id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
61,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,37,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Poultice of gum and dried beaver kidneys applied for cancer.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 37"
1644,78,Aesculus pavia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Poultice of pounded nuts used for tumors and infections.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
4031,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,394,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Plant used for cancer.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 394"
4936,381,Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H.E. Robins.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Poultice used for cancer and to draw out blood or poisonous matter.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
4950,383,Artemisia alaskana Rydb.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,17,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction taken for cancers.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17"
4955,384,Artemisia arctica Less.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,17,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction taken for cancer.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17"
5297,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,17,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction taken for cancer.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17"
5571,406,Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.,66,Eskimo,94,s73,326,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Plant used as an antitumor agent.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 326"
6572,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,29,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,"Young, unfurling fronds eaten for internal ailments, such as cancer of the womb.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"
7368,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,29,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Leaflets chewed for internal cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"
8715,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of plant used for cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8732,820,Celastrus scandens L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,135,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Boiled roots used as an ointment for cancer.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135"
9180,871,Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction prepared with herbs and taken for cancer.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
9297,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,"Poultice of seeds, down and oil applied to wound after cutting open the tumor.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
9580,913,Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Used as a wash for cancer and ulcers.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
9670,916,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica (Blake) Hult‚n,100,Iroquois,7,h77,407,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of stalks and roots taken for stomach cancer.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 407"
10040,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,475,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Plant used for cancer.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 475"
10785,1088,Cornus alternifolia L. f.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"32, 33",2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,One reported case: poultice of bark plus something else cured facial cancer.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 32, 33"
11463,1138,Crepis runcinata (James) Torr. & Gray,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,213,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Poultice of whole plant applied 'to open up a carbuncle or cancer.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 213"
11539,1151,Cryptantha flava (A. Nels.) Payson,95,Hopi,82,c74,301,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Plant used for the cancer and growth in the throat.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 301"
11856,1193,Cynoglossum officinale L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,421,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of plant used as a wash and applied as poultice to leg cancer.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 421"
11861,1194,Cynoglossum virginianum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Root used for cancer.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
12691,1335,Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,29,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Young shoots used cancer of the womb.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"
14581,1586,Euphorbia corollata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction prepared with herbs and taken for cancer.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
15352,1667,Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,27,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Plant pulverized into a salve and applied to scrofulous swellings.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 27"
15425,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,181,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Infusion of whole plant used for cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 181"
16397,1796,Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Bruised root with bear oil used as ointment for cancer.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
17481,1926,Hydrangea arborescens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Used for tumors.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
17502,1928,Hydrastis canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Used for cancer.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
19359,2082,Lachnanthes caroliana (Lam.) Dandy,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Strong decoction used as a wash for cancer.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
19551,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,25,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of plant taken for cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25"
19561,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of small pieces of branches and tops used for cancer. A decoction of plant tops was used to wash the areas affected by cancer.  A second decoction of branch pieces was taken internally.  It made the emaciated patient get better and gain weight.  This treatment was used after a 'western' doctor diagnosed the breast cancer patient as being terminal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19630,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,83,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Infusion of stems and leaves used for cancer.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 83"
22129,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of rhizomes taken in several doses over a period of several days for cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
24428,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Bark and other plants used for cancer.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24450,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Bark and other plants used for cancer.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24551,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Bark and other plants used for cancer.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24904,2682,Orobanche fasciculata Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Parasite (cancer root) on sweet sage roots used for cancer.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
25122,2705,Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,7,h77,299,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of bark used for rectum cancer.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 299"
25135,2706,Oxalis corniculata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Used for cancer 'when it is first started.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
25192,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Used for cancer 'when it is first started.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
25652,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Poultice of root applied to tumors.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
26868,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,"Decoction of needles and gum taken for cancer. It was said that if this treatment did not work, nothing would work.  The decoction was taken with a spoon directly from the bark blisters and in concentrated form.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
29102,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,32,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Young shoots or fiddleheads chewed for cancer of the womb.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32"
30350,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,383,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Bark used to wrap lint after treating tumors.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 383"
31452,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,32,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,"Young shoots eaten as medicine for 'troubles with one's insides,' such as cancer of the womb.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32"
31796,3241,Pyrola elliptica Nutt.,167,Nootka,169,s69,79,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Poultice of bruised plant applied to 'tumors.',"Swan, James Gilchrist, 1869, The Indians of Cape Flattery ... Washington Territory, Washington, DC. Smithsonian Institution, page 79"
37900,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of branches and leaves taken in a one cupful dose for stomach cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
39567,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,187,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Plant used for cancer.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
40512,3982,Tradescantia virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"56, 57",2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Poultice of root used for cancer.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56, 57"
40623,4011,Trifolium pratense L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Teaspoonful of powder mixed in boiling water and taken for cancer.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
40625,4011,Trifolium pratense L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Infusion of heads taken for stomach cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
40695,4019,Trillium erectum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,"Poultice used for 'putrid ulcers, tumors and inflamed parts.'","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
41462,4051,Ulmus americana L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Inner bark used as an emollient for tumors.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
43688,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Ashes 'burnt from greenswitch' used for cancer.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"