id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
917,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves and stems used in a smudge to keep mosquitoes away.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
1107,45,Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,79,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves dried and hung in houses to keep flies and mosquitos away.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79"
1111,45,Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,186,3,Other,76,Insecticide,"Decoction of plant used as a furniture and floor wash for lice, bedbugs and other household pests.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 186"
2031,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,74,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Bulbs rubbed on the skin to repel insects.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74"
2161,141,Allium cernuum Roth,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,74,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Bulbs rubbed on the skin to repel insects.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74"
2652,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Bark burned to repel mosquitos.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
4949,382,Artemisia absinthium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,75,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Branches used under mattresses as a repellent for bedbugs and other insect pests.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
5061,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,105,Karok,70,b81,18,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Shoots used with drying salmon to keep 'salmon beetles' away.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5133,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,28,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Crushed plant mixed with water and used on bed clothing as a bed bug repellent.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
5134,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,28,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used in the bed as a bed bug repellent.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
5147,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,76,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Branches burned as a smudge to drive away mosquitoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
5148,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,76,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Branches with leaves used as an insect repellent & stopped flies from laying eggs in stored salmon.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
5184,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant burned to keep away mosquitos.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5242,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant put on a fire to attract horses that run to the smoke because it kept flies & mosquitoes away.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
5243,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant put on campfire coals and the smoke repelled the mosquitoes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5277,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,45,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant burned and used as a smudge for mosquitoes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 45"
5294,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant burned to keep away mosquitos.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5351,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant put on a fire to attract horses that run to the smoke because it kept flies & mosquitoes away.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
5392,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,211,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Smudge of leaves used to drive away mosquitoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 211"
5421,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant burned and the smoke used as a good smudge against mosquitoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
7393,598,Boerhavia erecta L.,95,Hopi,37,w39,75,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Sticky leaves and stem hung in house to catch flies.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 75"
8281,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves 'scattered about to drive away fleas.',"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
8296,763,Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Nut meat oil mixed with bear grease and used as a preventive for mosquitoes.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8351,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Nut meat oil mixed with bear grease and used as a preventive for mosquitoes.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8437,774,Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Nut meat oil mixed with bear grease and used as a preventive for mosquitoes.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8707,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Smoke from plant used to kill bedbugs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
9316,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,16,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Used for smoking fish and as a mosquito repellent.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16"
9560,910,Chenopodium sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,44,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Finely chopped plant used on the face and arms to keep the flies and mosquitoes from biting.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 44"
9868,942,Cicuta maculata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of root used to soak corn before planting to repel insect pests.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
10396,1031,Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,126,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Crushed leaves rubbed on the face and hands as protection from mosquitoes.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 126"
10545,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,121,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves thrown onto the fire to make a smudge and keep away mosquitoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121"
11213,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Nut meat oil mixed with bear grease and used as a preventive for mosquitoes.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
11828,1183,Cymopterus globosus (S. Wats.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"63, 64",3,Other,76,Insecticide,Decoction of roots used as an insecticide.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 63, 64"
12041,1232,Darlingtonia californica Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,27,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant ate insects.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
13353,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Decoction of stalks used as a wash for hair infested with vermin.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13681,1455,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. speciosa (Nutt.) Nesom & Baird,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,217,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Salve of branches and leaves used on horses to keep horseflies and gnats away.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 217"
14374,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,9,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Decoction of flowers rubbed into the hair to kill lice.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 9"
14684,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Nut meat oil mixed with bear grease and used as a preventive for mosquitoes.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
14718,1605,Fendlera rupicola Gray,157,Navajo,74,e44,51,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used to kill hair lice.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 51"
14781,1620,Fomes igniarius (L. ex Fries) Kickx,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,187,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant added to tobacco as a mosquito repellent.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 187"
16191,1777,Grindelia nuda var. aphanactis (Rydb.) Nesom,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Strong infusion of plant poured on ant hill to kill ants.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
16195,1778,Grindelia robusta Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,389,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Decoction of roots used as a shampoo to kill hair lice.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389"
16291,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,102,Jemez,28,c30,23,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant chewed and juice spit upon bees to kill the insects.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
16292,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,102,Jemez,28,c30,23,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant placed upon a slow fire and smoke destroyed bees.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
16300,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,46,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Chewed leaf juice had an intoxicating effect upon bees.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
16403,1796,Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston,100,Iroquois,7,h77,420,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plants used around potatoes to keep bugs off.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 420"
16477,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion taken for 'flux' and leaves rubbed on body as insect repellent.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
16492,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,33,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves dried and used indoors for fleas.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 33"
16802,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,61,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of blossoms rubbed on body to keep off flies and mosquitoes.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
17021,1864,Heterotheca villosa var. villosa,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion thrown on ant hill to kill red ants.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
17235,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,76,Flathead,30,h92,28,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Used as an incense to 'keep the bugs away.',"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28"
17885,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of vine used for soaking sweet potatoes to keep away bugs and moles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
18214,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Nut meat oil mixed with bear grease and used as a preventive for mosquitoes.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
