id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
12714,1341,Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Warm infusion held in mouth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
12747,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed to cause mouth numbness for toothaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
12753,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,188,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of powdered leaves and roots used for toothaches.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
12754,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,188,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root juice used for toothaches.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
12763,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,61,Dakota,17,g19,131,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant applied to tooth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12771,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,125,Lakota,108,r80,37,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant chewed for toothaches.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 37"
12772,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,125,Lakota,156,k90,47,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed or powdered and used for toothache.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
12789,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant applied to tooth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12799,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant applied to tooth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12809,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant applied to tooth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12814,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,240,"Sioux, Teton",190,d18,270,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root used as toothache remedy.,"Densmore, Frances, 1918, Teton Sioux Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #61, page 270"
12824,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,131,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant applied to tooth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12844,1350,Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,20,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,"Root chewed for toothaches, especially cavities.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 20"
12845,1350,Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,38,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed for toothache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 38"
12848,1350,Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.,60,Crow,30,h92,38,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed for toothache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 38"
12856,1350,Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.,238,Sioux,30,h92,38,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed for toothache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 38"
12865,1352,Echinacea sp.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,521,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root held against tooth for toothaches.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521"
13095,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,69,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,"Decoction of blossoms, leaves and stems held in the mouth for toothaches.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69"
13307,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,33,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of rhizomes and hazel stems given to children for teething.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 33"
13308,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,261,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Raw stems chewed by teething babies.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 261"
13638,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,54,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of twigs taken for toothaches.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 54"
13706,1461,Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Chewed for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
13753,1474,Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,28,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root held between the teeth for toothache.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 28"
13757,1474,Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus,144,Miwok,100,bg33,169,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root chewed and placed in cavity.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 169"
14246,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion held in mouth for toothaches.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
14307,1553,Erysimum capitatum (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"28, 29",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of warmed root applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28, 29"
14370,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,25,California Indian,111,m90,45,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaves used for toothache.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 45"
14384,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,351,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root placed in cavity of tooth for toothaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 351"
14587,1586,Euphorbia corollata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root used for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
14624,1593,Eurybia conspicua (Lindl.) Nesom,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,79,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots applied to the tooth for toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
14874,1635,Fragaria sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,352,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Compound decoction of plant given when 'baby's teeth are coming in.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 352"
14972,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Fruit held in mouth to remove tartar from teeth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
15044,1643,Frangula californica (Eschsch.) Gray,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,376,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Heated root held in the mouth for toothaches.,"Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 376"
15837,1727,Geranium maculatum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,222223,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of root used for aching teeth and sore gums.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 222223"
15865,1731,Geum aleppicum Jacq.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,39,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of root alone or with other herbs used for teething sickness.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 39"
15866,1731,Geum aleppicum Jacq.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,39,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of root used for sore teeth.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 39"
15909,1734,Geum macrophyllum var. perincisum (Rydb.) Raup,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,39,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of root with other herbs used for teething sickness.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 39"
16051,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,61,Dakota,17,g19,92,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root chewed and held in mouth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
16052,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,61,Dakota,91,g13i,365,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root held in the mouth for toothaches.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 365"
16061,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,125,Lakota,156,k90,40,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed for toothache.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 40"
16072,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,190,Pawnee,17,g19,92,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root chewed and held in mouth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
16076,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,238,Sioux,30,h92,35,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed and used for toothache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 35"
16104,1764,Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion held in mouth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
16124,1765,Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion held in mouth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
16264,1785,Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,75,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of plant used as a gargle or plant placed inside the mouth for toothaches.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 75"
16436,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,346,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used as toothache medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 346"
16476,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Beaten leaves held in mouth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
16810,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,54,Cree,145,b41,491,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root held on the sore tooth for toothaches.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 491"
16923,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"85, 86",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Raw root placed in cavities for toothaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86"
16956,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,276,Washo,12,tha41,"85, 86",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Raw root placed in cavities for toothaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86"
