id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
748,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body for liver troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
798,38,Achillea millefolium L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,35,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plant used for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 35"
800,38,Achillea millefolium L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"29, 74",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of whole plant taken for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 74"
900,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plant taken for the liver.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
901,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 128",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Simple or compound infusion of leaves taken for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
1574,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,258,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of roots taken for the cessation of urine due to gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 258"
1941,111,Agrimonia sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,357,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357"
1978,126,Aletris farinosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Taken for jaundice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
2110,141,Allium cernuum Roth,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Juice taken for 'liver complaints.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
3742,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,415,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of roots taken as a liver medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 415"
4121,319,Aralia racemosa L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,392,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound used for the liver.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 392"
6419,457,Asplenium trichomanes L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Taken for 'liver complaints.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
6999,556,Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,363,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plant taken to concentrate bile.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 363"
7045,568,Berberis vulgaris L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of leaves taken three times a day for jaundice.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
7079,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,25,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
7535,623,Brickellia ambigens (Greene.) A. Nels.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,33,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plant used as liver medicine.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
7555,627,Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,33,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plant used as a liver medicine.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
8267,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Used for bile.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8314,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Used for bile.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8383,768,Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Used for bile.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8572,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,333,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of smashed roots taken to vomit for gall stones.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 333"
8743,820,Celastrus scandens L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,37,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of roots used to clear up liver spots.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37"
9363,892,Chelone glabra L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,434,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 434"
10361,1028,Clethra acuminata Michx.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,47,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of bark scrapings taken for vomiting bile.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47"
11000,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of cambium taken for liver troubles and related disorders.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
11553,1156,Cryptogramma sitchensis (Rupr.) T. Moore,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,"Infusion of washed, strained fronds taken for gallstones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
12564,1310,Diospyros virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Cold infusion of bark taken for bile and liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
14468,1579,Eupatorium maculatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,456,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound infusion of roots taken for liver sickness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 456"
14672,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,302,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound decoction taken for yellow skin and gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 302"
14968,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Taken for jaundice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
15078,1647,Frangula caroliniana (Walt.) Gray,59,Creek,128,swan28,667,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of wood taken for jaundice.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667"
15082,1647,Frangula caroliniana (Walt.) Gray,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,25,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
15137,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of bark and red elderberry roots taken for liver diseases.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
15188,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,25,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
15731,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Berries considered 'good' for the liver.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
15764,1715,Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,414,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound used as a liver medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 414"
16205,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of root taken for liver trouble.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
16206,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of roots taken for liver troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
16207,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,32,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion taken for the 'liver.',"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 32"
16257,1781,Grindelia squarrosa var. serrulata (Rydb.) Steyermark,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,45,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of root taken as a liver aid.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 45"
16488,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,58,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Plant considered an excellent remedy for liver troubles.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 58"
16747,1849,Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion used for the liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
16767,1850,Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,129,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Plant used for liver ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 129"
17066,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of root taken for liver trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17087,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of roots taken for liver trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17124,1878,Heuchera rubescens Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"87, 88",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of roots taken for liver trouble or biliousness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 87, 88"
17488,1926,Hydrangea arborescens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of bark given to induce vomiting to 'throw off disordered bile.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
17496,1926,Hydrangea arborescens L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 76",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Root combined with root of iris versicolor and used for gallstones.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76"
17501,1927,Hydrangea cinerea Small,32,Cherokee,115,t40,25,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of bark scrapings taken for vomiting bile.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 25"
17517,1928,Hydrastis canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,324,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,"Infusion of powdered root taken for liver trouble, gall, sour stomach and gas.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 324"
17555,1939,Hylotelephium telephium ssp. telephium,100,Iroquois,7,h77,343,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound infusion of whole roots taken for liver sickness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 343"
17752,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,380,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound decoction of plants taken and used as a wash for liverspots.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 380"
17754,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,256,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of leaves used for jaundice.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 256"
17757,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,57,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Herbs used for jaundice.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57"
17894,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,419,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Plant used for the liver.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 419"
17965,1999,Ipomopsis congesta ssp. congesta,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,77-80,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 77-80"
18013,2007,Iris cristata Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
18064,2016,Iris verna L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
18075,2017,Iris versicolor L.,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Plant used to increase the flow of bile.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
18080,2017,Iris versicolor L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Roots used for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
18084,2017,Iris versicolor L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 76",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Root combined with root of Hydrangea arborescens and used for gallstones.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76"
18085,2017,Iris versicolor L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,30,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Root used for disorders of the liver.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30"
18121,2018,Iris virginica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
18166,2029,Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,332,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken for gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 332"
