id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
527,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap boiled to make a type of maple syrup.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
554,27,Acer negundo L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,4,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap boiled or frozen and used as a sweet syrup.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4"
604,32,Acer rubrum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,99,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap used to make syrup.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 99"
668,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,98,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap used to make syrup.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 98"
691,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used to make maple syrup.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
698,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap used to make maple syrup and maple sugar.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
1145,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,183,Paiute,111,m90,32,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Ground seeds used for sauce.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 32"
1747,89,Agave americana L.,193,Pima,104,r08,70,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Juice boiled and used as a syrup.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 70"
1965,125,Aletes anisatus (Gray) Theobald & Tseng,101,Isleta,19,c35,47,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Leaves eaten fresh as a relish.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47"
1966,125,Aletes anisatus (Gray) Theobald & Tseng,101,Isleta,76,j31,40,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Raw leaves eaten as a relish.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40"
2025,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Leaves eaten as a relish.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2040,134,Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Leaves eaten as a relish.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2069,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,61,Dakota,17,g19,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2072,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2075,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2078,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2081,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,280,Winnebago,17,g19,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2120,141,Allium cernuum Roth,76,Flathead,30,h92,10,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Bulbs used as condiments.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10"
2132,141,Allium cernuum Roth,120,Kutenai,30,h92,10,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Bulbs used as condiments.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10"
2140,141,Allium cernuum Roth,157,Navajo,121,l86,29,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Bulbs used to make gravies.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 29"
2207,155,Allium platycaule S. Wats.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Leaves eaten as a relish.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2210,156,Allium pleianthum S. Wats.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Green leaves eaten as a relish.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
3115,210,Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
4356,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries used to make a gelatinous substance and eaten like aspic.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4374,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries used to make a gelatinous substance and eaten like aspic.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4464,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries used to make a gelatinous substance and eaten like aspic.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4579,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,76,Flathead,30,h92,40,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries dried, powdered and used as a condiment with deer liver.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4921,377,Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,36,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Root used as a condiment.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 36"
6206,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,66,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Flowers boiled with soup or meat, flour added and eaten as a gravy.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66"
6212,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,60,Crow,30,h92,66,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Flowers boiled with soup or meat, flour added and eaten as a gravy.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66"
6389,450,Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
7146,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,80,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap used to make syrup.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 80"
7186,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Sap collected, made into syrup and eaten on bannock.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7856,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,76,Flathead,30,h92,14,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Boiled with flour and eaten as a thick gravy.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14"
7876,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,41,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Bulbs pit cooked, dried, ground and mixed with water and butter to make a 'gravy.'","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
8010,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,1,Abnaki,84,r47,152,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used as a condiment.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152"
8015,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,86,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Ground root put into vinegar for use as a relish.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 86"
8044,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2207,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Ground roots mixed with salt, sugar or vinegar and used as a condiment or relish.","Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2207"
8168,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,19,c35,19,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits boiled to make a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
8169,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
8189,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,11,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 11"
8204,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,104,r08,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fresh or dried fruits boiled and used as a syrup.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71"
8205,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,19,c35,20,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fresh or dried fruits boiled to make a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 20"
8206,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Pulp boiled, seeds strained, boiled again and sealed in jars until thick as honey.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8207,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Ripe, dried fruits shaped into balls, boiled and used to make a syrup.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8219,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,4,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Pulp used to make syrup.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4"
8290,763,Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Nuts pounded, boiled, resulting oil seasoned with salt and used as gravy.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8345,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Nuts pounded, boiled, resulting oil seasoned with salt and used as gravy.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8430,774,Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Nuts pounded, boiled, resulting oil seasoned with salt and used as gravy.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8990,847,Cetraria cucullata (Bellard) Ach.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used as a condiment for fish or duck soup.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
10124,999,Claytonia cordifolia S. Wats.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,16,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Eaten raw as a relish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16"
10143,1004,Claytonia parviflora Dougl. ex Hook.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,16,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Eaten raw as a relish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16"
10158,1006,Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,16,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Eaten raw as a relish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16"
10289,1025,Cleome multicaulis DC.,157,Navajo,74,e44,51,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Leaves used to make a gravy.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 51"
10552,1057,Condalia hookeri var. hookeri,193,Pima,174,h08,262,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries cooked, strained and juice boiled to make syrup.","Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262"
