id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
31898,3253,Quercus alba L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,66,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Acorns boiled, simmered to remove lye, ground, sifted and made into pie.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66"
42417,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,78,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries and water boiled, flour paste, sugar or honey added and eaten hot or cold as a pudding.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 78"
42263,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour into a pudding.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42444,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,86,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour into a pudding.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86"
37771,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,24,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries boiled, flour and sugar added and eaten as a pudding.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 24"
30751,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,35,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries boiled, sugar and flour added and eaten as a pudding.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35"
35075,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,22,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries cooked as pie filling.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 22"
41985,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries cooked in pies and puddings.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42046,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries cooked in pies and puddings.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42147,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries cooked in pies and puddings.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42402,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries cooked in pies and puddings.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
13072,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,92,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries cooked with blueberries and used to make pie and ice cream.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 92"
41986,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42148,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42233,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,200,Pomo,89,c02,377,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies and eaten.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 377"
36545,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies and used for food.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
15701,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
33504,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
34314,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
34320,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,264,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264"
42136,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,218,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218"
30802,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,38,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries mixed with cornstarch and sugar to make a pudding.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
13061,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,79,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries mixed with other berries and used to make pie.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 79"
30822,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,42,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries mixed with sugar and flour and used to make a pudding.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 42"
42119,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries ordered and used to make pies.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
42237,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,60,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries used for dumplings, pies, puddings and toppings.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 60"
15675,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,101,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 101"
41999,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42028,4075,Vaccinium deliciosum Piper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42228,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,108,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
42371,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
34376,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,93,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make berry shortcakes and pies.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 93"
15726,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,39,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make cobblers and pies.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 39"
36657,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,32,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pie.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 32"
34915,3469,Rubus sp.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,57,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies and cobblers.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 57"
3010,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies and puddings.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
41958,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries used to make pies, cobblers and upside down cakes.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
42014,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries used to make pies, cobblers and upside down cakes.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
2995,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
13088,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
15648,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
33545,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33671,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
34341,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34403,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34506,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
42301,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42460,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,9,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9"
43079,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
3073,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,75,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make puddings and pies.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 75"
13073,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,92,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries, cornstarch, water and butter used to make pie.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 92"
37794,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries, flour and sugar mixed and eaten as a pudding.","Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
7834,699,Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.,115,Klamath,66,c97,93,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Bulbs used to make pies.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 93"
28843,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,47,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Chopped leaves and stems added to a thick pudding of flour and sugar and eaten.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 47"
14353,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Corms used to make a traditional kind of pudding. The pudding was made by boiling together such traditional ingredients as dried black tree lichen, dried saskatoon berries, cured salmon eggs, tiger lily bulbs or bitterroot and deer fat.  Some of these ingredients, including avalanche lily corms, were optional. Nowadays flour is often used as a substitute for black tree lichen and sugar is added.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
38358,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,43,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Cut, dried potatoes boiled into a pudding, in the winter months.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43"
3045,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Dried berries and many other ingredients used to make a special pudding. The dried berries with bitterroot, flour, butter, cream, sugar and sometimes tiger lily bulbs, avalanche lily corms, deer fat, black tree lichen and salmon eggs were used to make a special pudding.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
2957,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,76,Flathead,30,h92,9,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Dried berries mixed with flour, sugar and water and eaten as a sweet pudding.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9"
25723,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,29,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Dried plant slices boiled, a sweetener added and eaten as a sweet pudding.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 29"
7880,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,183,Paiute,98,m53,56,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Dried, ground bulbs made into a pudding.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 56"
11715,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Flesh boiled, corn meal and sugar added and eaten as a pudding with sugar and milk.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
6630,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,148,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Flowers used to make puddings.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 148"
8289,763,Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with corn pudding.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
8344,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with corn pudding.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
8429,774,Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with corn pudding.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
11206,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with corn pudding.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
14677,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with corn pudding.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
18207,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with corn pudding.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
18288,2034,Juglans nigra L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with corn pudding.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
32448,3289,Quercus sp.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with corn pudding.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
42064,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used for making pies.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
30486,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,58,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 58"
34578,3455,Rubus laciniatus Willd.,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34616,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34686,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,57,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 57"
34753,3462,Rubus odoratus L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,57,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 57"
34916,3469,Rubus sp.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,58,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 58"
36561,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
42282,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,3,g83,307,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307"
12570,1310,Diospyros virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,38,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pudding.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 38"
2933,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,34,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Fruits boiled, sugar and flour added and eaten as a pudding.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34"
15737,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Fruits dried, soaked in water and used in pudding.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
34709,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,95,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Fruits dried, soaked in water and used in pudding.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 95"
42384,4087,Vaccinium sp.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Fruits dried, soaked in water and used in pudding.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
2996,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,9,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruits made into pies and eaten.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9"
35070,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,133,Makah,3,g83,278,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruits used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 278"
30231,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,35,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Fruits, sugar and flour used to make a pudding.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35"
6920,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,111,m90,26,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Ground seed meal and juniper berries used to make a pudding.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 26"
34162,3432,Rosa sp.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,36,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Hips boiled, sugar and flour added and eaten as a pudding.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36"
6657,504,Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Fr‚m.) S. Wats.,95,Hopi,72,f96,20,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Leaves boiled in water, the water mixed with corn meal and baked into a pudding.","Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 20"
38781,3806,Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,364,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Plant used to make pudding.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 364"
29939,3153,Prosopis glandulosa Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,41,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Pods boiled in water, taken out, mashed, boiled again and eaten as pudding.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41"
20056,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Roots cooked with black tree lichen, dough and fresh salmon and made into a pudding. Sometimes the roots were cooked with black tree lichen, fermented salmon eggs, yellow avalanche lily corms, saskatoon berries and deer fat to make a similar kind of pudding.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
26042,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,161,Nevada Indian,111,m90,16,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Roots ground into flour for puddings.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 16"
26016,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,71,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Roots mixed with flour or black tree lichen into a pudding.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
20975,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Roots used in puddings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
6658,504,Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Fr‚m.) S. Wats.,95,Hopi,19,c35,17,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Scented leaves boiled and water mixed with cornmeal to make a pudding.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 17"
8145,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Seeds ground with corn into a pudding.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
27527,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,43,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Seeds mixed with yucca fruit pulp to make a pudding.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43"
44414,4244,Zea mays L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,71,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Seeds, pumpkin mush and maple sugar used to make pudding.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71"
32806,3330,Rheum rhabarbarum L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,340,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Stalks used to make pie.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 340"
35415,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Stems boiled, strained, flour added, combined with sugar, filled into pie crusts, baked and eaten.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
28847,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,26,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Stems stewed and used as pie filling.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 26"
42418,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,78,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Stored berries used to make traditional desserts and pies.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 78"
44654,4255,Zizania palustris L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,101,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Wild rice sweetened with maple sugar and used to make pudding.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 101"