id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
17426,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,'Alleviates pain and produces sleep.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
9837,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,20,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,'Mashed root put on a hot stone and sore limbs laid directly over it.',"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 20"
27521,2958,Pinus echinata P. Mill.,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,'Pellets of tar' considered 'beneficial for soreness of the back.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 55"
26526,2896,Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnston,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,'Tea ooze' used to bathe head for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
25420,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,An 'ingredient to relieve sharp pains in the breast.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
37934,3659,Shepherdia rotundifolia Parry,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Ash used as lotion for headaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 32"
10748,1088,Cornus alternifolia L. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark chewed for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
10862,1093,Cornus florida L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark chewed for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
36165,3551,Salix sp.,60,Crow,30,h92,67,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark chewed for headache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
28589,3017,Platanus occidentalis L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,235,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark eaten for internal pains.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 235"
44319,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,367,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark smoked for toothaches or neuralgia.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 367"
38537,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark used for 'mother pains.',"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 60"
10833,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,31,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark used for body pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31"
37271,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,228,Seminole,88,s54,188,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Bark used for cow sickness: lower chest pain, digestive disturbances and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 188"
2623,174,Alnus sp.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark used for cramps.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54"
41484,4051,Ulmus americana L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,86,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark used for cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 86"
24485,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark used in a steambath for body pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
33790,3403,Ricinus communis L.,193,Pima,11,c49,100,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Beans eaten for headaches.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"
26552,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bed of heated branches used by women for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26851,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Berries eaten as an analgesic.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
26852,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,285,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Berries eaten for pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 285"
35539,3503,Sabal palmetto (Walt.) Lodd. ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes,228,Seminole,88,s54,242,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Berries or seeds used for grass sickness: low fever, headache and weight loss.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 242"
23107,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Berries used to prevent severe labor pains.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
42906,4116,Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman,291,Zuni,6,s15,63,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Blossoms chewed and swallowed with water as an emetic for stomach cramps.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 63"
17447,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,130,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Blossoms used for pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 130"
44512,4244,Zea mays L.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,97,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Blue cornmeal and water used for 'palpitations or pains.',"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 97"
19528,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Boiled, crushed leaves and bark used as herbal steam for headache and backache.","Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
28258,2977,Pinus strobus L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Boiled, crushed leaves used as herbal steam for headache and backache.","Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
27188,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Boughs used to scrub skin, until it bled, for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
41900,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,144,Miwok,100,bg33,174,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branch used to strike affected parts for certain pains.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 174"
19655,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branches used as bed for women with menstrual cramps or after childbirth.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64"
22439,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branches used to whip aching body parts to stimulate circulation.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 103"
10244,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branches used to whip sore or painful areas as a counter-irritant.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
29186,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branches with leaves used in a sweat bath for pains similar to rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
8442,775,Castanea pumila (L.) P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,29,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Brittle leaves heated and blown on patient for headaches.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29"
19179,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bruised leaves and berries used internally for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
9741,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,273,Wailaki,89,c02,319,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bulb rubbed on body for cramps.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
5693,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Burning plant used as an inhalant for headache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
22068,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,125,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Burning root fumes inhaled for headaches and pain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 125"
28153,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,285,Yokia,89,c02,307,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Burning twigs and leaves used as sweat bath for rheumatism pain.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
23210,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,140,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed leaves placed in nostrils for headaches.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"
21169,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,382,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed leaves with yellow cedar rubbed on painful places.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 382"
23885,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed plant put in the nostril for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23912,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed plant used for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56"
25421,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed plant used for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 44"
42492,4093,Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed roots rubbed on the head and temples for headaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64"
24080,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold decoction of stems or roots taken for internal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
22818,2445,Mentha spicata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,427,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion applied to forehead or powdered plant snuffed for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 427"
35145,3477,Rudbeckia hirta var. angustifolia (T.V. Moore) Perdue,228,Seminole,88,s54,283,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of cone flowers used for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 283"
30825,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,31,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of dried fruit taken for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31"
7558,627,Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of dried leaves taken for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
37107,3582,Sanvitalia abertii Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of leaves taken and used as lotion for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
30119,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of leaves taken for headaches.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
24298,2619,Oenothera coronopifolia Torr. & Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,37,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of leaves taken for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37"
1721,88,Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze,183,Paiute,12,tha41,33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of leaves used for stomach pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 33"
31358,3205,Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of plant taken for stomachache and menstrual pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
23247,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,73,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of plant used as a wash for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 73"
10230,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for backache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27"
23652,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,423,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of plants taken for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 423"
14247,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,59,Creek,115,t40,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of pounded roots taken for neuralgia.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
37694,3648,Senecio spartioides var. multicapitatus (Greenm. ex Rydb.) Welsh,291,Zuni,6,s15,"59, 60",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of pulverized root rubbed over limbs for 'aching bones.',"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 59, 60"
12208,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Cold infusion of root taken and used as a lotion for injury pain, a narcotic.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42"
14324,1558,Erythrina herbacea L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,666,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of root taken by women for bowel pain.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 666"
14248,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655656,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of root taken for neuralgia and kidney troubles.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655656"
5980,421,Asarum canadense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,308,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of roots given to children with headaches and fevers.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 308"
4891,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,20,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of roots taken for stomach pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
29850,3131,Potentilla norvegica ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,31,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of whole plant used for pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31"
9237,880,Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion or decoction of plant taken for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
9164,866,Chamaesyce fendleri (Torr. & Gray) Small,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion or decoction used for stomachache and diarrhea.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
3982,312,Arabis perennans S. Wats.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for general body pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
13722,1468,Erigeron concinnus (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. & Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for general body pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50"
1892,100,Ageratina herbacea (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
23297,2507,Monarda pectinata Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
23314,2508,Monarda punctata L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42"
3319,245,Androsace septentrionalis L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"38, 39",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken for internal pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38, 39"
11171,1108,Corydalis curvisiliqua ssp. occidentalis (Engelm. ex Gray) W.A. Weber,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken for stomachache and used as lotion for backache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
9458,896,Chenopodium botrys L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken orally and used to moisten head for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
4719,355,Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa (Gray) Maguire,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion used as lotion on forehead for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
28532,3009,Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
9154,865,Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion used for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
6811,537,Baccharis sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion used to bathe the head for headaches.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
39643,3914,Tetradymia canescens DC.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold simple or compound infusion of leaves taken for various aches and pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
12672,1330,Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Cold, compound infusion of leaves taken for headache.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
25923,2812,Penstemon jamesii Benth.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Cold, compound infusion of plant taken for headache caused by hunting.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
10834,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"26, 74",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing bark used for body pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 74"
11184,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing charcoal pricked into temples with needles for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
39850,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing charcoal pricked into temples with needles for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
21523,2327,Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,225,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing entire plant used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225"
44656,4256,Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,250,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing flower stalks used as snuff for sick headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 250"
23305,2508,Monarda punctata L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,225226,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing leaves snuffed up nostrils for sick headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225226"
23306,2508,Monarda punctata L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,225226,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing leaves used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225226"
39817,3944,Thermopsis montana var. montana,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing plant used as fumigant for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
4300,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
4292,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,211,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root used by women in labor.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 211"
8762,820,Celastrus scandens L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,208209,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root used for 'the relief of women in labor.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 208209"
22110,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root used for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
1281,55,Acorus calamus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"31, 74",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root used for stomachache and intestinal pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 31, 74"
33672,3387,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. oxyacanthoides,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of berries taken for back pain and 'female weakness.',"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
39348,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,7,h77,477,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of dried plants taken for pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 477"
32835,3336,Rhodiola rosea L.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,5,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of flowers taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5"
28962,3070,Polygonum punctatum Ell.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of leaves and flowers taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
12493,1298,Diervilla lonicera P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
7120,577,Betula nana L.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,5,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5"
9283,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,5,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5"
12689,1335,Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,5,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5"
38713,3789,Spiraea alba Du Roi,100,Iroquois,7,h77,349,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of mashed and powdered dried roots taken for side pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 349"
18185,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,295,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of plants taken for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 295"
10002,971,Cirsium sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
11426,1131,Crataegus sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
22069,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
29198,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
