id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
2087,140,Allium cepa L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,104,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Bulb peelings used as a yellow dye for wool.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 104"
2325,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,119,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Inner bark used to make yellow dye.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119"
2337,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,38,Chippewa,4,d28,373,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Inner bark pounded, steeped and boiled to make a yellow dye.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 373"
2345,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2371,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Inner bark used for dyeing light yellow or with other ingredients for red, red brown or black.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
2402,169,Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2429,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
3316,243,Andropogon virginicus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Stems, alone or with onion peels, used to make a yellow dye.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
4744,361,Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownbey,125,Lakota,108,r80,53,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used as a yellow dye for arrows.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 53"
5543,404,Artemisia sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,81,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Leaves used to make a soft yellow dye.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 81"
5946,420,Arundo donax L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Pollen used as a yellow dye.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
6627,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,43,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Leaves and twigs used in coloring wool yellow.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43"
6644,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Young leaves and twigs used to dye wool yellow.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
6675,507,Atriplex garrettii Rydb.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,47,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Whole plant used to make a yellow dye and set with bitter alum.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
7028,562,Bazzania trilobata (L.) S. F. Gray.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,8,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used as a yellow dye.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8"
8250,760,Carthamus tinctorius L.,95,Hopi,126,vest40,167,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers used to color bread yellow for certain dances.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 167"
8533,797,Castilleja sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,111,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers used as a yellow dye for arrow feathers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 111"
9797,934,Chrysothamnus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,83,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used as a yellow dye.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83"
9800,935,Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,302,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Blossoms used as a yellow dye for wools and cotton yarn.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 302"
9806,935,Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,84,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Flowers boiled with roasted alum and used as a yellow dye for leather, wool and basketry.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 84"
10641,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,374,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Long, slender roots used to make a bright yellow dye.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 374"
10642,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,130,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 130"
10675,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Golden-colored roots added to other plant dyes to emphasize the yellow color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
10676,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,114,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots boiled to obtain a yellow dye.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 114"
10681,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,122,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots cooked with the cloth to dye an indelible yellow.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122"
11026,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,38,Chippewa,4,d28,374,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used with bloodroot and wild plum to make a yellow dye.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 374"
12085,1239,Datisca glomerata (K. Presl) Baill.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,250,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used as a yellow dye.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250"
12086,1239,Datisca glomerata (K. Presl) Baill.,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used as a yellow dye.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
12090,1239,Datisca glomerata (K. Presl) Baill.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used as a yellow dye.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
13597,1449,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. consimilis var. oreophila (A. Nels.) Nesom & Baird,95,Hopi,37,w39,95,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95"
13600,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,156,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Blossoms used as a yellow dye.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156"
13614,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers and buds boiled overnight and used as a yellow dye for basket material.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
13615,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers used as a yellow dye for wool.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
13620,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,45,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers boiled to make a yellow dye for woolen yarn.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45"
13622,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,291,Zuni,6,s15,80,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Blossoms used to make a yellow dye.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80"
13625,1451,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird,95,Hopi,37,w39,95,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95"
13628,1451,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird,157,Navajo,74,e44,83,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Mature flowering tops boiled with heated alum and used as a yellow dye for wool.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83"
13631,1452,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. hololeuca (Gray) Nesom & Baird,95,Hopi,37,w39,95,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95"
13636,1453,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. latisquamea (Gray) Nesom & Baird,157,Navajo,74,e44,83,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Twigs and flowers used as a yellow dye for wool.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83"
13651,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,95,Hopi,82,c74,303,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers used as yellow dye.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 303"
13699,1459,Ericameria parryi var. howardii (Parry ex Gray) Nesom & Baird,95,Hopi,37,w39,95,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95"
14648,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Plant pieces used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
14649,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Used for making clothing, bedding, yellow dye and yellow paint.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
14653,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,259,Thompson,33,steed28,501,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used to make a bright yellow dye.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501"
15656,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Infusion of leaves used as a greenish-yellow dye.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
16312,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,157,Navajo,74,e44,86,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Tops used to make a yellow dye.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86"
16841,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,105,Karok,71,sg52,387,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"
