id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
2232,158,Allium schoenoprasum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,15,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Stems and bulbs frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15"
3008,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
3042,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
4194,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,71,sg52,387,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,"Berries steamed, dried, stored and soaked in warm water before eating.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"
4572,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,99,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99"
9386,894,Chenopodium album L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,64,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Leaves and stems frozen for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 64"
13068,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,21,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries stored frozen and eaten with seal blubber or oil.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 21"
13083,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
15659,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15724,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,39,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 39"
16502,1809,Hedysarum alpinum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,115,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Roots frozen for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115"
16947,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Plant frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
21025,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,"Leaves frozen, canned or dried for future use and used to flavor stews or other dishes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
23582,2560,Myriophyllum spicatum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,14,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Rhizomes frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14"
25246,2719,Oxytropis maydelliana Trautv.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,122,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Roots frozen for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 122"
28009,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,29,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Cambium frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"
28862,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,15,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Leaves and stems frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15"
32830,3336,Rhodiola rosea L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,54,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,"Fermented stems, leaves and young flower buds frozen through the winter.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 54"
33584,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries stored in the freezer for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33875,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,101,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Frozen and stored for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 101"
34337,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34374,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,93,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,"Fruit stored in seal pokes, kegs or barrels and buried in the frozen tundra for future use.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 93"
34387,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,183,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183"
34390,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,73,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries mixed with blueberries and frozen for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 73"
34399,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34498,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,131,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131"
34501,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34511,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Fruit frozen or made into a jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
35149,3478,Rudbeckia laciniata L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,34,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Tender leaves and stems frozen in early spring.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 34"
35208,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,15,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Leaves and stems frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15"
35224,3483,Rumex arcticus Trautv.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,15,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Leaves and stems frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15"
36567,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,94,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 94"
41981,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41982,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen or canned for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42044,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42081,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,218,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218"
42143,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42144,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen or canned for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42297,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42307,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42325,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,308,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Fruit frozen for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 308"
42330,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
42400,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42410,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,78,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 78"
42424,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,54,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 54"
42439,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,22,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and stored until the next spring.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 22"
42450,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,55,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55"
42454,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,9,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9"
42466,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,64,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries stored during the winter by freezing outside.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64"
43039,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Fruit collected in the fall and frozen or left to freeze on the bush and eaten as a nibble.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43047,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and stored for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
43061,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,55,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55"
43073,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"