id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
41,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as mats on the tent floor.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
75,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
92,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used to make beds.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
114,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,121,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Needles used to make pillows, believing that the aroma kept one from having a cold.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121"
181,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as a bedding base in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
184,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,183,Paiute,98,m53,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for beds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44"
209,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
210,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used for bedding.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
292,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as a bedding base in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
295,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Branches used as floor of sweathouse, after swimming to keep feet clean and when butchering a deer.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
296,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Heated branches used to make a warm bed.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
311,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs valued as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
466,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
489,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves made into mats and used to cover the layers of dried salmon stored for the winter in baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
1848,96,Agave sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Cut, split leaves used to make cradle mats.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 55"
1870,97,Agave utahensis Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,37,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibers used to make blankets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 37"
1958,122,Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
2665,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,5,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches with leaves used for steambath switches and as a floor covering in the steambath.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
3194,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3195,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3196,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3851,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,89,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used as twined weft rows for mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 89"
5126,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5145,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,76,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used in a baby's board or cradle as padding and kept the baby cool on hot days.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
5157,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5168,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5171,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5205,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5264,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5288,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5290,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5292,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5308,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5336,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to cover the floor of the sweat lodge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
5436,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5447,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5471,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5472,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5503,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5805,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous bark used in weaving mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5839,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,57,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make cushions for the worshippers in the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
6049,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants mixed with sphagnum and used as bedding for infants.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
6064,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as a bedding for infants.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
6065,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants mixed with sphagnum and used as bedding for infants.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
7032,563,Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,53,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding and pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
7116,577,Betula nana L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used for 'springs' under skin bedding.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
7117,577,Betula nana L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used for 'springs' under skin bedding.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
7382,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for bedding.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
7597,641,Bromus tectorum L.,183,Paiute,98,m53,51,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used under bedding when camping.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 51"
7628,657,Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used to make mattresses when nothing else was available.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
8106,752,Carex sp.,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
8112,752,Carex sp.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,9,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9"
9071,859,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used to make pillows for the sweathouse.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
9075,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used for weaving mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
9081,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark woven into blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9089,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"
9098,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark pounded and used to make fine quality blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9099,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9116,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
9123,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,65,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark pounded and spun to make blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
9130,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9305,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,210,Quinault,25,g73,41,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton combined with duck feathers and used as blankets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
9309,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,243,Skokomish,25,g73,41,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton combined with duck feathers and used as blankets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
9722,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,319,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fiber used occasionally for bedding.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
9827,938,Cibotium chamissoi Kaulfuss,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,43,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Down used for pillows.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 43"
12045,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to fill pillows.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
12075,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves twilled into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
12076,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Used to make large, tough sleeping mats, cradle mats and back mats for the carrying frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
12080,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,193,Pima,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves twilled into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
12711,1340,Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
12718,1342,Dryopteris sp.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,82,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 82"
12981,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,99,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark twisted to make blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 99"
12996,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12997,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Inner bark stripped off, shredded and the fiber used to make mats.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
13019,1378,Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,36,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Used as bedding, for pillows and for sitting on in the sweathouse.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 36"
13151,1404,Ephedra sp.,89,Havasupai,58,bc41,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Twigs used to make drying mat for pulp.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 17"
13378,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,143,Missouri River Indian,30,h92,58,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 58"
13480,1428,Equisetum sp.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Blades used as dog bedding.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 56"
13616,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used to carpet the sweathouse floor.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
14192,1537,Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried leaves and stems woven into soft mats or covers for coarse grass mattresses.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
