id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
205,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,509,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Branches thought to be of help to young girl under 'magical spell.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509"
250,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,5,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Burning needle smoke and aroma used to chase away bad influences (illness).,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 5"
938,38,Achillea millefolium L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"47, 48",2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Flowers smudged on live coals to repel evil spirits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 47, 48"
1159,49,Aconitum columbianum Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,117,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Used for witchcraft.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
1210,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,42,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Bit of root tied to clothes to keep night spirits away from children.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 42"
1211,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,7,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to ward off ghosts.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 7"
1212,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,171,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Root tied to child's dress or blanket to keep away the night spirits.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171"
1301,55,Acorus calamus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,278,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Used for the detection of bewitchment.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 278"
1707,86,Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to protect from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
1885,98,Ageratina altissima var. altissima,100,Iroquois,7,h77,458,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction of stems used as a witchcraft medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 458"
1903,102,Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
2410,169,Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen,100,Iroquois,7,h77,301,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction used to paint a trap or bow and arrow as a charm to get game.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 301"
2803,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,316,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction and doll used to 'make a person break out like cancer.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 316"
3275,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,49,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Flowers smoked in a pipe or smudged on coals to repel evil spirits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 49"
3322,245,Androsace septentrionalis L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,38,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as a lotion to give protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38"
3324,246,Androsace septentrionalis ssp. subulifera (Gray) G.T. Robbins,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,35,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for bewitchment and pain from witches' arrows.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 35"
3329,248,Anemone canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,328,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound infusion of plants and liquor used to counteract witch medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 328"
3359,254,Anemone virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,327,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound infusion of smashed plants taken as an emetic to remove bewitchment.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 327"
3360,254,Anemone virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,328,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Root used as revenge to 'kill man who played a trick on man's son.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 328"
3361,254,Anemone virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,327,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Roots placed under the pillow to dream the truth about wife's crookedness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 327"
3444,259,Angelica atropurpurea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,401,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to punish evil persons.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 401"
3612,277,Antennaria parvifolia Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of root taken for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
3627,280,Antennaria rosulata Rydb.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of root taken for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
3896,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound used to detect bewitchment.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
4327,329,Arctium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,474,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant or roots used several ways for magical illnesses or sorcery.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 474"
4833,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,138,Menominee,176,d32,129,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compounded pulverized root used in lip incision to counteract 'witchery' to face.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 129"
5072,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves rubbed on body to keep ghosts away.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
5073,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves rubbed on corpse handlers to ward off ghosts of the deceased.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
5074,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant worn on a necklace to prevent dreaming of the dead.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
5075,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Poisoned leaves carried to avoid personal injury.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
5183,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to keep away sickness and germs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5517,404,Artemisia sp.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5549,404,Artemisia sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5555,404,Artemisia sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5560,404,Artemisia sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5568,404,Artemisia sp.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5788,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to fumigate the house and keep germs off.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5844,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves rubbed on body to keep ghosts away.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
5845,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves rubbed on corpse handlers to ward off ghosts of the deceased.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
5846,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant worn on a necklace to prevent dreaming of the dead.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
5847,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Poisoned leaves carried to avoid personal injury.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
6014,421,Asarum canadense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,309,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction or infusion used internally or externally before visiting the sick.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 309"
6015,421,Asarum canadense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,308,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used several ways to detect or protect people from witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 308"
6137,434,Asclepias incarnata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,418,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction of plant used to increase one's strength to be able to physically punish a witch.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 418"
7070,572,Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,43,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Lotion from plant applied to body for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43"
7937,713,Campanula rotundifolia L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant rubbed on body for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
8046,731,Cardamine douglassii Britt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,340,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of smashed roots used to divine the perpetrator of witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 340"
8512,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used in a drink and lotion as protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
9295,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,100,Iroquois,7,h77,389,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound decoction of plants and a doll used for black magic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 389"
9364,892,Chelone glabra L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,434,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of smashed roots taken as an anti-witchcraft medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 434"
10205,1017,Clematis hirsutissima Pursh,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,27,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of plant or root taken and used as a lotion to protect from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27"