33506,3369,Ribes glandulosum Grauer,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
34689,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
8561,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
36942,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
3505,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for headache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
22127,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for internal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
17543,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,130,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root used for chest pain.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 130"
17035,1865,Heuchera americana L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,130,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root used for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 130"
12626,1318,Disporum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for internal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
22170,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for internal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
38975,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for internal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
9666,916,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica (Blake) Hult‚n,100,Iroquois,7,h77,407,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 407"
10796,1089,Cornus amomum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,402,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 402"
23108,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,441,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 441"
40753,4027,Triosteum perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,445,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 445"
19888,2127,Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens (Ait.) Hult‚n,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,5,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of stem and leaf used for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5"
43052,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction taken for headache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
13821,1484,Erigeron speciosus var. macranthus (Nutt.) Cronq.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction taken for menstrual pain and as a contraceptive.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50"
6822,540,Bahia dissecta (Gray) Britt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction taken for menstrual pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
24052,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,100,Iroquois,7,h77,319,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction taken for pain between shoulder blades.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 319"
27641,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction used for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
37108,3582,Sanvitalia abertii Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction used for menstrual pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
20632,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound given for pain and poultice of crushed leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
20692,2224,Lobelia siphilitica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound given for pain and poultice of crushed leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
12596,1317,Dirca palustris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,388,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of bark and roots taken for back pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 388"
21170,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,380,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of bark used as foot bath for painful legs and feet.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 380"
16833,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,400,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of plant used as steam bath for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"
3432,259,Angelica atropurpurea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,400,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of plants used as steam bath to sweat out headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"
19382,2084,Lactuca canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,478,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 478"
23109,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,442,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 442"
39349,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,7,h77,477,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 477"
38156,3704,Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex Small,100,Iroquois,7,h77,467,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of stalks and roots taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 467"
31694,3231,Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,126-128,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of twigs and leaves taken for tubercular lung pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 126-128"
44320,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
16529,1814,Helenium autumnale L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,129,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of dried flowers applied to small cuts made on temples for headache.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 129"
42694,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,280,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Compound of dried plants used as snuff for catarrh, headaches and colds.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 280"
40728,4024,Trillium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,286,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of dried roots used as a snuff for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 286"
34300,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,100,Iroquois,7,h77,357,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of plant used as a snuff for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357"
11968,1216,Dalea candida var. candida,157,Navajo,74,e44,57,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of plants used for abdomen pain caused by colds and loose bowels.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 57"
5663,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,81,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of plants used for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 81"
1639,77,Aesculus hippocastanum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,379,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of powdered roots used for chest pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 379"
39917,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound poultice of bark used on cuts made in painful area to treat pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
28826,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,138,Menominee,176,d32,134,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Compound poultice of boiled, mashed root applied for sharp pains.","Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 134"
18102,2017,Iris versicolor L.,150,Montagnais,110,tan28,268,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound poultice of plant and flour applied to pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 268"
19261,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound poultice of plant used on cuts made in painful area to treat pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
4309,329,Arctium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,474,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound poultice of smashed leaves applied to the head for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 474"
24153,2598,Nuphar sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound roots used for 'pains in the chest which make you hold your breath.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
17810,1984,Inula helenium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,465,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound roots used for chest pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 465"
4812,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,276,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound snuff used for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276"
42770,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound taken for 'pains.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
32858,3340,Rhododendron maximum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound used as liniment for pains and poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
42654,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound used as liniment for pains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
25438,2735,Panax trifolius L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,396,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound used for chest pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 396"
13241,1410,Epigaea repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,410,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound used for labor pains in parturition.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 410"
31091,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"51, 52",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Compound used for local pains, muscular cramps and twitching.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51, 52"
6022,421,Asarum canadense L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,204,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 204"
36872,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cooked shoots put in bath water and used as a soak for pain.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
21967,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,219,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cooled decoction of roots taken three times a day for headaches.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219"
3345,250,Anemone multifida var. hudsoniana DC.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274275,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cottony flower burned on hot coals for headache.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274275"
38412,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed blossoms chewed for sore throat.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 60"
4850,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed corm sprinkled on head and temples for headache and general pain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
10245,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed dried leaves used as snuff or fresh leaves smelled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
1036,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed green plant smelled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1067,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed green plant smelled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
14302,1553,Erysimum capitatum (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"28, 29",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed leaves 'smelled' for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28, 29"
32658,3300,Ranunculus acris L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed leaves inhaled for headaches.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
41665,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed leaves inhaled for headaches.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 47"
730,38,Achillea millefolium L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,240,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed leaves used as a snuff for headaches.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 240"
5356,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,18,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed leaves used as snuff for headaches.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 18"
39720,3924,Thalictrum fendleri var. polycarpum Torr.,273,Wailaki,89,c02,348,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed stem and leaf juice used as a wash for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 348"
28954,3069,Polygonum persicaria L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction mixed with meal and used as poultice for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
22289,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark and cascara bark taken for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
34038,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,31,Chehalis,25,g73,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken by women to ease labor pains in childbirth.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
2640,174,Alnus sp.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,309,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken for cramps.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
8838,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,283,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 283"
7127,578,Betula nigra L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
29582,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
8907,841,Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,53-55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 53-55"
30604,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,362,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken or poultice applied to forehead and neck for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 362"
35022,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,210,Quinault,25,g73,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken to lessen labor pains.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
7364,591,Bignonia capreolata L.,116,Koasati,115,t40,57,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark used as a bath and taken for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
36510,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,96,Houma,49,speck41,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark used as a wash for pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60"
36685,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,96,Houma,49,speck41,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark used as a wash for pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60"
18776,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of berries taken for menstrual cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18871,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of berries taken for menstrual cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
27312,2942,Picrothamnus desertorum Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"43, 44",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of branches taken for chronic stomach troubles and cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 43, 44"
5694,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of branches taken for headache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5757,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of branches taken for stomach cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5695,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of branches taken for stomachaches, especially children's.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
38718,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,133,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of branches used for menstrual pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 133"
25143,2707,Oxalis drummondii Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bulb used for pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
42632,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bulbs taken or pieces of root swallowed for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
27142,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,"51, 52",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of cones taken for pain and bark used as steam bed for backache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52"
34550,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of crushed root taken for stomach pain.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
34723,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of crushed root taken for stomach pain.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
30509,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of crushed root taken for stomach pains.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
2841,197,Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne,193,Pima,11,c49,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of crushed roots taken by women for pains and menstrual hemorrhage.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
11768,1169,Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis (Abrams) E. Murray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of dried seeds taken for sore chest.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 22"
7961,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of entire plant taken for dysentery cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
22595,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,63,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of entire plant taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
43246,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of entire plant taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
1068,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flower taken for stomachaches and used as a liniment for muscular pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
13591,1448,Ericameria nana Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,36,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flowering tops taken for stomachaches or stomach cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 36"
23217,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,111,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flowers and leaves taken for abdominal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
859,38,Achillea millefolium L.,129,Lummi,25,g73,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flowers taken for body aches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
33267,3355,Rhus typhina L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flowers taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
15132,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of four bark strips used as a skin wash for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
21716,2346,Machaeranthera canescens ssp. canescens var. leucanthemifolia (Greene) Welsh,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 49"
9059,856,Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"56, 57",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken for stomachaches or cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 56, 57"
28610,3021,Pleopeltis polypodioides ssp. polypodioides,96,Houma,49,speck41,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of fronds taken for headaches.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 55"
17433,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,362,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of fruits taken for intestinal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 362"
19451,2091,Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of grass with 'small tassels' taken for headaches.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 23"
6887,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of ground root cooled and taken for headaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
31466,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,116,Koasati,115,t40,4,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of ground roots taken for chest pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 4"