14198,1538,Eriophorum angustifolium ssp. subarcticum (Vassiljev) Hult‚n ex Kartesz & Gandhi,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","'Female' stems dried, split and used for weaving.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
14651,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for making bedding.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16151,1770,Gramineae sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,8,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Blades placed on the floor of sweathouses and camp shelters to sit on.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8"
16152,1770,Gramineae sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,8,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried plant placed on top of spruce boughs and used as a mattress and dog bedding.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8"
16153,1770,Gramineae sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,8,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding and insulation in foot gear.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8"
16154,1770,Gramineae sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,8,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to weave mats.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8"
17243,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17244,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17245,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17246,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17260,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
17550,1937,Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
18118,2017,Iris versicolor L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,120,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to weave mats.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120"
18333,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used in the weaving of mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
18335,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for weaving mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13"
18349,2041,Juncus dudleyi Wieg.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Tiny rush used in the finest mat work and for small pieces.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
18356,2042,Juncus effusus L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,125,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Rushes used for weaving small table mats and other larger mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 125"
18385,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems and leaves used as stuffing.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18389,2049,Juncus stygius L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to weave mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18557,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18558,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18585,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used to form a carpet for the Holy Lodge dancer of the Sun Dance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
18603,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18604,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19117,2063,Juniperus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make blankets and passageway curtains.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17"
19146,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
19175,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19176,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
20067,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass used for beds in lodges made from sticks when on war parties.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
20075,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used as bedding and horse feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
20076,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to cover the floor of sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
20103,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried, brown leaves woven into mats, baskets and tote sacks.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
20403,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,115,Klamath,66,c97,99,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems made into strings and cords used to make mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99"
20408,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark fibers used as the warp for mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
20972,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves finely divided and used as a padding in child carriers.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
20973,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Leaves used as padding, especially in children's cradles, to cause them to sleep a lot.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
21358,2305,Lupinus sericeus Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants used for bedding and as flooring in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
21386,2308,Lupinus sulphureus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants used for bedding and as flooring in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
21391,2310,Lupinus wyethii S. Wats.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants used for bedding and as flooring in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
22489,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,60,Crow,30,h92,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Plants dried, crushed and used to line baby cradles.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23"
23266,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,186,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems and flowers used as fragrant pillow stuffing by young girls from puberty to marriage.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186"
24004,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,51,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass used as tipi ground covering.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 51"
24012,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into a coarse mat and used for drying mescal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
24029,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used to make mats.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
24039,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,61,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make matting to cover the dead.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 61"
24048,2592,Nolina sp.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,48,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass made into mats and used in cradles.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 48"
24396,2635,Onoclea sp.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,82,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 82"
25108,2703,Osmunda sp.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,82,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 82"
25448,2736,Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Zucc.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,41,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mats.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 41"
26172,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton like seed heads formerly used for mattress stuffing with duck and goose feathers.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26183,2841,Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton like seed heads formerly used for mattress stuffing with duck and goose feathers.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26576,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,209,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems used to make mats for drying yucca fruit pulp, baked mescal, peaches or figs.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209"
26607,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Extensively used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
26616,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,193,Pima,11,c49,75,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75"
26628,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Extensively used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
26629,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,142,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems twined together to make food drying mats similar to those of tule stems.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 142"
26864,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,183,Paiute,98,m53,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for camping beds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44"
26907,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tent flooring.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
26924,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used as flooring in tents.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
26969,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
26980,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used to make beds.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
27021,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,2,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used for camp mattresses and dog bedding.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"
27022,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,2,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the floor of camp buildings to sit on.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"
27070,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the ground as flooring in tipis and in front of the tent door as a door mat.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27082,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used as flooring in tents.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
27109,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
27112,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used to make beds.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
27216,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make mats.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27280,2939,Picea sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used to make tent floor coverings.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69"
27377,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Boughs used on the ground or floor, covered with blankets and other bedding and used as a bed.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