10740,1086,Coriandrum sativum L.,95,Hopi,72,f96,20,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Plant dipped into a stew and eaten as a condiment.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 20"
10744,1086,Coriandrum sativum L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,66,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Powdered seeds ground with chile and used a condiment with meat.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66"
11207,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Nuts pounded, boiled, resulting oil seasoned with salt and used as gravy.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
11416,1128,Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
11453,1133,Crataegus submollis Sarg.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
11564,1157,Cucumis melo L.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,222,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit boiled with sugar and eaten like apple sauce.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222"
11686,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,221,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit boiled and eaten with sugar as a sauce.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221"
11716,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Dried flesh pounded into a fine meal or flour, boiled, sweetened, grease added and used as a sauce.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
12904,1363,Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm.,101,Isleta,19,c35,26,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Pulp baked with sugar to make sweet pickles.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26"
12914,1364,Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus,101,Isleta,19,c35,26,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Pulp baked with sugar to make sweet pickles.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26"
14678,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Nuts pounded, boiled, resulting oil seasoned with salt and used as gravy.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
14917,1637,Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
14977,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,56,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries used on shortcake.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56"
14992,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
15565,1701,Gaultheria ovatifolia Gray,94,Hoh,77,r36,67,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
15568,1701,Gaultheria ovatifolia Gray,209,Quileute,77,r36,67,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
15609,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
15739,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries dried, soaked in cold water, heated slowly and used as a winter sauce.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
15740,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
15741,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fruits dried, soaked in water and used as a sauce.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
16558,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,48,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Seeds ground into flour and used to make a thick gravy.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48"
18208,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Nuts pounded, boiled, resulting oil seasoned with salt and used as gravy.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
18289,2034,Juglans nigra L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Nuts pounded, boiled, resulting oil seasoned with salt and used as gravy.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
18323,2036,Juglans sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Walnuts pulverized, mixed with mescal juice and used as dip for corn bread.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
18611,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,45,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fruit roasted, water added and the mixture made into a gravy.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45"
19076,2063,Juniperus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries pounded with yucca fruit to make a gravy.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
19536,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,22,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap used to make a sweet syrup.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22"
19540,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,22,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap used to make a sweet syrup.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22"
20487,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used to make honey.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
20785,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,66,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Young shoots eaten raw as a relish, alone or with meat.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 66"
21321,2292,Lupinus latifolius Lindl. ex J.G. Agardh,144,Miwok,100,bg33,159,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Steamed, dried leaves and flowers boiled and used as a relish with manzanita cider.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159"
21424,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,2,Acoma,19,c35,33,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries cooked into a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33"
21438,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,52,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Cooked berries made into a syrup.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
21439,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,124,Laguna,19,c35,33,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries cooked into a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33"
22199,2390,Malus coronaria var. coronaria,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
22311,2394,Malus pumila P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
22656,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,95,Hopi,72,f96,19,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Plant eaten as a relish.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 19"
22881,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,183,Paiute,111,m90,27,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fried seeds and water used for gravy.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 27"
22906,2453,Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Torr. & Gray,183,Paiute,111,m90,27,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fried seeds and water used for gravy.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 27"
23149,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
23472,2530,Morus microphylla Buckl.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,47,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries dried and used as a spread on mescal.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 47"
23499,2532,Morus rubra L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
24255,2613,Oenothera albicaulis Pursh,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,45,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Seeds ground and made into a gravy.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45"
24622,2653,Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck,188,Papago,104,r08,75,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits used to make syrup.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 75"
24842,2670,Opuntia sp.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,222,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Juice mixed with sugar and used to make syrup.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222"
24850,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
24851,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Pulp mashed with sticks, juice squeezed, strained, boiled, strained again and used as a syrup.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
25217,2713,Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used to make honey.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
25450,2737,Panicum bulbosum Kunth,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,48,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Seeds ground, made into gravy and mixed with meat.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48"
25460,2739,Panicum hirticaule J. Presl,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,175,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Seeds ground into a meal and used to make gravy.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 175"
25463,2740,Panicum obtusum Kunth,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,48,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Seeds ground, made into gravy and mixed with meat.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48"
25608,2766,Pectis angustifolia Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,74,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Plant used as a condiment.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 74"
25623,2767,Pectis papposa Harvey & Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,249,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fresh plant dipped in salted water and eaten with mush or cornmeal as a condiment.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249"
26666,2913,Physalis hederifolia var. fendleri (Gray) Cronq.,291,Zuni,6,s15,70,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fruit boiled in small quantities of water, crushed and used as a condiment.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70"