11505,1146,Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg.,102,Jemez,28,c30,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of ground whole plant, roots and salt taken for headaches.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
30120,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of gum held in mouth for painful gums or applied to painful burns.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
24517,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark from young spring growth taken for general aches and pains.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
26783,2929,Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic by 'persons dizzy with pain.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
30756,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark taken for cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
43014,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark taken for cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
41430,4051,Ulmus americana L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,18,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark taken for menstrual cramps.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18"
36420,3559,Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan,183,Paiute,12,tha41,136137,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaf and sometimes stem taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 136137"
36437,3559,Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,136137,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaf and sometimes stem taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 136137"
36421,3559,Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan,183,Paiute,12,tha41,136137,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaf or stem taken, used as a wash and fumes inhaled for headaches.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 136137"
28101,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and bark used as herbal steam for headache and backache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
31103,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,39,Choctaw,115,t40,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for lung pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
31104,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for lung pain.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
16163,1771,Grindelia camporum Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to sore parts of the body.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33"
40567,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,173,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for headaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173"
28957,3069,Polygonum persicaria L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
13106,1397,Encelia virginensis var. actonii (Elmer) B.L. Turner,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers used as a wash for rheumatic pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"
734,38,Achillea millefolium L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers used for headaches.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
6442,459,Aster sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and roots used as a wash for pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
43354,4170,Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
32736,3322,Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,188,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and stems used as wash for pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
22766,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and tops taken for pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
778,38,Achillea millefolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves steamed and inhaled for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
5500,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,276,Washo,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves taken and used as a cooling, aromatic wash for headaches.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
36412,3558,Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,129,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken and used as a wash for headaches.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129"
34474,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,355,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for 'burning and pain when passing water.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 355"
3606,275,Antennaria howellii Greene,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves taken for body pain, but not pain in the limbs.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
19645,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"96, 97",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for bowel cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 96, 97"
26072,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,257,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves taken for dead people's sickness. The symptoms of this disease are numb and painful legs, neck, shoulders and perhaps the backbone.  The sufferer is sleepy during the day, has 'short breath,' and loses appetite.  Fever and headaches also accompany this illness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 257"
13998,1506,Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,78,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headache and stomach pain.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 78"
1037,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1069,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
5315,398,Artemisia furcata var. heterophylla (Bess.) Hult‚n,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,392,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 392"
5476,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5735,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
12422,1280,Desmodium incanum var. incanum,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
19746,2121,Lechea minor L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
19910,2132,Lepechinia calycina (Benth.) Epling ex Munz,144,Miwok,100,bg33,173,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173"
23446,2525,Morella cerifera (L.) Small,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
26073,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
39493,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,114,Klallam,25,g73,16,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for internal injury or pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
26553,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
18408,2053,Juniperus californica Carr.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,6,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 6"
5093,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for pains or 'troubles inside.',"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 45"
5674,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for postpartum pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
26554,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for stomach cramps and menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19768,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,63,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
42869,4108,Verbena hastata L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,111,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for stomachache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
16991,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,355,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for various aches and pains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355"
22008,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"51, 52",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken or root used for general aches or rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 51, 52"
13986,1501,Eriogonum corymbosum Benth.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,216,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken three times a day for headaches.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 216"
13857,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,78,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves used as a wash for 'sore parts' or painful, fatigued limbs.","Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 78"
4413,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,203,"Pomo, Little Lakes",89,c02,375,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
5091,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,276,Washo,12,tha41,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39"
5758,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
36407,3558,Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"
19588,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,36,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for sore and aching parts of the body.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36"
9135,861,Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as herbal steam for headache and backache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
10201,1017,Clematis hirsutissima Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used for headaches.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
17979,2002,Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora,95,Hopi,37,w39,87,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used for stomachache.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 87"
21280,2279,Lotus wrightii (Gray) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32"
6843,548,Balsamorhiza incana Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,189,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189"
6857,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,"38, 39",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38, 39"
6844,548,Balsamorhiza incana Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,189,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves, roots and stems used as a steam bath for headaches.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189"
14069,1515,Eriogonum latifolium Sm.,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,345,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves, stems and roots taken for stomach pains and headaches.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 345"
23351,2511,Monardella lanceolata Gray,144,Miwok,100,bg33,171,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves, upper stems and flowers taken for headaches.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 171"
31311,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of needles applied as poultice to the chest to draw out the pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
18994,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for headache and stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27163,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,"51, 52",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of new shoots and bark taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52"
27403,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of new shoots taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
35761,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of new twigs taken as a painkiller.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
41835,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,210,Quinault,25,g73,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of peeled bark taken for headaches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
5635,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,13,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant fumes inhaled for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13"
21290,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
21294,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,259,Thompson,33,steed28,472,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 472"
13813,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for backache, stomachache or menstrual cramps.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
22648,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,351,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for coughs and colds with headaches.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 351"
14267,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,257,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for dead people's sickness. The symptoms of this disease are numb and painful legs, neck, shoulders and perhaps the backbone.  The sufferer is sleepy during the day, has 'short breath,' and loses appetite.  Fever and headaches also accompany this illness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 257"
23365,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23372,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23378,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,276,Washo,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
15424,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,469,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for headache and general indisposition.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469"
13951,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14024,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14148,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
10705,1076,Cordylanthus wrightii Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for menstrual pain and by men for leg or body aches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
22330,2398,Malva nicaeensis All.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for migraine headaches.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 8"
3837,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for persistent stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39"
22482,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 27"
25808,2798,Penstemon acuminatus Dougl. ex Lindl.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
39127,3852,Symphoricarpos longiflorus Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,143,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for stomach pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 143"
44628,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for stomachache, heartburn and as a cathartic.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
16175,1776,Grindelia nana Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"81, 82",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"
16242,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"81, 82",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"
13233,1410,Epigaea repens L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken to cause vomiting for abdominal pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 48"
5953,421,Asarum canadense L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,21,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken to cause vomiting for stomach pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"
23653,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,423,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant tips given to children with headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 423"
31407,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant tops taken for pains in the back over the kidneys.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
17676,1968,Hypericum scouleri Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,89,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a bath for aching feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89"
17679,1968,Hypericum scouleri Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,89,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a bath for aching feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89"
13559,1439,Eriastrum filifolium (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"80, 81",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a bath for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 80, 81"
5052,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a compress for rheumatism pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
31048,3187,Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,125126,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a head wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126"
31060,3187,Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,125126,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a head wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126"
5448,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,183,Paiute,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a soaking bath for aching feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
9856,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a wash for aching bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
36309,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant used as a wash for pain and swelling, especially of feet.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
11487,1145,Croton setigerus Hook.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a wash or taken for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 28"
1566,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,258,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used by children for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 258"
29073,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,256,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used by children for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 256"
6041,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant used externally for headache, intestinal pain and knee pain.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56"
1542,70,Adiantum jordanii C. Muell.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,4,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used for 'pain below the shoulders.',"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 4"
25295,2728,Packera multilobata (Torr. & Gray ex Gray) W.A. Weber & A. L”ve,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used for menstrual pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
22433,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used for stomachache and influenza.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
5185,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used to wash the head and temples for headache.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
16748,1849,Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark,100,Iroquois,7,h77,328,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plants taken by pregnant women with side or labor pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 328"
23110,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,441,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plants taken by pregnant women with side or labor pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 441"
25855,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plants taken for colds and rheumatic aches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25856,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plants used as a hot bath for sore feet and swollen legs and veins.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
29691,3107,Porophyllum gracile Benth.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,249,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of pounded plant taken for pain.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249"
39926,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of powdered leaves used externally for various internal pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
10598,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root and leaves taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
38470,3744,Solidago sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root applied externally for cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