17006,1863,Heterotheca villosa var. minor (Hook.) Semple,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of root applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
17018,1864,Heterotheca villosa var. villosa,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of heated root applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
17046,1867,Heuchera bracteata (Torr.) Ser.,157,Navajo,74,e44,52,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Compound poultice of crushed leaves applied to toothaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 52"
17439,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,31,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of heated plants in small bags applied for toothache.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31"
17444,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"26, 76",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of heated herb in bag applied for toothache.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 76"
17452,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,266,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Dried blossoms applied to toothache.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
17575,1944,Hymenopappus filifolius var. lugens (Greene) Jepson,95,Hopi,37,w39,"33, 97",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root chewed for decaying teeth.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 97"
17657,1964,Hypericum hypericoides ssp. hypericoides,96,Houma,49,speck41,55,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark used to pack aching tooth.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 55"
17682,1968,Hypericum scouleri Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,89,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Dried root used for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89"
18025,2011,Iris missouriensis Nutt.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,47,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root put in a hollow tooth for toothaches.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
18037,2011,Iris missouriensis Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"89, 90",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Raw root placed in cavity or against gum for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90"
18047,2011,Iris missouriensis Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"89, 90",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Raw root placed in cavity or against gum for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90"
18174,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Pills from inner bark taken as a cathartic and compound infusion used for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
18199,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,295,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Juice used for toothache.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 295"
18248,2034,Juglans nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark chewed for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
18465,2054,Juniperus communis L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,41,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of branch or wood and other herbs used for teething sickness.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 41"
18735,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"39, 40",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Gum used as a filling for decayed teeth.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 39, 40"
18840,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied to jaw for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18920,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied to jaw for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
19619,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,61,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of plant held in the mouth for toothaches.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 61"
19980,2150,Lesquerella rectipes Woot. & Standl.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of crushed or chewed leaves applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
20493,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,20,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of bark held in the mouth to tighten loose teeth.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 20"
21452,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,41,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Ground root placed in cavity for toothaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 41"
21457,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,42,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of heated root applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42"
21469,2318,Lycium torreyi Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,42,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of heated root applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42"
21798,2366,Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Warm compound decoction of bark held in mouth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
21803,2366,Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,330,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of inner bark 'chewed' for toothaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 330"
21814,2368,Magnolia macrophylla Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Warm compound decoction of bark held in mouth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
22551,2432,Melica imperfecta Trin.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,40,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,"Plant clump used to discard children's milk teeth, 'then another one will grow in.'","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 40"
22632,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,45,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of ground leaves or leafy stems applied to the gums for toothaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 45"
22646,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,64,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaves used for carious teeth.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 64"
22871,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,335,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used as toothache medicine.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 335"
22880,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,36,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,"Poultice of crushed, soaked seeds applied for toothache.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36"
22924,2458,Mentzelia pumila Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,95,Hopi,37,w39,85,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used as 'a toothache medicine.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 85"
23230,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,70,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Used for toothache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70"
23424,2521,Monotropa uniflora L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,46,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Flower chewed for toothaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 46"
23800,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to gum for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23809,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,106,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaves placed on or in a tooth for toothache.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 106"
23902,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant held between the teeth for toothaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23929,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Smoke blown on toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
23968,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Smoke blown on toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
23983,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,152,Montauk,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Tobacco placed in tooth for toothache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
23991,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,211,Rappahannock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Tobacco placed in tooth for toothache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
23993,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Tobacco placed in tooth for toothache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
24115,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Stems placed directly on the tooth for toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
24165,2599,Nymphaea odorata Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Stems placed directly on the tooth for toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
24293,2618,Oenothera caespitosa ssp. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz,95,Hopi,82,c74,337,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used as toothache medicine.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 337"
24999,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,70,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots applied to the tooth for toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 70"
25047,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of raw root applied for toothaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25113,2705,Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of bark held in mouth for toothached.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
25519,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,339,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Beans used for toothaches.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
25520,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,95,Hopi,37,w39,"33, 80",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Beans used for toothaches.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 80"