10232,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,27,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of plant or root taken and used as a lotion to protect against witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27"
10687,1073,Corallorrhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,290,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of pounded roots used as an anti-witch medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 290"
11062,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,100,Iroquois,7,h77,405,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound of plant and dried snake's blood used as a 'witching medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 405"
11420,1129,Crataegus punctata Jacq.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,351,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction taken to prevent 'breaking out like cancer' caused by witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 351"
11448,1133,Crataegus submollis Sarg.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,351,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction and doll used to 'make a person break out like cancer.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 351"
12214,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,42,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Plant used by witches, but cannot harm one who knows how to use it.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42"
12653,1325,Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,50,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Flowers smudged to repel evil spirits from sickroom.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 50"
12662,1326,Draba helleriana Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion to protect against witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
13740,1471,Erigeron eximius Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
13973,1497,Eriogonum annuum Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,23,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion used for protection against witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"
14006,1506,Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth.,157,Navajo,74,e44,42,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction of plants used as an anti-witchcraft medicine.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 42"
14441,1577,Euonymus obovata Nutt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,375,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound infusion of plants taken by people who are bewitched.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 375"
14510,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,457,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for sorcery.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 457"
14578,1585,Euphorbia brachycera Engelm.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,30,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for bewitchment.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 30"
14660,1602,Fagopyrum esculentum Moench,100,Iroquois,7,h77,313,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Decoction taken by the mother 'who is running around, making baby sick.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 313"
14706,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,26,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as witchcraft to cause insanity.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 26"
15436,1676,Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,48,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for bewitchment.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48"
15461,1681,Galeopsis tetrahit L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,425,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of roots taken to vomit as a cure for bewitching.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 425"
15759,1713,Gentiana affinis Griseb.,157,Navajo,74,e44,69,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as an antidote for witchcraft.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 69"
15767,1715,Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,414,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Dried root hung in house as an anti-witch charm.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 414"
15768,1715,Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,414,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of dried roots taken for headaches and to cure jealous witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 414"
15860,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Flowers possibly used for witchcraft.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
16716,1839,Heliomeris multiflora var. multiflora,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant designated as a witchcraft plant.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
16759,1849,Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark,100,Iroquois,7,h77,328,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,'Chewed by women to bewitch men and make them crazy by affecting their hearts.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 328"
16822,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,25,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Roots, red elder bark and juniper boughs used as a smudge for evil witchcraft victims.","Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"
16863,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,138,Menominee,51,s23,55,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,An evil medicine used by sorcerers.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 55"
17220,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,9,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant burned in homes to prevent evil.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 9"
17466,1921,Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides E. Small,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for protection against witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
17559,1939,Hylotelephium telephium ssp. telephium,100,Iroquois,7,h77,343,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Poultice of stalks and leaves applied to injuries resulting from witching.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 343"
17898,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,419,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant had magical potency.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 419"
18148,2022,Iva xanthifolia Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,52,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion or decoction taken and used as lotion for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52"
18284,2034,Juglans nigra L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,296,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of bark used as a medicine for rain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 296"
18380,2046,Juncus mertensianus Bong.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,38,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for 'witchcraft' or 'plhax.',"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38"
18546,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,25,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Boughs, red elder bark and cow parsnip roots used for evil witchcraft victims.","Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"
19000,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion in ceremony for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
19233,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,394,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves used to make a witchcraft medicine.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 394"
19462,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,100,Iroquois,7,h77,307,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction taken 'when your woman goes off and won't come back.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 307"
20036,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,114,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,'Hearts' used in some type of witchcraft.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
20266,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,46,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Bulbs dried, mashed with 'stink bugs,' powdered and used against 'plhax,' that is, witchcraft.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 46"
20298,2188,Lilium philadelphicum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,125,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Poultice of bulbs applied to dog bites and caused dog's fangs to drop out.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 125"
20327,2194,Limosella aquatica L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves rubbed on body ceremonially for protection against witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
20339,2197,Linaria vulgaris P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,433,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound infusion of smashed plants taken to vomit and remove bewitching.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 433"
20626,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,508,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Root used to 'inflict sickness or bad luck on persons.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508"
20659,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,452,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of roots taken or poultice applied for trouble caused by witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 452"
20686,2222,Lobelia inflata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,454,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction of plant taken to counteract sickness produced by witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 454"