17295,1901,Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots boiled with basket weeds as a yellow dye.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
17301,1901,Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,209,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots boiled to make a yellow dye.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 209"
17600,1951,Hymenoxys hoopesii (Gray) Bierner,157,Navajo,74,e44,87,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Crushed flowers boiled with juniper ash and used as a yellow dye.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87"
17609,1953,Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floribunda (Gray) Parker,157,Navajo,74,e44,88,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers used as a yellow dye for wool.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 88"
17770,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Whole plant used to make a yellow dye, the material boiled in the mixture with rusty nails.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
17782,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,116,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Material placed in pot of boiling plant juice to dye it yellow.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116"
18619,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,46,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Whole plant used to make a yellow dye.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46"
19986,2153,Letharia vulpina,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,3,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Boiled in water and used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 3"
19988,2153,Letharia vulpina,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,49,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Thalli used to make a yellow dye.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 49"
21740,2355,Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Outer portion of the roots yielded a yellow dye.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
21824,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,30,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a yellow dye.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
21834,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,254,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots or possibly the leaves used for yellow dye.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21839,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Bark scrapings steeped and used as a yellow dye.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
21845,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,85,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Stem and root inner bark used as bright yellow dye for basket materials, wool and porcupine quills.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
21847,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,78,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Root bark shredded, boiled and used as a yellow dye for basketry.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78"
21858,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,241,Skagit,25,g73,30,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a yellow dye.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
21861,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,30,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a yellow dye.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
21875,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Outer bark boiled to make a bright yellow dye used for basket materials.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21879,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21882,2372,Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,219,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used as a yellow buckskin dye.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219"
21888,2372,Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde,97,Hualapai,127,w82,5,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a brilliant yellow dye.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5"
21891,2372,Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde,157,Navajo,74,e44,48,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots and bark used as a yellow dye for buckskin.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 48"
21892,2372,Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde,274,Walapai,2,ws85,219,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used as a yellow basket dye.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219"
21899,2373,Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,49,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Root shavings used to make a yellow dye for hides.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 49"
21909,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,254,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots or possibly the leaves used for yellow dye.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21914,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Bark scrapings steeped and used as a yellow dye.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
21934,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Root bark boiled to make a bright yellow dye used for basket materials.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21951,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a yellow dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
21976,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,105,Karok,70,b81,38,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21987,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,18,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Bark shredded, boiled and used as a brilliant yellow dye.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 18"
22029,2377,Mahonia sp.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,79,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Formerly used to make yellow basket dyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
22034,2377,Mahonia sp.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used to make a yellow dye.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
22301,2394,Malus pumila P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Bark used to make a yellow dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
23085,2493,Mirabilis sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,46,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Petals boiled for about fifteen minutes and used as a muddy yellow dye.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46"
23568,2557,Myrica gale L.,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,114,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Seeds boiled to obtain a yellow dye.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 114"
24312,2620,Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,95,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers chewed with gum to make gum yellow.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 95"
24923,2688,Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,50,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Whole plant used to make a yellow dye.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"
25142,2706,Oxalis corniculata L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,78,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Boiled whole plant used as a yellow dye.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78"
25145,2708,Oxalis montana Raf.,138,Menominee,51,s23,78,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Boiled whole plant used as a yellow dye.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78"
25175,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,78,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Boiled whole plant used as a yellow dye.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78"
25338,2732,Palafoxia arida B.L. Turner & Morris,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,98,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used as a yellow dye.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 98"
26224,2845,Petradoria pumila (Nutt.) Greene,157,Navajo,74,e44,89,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowering tops mixed with wild rhubarb and used as a yellow dye.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89"
26451,2883,Phlox hoodii Richards.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Plant used to make a yellow dye.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
