id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
350,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,24,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Roots ground, mixed with corn flour and eaten to keep one from becoming greedy.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
1273,55,Acorus calamus L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Paste of rootstock rubbed on warrior's face to prevent excitement and fear.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1483,63,Actaea rubra ssp. rubra,100,Iroquois,7,h77,321,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Taken and sprinkled on head to give 'young men the right sense.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 321"
1541,69,Adiantum capillus-veneris L.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,14,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant smoked or infusion of plant used for insanity.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 14"
2687,180,Aloysia wrightii Heller ex Abrams,89,Havasupai,164,spier28,285,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant boiled and taken for slight distempers.,"Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 285"
2898,203,Ambrosia trifida L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,210,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Root chewed to drive away fear at night.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 210"
3340,249,Anemone cylindrica Gray,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,238,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Used as a medicine for 'crazy people.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238"
3526,265,Angelica lucida L.,66,Eskimo,94,s73,325,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant used for the feeling of malaise.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325"
3561,267,Angelica sp.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,371,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Poultice of roots applied to head and ears for nightmares.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 371"
3732,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Dried, pulverized root used in various ways for insanity.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
3981,312,Arabis perennans S. Wats.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,23,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant used for effects of a bad dream.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 23"
4544,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,25,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Leaves burned to drive away bad spirits for people going crazy.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25"
5432,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,190,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant used to drive away bad or ominous dreams.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 190"
6001,421,Asarum canadense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,308,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion taken to prevent bad dreams caused by the dead.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 308"
7053,570,Berlandiera lyrata Benth.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,33,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Dried roots burned, ground & tossed on hot coals or smoke inhaled to give courage.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
7948,720,Cannabis sativa L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,306,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Used after patient gets well but doesn't think that he's recovered.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 306"
8033,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,100,Iroquois,7,h77,341,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of roots taken when the 'heart jumps and the head goes wrong.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 341"
9794,934,Chrysothamnus sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,36,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used to relieve fright.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 36"
10585,1064,Conocephalum conicum,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,58,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant eaten to stop recurring dreams of having sex with the deceased.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
10926,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Strained decoction of flower heads used to wash the skin for 'seven year itch.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
11058,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,100,Iroquois,7,h77,404,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction of bark taken for craziness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 404"
11246,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,298,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction of bark used as a wash for loneliness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 298"
11466,1139,Crepis runcinata ssp. glauca (Nutt.) Babcock & Stebbins,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,40,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of young plants drunk for homesickness and lonesomeness.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40"
11642,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,28,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Leaves and young shoots eaten for partial insanity due to lack of sleep.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 28"
11865,1194,Cynoglossum virginianum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction taken every four days for 'bad memory.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
12100,1241,Datura quercifolia Kunth,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,41,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Roots eaten to see into the future.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41"
12176,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,95,Hopi,82,c74,306,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant used as a cure for 'meanness.',"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 306"
12506,1298,Diervilla lonicera P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,27,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of root used for senility and as a mild diurient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 27"
12547,1303,Dimorphocarpa wislizeni (Engelm.) Rollins,291,Zuni,6,s15,"48, 49",2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of entire plant given for delirium.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 48, 49"
12548,1303,Dimorphocarpa wislizeni (Engelm.) Rollins,291,Zuni,6,s15,91,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant taken by men to 'loosen their tongues so they may talk like fools & drunken men.' It was said that this infusion should never be given to women because they 'should not be made to talk too much.',"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 91"
13646,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,20,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Burning leaf and branch smoke used to drive away the cause of nightmares.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 20"
14055,1514,Eriogonum jamesii Benth.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,43,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of roots used for despondency.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
14056,1514,Eriogonum jamesii Benth.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,19,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant smoked when disturbed by dreaming of tobacco worms.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 19"
14122,1529,Eriogonum rotundifolium Benth.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,43,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant eaten by children to become good looking.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
14506,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,457,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of smashed roots taken to stop the liquor habit.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 457"
14970,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Kept in home to insure happiness.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
15061,1644,Frangula californica ssp. californica,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,368,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of bark taken for mania.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 368"
15173,1654,Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,39,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Dried leaves mixed with mountain tobacco and smoked to 'clear the mind if lost.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39"
15263,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,128,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for depression.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 128"
15433,1676,Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,44,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used to become good drummers.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
15443,1678,Gaillardia pulchella var. pulchella,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,44,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used to become good drummers.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
15744,1708,Gaylussacia sp.,35,Chickasaw,115,t40,48,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Roots used for delirium.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 48"
15749,1710,Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,33,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant used for the effects of a dream of a spider bite.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 33"
15766,1715,Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,414,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound infusion of roots taken and used as wash for lonesomeness and craziness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 414"
16370,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,229,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Wax of pods 'fed to a patient to cure him of lunacy.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 229"
16402,1796,Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Used for 'good memory.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