20703,2224,Lobelia siphilitica L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,453,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of smashed plants taken for anti-bewitchment.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 453"
21285,2279,Lotus wrightii (Gray) Greene,291,Zuni,157,cb80,376,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Poultice of chewed root applied to swellings caused by being witched by a bullsnake.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 376"
21343,2300,Lupinus perennis L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,40,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant rubbed on hands or body to give person power to control horses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 40"
21709,2343,Lythrum salicaria L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,389,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound decoction of plants taken for fever and sickness caused by the dead.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 389"
21713,2345,Machaeranthera canescens ssp. canescens var. canescens,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,79,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Used for witchcraft.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
21763,2359,Macromeria viridiflora DC.,95,Hopi,37,w39,88,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound of plant smoked as a cure for persons with 'power to charm.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 88"
22090,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,100,Iroquois,7,h77,284,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound used for witching.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 284"
22520,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,84,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for witchcraft.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 84"
22532,2426,Medeola virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,285,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Raw root chewed and spit on hook to 'make fish bite.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 285"
22857,2442,Mentha ?piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica ? spicata],100,Iroquois,7,h77,428,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of plant will throw off witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 428"
22962,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Bark used to counteract evil spells and doctor remedies.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
23334,2509,Monarda sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,657,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound decoction of plant taken and used as a wash to protect from ghosts.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657"
23556,2553,Myosurus apetalus var. borealis Whittemore,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,27,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of plant taken to protect from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27"
24061,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,100,Iroquois,7,h77,319,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,'Hung up inside to keep witches away' as an anti-witch remedy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 319"
24062,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,100,Iroquois,7,h77,319,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound used to 'detect bewitchment.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 319"
24063,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,100,Iroquois,7,h77,319,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Poultice of roots applied to sore areas caused by witchcraft diseases.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 319"
24399,2636,Onopordum acanthium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,476,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction used for witchcraft poison and as an emetic to counter witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 476"
24493,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for the magical powers.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
25173,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,365,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound used as an anti-witch medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 365"
25412,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,394,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to make a witchcraft medicine.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 394"
25831,2802,Penstemon barbatus ssp. torreyi (Benth.) Keck,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,159,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as a magic medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159"
25980,2829,Pericome caudata Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,52,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction of root used for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52"
26223,2844,Peteria scoparia Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,33,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound infusion of tops taken for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"
26509,2895,Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray,95,Hopi,37,w39,72,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as 'medicine for the stomach and bad medicine of wizards.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 72"
26833,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,316,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for bewitchment.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 316"
27563,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,95,Hopi,37,w39,63,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Gum applied to forehead as a protection from sorcery.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63"
27820,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,95,Hopi,37,w39,63,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Gum applied to forehead as a protection from sorcery.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63"
28004,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,29,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Needles spread on the floor of the sweathouse to fight off 'plhax,' witchcraft.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"
28225,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,266,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Burning branch smoke drove away ghosts from the house of returning people.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 266"
28226,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,266,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Smoke from plant used as a wash for a person who has seen a dead person.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 266"
29819,3122,Potamogeton sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,272,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound poultice bound to 'soreness all over in men from being witched.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 272"
29825,3125,Potentilla canadensis L.,156,Natchez,128,swan28,667,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant given to one who was bewitched.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667"
31116,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,59,Creek,128,swan28,663664,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction of plant used as a wash for persons afflicted by ghosts.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663664"
31123,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,138,Menominee,51,s23,30,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Smudge of leaves used to fumigate premises to dispel ghost of a dead person.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 30"
31363,3205,Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,34,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of plant used as a lotion for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
31465,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,100,Iroquois,7,h77,259,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Ingredients placed in coffin with root shaped into a person and the person dies in 10 days.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 259"
31895,3253,Quercus alba L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,303,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound decoction used 'when your woman goes off and won't come back.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 303"
31928,3254,Quercus bicolor Willd.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,303,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Used 'when wife runs around, takes away lonesomeness.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 303"
33882,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,358,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound decoction of plants and doll used for black magic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 358"
34310,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,100,Iroquois,7,h77,356,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of roots used to make dogs good hunters and ensure them from theft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 356"
34704,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,356,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction taken by a hunter and his wife to prevent her from fooling around.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 356"
36409,3558,Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,62,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant thrown into the fire to keep away the ghosts.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"