26670,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,61,Dakota,91,g13i,362,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit made into a sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 362"
26671,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,61,Dakota,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26681,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26683,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26685,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26717,2919,Physalis sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,9,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries used to make relish.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 9"
26721,2919,Physalis sp.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
27967,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,115,Klamath,66,c97,89,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Cambium layer scraped off and eaten as a relish.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89"
28703,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
28852,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,45,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Stalks boiled into a sauce and used on cooked fish.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 45"
28853,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,45,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Stalks boiled, mixed with oil and sugar and used as a sauce for dumplings, cake or sweet breads.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 45"
28878,3053,Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michx.,238,Sioux,73,b05,18,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Young shoots eaten in the spring as a relish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"
29699,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,131,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Plant dried, crushed and sprinkled on various foods as a condiment.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 131"
30250,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,364,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit made into a sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 364"
30251,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,61,Dakota,17,g19,87,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Highly valued fruit cooked as a sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30259,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
30286,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Highly valued fruit cooked as a sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30291,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,87,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Highly valued fruit cooked as a sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30295,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Highly valued fruit cooked as a sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30300,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,87,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Highly valued fruit cooked as a sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30456,3171,Prunus nigra Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
30498,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
30533,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
30553,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,61,Dakota,17,g19,88,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make a sauce during the fruiting season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
30558,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,177,Omaha,17,g19,88,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make a sauce during the fruiting season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
30560,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,190,Pawnee,17,g19,88,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make a sauce during the fruiting season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
30562,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,205,Ponca,17,g19,88,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make a sauce during the fruiting season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
30627,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
30772,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,53,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make pancake syrup.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 53"
30796,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
30866,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make syrup.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
31826,3247,Pyrus communis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
31834,3248,Pyrus sp.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,94,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits cut up and used as sauce.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 94"
33141,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,101,Isleta,76,j31,41,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Sour, acid flavored fruits eaten as an appetizer or relish.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41"
33325,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
33469,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Green berries boiled into a thick sauce and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33564,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,183,Paiute,98,m53,77,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit eaten raw or boiled into a sauce.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 77"
33756,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,105,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries mixed with rosehips and highbush cranberries and boiled into a catsup or syrup.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 105"
33760,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
33848,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,352,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Leaves eaten as a relish.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352"
33867,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,89,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Rose hip juice used to make syrups.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 89"
33868,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,89,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Rose hip pulp, with seeds and skins removed, used to make ketchups.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 89"
33878,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,101,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used to make syrup.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 101"
33921,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Hips used to make syrup. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34252,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Hips used to make syrup. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34369,3444,Rubus canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
34537,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
34711,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,95,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries dried, soaked in cold water, heated slowly and used as a winter sauce.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 95"
34712,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
34713,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,95,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fruits dried, soaked in water and used as a sauce.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 95"
34772,3462,Rubus odoratus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
34902,3468,Rubus pubescens var. pubescens,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
34933,3469,Rubus sp.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,95,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fruits dried, soaked in sugared water, cooked and eaten as a sauce.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 95"
35076,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,22,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries cooked as sauce for dumplings.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 22"
35077,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,22,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fresh berries mashed as topping for ice cream.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 22"
36642,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,138,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries cooked into a rich sauce.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138"
36718,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries dried, soaked in cold water, heated slowly and used as a winter sauce.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
36719,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries used as a sauce.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
36720,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
36882,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,94,Hoh,77,r36,69,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits used to make a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 69"
36905,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,209,Quileute,77,r36,69,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits used to make a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 69"
37386,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Roots boiled with water and made into a syrup.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
37783,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,57,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits used to make a meat flavoring sauce.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 57"