18269,2034,Juglans nigra L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,29,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves scattered about the house to dispel fleas.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 29"
18276,2034,Juglans nigra L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,24,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves scattered about house to 'dispel fleas.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 24"
18295,2034,Juglans nigra L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Nut meat oil mixed with bear grease and used as a preventive for mosquitoes.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
19029,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used to keep earwigs and bedbugs out of the house.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19063,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Strong decoction of berries used to kill ticks on horses.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
19141,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Used for moth proofing.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
20676,2222,Lobelia inflata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Used to smoke out gnats.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
22474,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,61,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Dried blossoms used as an insect repellant.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 61"
22517,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,23,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Used as a bug repellant.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23"
22544,2430,Melia azedarach L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,29,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Crushed leaves used to drive out 'house insects.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29"
22554,2434,Melilotus indicus (L.) All.,101,Isleta,76,j31,34,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used in beds as a bed bug repellant.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
22564,2435,Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,53,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used in beds as a bed bug repellant.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
22647,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,64,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves powdered and sprinkled on meat and berries as a bug repellant.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 64"
22677,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,64,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves powdered and sprinkled on meat and berries as a bug repellant.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 64"
22786,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,233,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used all over the house for bedbugs and other insect pests.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"
23060,2490,Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"34, 35",3,Other,76,Insecticide,Poultice of beaten root used for boils and milk poured over leaves used as fly poison.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34, 35"
23232,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,70,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves pulverized and sprinkled on meats as a bug repellant.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70"
23570,2557,Myrica gale L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,121,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant thrown onto the fire to make a smudge and keep away mosquitoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121"
24958,2693,Osmorhiza brachypoda Torr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,47,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of mashed plant used as a hair wash to kill fleas.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47"
25019,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Decoction of root used as a dip to kill chicken lice.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25563,2760,Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. L”ve,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,25,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Grass and water used to soak melon seeds before planting to keep worms away and make melons sweeter.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
27038,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,2,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Needles burned to keep mosquitoes away.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"
28112,2974,Pinus rigida P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,267,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Smoke from burning leaves used to get rid of fleas.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 267"
28685,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Root ooze used to soak corn before planting to keep off crows and insects.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
28707,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"25, 26",3,Other,76,Insecticide,Decoction of whole plant sprinkled on potato plants to kill potato bugs.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 25, 26"
28716,3034,Pogogyne douglasii ssp. parviflora (Benth.) J.T. Howell,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,384,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used for fleas.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 384"
29197,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,54,3,Other,76,Insecticide,"Resin from buds used to repel mosquitoes, black flies and gadflies.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
29208,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Bark burned for a mosquito repelling smoke.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
31373,3206,Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.,125,Lakota,108,r80,48,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant smudge used against mosquitoes.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 48"
31613,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,259,Thompson,33,steed28,513,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Strong decoction of whole plant used to kill lice and fleas.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 513"
33139,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,15,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves used on a person's body as an insect repellent.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15"
36729,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,207,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Inner bark of young shoots used as a repellant for flies and insects.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207"
37678,3643,Senecio flaccidus var. flaccidus,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,69,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant parts used in bed as a bed bug repellent.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 69"
38249,3716,Solanum carolinense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Crushed leaves in sweet milk used to kill flies.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
38570,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Berries rubbed on the scalp for lice.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
38704,3784,Sphenosciadium capitellatum Gray,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of root used for lice.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
39728,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Seeds and leaves placed among clothing or other possessions as an insect repellant.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
39881,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,83,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Branches used in closets to prevent moths.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 83"
40562,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,105,Karok,71,sg52,389,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used in bedding to keep fleas away.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389"
40566,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,67,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Crushed leaves used in bed rolls to discourage fleas.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"
41033,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,133,Makah,25,g73,17,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Compound of powdered bark and oil or pitch used on the hair to remove vermin.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41619,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,7,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Burning leaf smoke used to rid one of fleas.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 7"
41620,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Burning leaf smoke used to rid one of fleas.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
41643,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,349,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves used for fleas.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349"
41671,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,91,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leafy branches used for fleas.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 91"
41676,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant put under the bed to rid it of fleas.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
42903,4116,Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Hollow piece of dried stem used in procedure to rid corn of cutworms.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
42904,4116,Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,3,Other,76,Insecticide,"Stem used to rid corn of cutworms. Put four worms into a hollow piece of dried stem about five inches long, take it to an ancient Pueblo ruin and stick it in the ground at the edge of the ruin.  When the worms have disappeared bury the stem, cover it with a piece of old pottery and draw a line around it with an arrowhead.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
43259,4151,Viola bicolor Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of root used to soak corn before planting to keep off insects.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43272,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of root used to soak corn before planting to keep off insects.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43287,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of root used to soak corn before planting to keep off insects.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43301,4162,Viola rotundifolia Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of root used to soak corn before planting to keep off insects.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43312,4165,Viola sororia Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of root used to soak corn before planting to keep off insects.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43333,4149,Viola ?pedata L. (pro sp.),32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Infusion of root used to soak corn before planting to keep off insects.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"