id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
847,38,Achillea millefolium L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,105,1,Food,83,Preservative,"Stem, leaf and flower placed inside fish cavity as a preservative.","Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"
2461,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,1,Food,83,Preservative,"Wood used to smoke salmon, eels and deer meat.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
2503,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,224,1,Food,83,Preservative,Wood used to smoke fish and meat.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224"
2666,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,5,1,Food,83,Preservative,Wood used to smoke fish.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
2950,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,28,1,Food,83,Preservative,"Barked split sticks, four inches long, boiled in sturgeon oil to keep the oil fresh during storage.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28"
7185,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,1,Food,83,Preservative,"Soft, rotten wood burned to make a slow, smoky fire to smoke cure meat and fish.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7241,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,1,Food,83,Preservative,Birch bark keeps the food stored in it from spoiling.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
9314,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,16,1,Food,83,Preservative,Used for smoking fish and as a mosquito repellent.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16"
10542,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,1,Food,83,Preservative,Leaves used to line buckets when picking blueberries and cover them to prevent spoiling.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
11132,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,83,Preservative,Used with narrow leaf cottonwood to smoke salmon.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
22508,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,76,Flathead,30,h92,23,1,Food,83,Preservative,"Plants dried, pulverized and used to preserve meat and berries.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23"
23231,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,70,1,Food,83,Preservative,Leaves pulverized and sprinkled on meats as a preservative.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70"
23569,2557,Myrica gale L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,121,1,Food,83,Preservative,Plant used to line the blueberry pail to keep the berries from spoiling.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121"
29597,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,52,1,Food,83,Preservative,"Dry, rotted wood used to make a fire to smoke cure whitefish and moose meat.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 52"
29663,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,5,1,Food,83,Preservative,Wood used to smoke fish.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
32849,3337,Rhododendron albiflorum Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,216,1,Food,83,Preservative,Branches used in bottoms of berry baskets and on top of the berries to keep them fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 216"
33489,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,210,Quinault,25,g73,32,1,Food,83,Preservative,Berries mixed with elderberries and buried with them for preservation.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
34819,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,83,Preservative,Fruit used to make jam and jelly.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
36072,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,1,Food,83,Preservative,Wood used to smoke salmon.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
41556,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,83,Preservative,Bark cooked with rendering fat as a preservative.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
41557,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,1,Food,83,Preservative,"Inner bark cooked with buffalo fat as a preservative, to prevent it from becoming rancid.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"