25528,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,257,Tewa,82,c74,339,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Beans used for toothaches.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
25712,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,41,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed by teething children.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 41"
25806,2796,Pennellia micrantha (Gray) Nieuwl.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,"Poultice of crushed, heated roots applied for toothache.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
25892,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,139,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Raw roots placed on the tooth for severe toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139"
25944,2821,Penstemon sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,114115,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Chewed root inserted into the tooth cavity for pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 114115"
25955,2825,Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis,144,Miwok,100,bg33,170,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Chewed for toothache.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 170"
25979,2829,Pericome caudata Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,52,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of heated root applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52"
26169,2839,Persea planifolia,131,Mahuna,5,r54,25,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion used for toothaches.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 25"
26288,2867,Phaseolus acutifolius Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant bitten and held between teeth for toothache.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26289,2867,Phaseolus acutifolius Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant held between the teeth for toothaches.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26436,2880,Phlox austromontana Coville,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,38,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Crushed plant placed in cavity for toothaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 38"
26443,2881,Phlox caespitosa Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,162,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used as toothache medicine.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 162"
26538,2896,Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnston,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,344,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root chewed for toothaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 344"
26753,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaf clenched between the teeth for toothache.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
26754,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used as toothache medicine.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
26991,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27061,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Cone chewed for toothaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27273,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,265,Tlingit,133,k56,284,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Compound containing warmed seeds used for toothache.,"Krause, Aurel, 1956, The Tlingit Indians. Translated by Erna Gunther, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 284"
28797,3046,Polygala senega L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,51,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root applied directly to a tooth for toothache.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 51"
28974,3074,Polymnia canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,468,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used as toothache medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 468"
29071,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Compound decoction used for toothache and chills.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
29250,3096,Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Taken by 'persons of phlegmatic habits' and used for aching teeth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
29506,3104,Populus nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Taken by 'persons of phlegmatic habits' and used for aching teeth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
29740,3114,Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion used for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
29752,3115,Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion used for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
31041,3185,Psathyrotes annua (Nutt.) Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,124,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Dried leaves chewed for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 124"
31058,3187,Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray,183,Paiute,111,m90,45,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Dry bits chewed for toothache.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 45"
31404,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,183,Paiute,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Stems chewed for toothache or face neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
31526,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,133,Makah,3,g83,224,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Fiddleheads placed on each side of the gums adjacent to the affected tooth for toothaches.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 224"
32374,3285,Quercus rubra L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,25,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant juice used for straightening and setting loose teeth.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 25"
32435,3289,Quercus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,20,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of bark used for toothaches and to tighten loose teeth.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 20"
32643,3299,Ranunculus abortivus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,325,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used for sore teeth.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 325"
32660,3302,Ranunculus bulbosus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root placed in cavity to break up the tooth for a toothache.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
32684,3308,Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus (Chapman) T. Duncan,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root placed in cavity to break up the tooth for a toothache.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
32711,3315,Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of roots taken to 'kill the worms' in sore and hollow teeth.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
33100,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,14,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Fruit chewed for toothaches.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14"
33538,3373,Ribes indecorum Eastw.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,232,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots used for toothaches.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232"
33628,3379,Ribes malvaceum Sm.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,232,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots used for toothaches.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232"
33798,3404,Robinia hispida L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Beaten root held on tooth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
33818,3406,Robinia pseudoacacia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Beaten root held on tooth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
34464,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots used for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
34470,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,57,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of stem and upper part of the roots used for teething sickness.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 57"
34683,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots used for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
34750,3462,Rubus odoratus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots used for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
34991,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,25,g73,35,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of bark applied to aching tooth.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35348,3485,Rumex crispus L.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,261,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Fresh or boiled tuber placed against gum or tooth or decoction held in mouth for toothaches.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 261"
36200,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark chewed for toothaches.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36284,3551,Salix sp.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of mashed roots applied to the gums for toothaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36317,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark chewed for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36597,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,33,steed28,474,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Fresh bark used in hollow tooth for toothaches.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474"
36634,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,138,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of blossoms used for the teeth.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138"
36770,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,33,steed28,474,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Fresh bark used in hollow tooth for toothaches.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474"