38136,3703,Sium suave Walt.,115,Klamath,66,c97,102,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Herbage eaten as a relish.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
38139,3703,Sium suave Walt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,24,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Herbage has an aromatic flavor and eaten as a relish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 24"
38346,3728,Solanum triflorum Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Ripe fruit boiled, ground, mixed with ground chile & salt & eaten as a condiment with mush or bread.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71"
38591,3765,Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor,95,Hopi,37,w39,66,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used as a sweet syrup.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 66"
38873,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
38884,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,11,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 11"
41640,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,349,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Nuts eaten as a relish.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349"
41641,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,349,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Nuts used as a condiment.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349"
41968,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
42020,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
42022,4075,Vaccinium deliciosum Piper,94,Hoh,77,r36,67,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42025,4075,Vaccinium deliciosum Piper,209,Quileute,77,r36,67,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42038,4076,Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
42122,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,94,Hoh,77,r36,67,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42134,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,209,Quileute,77,r36,67,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42165,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,94,Hoh,77,r36,68,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
42200,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,209,Quileute,77,r36,68,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
42219,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,94,Hoh,77,r36,67,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42239,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,209,Quileute,77,r36,67,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42264,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries boiled with dried fruit & eaten with meat or used as topping for ice cream, yogurt or cake.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42265,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour and eaten with meats.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42266,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour into a topping for hotcakes or bread.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42267,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Whole or mashed berries used cooked or raw, whipped with fat and made into a sauce.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42277,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
42316,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,94,Hoh,77,r36,68,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
42341,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,209,Quileute,77,r36,68,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries stewed and made into a sauce.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
42386,4087,Vaccinium sp.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries dried, soaked in cold water, heated slowly and used as a winter sauce.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
42387,4087,Vaccinium sp.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fruits dried, soaked in water and used as a sauce.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
42419,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,78,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berry pudding used as a topping for hotcakes, bread or desserts.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 78"
42435,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,109,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries cooked as a sauce.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 109"
42445,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,86,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries boiled with dried fruit & eaten with meat or used as topping for ice cream, yogurt or cake.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86"
42446,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,86,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour and eaten with meats.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86"
42447,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,86,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour into a topping for hotcakes or bread.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86"
42448,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,86,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Whole or mashed berries used cooked or raw, whipped with fat and made into a sauce.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86"
43051,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries used to make catsup, syrup, juice, jam or jelly.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
43085,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,201,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit made into a sauce with the seeds strained and cornstarch added.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 201"
43104,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
43142,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,141,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fresh and dried fruits used as an acid sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 141"
43162,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
43498,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
43778,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,54,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruits dissolved in water and used as a dip.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43784,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,18,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Baked fruit pounded to a pulp, drained and juice poured over cakes.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18"
43801,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a syrup and placed on fruits before drying.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43805,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit pounded together to make gravy.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
43851,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Soaked, cooked fruit made into a syrup and used as hot chocolate.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43863,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,54,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruits dissolved in water and used as a dip.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43884,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,121,l86,31,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes mixed with water to make a syrup and eaten with meat and bread.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 31"
43885,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,58,bc41,20,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit pulp made into cakes and mixed with water to make a syrup eaten with meat or bread.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 20"
43989,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,19,c35,54,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Flesh cooked, made into pats, sun dried and mixed with water to form a syrup.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
44115,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,76,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Dried, fruit cakes made into a syrup.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76"
44116,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Soaked, cooked fruit make into a syrup and used as hot chocolate.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
44177,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,14,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Pods boiled in water and made into pickles.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 14"
44268,4237,Yucca torreyi Shafer,10,Apache,58,bc41,18,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Baked fruit pounded to a pulp, drained and juice poured over cakes.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18"
44286,4238,Yucca whipplei Torr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,58,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Stalks pit roasted and used to make a syrup.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 58"
44416,4244,Zea mays L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Seeds used to make succotash.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71"
44659,4257,Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,19,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits boiled to a syrup and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19"
44675,4258,Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,11,c49,50,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries boiled and used to make a syrup.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"