,Chippewa,175,d13,"63, 64",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion or decoction of root taken or used externally as stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1913, Chippewa Music-II, SI-BAE Bulletin #53, page 63, 64"
6624,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,102,Jemez,28,c30,20,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Leaves put unto a fire and smoke used to revive badly hurt, weak and faint person.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
6984,555,Baptisia sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,658,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root used as a wash and given to drowsy and lifeless children.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 658"
6985,555,Baptisia sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,30,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of roots used as a bath and given to drowsy and listless children.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30"
7105,576,Betula lenta L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,300,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction taken 'when a person tires.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 300"
7473,617,Brassica napus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
7487,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
7949,720,Cannabis sativa L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,306,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,'This plant will get you going.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 306"
7988,725,Capsicum annuum var. annuum,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a powerful stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
8547,800,Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,53,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of plant taken as a stimulant .,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 53"
9018,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Mild decoction of entire plant taken as a tonic for the stomach and lassitude.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
9037,854,Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom,95,Hopi,37,w39,31,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a stimulant.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 31"
9062,857,Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion given for fainting spells.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
9066,858,Chamaecrista nictitans ssp. nictitans var. nictitans,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion given for fainting spells.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
9457,895,Chenopodium ambrosioides L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,241,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of whole plant taken for worm sickness: pale skin and laziness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 241"
9680,916,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica (Blake) Hult‚n,100,Iroquois,7,h77,407,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plants taken by feverish and drowsy pregnant women.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 407"
10467,1046,Collinsonia canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,429,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of smashed roots given to children for listlessness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 429"
10536,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Berries, bark and leaves used as an 'exhilarant' and beverage.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
10565,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used in steambath for general weakness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
10763,1088,Cornus alternifolia L. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root bark used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
10881,1093,Cornus florida L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root bark used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
10943,1098,Cornus racemosa Lam.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,"218, 219",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudged bark used to revive an unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 218, 219"
11014,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,62,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of bark taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
11168,1107,Corydalis aurea Willd.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,370,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root smoke inhaled to clear the head and revive the patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 370"
11331,1121,Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,241,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of root bark used in cases of 'general debility.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 241"
11536,1149,Cryptantha crassisepala (Torr. & Gray) Greene,291,Zuni,6,s15,45,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Hot infusion of pulverized plant applied to limbs for fatigue.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
11766,1168,Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
11943,1208,Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,289,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Root decoction or infusion taken for nervousness, tiredness and lack of energy.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 289"
12039,1231,Daphne mezereum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
12177,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,95,Hopi,37,w39,"31, 89",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant rarely used as a stimulant as it was sometimes fatal.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 31, 89"
12281,1247,Delphinium bicolor Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plant given to children with fainting spells.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
12429,1282,Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.,96,Houma,49,speck41,63,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of root in whiskey taken for weakness or cramps.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 63"
13318,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of stems taken for sluggishness due to a cold.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13389,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of stems taken for sluggishness due to a cold.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13445,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of stems taken for sluggishness due to a cold.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13766,1479,Erigeron peregrinus ssp. callianthemus (Greene) Cronq.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,187,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Infusion of dried, pulverized roots, stems and flowers used as a steambath or taken for drowsiness.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 187"
13767,1479,Erigeron peregrinus ssp. callianthemus (Greene) Cronq.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,187,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Infusion of roots, stems and flowers used as steambath when dizzy and drowsy.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 187"
14238,1550,Eryngium aquaticum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a powerful stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
14298,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,257,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Decoction of plant taken for dead people's sickness. The symptoms of this disease are numb and painful legs, neck, shoulders and perhaps the backbone.  The sufferer is sleepy during the day, has 'short breath,' and loses appetite.  Fever and headaches also accompany this illness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 257"
14335,1560,Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion given for fainting.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
14482,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
15264,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,128,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of inner bark taken for fatigue.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 128"
15318,1661,Fraxinus sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of inner bark taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
15456,1679,Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,306,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Cold infusion of roots taken for baby's sickness: vomiting, diarrhea and grogginess.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 306"
15758,1713,Gentiana affinis Griseb.,157,Navajo,74,e44,69,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 69"
15780,1719,Gentianella quinquefolia ssp. quinquefolia,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
15959,1739,Geum triflorum var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Dried root chewed as strong stimulant before feats of endurance.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
16368,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,61,Dakota,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16378,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16382,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16385,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,205,Ponca,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16387,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,280,Winnebago,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16475,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction taken as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
16568,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,82,Gros Ventre,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16587,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,135,Mandan,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16627,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,212,Ree,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16718,1840,Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra (Dunal) Fern.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of dried root or chewed fresh root spit on limbs as stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
16959,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,107,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant tops used in smoke treatment for fainting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