28135,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,149,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used for bedding and floor covering.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 149"
28255,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Boughs used on the ground or floor, covered with blankets and other bedding and used as a bed.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
28671,3032,Poa sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried leaves used for winter bedding for dogs.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
28672,3032,Poa sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried, split leaves used for weaving.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
29100,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves tied with maple bark and used for mattresses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29104,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,32,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Long, straight fronds used as bedding before mats or mattresses were used.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32"
29123,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,62,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fronds laid side by side several layers thick and used as a 'place mat' for food at feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
29130,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used as a mat under fish when cleaning and cutting.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 56"
29138,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,209,Quileute,25,g73,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for mattresses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29146,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Large, fleshy leaves used to cover floors.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
29153,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,289,Yurok,70,b81,46,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for bedding.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
29289,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Seed 'wool' spun and used to make blankets and toques.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
29346,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cottony seed fluff used for stuffing mattresses and pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29997,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,229,Seri,29,d44,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Root strips made into doughnut shaped head pads used to balance earthen water jars on the heads.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"
30388,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark split and used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
30419,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark softened and used to make mats.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
30420,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark split and used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
31184,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,183,Paiute,98,m53,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for camping beds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44"
31217,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as floor coverings for lodges and sweathouses. The boughs were generally mixed with juniper and sagebrush branches for the sweat house floor coverings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31218,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used in the sweat lodge as a mat for scrubbing the skin. The scrubbing mats prevented them from having body odor and made them feel fresh and clean.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31478,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fronds used for bedding while camping.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
31496,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding in camp.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
31541,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,251,Squaxin,25,g73,14,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for camp bedding.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
31627,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark made into loosely twisted ropes and used to make sleeping mats.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
31628,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft bark used in a thick layer in infants' cradleboards.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
31649,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,37,w39,78,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark from large stems used as the padding for cradle boards.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 78"
31650,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,82,c74,304,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used as padding for the cradle board.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 304"
31656,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,157,Navajo,74,e44,53,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Softened bark used as backing for cradle boards and as stuffing for pillows.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53"
31665,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Shredded bark used for bedding or stuffed into a sack for pillows.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
31689,3231,Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Shredded bark used as bedding for cradleboard.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31"
32568,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mattress bedding.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 55"
33309,3356,Rhytidiadelphus loreus (Hedw.) Warnst.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
34019,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,504,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Twigs put in the beds of widows and widowers during the period of their widowhood.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"
35647,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,37,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood made into mattresses and used to keep beds above the ground.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37"
35807,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Young branches used to make mats.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 67"
35810,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,135,Mandan,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats and used in the sweat tepees.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35854,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,108,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used as padding in baby cradles.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
35865,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35866,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35989,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,135,Mandan,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats and used in the sweat tepees.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
36216,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used to make mattresses for tipis.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36328,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark of dead trees used to make mats and fiber blankets.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
37365,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems pressed flat between the fingers and used to make household mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
37370,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,53,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried stems used to make mats; excellent mattresses.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
37375,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,105,Karok,71,sg52,380,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for making matting.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
37376,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,114,Klallam,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
37380,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used for mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
37383,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,133,Makah,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
37385,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used for making mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
37392,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Tall, round stems sun dried and sewn together to make mats, sleeping compartments and mattresses.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 81"
37402,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37403,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make twined mats for the insides of houses.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37404,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37421,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,245,Snohomish,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
37426,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make mats. Food was placed on tule mats in order to dry it. The mats were also used as place mats for eating, as floor covering in lodges, as room partitions in pit houses, as walls for summer lodges and as mattresses and pillows.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37444,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,73,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Flat, fibrous leaves dried and used to make mats.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 73"
37450,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37451,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make twined mats for the insides of houses.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37452,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37471,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to make mats.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37479,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used for weaving floor and wall mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
37480,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
37486,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,61,Dakota,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37493,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems sewn with cord, made into mats & used as rugs, meat platters, cradle linings & sleeping mats.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"