18196,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,295,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound decoction taken for yellow skin and too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 295"
18275,2034,Juglans nigra L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,24,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 24"
19827,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,150,Montagnais,120,b44,14,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Poultice of plant applied or infusion given to children for jaundice.,"Burgesse, J. Allen, 1944, The Woman and the Child Among the Lac-St.-Jean Montagnais, Primitive Man 17:1-18, page 14"
20428,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,101102,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied for 'gall trouble.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 101102"
21887,2372,Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde,97,Hualapai,127,w82,5,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Roots used as a bitter tonic for the liver.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5"
22373,2408,Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Root chewed for the liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
23480,2531,Morus nigra L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,25,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
25372,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,395,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction or infusion of roots taken to stop vomiting gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 395"
25429,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Used for the liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
25537,2757,Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion taken for yellow jaundice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
25575,2763,Passiflora incarnata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion taken for liver and compound infusion of root used for boils.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
26830,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,317,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound infusion of whole roots used for liver sickness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 317"
28205,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,266,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound decoction taken for gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 266"
29509,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of bark taken for liver troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
29737,3114,Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
29749,3115,Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
30616,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,360,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of bark taken for too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 360"
31056,3187,Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,125126,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126"
31069,3187,Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,125126,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126"
31460,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,100,Iroquois,7,h77,259,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Used as a liver and rheumatism medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 259"
31699,3231,Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,126-128,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of leaf taken for liver trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 126-128"
31768,3238,Pyrola asarifolia Michx.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,128,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of root taken for liver trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 128"
32796,3328,Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,58,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Plant used for the liver and spleen.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58"
33053,3351,Rhus sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,371,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken for gall caused by diphtheria.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 371"
33839,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,50,Costanoan,16,b84,10,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of plant used as a liver remedy.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 10"
33847,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,131,Mahuna,5,r54,65,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,"Plant used for torpid liver, cirrhosis of the liver and gallstones.","Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 65"
34484,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,355,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for bile.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 355"
34700,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,356,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Leaves used for removing bile.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 356"
35257,3485,Rumex crispus L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,33,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Root used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 33"
35259,3485,Rumex crispus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"28, 78",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Root used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28, 78"
35339,3485,Rumex crispus L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,131132,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of root taken for liver complaints.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 131132"
35425,3489,Rumex obtusifolius L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,33,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Root used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 33"
35427,3489,Rumex obtusifolius L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"28, 78",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Root used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28, 78"
35471,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,96,Houma,49,speck41,"56, 57",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 56, 57"
35472,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,96,Houma,49,speck41,"56, 57",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of yellow root in gin taken for jaundice.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 56, 57"
36664,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,39,Choctaw,115,t40,58,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of seeds and roots taken for liver troubles.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
36672,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,62,Delaware,97,t72,31,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Leaves and stems used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31"
36677,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,26,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Leaves and stems used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26"
36703,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,100,Iroquois,7,h77,450,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of bark taken to vomit up gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450"
36836,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of white roots and cascara bark taken for liver diseases.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36996,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,337,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound infusion of roots taken as a gall medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 337"
37191,3588,Sarracenia purpurea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,343,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound infusion of whole roots taken for liver sickness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 343"
37731,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,96,Houma,49,speck41,61,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of inner bark in whiskey taken for jaundice and to purify the blood.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 61"
37913,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Berry juice used for gallstones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
38390,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,461,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of flowers taken as an emetic for too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 461"
38432,3737,Solidago juncea Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,460,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plants taken for jaundice.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 460"
38435,3739,Solidago nemoralis Ait.,96,Houma,49,speck41,66,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of root taken for 'yellow jaundice.',"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 66"
38454,3741,Solidago rugosa P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,461,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Whole plant used for biliousness and as liver medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 461"
38799,3809,Sporobolus heterolepis (Gray) Gray,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,200,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of root taken as an emetic 'to remove bile.',"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200"
39309,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,472,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Poultice of smashed leaves applied to body pains caused by too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 472"
39737,3926,Thalictrum pubescens Pursh,100,Iroquois,7,h77,327,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound infusion of roots taken as a gall medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 327"
40957,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Cambium used for the gall bladder.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
42888,4111,Verbena officinalis L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,65,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of roots taken for kidney and liver trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 65"
42975,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound taken for 'inactive liver.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
43126,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Berries considered 'good' for the liver.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
43340,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of leaf taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43426,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of leaf taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43470,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of leaf taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43684,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,30,Catawba,115,t40,22,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of plant taken for jaundice.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
43685,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,30,Catawba,75,s37,188,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of roots taken for jaundice.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"