17605,1953,Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floribunda (Gray) Parker,101,Isleta,76,j31,32,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Leaves characterized as making cattle crazy.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
17691,1973,Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.,228,Seminole,88,s54,293,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Leaves and fruit used for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 293"
17727,1979,Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray,100,Iroquois,7,h77,373,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of bark taken as an emetic for craziness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 373"
17737,1980,Ilex vomitoria Ait.,228,Seminole,88,s54,261,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Bark used as medicine for old people's dance sickness: nightmarish dreams and waking up talking.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 261"
18198,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,295,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction with plant taken for 'loss of senses during menses.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 295"
18283,2034,Juglans nigra L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,296,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Poultice of bark applied for 'craziness.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 296"
19225,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,293,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant burned to smoke the body for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 293"
19447,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,228,Seminole,88,s54,293,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Seeds burned to smoke the body for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 293"
19460,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,100,Iroquois,7,h77,307,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction taken to counteract loneliness because your woman has left.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 307"
20014,2158,Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) B.L. Robins.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,479,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Some believed that eating the roots caused insanity.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 479"
20182,2173,Licania michauxii Prance,228,Seminole,88,s54,292,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used to steam and bathe the body for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 292"
20382,2201,Linnaea borealis L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,18,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Poultice of the whole plant applied to the child's head to insure him a long life.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 18"
20442,2207,Linum rigidum Pursh,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,52,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used by racers to make them speedy.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
20564,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,185,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Infusion of roots, leaves and stems rubbed on head & face for irrational behavior from any illness.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185"
20565,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,15,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Infusion of stems, leaves and roots used as a wash for 'irrationalness.'","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 15"
20657,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,452,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction of whole plant taken for sickness caused by grieving.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 452"
20684,2222,Lobelia inflata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,454,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant taken to vomit and cure tobacco or whiskey habit.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 454"
21087,2258,Lonicera canadensis Bartr. ex Marsh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,443,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of bark taken for homesickness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 443"
21189,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,99,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Buds eaten in spring or bark rubbed on body as a tonic for nervous breakdowns.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 99"
21224,2267,Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,443,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of bark taken for loneliness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 443"
21567,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,27,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of dried stems taken to bring feelings of contentment to mothers.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 27"
21683,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,259,Thompson,10,tta90,113,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Leaves placed under pillows during sleep or the head washed with charcoal to induce 'power dreams.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 113"
21762,2359,Macromeria viridiflora DC.,95,Hopi,37,w39,88,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound of plant smoked by persons not in their 'right mind.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 88"
21774,2362,Madia glomerata Hook.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,22,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Dried plant used for perverted, over-sexed people.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 22"
21932,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant induced dreams of someone sleeping when brought into the house.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
22100,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,230231,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Smudge of root used in cases of insanity, to bring back to normal.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 230231"
22909,2454,Mentzelia multiflora (Nutt.) Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,54,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Plants used to make infants good horseback riders. Plants used to whip three or four month old infants, or ground leaves rubbed on their thighs so that they will become good horseback riders when they grow up.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 54"
22984,2469,Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) K. Presl,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,73,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant used for insanity.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73"
23020,2482,Mirabilis alipes (S. Wats.) Pilz,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"86, 87",2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Decoction of root used as a wash for 'delirium,' neuralgia and dizziness.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 86, 87"
23140,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,440,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound infusion of plants taken for typhoid-like fever or craziness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 440"
23331,2509,Monarda sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,657,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction of plant administered to delirious person.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657"
23332,2509,Monarda sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,54,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of plant used for delirium.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54"
23898,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant blown in the air to prevent bad dreams.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23934,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,430,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of plants taken for insanity caused by masturbation.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 430"
24152,2598,Nuphar sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,167,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of roots taken by men to inhibit sexual drives for two months.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 167"
24168,2600,Nymphaea sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,167,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of roots taken by men to inhibit sexual drives for two months.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 167"
24945,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of roots used as a bath for grieving person.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
25106,2702,Osmunda regalis L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,292,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used to steam and bathe the body for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 292"
25288,2727,Packera fendleri (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. L”ve,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,68,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used for homesickness.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 68"
25383,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,24,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant acted as a tonic and 'strengthener of mental powers.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 24"
25615,2766,Pectis angustifolia Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,58,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used as an emetic before breakfast to relieve sadness and worry.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
25926,2813,Penstemon laetus Gray,105,Karok,71,sg52,389,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant taken and used as a steambath by grieving person.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389"
26145,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,260,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Infusion of leaves taken as emetic for ghost sickness: grief, lung cough, appetite loss & vomiting.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 260"
26146,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,292,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of leaves used to steam and bathe the body for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 292"
26147,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,293,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant burned to smoke the body for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 293"