37498,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,125,Lakota,108,r80,26,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 26"
37502,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,138,Menominee,51,s23,74,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bleached, sun dried rushes used to weave mats.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 74"
37503,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,268,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Long, bleached and dyed rushes used to make mats.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268"
37504,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Rushes used for the best mats. The bleached rushes were immersed in water for a few days and then cleansed.  They selected long rushes, with small diameters, so that the pith content was small.  When the mat was in service, such fibers were not readily crushed.  The rush, when gathered, is an intense green, white only at the base where it stands in water.  All rushes were first bleached pure white, and afterwards colored as desired.  They were pulled, rather than cut, in order to obtain the maximum length.  When thoroughly bleached and dried, they dyed them with white men's dyes.  Formerly they used native dyes, which they really preferred.  The bleached rushes predominated in any rug, and were ivory-white in color.  The finished rug or mat was three feet wide and from four to eight feet long, and sold for from $8 to $30 in 1923.  The edge was bound securely with nettle fiber cord.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37505,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,177,Omaha,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37506,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37507,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,205,Ponca,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37510,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,112,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Entire, dyed stem used to make mats.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112"
37513,3610,Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Small rushes used for a certain kind of mat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37514,3610,Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,118,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting tops used as a resilient material for stuffing and making pillows.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 118"
37525,3612,Scirpus nevadensis S. Wats.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems woven into mats and used like blankets on wooden mattresses.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
37530,3614,Scirpus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stalks used for bedding, mats and weaving materials.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
37549,3614,Scirpus sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,52,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 52"
37552,3614,Scirpus sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass-like herbs used extensively for table mats.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
38688,3782,Sphagnum dusenii C. Jens.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Moss gathered and dried to make mattresses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
38689,3783,Sphagnum sp.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
38695,3783,Sphagnum sp.,36,Chinook,25,g73,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding in camp.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
38702,3783,Sphagnum sp.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,124,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried moss used for making pillows and mattresses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 124"
38777,3805,Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass bunches fastened together to make mats for covering hatchways and other openings in the house.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
39940,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39946,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,31,Chehalis,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark finely shredded and used as padding for infants' cradles, sanitary pads and towels.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
39954,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to pad cradles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39963,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
39964,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39968,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39986,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats to sit on.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39987,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40015,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave mats.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40032,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to line cradles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40065,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous bark used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40066,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
40085,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark cut into narrow strips and woven into mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40086,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to line baby cradles.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40122,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40123,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark woven with dog hair and cottonwood bast fiber to make blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40147,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark used, when tule not available, for weaving mats.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20"
40154,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,176,Okanagon,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark and stems used to make mats and blankets.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
40171,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous tissue used for weaving mats and screens.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40199,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,209,Quileute,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to line cradles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40226,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Inner bark soaked, beaten to separate the fibers and used to make mats and bedding.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40266,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark piled up and used as a bed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
40267,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark and stems used to make mats and blankets.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
40268,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Inner root softened, split into strips and used to make mats.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
40279,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40280,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40292,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40293,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40361,3959,Tilia americana L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,76,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Basswood fiber used for matting.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 76"
40369,3959,Tilia americana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark two-ply cord used to make mats.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
40379,3959,Tilia americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark fiber used for spinning cordage and weaving matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
40400,3963,Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,59,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried fibers twisted and used to make floor mats.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 59"
40541,3987,Tragopogon sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,185,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fluffy pappus of fruits used to make 'cotton' for stuffing pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 185"
40994,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as a mattress when camping.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"
41099,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used for camping beds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44"
41106,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,500,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant branches and leaves used for bedding.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"
41121,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Green leaves woven into mats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41122,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Silky down used as stuffing for pillows.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41141,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
41142,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41171,4049,Typha latifolia L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,132,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wool used to stuff mattresses.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 132"
41176,4049,Typha latifolia L.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,46,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for lodge floor covering.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46"
41186,4049,Typha latifolia L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,142,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stalks used as matting materials and bedding.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142"
41193,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41194,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41202,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
41204,4049,Typha latifolia L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
41211,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41212,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41220,4049,Typha latifolia L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Down used for filling pillows, padding cradles and quilting baby wrappings.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