17438,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,31,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plants used as a tonic stimulant.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31"
17442,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"26, 76",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plant taken as a tonic and stimulant.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 76"
17491,1926,Hydrangea arborescens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Inner bark and leaves used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
17506,1928,Hydrastis canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Used for cancer, general debility, dyspepsy and to improve appetite.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
17519,1928,Hydrastis canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,324,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots with whisky taken for run down system.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 324"
17592,1949,Hymenoxys bigelovii (Gray) Parker,95,Hopi,82,c74,328,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 328"
17871,1990,Ipomoea leptophylla Torr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root used to revive 'one who had fainted.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
18698,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Wet twigs or pulverized needles used as stimulant in postpartum fainting.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
19170,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,234,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves taken for weakness and as a convalescent medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 234"
19227,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,229,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for hog sickness: unconsciousness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 229"
19298,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,10,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant tied to Sun Dancers head to prevent him from getting tired.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 10"
19378,2084,Lactuca canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
19503,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,7,h77,268,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Fermented compound decoction taken when one is tired from complaint.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268"
19517,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Bark used for physical weakness.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58"
19733,2116,Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
19898,2131,Leonurus cardiaca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken as a stimulant for fainting.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
20005,2156,Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion rubbed on for 'languor.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
20168,2171,Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
20483,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used for 'women with hysterics and weakness.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
20491,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,25,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Raw, green bark chewed as a stimulant.","Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
20568,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,185,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Chewed plant spit and blown into face and rubbed over the heart by the doctor for sleepiness.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185"
20569,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,15,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Chewed plant spit and blown onto face to keep a very sleepy person awake.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 15"
20570,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,"40, 41",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Plant chewed, then spit and blown in face or rubbed on chest as a stimulant.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 40, 41"
20815,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used to make a drink taken as a tonic for 'people in a weakened condition.',"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
21162,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,63,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of stems taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
21495,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound containing plant used for weakness and fever.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
21505,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Dried leaves used as a reviver.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
21627,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used in a sweatbath for general weakness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21722,2347,Machaeranthera canescens ssp. glabra var. aristata (Eastw.) B.L. Turner,95,Hopi,37,w39,"31, 94",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of plant taken as a strong stimulant.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 31, 94"
21732,2352,Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees,95,Hopi,37,w39,"31, 94",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of plant taken as a strong stimulant.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 31, 94"
22102,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,230231,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudge used to 'smoke patient for five minutes' and revive him.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 230231"
22113,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a reviver.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
22124,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,63,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root smudged on coals and used to revive comatose patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 63"
22148,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"32, 80",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound containing root taken to 'stimulate the stomach.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 32, 80"
22318,2396,Malva moschata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,385,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plant taken for lassitude.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 385"
22571,2437,Melissa officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
22581,2439,Menispermum canadense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken by 'weakly females.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
22618,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,27,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of ground leaves and stems taken to stimulate vital organs.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 27"
22700,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Cold infusion given to counteract effects of being struck by a whirlwind.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
22814,2445,Mentha spicata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"48, 49",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48, 49"
22849,2442,Mentha ?piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica ? spicata],32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"48, 49",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48, 49"
23021,2482,Mirabilis alipes (S. Wats.) Pilz,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"86, 87",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken or used as a wash for fainting spells and dizziness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 86, 87"
23241,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,50,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of leaves used for fainting.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 50"
23310,2508,Monarda punctata L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,225226,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound applied at nostrils of patient to rally him when at point of death.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225226"
23344,2509,Monarda sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,426,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plants taken for general lassitude.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 426"
23445,2525,Morella cerifera (L.) Small,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Berries, bark and leaves used as an exhilarant and beverage.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58"
23494,2532,Morus rubra L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,659,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of root taken for weakness.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 659"
23586,2561,Myriophyllum verticillatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,391,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of plant given to children when they lie very quiet and never move.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 391"
23643,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of leaf used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
23672,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,55,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plant used as a bath for tiredness.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
23901,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fatigue.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
24277,2614,Oenothera biennis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,390,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound used for laziness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 390"
24941,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,40,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root chewed to 'bring one around.',"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 40"
24981,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,107,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken for weakness and general debility.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
25378,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,396,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for laziness and as a stimulant.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 396"