38250,3717,Solanum donianum Walp.,228,Seminole,88,s54,278,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root bark poured onto the head for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 278"
32616,3250,Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella],159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root bark taken for internal pains.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
32617,3250,Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella],159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root bark used for internal pains.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
32081,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root bark used for postpartum pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
4767,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,382,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root mixed with catfish oil and smeared on painful places.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 382"
32274,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root or inner bark taken for cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
28833,3049,Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Morong,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root steamed and inhaled for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
23012,2482,Mirabilis alipes (S. Wats.) Pilz,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"86, 87",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken and used as a wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 86, 87"
17091,1874,Heuchera novomexicana Wheelock,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken as needed for internal pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
43128,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,208,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken by 'one who feels pain over his entire body.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 208"
6576,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,237,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken by women for bosom pains caused by childbirth.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237"
1317,55,Acorus calamus L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,202,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for 'a cramp expected in the stomach.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 202"
23252,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for 'pain in the stomach and intestines.',"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
38021,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for back and chest pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
38193,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,346,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346"
19367,2083,Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of root taken for body pain, but not pain in the limbs.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
1198,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for bowel pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 42"
14639,1596,Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Greene,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for chest pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
1414,59,Actaea pachypoda Ell.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,237238,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for childbirth pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237238"
1038,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
25969,2829,Pericome caudata Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,52,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for general body pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52"
7678,666,Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray,61,Dakota,17,g19,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for internal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"
16890,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
25821,2801,Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for menstrual pain and stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
24083,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for pain in any part of the body.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56"
32974,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"99, 100",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for painful urination and retention of urine.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
16321,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for painful urination and stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
42543,4095,Valeriana sitchensis Bong.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
1460,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain caused by having 'swallowed hair.',"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
3187,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,200,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200"
3296,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
4009,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
5881,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
15889,1735,Geum macrophyllum Willd.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
17106,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"29, 30",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29, 30"
25001,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25025,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25051,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,276,Washo,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
6910,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"50, 51",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 50, 51"
18033,2011,Iris missouriensis Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"89, 90",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90"
18040,2011,Iris missouriensis Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"89, 90",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90"
36281,3551,Salix sp.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
17654,1964,Hypericum hypericoides ssp. hypericoides,96,Houma,49,speck41,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of root taken, especially in childbirth, for severe pain.","Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 55"
25333,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,276,Washo,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a lotion for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
29228,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,121122,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a lotion for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 121122"
6085,427,Asclepias cryptoceras S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 47"
23013,2482,Mirabilis alipes (S. Wats.) Pilz,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"86, 87",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a wash for neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 86, 87"
15943,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a wash for pain.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
22584,2440,Menodora scabra Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for backbone pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39"
17624,1959,Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for colic.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
26690,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26694,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26698,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
3333,248,Anemone canadensis L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for pain in the lumbar region.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
43262,4154,Viola canadensis L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for pains near the bladder.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
16812,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of root, calamus and yellow pond lily used as a wash for severe headaches.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
32783,3328,Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots and bark taken for internal soreness.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58"
34142,3432,Rosa sp.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots and branches taken as a purgative for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
29875,3139,Prenanthes aspera Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots and plant tops used as an anodyne.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
17888,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,419,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for abdominal pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 419"
5933,418,Arundinaria gigantea ssp. tecta (Walt.) McClure,39,Choctaw,115,t40,6,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for breast pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 6"
6232,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for headaches and general debility.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
6249,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for headaches and general debility.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
31748,3235,Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.,116,Koasati,115,t40,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
6528,488,Astragalus pachypus Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,14,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for menstrual pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 14"
6543,493,Astragalus purshii var. tinctus M.E. Jones,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,15,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for menstrual pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 15"
28964,3070,Polygonum punctatum Ell.,96,Houma,49,speck41,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for pains and swellings in the legs and joints.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58"
42504,4093,Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
42537,4095,Valeriana sitchensis Bong.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
42544,4095,Valeriana sitchensis Bong.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
9023,851,Chaenactis santolinoides Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,19,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of roots taken for sore chest, sore shoulders and internal soreness.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 19"
39335,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
10246,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches or cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
3933,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,37,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 37"
14173,1533,Eriogonum umbellatum Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,73,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 73"
35496,3496,Rumex venosus Pursh,183,Paiute,12,tha41,132133,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 132133"
3592,269,Angelica tomentosa S. Wats.,282,Yana,181,ss43,253,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken or poultice of roots applied for headaches.,"Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 253"
3372,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots used as a general pain remedy.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 8"
39156,3861,Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) Nesom,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,14,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots used as a wash for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 14"
43603,4203,Wyethia longicaulis Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,396,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots used as a wash for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 396"
43575,4196,Woodwardia radicans (L.) J. Sm.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,234,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots used externally and internally for pain from injuries.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 234"
25918,2811,Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots used for chest pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363"
14268,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,191,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of roots used for cow sickness: lower chest pain, digestive disturbances and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 191"
20125,2165,Liatris laxa Small,228,Seminole,88,s54,191,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of roots used for cow sickness: lower chest pain, digestive disturbances and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 191"
18429,2054,Juniperus communis L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of roots, leaves, branches and bark taken for stomach pain.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
29187,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of rotten leaves used as a bath for body pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
8708,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of stem and leaf taken and used as a wash for dull, body pains.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
31386,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,183,Paiute,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stem taken for muscular pain and stem chewed for facial neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
8814,829,Centaurium exaltatum (Griseb.) W. Wight ex Piper,144,Miwok,100,bg33,168,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and leaves taken for internal pains.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168"
22999,2476,Mimulus guttatus DC.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and leaves used as steambath for chest and back soreness.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41"
8703,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and leaves used internally and externally for dull pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
8709,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and leaves used internally and externally for dull pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
41729,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41910,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
39753,3930,Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr‚m.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,67,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems taken for chest pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"
10735,1084,Coreopsis tripteris L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems taken for internal pains.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 213"
31387,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,183,Paiute,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
31408,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
6633,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of tops or roots taken as an emetic for gastric pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
19600,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of twigs taken for gas pains or headaches caused by upset stomachs.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 61"
33558,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,129,Lummi,25,g73,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of twigs taken for general body aches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
22723,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of various plant parts taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
3961,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken as a diuretic and for lower back pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
28506,3006,Plantago sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,438,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for chest and stomach pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 438"
11926,1206,Cypripedium arietinum Ait. f.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,288,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for intestinal trouble with inflation and pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 288"
3956,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
3962,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
10821,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,170,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for side pains.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170"
13707,1462,Erigeron aphanactis var. aphanactis,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"70, 71",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for stomachaches and cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 70, 71"
13711,1462,Erigeron aphanactis var. aphanactis,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"70, 71",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for stomachaches and cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 70, 71"
14057,1514,Eriogonum jamesii Benth.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken to ease labor pains.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"
25881,2806,Penstemon eatonii Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,114,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for pain and healing of burns.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 114"
14073,1516,Eriogonum leptophyllum (Torr. & Gray) Woot. & Standl.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant used for postpartum pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"
27698,2960,Pinus elliottii Engelm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of wood bits or bark applied externally as an analgesic.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
32326,3281,Quercus phellos L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of wood bits or bark applied externally as an analgesic.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
32571,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of wood bits or bark applied externally as an analgesic.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
18777,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of young twigs taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18872,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of young twigs taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
5080,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,119,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction or infusion of leaves taken for stomachache and cramps associated with diarrhea.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 119"
4813,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,276,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction or infusion of roots taken for pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276"
25084,2700,Osmunda cinnamomea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,261,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction taken for headache and joint pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 261"
11919,1205,Cypripedium acaule Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,289,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction taken for pains all over the skin and body, caused by bad blood.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 289"
41632,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,349,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction taken, used as wash or poultice of leaves applied for headaches.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349"
28750,3041,Polygala cornuta Kellogg,144,Miwok,100,bg33,172,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction used for pains.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172"