29303,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,143,Missouri River Indian,30,h92,68,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Buds used to make a yellow dye.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29383,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,143,Missouri River Indian,30,h92,68,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Buds used to make a yellow dye.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29399,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,61,Dakota,17,g19,72,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29400,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,61,Dakota,17,g19,72,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Waxy leaf buds boiled to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29412,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Leaf buds used to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
29413,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29423,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,190,Pawnee,17,g19,72,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29424,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,190,Pawnee,17,g19,72,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Waxy leaf buds boiled to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29430,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,205,Ponca,17,g19,72,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
30240,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,374,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Single handful of shredded roots boiled with bloodroot to make a dark yellow dye.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 374"
30541,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,157,Navajo,74,e44,54,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Leaves used as a yellow dye.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 54"
31335,3204,Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Blossoms used to make a yellow dye.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
31336,3204,Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,64,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Boiled, crushed flowers used for yellow paint or dye.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64"
31346,3204,Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene,291,Zuni,6,s15,80,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Blossoms used to make a yellow dye.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80"
32567,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,55,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Bark blended with other oak barks and roots and used to make a yellow dye for buckskins.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 55"
32704,3314,Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,123,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Entire plant boiled with rushes or flags to dye them yellow; used to make mats or baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 123"
32924,3347,Rhus glabra L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,374,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Inner bark, bloodroot and wild plum inner bark used to make a yellow dye.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 374"
32925,3347,Rhus glabra L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,373,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Stalk pulp used to make a light yellow dye.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 373"
32953,3347,Rhus glabra L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,271,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Root used to dye rush mats and woven bark mats yellow.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 271"
32982,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Inner bark used to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
32983,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,99,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
32993,3347,Rhus glabra L.,198,Plains Indian,30,h92,55,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Leaves, bark and roots used to make a yellow-tan dye.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 55"
33011,3347,Rhus glabra L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,99,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
33286,3355,Rhus typhina L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,77,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots boiled for yellow dye.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77"
35143,3476,Rudbeckia hirta L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,117,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Disk florets boiled with rushes to dye them yellow. Rushes used to make woven mats.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 117"
35246,3485,Rumex crispus L.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,172,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Leaves and stems boiled and used as a yellow dye.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 172"
35250,3485,Rumex crispus L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Pounded, dry roots boiled and used as a yellow dye.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
35329,3485,Rumex crispus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Roots pounded, boiled and used to make a yellow dye.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
35382,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,43,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Dried, ground roots used as a yellow dye. The roots were sometimes dried and stored indefinitely.  When ready for use, the dried roots were ground.  By this aging process, various shades were obtained, from a greyed yellow to a dull red.  Several handfuls of the fresh roots boiled in water yield a lemon yellow, and when more of the root was used and boiled longer, a soft orange or orange brown was obtained.  If the mixture was boiled in an iron vessel, the reaction formed a red brown or mahogany dye.  When mixed with indigo, a green dye was produced.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43"
35383,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,43,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Fresh, crushed roots mixed with alum, made into soft paste and rubbed into wool as a gold dye.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43"
35412,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Dry roots crushed, placed in water and used as a yellow dye for basket making.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
35493,3496,Rumex venosus Pursh,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,172,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots and dried leaves boiled and used as a yellow dye.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 172"
36638,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,138,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Stems used to make a yellow dye.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138"
36947,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,374,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Double handful of shredded roots boiled with wild plum roots to make a dark yellow dye.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 374"
36948,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,373,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Green or dried roots pounded and steeped to make a dark yellow dye.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 373"
37050,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Fresh or dried roots used as a dark yellow dye to paint faces with clan marks. The roots were used in four or five combinations in dyeing various materials.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
39279,3886,Tagetes erecta L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers used to make a yellow dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
39654,3914,Tetradymia canescens DC.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers with two other plants used as a yellow dye for wool.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
39822,3945,Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richards.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Yellow petals rubbed on arrow shafts for coloring.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
41924,4064,Usnea sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,211,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used as a source of yellow dye.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
42910,4117,Verbesina sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Petals mixed with white clay and used as a yellow dye for cotton.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43696,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Entire plant crushed and used to make a yellow dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
44623,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,38,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers rubbed into buckskin as a yellow dye.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
44624,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,38,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Flowers, ground with white clay or mixed with warm water, used as yellow dye for wool.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"