36825,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark placed in the hollow of a tooth for toothaches.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
36837,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark placed in the hollow of a tooth for toothaches.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
37117,3582,Sanvitalia abertii Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaves chewed for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
37171,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,129,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Wood or roots heated until burned or blackened and used on aching and decayed teeth.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129"
37940,3659,Shepherdia rotundifolia Parry,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,32,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Ash used as lotion for toothaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 32"
38280,3720,Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.,291,Zuni,6,s15,60,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Chewed root placed in cavity of aching tooth.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 60"
38281,3720,Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,378,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Fruit chewed over sore tooth.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 378"
38312,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,14,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant smoke inhaled for toothaches.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14"
38384,3733,Solidago californica Nutt.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,173,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction held in mouth for toothaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173"
38462,3744,Solidago sp.,3,Alabama,128,swan28,664,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root placed in cavity of tooth for toothaches.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 664"
38463,3744,Solidago sp.,3,Alabama,115,t40,63,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots placed in cavity for toothaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 63"
38512,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,64,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of plant given to children for teething.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 64"
38845,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,142,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of root applied to gums or placed in cavity for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 142"
38902,3825,Stenotus lanuginosus var. lanuginosus,157,Navajo,74,e44,80,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used as a toothache medicine.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 80"
38932,3831,Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb,183,Paiute,12,tha41,102103,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Cottony fuzz placed in cavity of aching tooth.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103"
39157,3861,Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) Nesom,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,14,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Mashed roots applied to the tooth for toothache.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 14"
39209,3876,Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,31,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Chewed root applied to tooth for toothache.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 31"
39210,3876,Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,31,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for teething sickness.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 31"
39254,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,203,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Fine rootlets or root hairs used for toothache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 203"
39339,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Chewed for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
39361,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,7,h77,476,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Flower stem chewed for worms in the teeth that cause decay.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 476"
39419,3898,Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,66,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,"Mashed, ground root placed on hot rock and cheek laid on rock for toothache.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"
39789,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,157,Navajo,74,e44,89,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of leaves and stems taken for the teeth.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89"
39848,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,130,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of crushed branches used as a steam for toothache.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 130"
39884,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Gum used to fill cavities and for tooth pain.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
39901,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,62,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Gum used for toothache.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62"
39956,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,19,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Buds chewed for toothaches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40576,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,173174,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaves chewed and placed in cavity or around aching tooth.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173174"
41108,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,265,Tlingit,133,k56,284,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Compound containing warmed seeds used for toothache.,"Krause, Aurel, 1956, The Tlingit Indians. Translated by Erna Gunther, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 284"
41597,4053,Ulmus sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,660,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,"Unknown plant part, possibly branches, used for toothache.","Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 660"
42594,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,183,Paiute,153,k32,197,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Powdered roots rubbed on the face for toothaches.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197"
42754,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,154,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant made into a magical necklace and worn by children for teething.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154"
42755,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,171,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots used to make a necklace worn by teething babies.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 171"
42756,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Used by children for teething.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
42811,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,431,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied to face for toothaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 431"
42938,4119,Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of root used for loose teeth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42948,4121,Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of root used for loose teeth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
43038,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for sickness associated with teething.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
44299,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,3,Alabama,115,t40,35,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Inner bark put into cavity and packed around the tooth for toothaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 35"
44300,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,3,Alabama,128,swan28,663,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Pounded inner bark used for toothache.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663"
44312,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root bark held against tooth for toothache.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
44313,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,48,Comanche,143,j68,6,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots pulverized and used for toothache.,"Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 6"
44330,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,"Bark smoked, chewed or placed into the tooth for toothaches.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44347,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244245,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Powdered inner bark used for toothache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245"
44358,4242,Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,61,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of grated root and bark applied to aching teeth.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 61"
44541,4245,Zephyranthes sp.,228,Seminole,88,s54,304,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of bulbs used for toothaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 304"
44567,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of bulb used for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44574,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of bulb used for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44579,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,276,Washo,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of bulb used for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44618,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots cooked and used in the tooth hollow for toothaches.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"