18687,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction used for postpartum or menstrual pain and cold infusion used for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
39825,3945,Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richards.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,30,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried leaves burned and smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 30"
22597,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried leaves chewed and swallowed for chest pains.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
18932,2061,Juniperus pinchotii Sudsworth,48,Comanche,143,j68,3,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried leaves sprinkled on live coals and smoke inhaled for headache.,"Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 3"
31119,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,138,Menominee,176,d32,129,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried leaves steamed as an inhalant for headache.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 129"
891,38,Achillea millefolium L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried or green mashed leaves used for pain and used during influenza epidemic.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
892,38,Achillea millefolium L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried or green mashed leaves used for pain.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
17039,1866,Heuchera americana var. hispida (Pursh) E. Wells,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried root chewed and juice swallowed for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
39410,3898,Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried root smoke inhaled for head pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"
4725,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried root smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
39411,3898,Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried root smoke used for eye pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"
17832,1984,Inula helenium L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried roots finely powdered and snuffed for headaches.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
12959,1373,Ehrendorferia chrysantha (Hook. & Arn.) Rylander,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Dried, mashed roots place in heated bag and applied to the heart for heart pains.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 26"
30928,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Dried, pulverized bark smoked for headache or headcold.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
31603,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Dried, pulverized leaves 'smelled' for headache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
29821,3124,Potentilla arguta ssp. arguta,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Dry, pulverized root pricked into temples or placed in nostrils for headache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
19497,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,7,h77,268,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fermented compound decoction taken for soreness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268"
41697,4058,Urtica dioica L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,297,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fiber used to cauterize headaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 297"
32645,3300,Ranunculus acris L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Flowers and leaves smashed and sniffed for headaches.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 166"
22983,2468,Metrosideros polymorpha var. polymorpha,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,31,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Flowers and other plants rubbed, squeezed and the resulting liquid taken for severe childbirth pain.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 31"
32740,3322,Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,368,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Flowers used for chest pains and other ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 368"
15420,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,84,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Flowers used to 'paint' the body for pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 84"
25970,2829,Pericome caudata Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,52,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh leaves 'smelled' for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52"
24423,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,16,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh or dried inner bark used for stomach ulcers and pain.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 16"
5186,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh plants used as a bed in the sweatbath for aching bones or muscles.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
25026,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh root inserted into nostrils for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
1096,44,Achillea sp.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Fresh, crushed flower inserted into the nostril for headaches.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
8327,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Fresh, small shoots steamed as inhalant for headache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
18873,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches and colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18842,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,276,Washo,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18924,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,276,Washo,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18778,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fumes from burning twigs or leaves inhaled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
36458,3561,Salvia mellifera Greene,50,Costanoan,16,b84,16,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Green leaves chewed for gas pains.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 16"
922,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Green plants smelled by old men for headaches.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
40556,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Ground leaves rubbed on the skin for pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 17"
39412,3898,Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Ground root applied as a salve for aching limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"
6171,441,Asclepias sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Gum applied to insect sting pain.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
45,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Gum melted on warm stone and fumes inhaled for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
31246,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for intestinal pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
27202,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Head struck with branches until it bled for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
11075,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Herb used for headache.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
19251,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,57,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Herb used for pain, swellings and sprains.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57"
39256,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Herbs used for headache.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62"
5427,400,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. incompta (Nutt.) Keck,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Hot infusion of plant taken for headache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
5449,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,183,Paiute,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Hot or cold decoction of whole plant or young growth taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5477,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Hot or cold decoction of whole plant or young growth taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5759,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Hot poultice of branches applied for various aches and pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
31131,3195,Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth) W.A. Weber,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Hot poultice of leaves or stems applied to parts of body affected by pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33"
41647,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,90,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Indian doctor would sing and hit you with little branches for pain or headache.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 90"
28885,3057,Polygonum aviculare L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
28925,3066,Polygonum hydropiper L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
29463,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark and leaves used to wet a handkerchief and tie it around the head for headaches.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 106"
9287,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,100,Iroquois,7,h77,389,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark applied as poultice for pain anywhere in the body.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 389"
10939,1098,Cornus racemosa Lam.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,"218, 219",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark held in mouth for neuralgia.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 218, 219"
43018,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken and applied as poultice for pain caused by witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
35709,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,210,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 210"
35710,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 213"
22274,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,210,Quinault,25,g73,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of bark taken for 'soreness inside, for it is throughout the blood.'","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
606,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
635,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
11050,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,100,Iroquois,7,h77,403,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 403"
44321,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for pain after confinement.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
15245,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,412,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for painful urination.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412"
21793,2366,Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for stomachache or cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
21809,2368,Magnolia macrophylla Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for stomachache or cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
31907,3253,Quercus alba L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
31921,3253,Quercus alba L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
38535,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,258,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark used for pain after childbirth.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 258"
28228,2977,Pinus strobus L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,46,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of bark, an important medicine, taken for chest pain.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46"
16022,1756,Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin.,30,Catawba,115,t40,6,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of beaten roots taken for backaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 6"
39385,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of blossoms taken for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
33972,3422,Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,133,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of blossoms used for infant pain.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 133"
36660,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,35,Chickasaw,115,t40,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of branches applied to head for severe headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
20355,2198,Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume,59,Creek,115,t40,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of branches taken and steambath used to cause perspiring for aches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 24"
38719,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,133,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of branches taken for abdominal pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 133"
38413,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed blossoms taken for body pain.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 60"
43197,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed leaves used as a bath for soreness.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
14315,1554,Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum,240,"Sioux, Teton",190,d18,269,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seed taken and used externally for stomach or bowel cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1918, Teton Sioux Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #61, page 269"
3904,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3909,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3913,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
24424,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,16,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of dried bark used for stomach pain and ulcers.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 16"
22667,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of dried plants used for headaches.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
4841,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"70, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of dried root used as a liniment for pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70, 128"
20819,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,182,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of dried, powdered roots taken for stomach pains or any internal disorder.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 182"
40579,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of entire plant snuffed up the nose for headaches.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 59"
19778,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of flowering tops used for insect sting pain.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
23218,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of flowers and leaves taken for abdominal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363"
14641,1597,Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,366,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of flowers taken for chest pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366"
16563,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,369,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of flowers used for chest pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 369"
39350,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of flowers, roots and roots from another plant taken for lower back pain.","Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 61"
15971,1745,Gilia sp.,291,Zuni,6,s15,"52, 53",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken and applied to head for headache.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 52, 53"
17459,1921,Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides E. Small,61,Dakota,17,g19,77,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of fruit taken for intestinal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
40705,4020,Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb.,138,Menominee,51,s23,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of grated root taken for cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 41"
40891,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,138,Menominee,51,s23,46,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for abdominal pains.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46"
30656,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for chest pain and soreness.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
79,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for chest pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
43022,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,29,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 29"
30511,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,77,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for internal pain and cough.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 77"
32323,3279,Quercus palustris Muenchh.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"25, 78",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for intestinal pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78"
43164,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
31908,3253,Quercus alba L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"75, 132",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark used as liniment for humans and horses with pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132"
26074,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198"
42918,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198"
10482,1050,Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,246,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaf taken for lung pains.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 246"
18411,2053,Juniperus californica Carr.,65,Diegueno,122,h75,216,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and bark taken for hangovers.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216"
36040,3545,Salix pulchra Cham.,74,"Eskimo, Nunivak",94,s73,325,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and bark used as an analgesic.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325"
36338,3552,Salix tweedyi (Bebb ex Rose) Ball,74,"Eskimo, Nunivak",94,s73,325,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and bark used as an analgesic.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325"
33991,3422,Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,172,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and berries taken for pains.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172"
13796,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,83,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and blossoms taken for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
766,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for chest pains.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
875,38,Achillea millefolium L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,391,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
36519,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"
17009,1864,Heterotheca villosa var. villosa,95,Hopi,37,w39,95,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers used for chest pain.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95"
22713,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and plant tips given to children with colicky pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
22767,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and plant tips given to children with colicky pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