36785,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,24,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Bark, juniper roots and cow parsnip roots used for evil witchcraft victims.","Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 24"
37008,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,336,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Smoke from plant used as a wash for a person who has seen a dead person.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 336"
37082,3577,Sanicula marilandica L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,55,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Root thought to be used by sorcerers for evil purposes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 55"
37093,3578,Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe,138,Menominee,51,s23,56,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Root thought to be used by sorcerers for evil purpose.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 56"
37197,3588,Sarracenia purpurea L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"52, 53",2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant thought to be used by sorcerers.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 52, 53"
38005,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,132,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38010,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38013,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,132,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38016,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,132,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38018,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,132,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38029,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,468,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Burned root soot placed on cheek to prevent sickness caused by the dead.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 468"
38102,3694,Sisyrinchium albidum Raf.,138,Menominee,51,s23,38,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant kept in house or pocket as a charm to ward off snakes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 38"
38127,3702,Sitanion sp.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,173,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Used dry or green by shaman to strike patient with, before and after sucking.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173"
38242,3715,Smilax tamnoides L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,287,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to make doll to be used 'to kill a woman who is using you badly.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 287"
38495,3752,Solidago velutina DC.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion in witchcraft.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
38598,3767,Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex Gray,100,Iroquois,7,h77,272,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound poultice bound to 'soreness all over in men from being witched.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 272"
38659,3773,Sphaeralcea coccinea ssp. coccinea,157,Navajo,74,e44,62,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of plants taken for diseases produced by witchcraft.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62"
39059,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,133,Makah,101,ttco83,102,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves chewed and swallowed to counteract evil charms.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
39190,3873,Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) Nesom,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,48,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction used as lotion for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
39241,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,277,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Poultice used on bite from a fight or dog and caused the biter's teeth to fall out.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 277"
39252,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"23, 24",2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Root used in tattooing, as a talisman against the return of diseases.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 23, 24"
39364,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,7,h77,477,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction of roots used as a wash for an anti-witch medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 477"
39653,3914,Tetradymia canescens DC.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves used as for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
39686,3918,Tetraneuris argentea (Gray) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
39821,3944,Thermopsis montana var. montana,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,34,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as a lotion for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
39835,3948,Thlaspi montanum var. fendleri (Gray) P. Holmgren,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion to protect from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
39922,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"70, 71",2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves burned on coals to purify patient and exorcise evil spirits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70, 71"
40739,4024,Trillium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,285,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound used to 'detect bewitchment.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 285"
40740,4024,Trillium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,286,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Dry root carried for luck and for the protection of teeth.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 286"
40766,4027,Triosteum perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,445,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction of roots taken for stomach trouble caused by witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 445"
40767,4027,Triosteum perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,445,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Poultice of smashed roots applied for stomach trouble caused by witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 445"
40777,4029,Tripterocalyx carnea var. wootonii (Standl.) L.A. Gal.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of plant taken to give protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
40781,4029,Tripterocalyx carnea var. wootonii (Standl.) L.A. Gal.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,377,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Poultice of powdered seeds and water applied to swellings caused by being witched by a bullsnake.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377"
41506,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,59,Creek,128,swan28,665,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Decoction of bark with gunpowder taken to speed delivery, sympathetic magic.","Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 665"
41690,4058,Urtica dioica L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,307,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound of plant and dried snake's blood used as a 'witching medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 307"
41884,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,68,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,'Children walk through nettles to prepare them for practice of witchcraft.',"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"
42483,4091,Valeriana acutiloba Rydb.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42725,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used in 'witchcraft' or 'plhax' to jinx people.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
42794,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,95,Hopi,37,w39,92,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound of plant smoked as cure for persons 'with power to charm.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92"
42877,4108,Verbena hastata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,422,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of smashed leaves used to make an obnoxious person leave.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 422"
42959,4124,Veronica officinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,436,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction of plants taken as an emetic to neutralize witchcraft and spoil hunting.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 436"
42995,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of roots taken as a witch medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
43021,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of bark taken and applied as poultice for pain caused by witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43302,4163,Viola sagittata Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,386,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound used to detect bewitchment.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 386"
43324,4167,Viola striata Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,387,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to make a girl sick and crazy after being refused by her parents.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 387"
43680,4212,Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,469,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used in a witching medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 469"
43748,4222,Xyris sp.,228,Seminole,88,s54,395,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Flowering stems twisted into a witchcraft medicine.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 395"