25435,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Cold, compound infusion of beaten roots given for fainting.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
25484,2744,Papaver somniferum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"50, 51",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Small doses given as a stimulant and larger dose produced sleep and used for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50, 51"
25512,2750,Parnassia fimbriata Koenig,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,176,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of powdered leaves given to babies when dull.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176"
26153,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,257,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Decoction of leaves taken for dead people's sickness. The symptoms of this disease are numb and painful legs, neck, shoulders and perhaps the backbone.  The sufferer is sleepy during the day, has 'short breath,' and loses appetite.  Fever and headaches also accompany this illness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 257"
26154,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,229,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for hog sickness: unconsciousness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 229"
26256,2852,Phacelia californica Cham.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,48,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots taken when weak and not feeling good.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48"
26472,2886,Phlox multiflora A. Nels.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,184,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of pulverized leaves and flowers used as a wash and taken as a stimulant for body numbness.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 184"
26728,2921,Physalis virginiana P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247248,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of whole plant taken for dizziness.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247248"
26816,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,32,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Roasted, crushed roots used with sarsaparilla and mountain grape barks as a stimulant.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 32"
26821,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"27, 78",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound containing root used as a stimulant.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 27, 78"
27120,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a reviver and bark used as a medicinal salt.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
27299,2939,Picea sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,21,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used to make an arrow and shot over the person to revive them from fainting.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21"
27340,2944,Piloblephis rigida (Bartr. ex Benth.) Raf.,228,Seminole,88,s54,229,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of whole plant minus the roots used as a bath for hog sickness: unconsciousness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 229"
27375,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a reviver.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
27376,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
27381,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,70,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a fumigant to revive a comatose patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70"
27402,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of needle tips taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
27740,2962,Pinus glabra Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion of root taken as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28037,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used in the sweathouse to hit oneself at the hottest point.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28096,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Powdered, dried leaves used as a reviver or inhalant.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
28103,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,70,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a fumigant to revive a comatose patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70"
28251,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Dried leaves used as a reviver or inhalant.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
28288,2979,Pinus virginiana P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion of root taken as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28310,2980,Piper methysticum G. Forst.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,17,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Buds chewed by children for general debility.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 17"
28314,2981,Piper nigrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulus.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
28789,3046,Polygala senega L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of root taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
28790,3046,Polygala senega L.,38,Chippewa,175,d13,"63, 64",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion or decoction of root taken or used externally as stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1913, Chippewa Music-II, SI-BAE Bulletin #53, page 63, 64"
28827,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,138,Menominee,51,s23,41,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudge of compound containing dried root used to revive unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 41"
28828,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,230,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root heated on coals and fumes inhaled by unconscious patient to revive him.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 230"
29089,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,257,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of plant given to children (sometimes mother too) for listlessness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 257"
29249,3096,Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Given to 'persons of phlegmatic habits.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
29505,3104,Populus nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Given to 'persons of phlegmatic habits.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
29829,3127,Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of whole plant taken as a stimulant.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
29831,3127,Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,494,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves or whole plant said to be slightly stimulant.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494"
29832,3127,Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of whole plant taken as a stimulant.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
29833,3127,Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,469,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Weak decoction of leaves taken as a stimulant.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469"
29871,3137,Prenanthes alba L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,478,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of smashed roots used as wash for weakness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 478"
29878,3139,Prenanthes aspera Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
30620,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,361,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of plants taken to vomit for sleepiness and weakness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 361"
31122,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,138,Menominee,51,s23,30,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaf smoke blown into nostrils to revive one who had fainted.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 30"
31125,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,214215,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudged and used to revive an unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 214215"
31474,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,60,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Fronds of plant used for weak babies and old people.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 60"
31601,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,34,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smashed root used symbolically by passing over the body to revive a person.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34"
31750,3235,Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.,116,Koasati,115,t40,55,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Cold infusion of leaves taken and used as a bath for laziness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
31758,3236,Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. & B.D. Jackson ex B.L. Robins. & Fern.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,226227,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound containing florets applied at nostrils to rally a dying patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 226227"
31795,3241,Pyrola elliptica Nutt.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken for 'weakness.',"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
32797,3328,Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots and bark taken when 'one feels tired and run down.',"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58"
33726,3396,Ribes sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of inner bark taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 58"
33938,3419,Rosa arkansana Porter,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of root taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
33939,3419,Rosa arkansana Porter,38,Chippewa,175,d13,"63, 64",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion or decoction of root taken or used externally as stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1913, Chippewa Music-II, SI-BAE Bulletin #53, page 63, 64"
34154,3432,Rosa sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,59,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of inner pulp taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