22714,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and plant tips taken for pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
22768,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and plant tips taken for pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
2867,201,Ambrosia psilostachya DC.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and stem taken for cramps in the bowels.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 39"
2868,201,Ambrosia psilostachya DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,188,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and stems taken for bowel pains and bloody stools.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
23686,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves given to babies for pains.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
19263,2071,Kalmia latifolia L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves put on scratches made over location of the pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 48"
32859,3340,Rhododendron maximum L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves put on scratches made over the location of the pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 49"
14628,1594,Eurybia furcata (Burgess) Nesom,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"49, 50",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves rubbed on head for severe headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 49, 50"
12449,1288,Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould,228,Seminole,88,s54,323,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves rubbed on the abdomen for labor pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 323"
12458,1291,Dichanthelium strigosum var. glabrescens (Griseb.) Freckmann,228,Seminole,88,s54,323,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves rubbed on the abdomen for labor pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 323"
35953,3538,Salix lucida Muhl.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken and poultice of bark applied for headache.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
13005,1376,Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes,228,Seminole,88,s54,210,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 210"
19205,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,210,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 210"
26075,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,210,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 210"
13006,1376,Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes,228,Seminole,88,s54,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 213"
19206,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 213"
26076,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 213"
39324,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for 'inside pains.',"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
33025,3350,Rhus ovata S. Wats.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,78,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for chest pain.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 78"
10539,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for flux and stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
22625,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for headaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 45"
9904,950,Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for neuralgia.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
10032,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for neuralgia.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
19601,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for pain or used as bath and rub for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 61"
993,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken for pains in stomach, throat, chest and muscles.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
16493,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
17140,1881,Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia,30,Catawba,115,t40,20,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains or backaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
22466,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains, especially from gas.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
16480,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"29, 76",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 76"
17137,1880,Hexastylis arifolia (Michx.) Small,30,Catawba,75,s37,190,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 190"
13840,1487,Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"71, 72",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 71, 72"
26077,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,206,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 206"
42085,4078,Vaccinium myrsinites Lam.,228,Seminole,88,s54,208,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 208"
10505,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,149,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken or crushed leaf perfume inhaled for headaches.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 149"
19257,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,314,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken sparingly for backache.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314"
12091,1240,Datura discolor Bernh.,193,Pima,11,c49,85,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken to mitigate the pains of childbirth.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 85"
5528,404,Artemisia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used as a bitter tonic for headaches.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 41"
40552,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,49,Concow,89,c02,385,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used as a wash for feverish headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 385"
42655,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used as wash for aches and pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8"
1665,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,186,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used for chest pains from coughing.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186"
5534,404,Artemisia sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used for headache.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
39907,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380"
15619,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"56, 57",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used for lumbago and rheumatism.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 56, 57"
31349,3205,Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb.,17,Arapaho,139,n66,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used on the head for headaches.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
6858,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,189,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains and headaches.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189"
4535,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves, stems and berries taken for 'persistent' back pain.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
31746,3235,Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of mashed leaves taken and used as a wash for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
24118,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of mashed roots applied for sore back pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
12178,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of mashed roots taken for the pain of broken bones.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 23"
4129,319,Aralia racemosa L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,257,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant and snakeroot used by women with back and side pain.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 257"
37091,3578,Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe,134,Malecite,93,mech59,257,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant and spikenard used by women with back and side pain.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 257"
788,38,Achillea millefolium L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant heads used to make a compress for headaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
43200,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant rubbed into scratches made over location of muscle pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 34"
31092,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,32,Cherokee,115,t40,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant rubbed into scratches made over muscle cramp pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
16555,1820,Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"27, 76",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken and poultice of root applied for sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 27, 76"
15500,1687,Galium fendleri Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
16741,1849,Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark,32,Cherokee,115,t40,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken as an emetic for abdominal pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
14269,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,248,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken by men for menstruation sickness: stomachache, headache and body soreness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 248"
35711,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,248,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken by men for menstruation sickness: stomachache, headache and body soreness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 248"
5834,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,105,Karok,71,sg52,390,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken by women for the pains of afterbirth.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 390"
41621,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,383,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken by women for the pains of afterbirth.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 383"
30188,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,425,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for backaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 425"
25422,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for breast pains and chewed plant used for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 44"
22036,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,314,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for headache.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314"
5981,421,Asarum canadense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,309,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for long lasting headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 309"
21488,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,427,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for postpartum pain.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
28874,3053,Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,381,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381"
31083,3191,Pseudognaphalium californicum (DC.) A. Anderb.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for stomach pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26"
35892,3533,Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs,228,Seminole,88,s54,208,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 208"
3282,239,Andropogon floridanus Scribn.,228,Seminole,88,s54,227,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 227"
20172,2173,Licania michauxii Prance,228,Seminole,88,s54,227,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 227"
26078,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,227,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 227"
37272,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,228,Seminole,88,s54,227,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 227"
13436,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,15,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken or cold infusion used as a lotion for backaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15"
741,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body to soothe the pain of gastroenteritis.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
25887,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,139,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant tops taken for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139"
32745,3322,Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.,125,Lakota,108,r80,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant tops taken for headaches.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 39"
15571,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,216,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used for headaches and general discomforts.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 216"
807,38,Achillea millefolium L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,360,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used for headaches.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"
19761,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,214,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used for headaches.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 214"
28491,3004,Plantago patagonica Jacq.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used for headaches.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
43226,4144,Vicia sativa ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used on the hair for headaches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
16482,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,426,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plants taken for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 426"
21039,2248,Lomatium orientale Coult. & Rose,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,182,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pounded roots and leaves taken for bowel pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 182"
29836,3128,Potentilla gracilis Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,127,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pounded roots taken as a general tonic for pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
9821,938,Cibotium chamissoi Kaulfuss,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of powdered bark and other plants taken for chest pains.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 43"
12748,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,188,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of powdered leaves and roots used as a wash for sore and painful necks.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
7960,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,174,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of powdered leaves and stems taken or small quantities of powder eaten for head pains.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 174"
17889,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,419,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of powdered plants taken for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 419"
18000,2002,Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pulverized flowers and leaves used for headache.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 55"
37698,3649,Senecio triangularis Hook.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,190,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pulverized leaves or roots taken for chest pains.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 190"
9044,854,Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom,291,Zuni,6,s15,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pulverized plant applied for pain from cold or rheumatism.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 55"
20820,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,182,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pulverized stems and leaves taken for stomach pains or any internal disorder.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 182"
1419,60,Actaea racemosa var. racemosa,32,Cherokee,105,w47,"73, 74",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root 'in spirits' used for rheumatic pains.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 73, 74"
42933,4119,Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root given for pains after childbirth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42943,4121,Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root given for pains after childbirth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
23425,2521,Monotropa uniflora L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"74, 130",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root or leaves taken for pain due to colds.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130"
31481,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken by women to allay stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"
1199,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,171,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for bowel pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171"
1677,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for cold and chest pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
42562,4097,Valeriana uliginosa (Torr. & Gray) Rydb.,138,Menominee,51,s23,57,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for cramps and 'disorders of the head.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 57"
43686,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
3337,249,Anemone cylindrica Gray,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,238,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for headache and dizzy spells.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238"
33969,3421,Rosa blanda Ait.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,78,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for headache or lumbago.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 78"
4892,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for stomach pain.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
1332,55,Acorus calamus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for stomach pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
20143,2167,Liatris punctata var. punctata,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for stomachache.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
6153,438,Asclepias perennis Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken with root of 'virgin's bower' for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
6163,440,Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken with root of 'virgin's bower' for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
6276,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken with root of 'virgin's bower' for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
12426,1281,Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used as a wash for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
12430,1283,Desmodium perplexum Schub.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used as a wash for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
16551,1819,Helianthella uniflora (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"83, 84",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used as a wash or compress for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 83, 84"
41935,4066,Uvularia grandiflora Sm.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"56, 57",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used for backache or with lard as a salve for sore muscles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 56, 57"
15832,1727,Geranium maculatum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,222,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used for neuralgia and toothache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 222"