41221,4049,Typha latifolia L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used by children to make mats while playing. The leaves became very brittle once dried and therefore were not put to serious use by adults.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
41226,4049,Typha latifolia L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,58,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried leaves used in making mattresses.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
41227,4049,Typha latifolia L.,95,Hopi,27,cu35,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make sleeping mats.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 56"
41235,4049,Typha latifolia L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Flowers used to stuff pillows.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 107"
41242,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41243,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41244,4049,Typha latifolia L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,90,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting spike down used as a stuffing material for pillows.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 90"
41245,4049,Typha latifolia L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,90,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used in the manufacture of mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 90"
41247,4049,Typha latifolia L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,275,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 275"
41251,4049,Typha latifolia L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,32,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fluffy fruits made into a waterproof quilt and placed over sheeting used for babies.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 32"
41257,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41258,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens and mattresses.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41260,4049,Typha latifolia L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,310,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Down of the fruiting parts used for bedding.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 310"
41263,4049,Typha latifolia L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,77,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mats to cover the winter lodges.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77"
41267,4049,Typha latifolia L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fuzz of the fruit used for pillows and comfort material.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
41270,4049,Typha latifolia L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruit spike 'down' used for bedding.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
41271,4049,Typha latifolia L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for matting.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
41272,4049,Typha latifolia L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Leaves used to make mats for tipis, sweatbaths and Sundance lodges.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 60"
41279,4049,Typha latifolia L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,14,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make bed mats.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14"
41286,4049,Typha latifolia L.,163,Nimpkish,63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
41291,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Blades used to weave mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
41292,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fuzz or seed used to make a quilt and the quilt used to make a sleeping bag.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41293,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fuzz or seed used to make mattresses and sleeping bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41294,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make wind and rain-proof mats placed on the sides of the medicine lodge.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41309,4049,Typha latifolia L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves and stems used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
41325,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
41326,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41362,4049,Typha latifolia L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,114,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Catkins used to make an infant's quilt.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114"
41363,4049,Typha latifolia L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,124,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fuzzy seeds used to make a soft comforter on which to place a newborn infant.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 124"
41367,4049,Typha latifolia L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41368,4049,Typha latifolia L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41371,4049,Typha latifolia L.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,77,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Flat leaves sun dried and woven into mats for insulating winter house walls and kneeling in canoes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
41373,4049,Typha latifolia L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton used for pillows and mattresses.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
41374,4049,Typha latifolia L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Used to make mats for bedding, drying berries and for meal times.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
41382,4049,Typha latifolia L.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41383,4049,Typha latifolia L.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41387,4049,Typha latifolia L.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41388,4049,Typha latifolia L.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41392,4049,Typha latifolia L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Downy seed fluff used in quilts and as a substitute for feathers in stuffing pillows and mattresses. The seed fluff was considered to be 'really warm.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144"
41393,4049,Typha latifolia L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting heads substituted for down and used in stuffing pillows and making beds.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
41394,4049,Typha latifolia L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves and stems made into twined mats and used as mattresses and placemats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144"
41395,4049,Typha latifolia L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves and stems stripped and made into mats.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
41396,4049,Typha latifolia L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves and stems used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
41397,4049,Typha latifolia L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stalks used to make bedding.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
41419,4049,Typha latifolia L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven together to make a mat.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41534,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,138,Menominee,51,s23,77,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boiled bark used to make matting.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77"
41915,4063,Usnea longissima (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
41921,4064,Usnea sp.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
41925,4064,Usnea sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,211,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used in bags as pillows when feathers unavailable.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
42688,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to wipe the body off after bathing in water.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42941,4120,Vernonia missurica Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,62,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Tall stems used as an overnight bed. Tall stems gathered, piled six inches thick on the ground and arranged in a rectangular form.  Used when traveling.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
43923,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43924,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,37,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Split leaves used in weaving mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 37"
43982,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,47,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried leaves split, plaited and made into water-carrying head pads.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 47"
43983,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,36,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves split and plaited into mats to cover various vessels.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 36"
43984,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Split leaves plaited into mats for covering hatchways, grain vases and other vessels. The leaves are also used for making pads for supporting water vases upon the head.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
44044,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,193,Pima,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves twilled into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
44194,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,47,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried leaves split, plaited and made into water-carrying head pads.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 47"
44195,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,79,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Leaves used for making mats, cincture pads and other articles.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 79"
44243,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fiber and grass used to make sleeping mats.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44244,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Pith twisted with mountain grass and used to make mats for bedding and blankets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"