26427,2878,Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Sm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,292,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used to steam and bathe the body for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 292"
26872,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Tree and red cedar tree caused vivid dreams for anyone who slept under it.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
28215,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,266,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction used as an emetic 'when someone dies and your can't forget it.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 266"
28487,3004,Plantago patagonica Jacq.,95,Hopi,37,w39,92,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant given to a person 'to make him more agreeable.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92"
28488,3004,Plantago patagonica Jacq.,95,Hopi,82,c74,349,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant given to a person to make him more agreeable.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 349"
28489,3004,Plantago patagonica Jacq.,95,Hopi,37,w39,37,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Used to make a person more agreeable.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 37"
28525,3006,Plantago sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,438,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of roots taken for nervous breakdown.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 438"
28966,3070,Polygonum punctatum Ell.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,315,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction taken for 'loss of senses during menses.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 315"
29017,3078,Polypodium incanum Sw.,228,Seminole,88,s54,291,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used to steam and bathe the body for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 291"
29676,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,277,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of branches taken by people suffering from insanity through excessive drinking.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 277"
29802,3118,Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,54,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plants burned and ashes used for craziness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
30206,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,424,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound infusion of plants taken for sickness caused by grieving.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 424"
30398,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,87,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Concoction of roots and gooseberry roots used to make children intelligent and obedient.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87"
31114,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,59,Creek,128,swan28,663664,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for persons who 'wanted to run away.',"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663664"
31121,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,138,Menominee,176,d32,129,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Dried leaves steamed as an inhalant for 'foolishness.',"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 129"
31124,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,214215,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Smudge of herb used to 'bring back a loss of mind.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 214215"
31892,3253,Quercus alba L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,303,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction used to counteract loneliness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 303"
32479,3289,Quercus sp.,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,375,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Poultice of hot pitch and powdered, burned acorns applied to mourning widows.","Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 375"
32641,3299,Ranunculus abortivus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,325,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction of plants taken for 'loss of senses during menses.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 325"
33490,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,84,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Roots used with wild cherry roots to wash newborn children for intelligence and obedience.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33565,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,84,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Roots used with wild cherry roots to wash newborn children for intelligence and obedience.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33621,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,215,Saanich,23,tb71,84,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Roots used with wild cherry roots to wash newborn children for intelligence and obedience.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
35778,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,294,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction taken to vomit to reduce loneliness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 294"
36891,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Bark used with black twinberry bark for nervous breakdowns.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
38200,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,286,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction of plant taken for 'loss of senses during menses.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 286"
38307,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of leaves and stem taken 'if lonesome because of death in family.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
38349,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of leaves and stem taken 'if lonesome because of death in family.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
38395,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,217,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound decoction used as wash for child who does not talk or laugh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 217"
38494,3752,Solidago velutina DC.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,50,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant used as a lotion to bathe an infant hermaphrodite to become sensible.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50"
38532,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,131,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Buds and inner bark fibers boiled and used for moral depression.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 131"
39178,3871,Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. lateriflorum,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,212,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Blossoms smudged 'to cure a crazy person who has lost his mind.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 212"
39604,3907,Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. ex Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plants chewed as medicine to stop dreams of having sexual intercourse with the dead.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
39681,3918,Tetraneuris argentea (Gray) Greene,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,44,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant used for dreaming of being bitten by an 'alligator.',"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 44"
39811,3940,Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton,228,Seminole,88,s54,267,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Leaves used for old paint woman sickness: insanity and weakness of the limbs and neck.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 267"
40255,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,94,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Tree or spruce tree said to cause vivid dreams for those who slept under them.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 94"
40297,3954,Thymophylla pentachaeta var. pentachaeta,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,46,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant used for dreaming of being pursued by a deer.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 46"
40503,3979,Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,209,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Root gum inserted in cut on head 'to stop craziness.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 209"
41883,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,68,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,'Younger people walk through nettles to procure dreams.',"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"
41961,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Dried flowers placed on hot stones as inhalant for 'craziness.',"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
42566,4097,Valeriana uliginosa (Torr. & Gray) Rydb.,138,Menominee,51,s23,57,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Large doses of plant produced mental stupor.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 57"
42750,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,267,Tsimshian,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Roots used for insanity.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42793,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,95,Hopi,37,w39,92,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound of plant smoked by persons not in their 'right mind.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92"
42832,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Dried leaves smoked in corn husk 'to clear the mind if lost.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
43511,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,252,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of twigs taken for insanity.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 252"
43531,4185,Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,292,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used to steam and bathe the body for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 292"
44620,4252,Zinnia acerosa (DC.) Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,39,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant given to children to quickly learn to talk.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39"