9934,955,Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used for stomachaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 213"
14633,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used to bathe the head for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
27117,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
38386,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots and flowers used for side pains.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 65"
21040,2248,Lomatium orientale Coult. & Rose,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots and leaves used or dried roots and leaves eaten for bowel pain.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26"
23335,2509,Monarda sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,426,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots given to children for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 426"
12428,1282,Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.,96,Houma,49,speck41,63,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots in whiskey taken for weakness or cramps.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 63"
818,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,469,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots or leaves used internally or externally for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 469"
37973,3675,Silene douglasii var. douglasii,79,Gosiute,38,c11,350,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken as an emetic for stomach trouble pain.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 350"
4927,378,Arnica acaulis (Walt.) B.S.P.,30,Catawba,75,s37,189,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for back pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 189"
4872,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,20,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for breast pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
16031,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for chest pains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
25060,2699,Osmorhiza sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,397,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for fevers and headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 397"
22942,2462,Menyanthes trifoliata L.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,427,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of roots taken for gas pains, constipation and rheumatism.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
908,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
10218,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for headaches.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 55"
36008,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,116,Koasati,115,t40,13,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
36958,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,335,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for inside pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 335"
39413,3898,Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for inside pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"
19321,2079,Krameria grayi Rose & Painter,193,Pima,11,c49,91,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for pain.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 91"
13153,1404,Ephedra sp.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,68,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for painful bloating of the stomach.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 68"
14492,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,457,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for pains in the stomach and on the left side.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 457"
7341,588,Bidens coronata (L.) Britt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,206,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of roots taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 206"
35550,3505,Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr.,228,Seminole,88,s54,206,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of roots taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 206"
20645,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,452,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken or poultice applied for pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 452"
15761,1715,Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,413,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used as a wash and taken for pain and headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413"
13752,1474,Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used as a wash for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 28"
36772,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used as an emetic and purgative for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
31372,3206,Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.,125,Lakota,108,r80,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used for headaches.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 48"
3283,239,Andropogon floridanus Scribn.,228,Seminole,88,s54,285,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used for moving sickness: moving pain in the waist region.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 285"
38125,3701,Sisyrinchium nashii Bickn.,228,Seminole,88,s54,285,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used for moving sickness: moving pain in the waist region.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 285"
25635,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,30,Catawba,75,s37,190,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used for stomach pains.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 190"
42703,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of scraped roots taken to induce vomiting for internal pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
7970,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"71, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of seed pods taken for stomach pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 71, 128"
33988,3422,Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of seeds taken for painful congestion.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 8"
28553,3014,Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,289,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of single root and flowers given to young children for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 289"
38132,3703,Sium suave Walt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,399,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of smashed roots applied as poultice for pain from broken limb.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 399"
22405,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,251,Squaxin,25,g73,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of smashed stalks used as a soak for aching hands.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 48"
41783,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,114,Klallam,25,g73,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stalks rubbed on the body for soreness or stiffness.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
2494,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and other maladies.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
35912,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stems and other plant parts used for side pains.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 39"
6570,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,14,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stems taken for body pains.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
22706,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stems taken for pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
4536,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,183,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for back pain and sprained backs.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
32303,3274,Quercus marilandica Muenchh.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of tree bark coal taken to remove the afterbirth and ease cramps.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
43509,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,252,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of twigs held in child's mouth for pain of Indian turnip poisoning.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 252"
13648,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,79,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of twigs taken for chest pain.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 79"
1517,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,"77, 78",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of twigs taken for stomach and intestinal pain.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 77, 78"
2365,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of twigs used as a liniment for pain of sprains, bruises, backache and headache.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
11330,1121,Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,241,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of twigs used for a pain in the side and bladder trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 241"
14319,1557,Erysimum sp.,291,Zuni,6,s15,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant applied to forehead and temples for headache from heat.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 50"
27348,2946,Pinguicula lutea Walt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,277,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant taken for raw meat sickness: severe abdominal pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 277"
27350,2947,Pinguicula pumila Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,277,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant taken for raw meat sickness: severe abdominal pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 277"
17775,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant taken for stomach cramps and used as a liniment for soreness.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 42"
5149,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant used as a headwash for headaches.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5187,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant used as a headwash for headaches.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
13326,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"55, 56",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant used for lumbago.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 55, 56"
8997,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of young leaves taken or put on the hair for headaches.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
2351,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of young plant taken for pain.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 38"
18135,2021,Iva axillaris Pursh,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"90, 91",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion or decoction of plant taken, especially by children, for stomachaches or cramps.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 90, 91"
3240,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion steamed and inhaled for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
37700,3650,Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
37711,3651,Senna marilandica (L.) Link,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
11760,1168,Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
22654,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,82,Gros Ventre,30,h92,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for headaches.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 64"
16407,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for periodic pains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
35548,3504,Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for periodic pains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
4873,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for sharp darting pains and used as an anodyne.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
14410,1574,Euonymus americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for stomachache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
15001,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for stomachaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384"
2634,174,Alnus sp.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,265,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion used as wash for sprains, bruises, headaches and backache.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"
17230,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,76,Flathead,30,h92,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion used for 'sharp pains inside.',"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28"
20000,2156,Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion used for 'shifting pains.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
39290,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion used for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
42969,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion used for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
40510,3982,Tradescantia virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"56, 57",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion used for stomachache from overeating.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56, 57"
10274,1022,Clematis virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion with milkweed used for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
37096,3579,Sanicula smallii Bickn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion with pink lady's slipper for stomach cramps and infusion used for colic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
24411,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Inner bark taken for stomach and bowel cramps.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
17768,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,357358,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice of fresh plant rubbed on head for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357358"
12755,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,61,Dakota,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12775,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12791,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12801,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12815,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
25481,2744,Papaver somniferum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"50, 51",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Large dose used to produce sleep, for pain and cramps.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50, 51"
19245,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves boiled and used for headaches.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
814,38,Achillea millefolium L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for any kind of internal pain.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"
19914,2134,Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.,101,Isleta,76,j31,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves chewed for headaches.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
22958,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves chewed for heart pain.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
33211,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"35, 36",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves chewed for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36"
13606,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"49, 50",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves made into a lotion and used for headache and decoction of root used for menstrual pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49, 50"
43088,4131,Viburnum lantanoides Michx.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,134,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves mashed and rubbed on the head for migraines.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 134"
5473,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,217,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves placed in the nostrils for an hour for a headache.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 217"
39615,3911,Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers.,30,Catawba,75,s37,187,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves put in shoes for pain in the flesh of the body (fever).,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 187"
23760,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves smoked in corn husks for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43"
12743,1346,Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132133,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves stuffed up nostrils to cause nosebleed for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132133"
28713,3034,Pogogyne douglasii ssp. parviflora (Benth.) J.T. Howell,49,Concow,89,c02,384,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used as a counterirritant for stomach and bowel pains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 384"
6601,501,Atriplex argentea Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used as a fumigant for pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
26079,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,256,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Leaves used for adult's sickness caused by adultery: headache, body pains and crossed fingers.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 256"
26080,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,253,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Leaves used for baby sickness caused by adultery: appetite loss, fever, headache and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 253"
5260,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,30,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for headaches associated with fevers.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 30"
21654,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,209,Quileute,25,g73,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for headaches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
21674,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,243,Skokomish,25,g73,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for headaches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
32657,3300,Ranunculus acris L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for headaches.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 60"
41613,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,143,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for headaches.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"
19207,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,262,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Leaves used for scalping sickness: severe headache, backache and low fever.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 262"
26081,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,262,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Leaves used for scalping sickness: severe headache, backache and low fever.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 262"
33784,3403,Ricinus communis L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for severe headaches.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 55"
17141,1881,Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia,30,Catawba,75,s37,188,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for severe pain in the heart from heart disease.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"