34186,3432,Rosa sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,81,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of bark and small stems applied to the scalp for fainting or dizzy sensations.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 81"
34288,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34351,3442,Rubus argutus Link,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34415,3448,Rubus flagellaris Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34485,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,355,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction taken by 'ladies who are run down from period sickness.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 355"
34486,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,355,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound used for laziness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 355"
34912,3469,Rubus sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction of inner bark taken for constitutional weakness.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 58"
35051,3471,Rubus trivialis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
35301,3485,Rumex crispus L.,157,Navajo,141,h56,155,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 155"
35537,3502,Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers.,96,Houma,49,speck41,55,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of dried root taken for 'swimming in head.',"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 55"
35704,3522,Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35745,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,244,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Infusion of bark taken & used as a bath for menstruation sickness: lassitude, laziness & weakness. If a woman does not eat by herself during her menstrual period, the other inhabitants of her camp will get sick.  Both sexes are thus affected, but men are particularly vulnerable.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 244"
35746,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,232,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Plant used for lion sickness: panting, staring and tongue hanging out.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 232"
35782,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
36045,3546,Salix pyrifolia Anderss.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
36417,3559,Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan,95,Hopi,37,w39,91,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a medicine for an epileptic or faint person.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 91"
36455,3560,Salvia lyrata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken by persons of phlegmatic habits.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
36477,3562,Salvia officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken by persons of phlegmatic habits.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
37045,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Infusion of leaves taken for fainting, fits and as a blood medicine.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37269,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,26,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Raw buds chewed to 'increase vigor in males.',"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 26"
37673,3643,Senecio flaccidus var. flaccidus,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant placed on hot coals and smoke stimulated faint and sick person.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
37708,3650,Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion given for fainting spells.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
37719,3651,Senna marilandica (L.) Link,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound infusion given for fainting spells.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
37735,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Gummy sap taken for rundown conditions.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
37738,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,97,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Gummy sap and water taken as medicine for rundown condition.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 97"
37998,3684,Silphium compositum Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a strong stimulant for whites and taken by weakly females.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
38069,3689,Sinapis alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Taken as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
38451,3740,Solidago odora Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
38482,3746,Solidago speciosa var. rigidiuscula Torr. & Gray,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root and stalk taken as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
38492,3751,Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,218,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smoke of smudged plant directed up nostrils to revive unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 218"
38862,3821,Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Nees,228,Seminole,88,s54,229,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of whole plant used as a bath for hog sickness: unconsciousness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 229"
39160,3863,Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,212,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used to revive an unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 212"
39172,3868,Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,211212,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smoke forced into nostrils of unconscious patient to revive him.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 211212"
39188,3872,Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,212,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudged and used to revive an unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 212"
39189,3872,Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,50,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a fumigating reviver by the Prairie Potawatomi.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 50"
39191,3874,Symphyotrichum praealtum var. praealtum,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,212,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used to revive an unconscious patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 212"
39594,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound containing plant used for weakness and fever.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
39626,3911,Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction taken for 'lassitude.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
39677,3917,Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica (Greene) Parker,95,Hopi,37,w39,"31, 94",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used to make a stimulating drink.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 31, 94"
39678,3917,Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica (Greene) Parker,95,Hopi,82,c74,327,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a stimulant.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 327"
39788,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,157,Navajo,74,e44,89,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of leaves and stems taken as a 'nervous stimulant.',"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89"
39879,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,270,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Fermented compound decoction taken when a 'person is tired.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 270"
39894,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,46,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Smudge of leaves used to revive 'lost consciousness.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46"
40352,3959,Tilia americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,384,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of shoots taken when feeling worn out.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384"
40575,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,173,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for general debility.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173"
40878,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,268,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Fermented compound decoction taken when a 'person is tired.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268"
41523,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,305,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Compound decoction with black center of tree taken when feeling drowsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 305"
41638,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,349,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Nuts eaten as a stimulant.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349"
41705,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used to rub down after the morning bath.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
42094,4078,Vaccinium myrsinites Lam.,228,Seminole,88,s54,229,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of roots used as a bath for hog sickness: unconsciousness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 229"
42660,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,8,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots rubbed on 'leg scratches' for languor.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8"
42838,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"83, 84",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves smudged to revive unconscious person.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 83, 84"
42893,4114,Verbena urticifolia L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,251252,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root eaten to revive patient and restore him to health.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 251252"
42914,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,35,Chickasaw,138,c51,289,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
43006,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used by women for weakness.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
44137,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,164,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a delirifacient a drug which produces  delirium.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 164"