35186,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used in a sweatbath for pains similar to rheumatism all over body.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56"
22724,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used in several ways for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
41903,4061,Urtica sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,21,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used to strike aching joints 'to reduce the pain.',"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 21"
4537,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves wetted and used for pain relief.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
5069,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves worn in nostrils for headaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
5841,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves worn in nostrils for headaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
3922,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,37,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Mashed fresh roots rubbed briskly on aching rheumatic joints.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 37"
8991,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,365,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Mashed plant rubbed on limbs for soreness or aching.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 365"
409,20,Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus var. hirtellus Blake,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,9,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Mashed plant used as a salve for pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 9"
35451,3494,Rumex salicifolius Weinm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Mashed roots used as a salve on sore limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 60"
21491,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moss inserted into the nose to cause bleeding for headaches.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 48"
19981,2151,Lessingia glandulifera var. glandulifera,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,36,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of dried stem bark used for pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36"
3189,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,17,g19,93,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93"
19958,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"97, 98",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 97, 98"
19960,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"97, 98",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 97, 98"
39117,3850,Symphoricarpos albus var. albus,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,386,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of tips while still on plant used for headache.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 386"
3190,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of twigs applied for neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
214,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Needle smudge smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
41901,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,200,Pomo,80,g67,13,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Nettle used to strike skin as a counterirritant for rheumatic pains.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13"
41820,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,77,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Nettle used to strike the skin as a counterirritant for rheumatism and other such pains.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 77"
15525,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,379,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Nettles or vines and then hellebore used to rub the chest for chest pains.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 379"
41685,4058,Urtica dioica L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,76,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Nettles rubbed on body for aches, pains and backaches.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
14404,1572,Eucalyptus sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,73,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Oil used for rubbing over backaches and rheumatic pain.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73"
39586,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Parts of plant used for afterbirth pain and clots.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62"
16304,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,157,Navajo,74,e44,86,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant ashes rubbed on the body for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86"
2685,180,Aloysia wrightii Heller ex Abrams,89,Havasupai,164,spier28,285,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant boiled and taken for headaches.,"Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 285"
12738,1346,Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc.,125,Lakota,108,r80,37,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant breathed in for headaches.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 37"
11867,1195,Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,359360,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant burned on live coals and fumes inhaled for headaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 359360"
819,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant chewed and poultice of leaves applied for neuralgia.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
26734,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant chewed for cramps and stomach trouble.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26225,2846,Petradoria pumila ssp. pumila,95,Hopi,37,w39,98,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant considered a good remedy for breast pain.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98"
29891,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29908,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
21730,2351,Machaeranthera pinnatifida ssp. pinnatifida,157,Navajo,141,h56,151,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant or some part of it used for headaches.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 151"
23212,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant rubbed on child's chest for pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54"
15526,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant rubbed on the skin for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
41692,4058,Urtica dioica L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant rubbed on the skin for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
32784,3328,Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58"
1200,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,7,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant smoked for headaches.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 7"
2240,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant smudge smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
38234,3713,Smilax rotundifolia L.,116,Koasati,115,t40,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant splints used to scratch the back for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8"
9505,900,Chenopodium graveolens Willd.,291,Zuni,6,s15,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant steeped in water and vapor inhaled for headache.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
10500,1052,Comarum palustre L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384385,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used alone for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384385"
3954,306,Aquilegia triternata Payson,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant for headaches or other severe pain.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 22"
15429,1676,Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr.,95,Hopi,37,w39,96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as a diuretic for painful urination.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
13725,1469,Erigeron concinnus var. condensatus D.C. Eat.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as a lotion for headaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 47"
13729,1470,Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as a snuff for headaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 47"
15757,1713,Gentiana affinis Griseb.,157,Navajo,74,e44,69,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as a snuff for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 69"
7932,713,Campanula rotundifolia L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as ceremonial fumigant for head trouble.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
12101,1242,Datura sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,73,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as pain killer for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 73"
8738,820,Celastrus scandens L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,661,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used by women with urinary trouble or pain in small of back.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 661"
12423,1280,Desmodium incanum var. incanum,228,Seminole,88,s54,256,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for adult's sickness caused by adultery: headache, body pains and crossed fingers.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 256"
35613,3513,Salicornia virginica L.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,91,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for arthritic pain, rheumatism, aches, pain and swelling.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 91"
9598,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,30,Catawba,115,t40,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for backache.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47"
11841,1188,Cymopterus purpurascens (Gray) M.E. Jones,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for backache.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34"
14114,1527,Eriogonum racemosum Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,19,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for backaches and sideaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 19"
38117,3698,Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,224,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for cramps and decoction used for hay fever.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 224"
37273,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,228,Seminole,88,s54,275,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for gall stones and bladder pain.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 275"
22037,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373374,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headache and sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374"
11799,1178,Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"33, 74",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headache.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 74"
1027,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches caused by weak or sore eyes.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 44"
5830,409,Artemisia tripartita ssp. tripartita,157,Navajo,74,e44,97,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"
16305,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,157,Navajo,141,h56,151,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 151"
20411,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,30,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 30"
23295,2507,Monarda pectinata Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,153,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 153"
31286,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,15,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15"
35565,3508,Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon,157,Navajo,74,e44,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24"
14577,1585,Euphorbia brachycera Engelm.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,30,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for injuries and pain.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 30"
13262,1414,Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum,95,Hopi,37,w39,"33, 86",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for leg pains.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 86"
31616,3228,Purshia glandulosa Curran,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for menstrual cramps.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 55"
12179,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain and swellings.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 23"
11546,1153,Cryptantha fulvocanescens var. fulvocanescens,157,Navajo,74,e44,72,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain from a fall.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 72"
3323,246,Androsace septentrionalis ssp. subulifera (Gray) G.T. Robbins,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain from witches' arrows.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 35"
14133,1530,Eriogonum sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for pain in hips and back, especially during pregnancy.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35"
7271,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
10226,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 47"
13935,1494,Eriogonum alatum Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 42"
16452,1803,Hedeoma drummondii Benth.,157,Navajo,74,e44,72,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 72"
18993,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,15,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15"
29781,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,97,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"
38653,3773,Sphaeralcea coccinea ssp. coccinea,61,Dakota,91,g13i,362,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 362"
22327,2397,Malva neglecta Wallr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for painful congestion of the stomach.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 8"
14270,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,161,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"
14134,1530,Eriogonum sp.,95,Hopi,82,c74,314,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for severe pain in hips and back, especially in pregnant state.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 314"
14135,1530,Eriogonum sp.,95,Hopi,82,c74,314,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for severe pain in hips and back.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 314"
13826,1485,Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for sick headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
37035,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for stomach pain, fainting and trembling in fits.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
17989,2002,Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for stomachache and arthritis.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40"
11974,1216,Dalea candida var. candida,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"
8486,788,Castilleja linariifolia Benth.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for stomachaches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
20173,2173,Licania michauxii Prance,228,Seminole,88,s54,165,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 165"
12756,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,61,Dakota,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12776,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12792,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12802,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12816,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12853,1350,Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.,238,Sioux,30,h92,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in the smoke treatment for headache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 38"
28538,3011,Platanthera dilatata var. leucostachys (Lindl.) Luer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,467,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and various joint and muscle aches.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467"
25263,2723,Oxytropis sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used in the sweatbath for rheumatism, stiff and aching muscles and joints.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
16343,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used on hot coals to fumigate patient with painful menstruation.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 56"
25953,2825,Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis,105,Karok,71,sg52,377,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used to mitigate the afterpains of childbirth.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 377"
3536,265,Angelica lucida L.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,376,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used to prepare sweatbath for localized pains.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 376"
2679,178,Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) Schott,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant, other plants & water taken as a laxative & an appetizer for acute pain in stomach or bowels.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 17"
11071,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plants mixed with spikenard roots and smoked for headaches.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
14149,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13952,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14025,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14150,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
15920,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in sweatbath for sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
15944,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in the sweatbath for aching joints and sore, stiff muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
42646,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poisonous roots dried, crushed and snuffed for headaches.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
15395,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice applied for aches and pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
21180,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of bark and berries or leaves, fresh sea wrack and alder bark applied for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
18279,2034,Juglans nigra L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,296,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bark applied for headache.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 296"
36689,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,100,Iroquois,7,h77,448,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bark applied for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448"
2519,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bark applied to sores and aches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
34989,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,25,g73,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bark applied to wounds for the pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
24410,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,27,Carrier,134,c73,82,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bark scrapings applied or bark pills taken for pain.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 82"
2525,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of bark, fresh sea wrack and black twinberry applied for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
1039,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of boiled, whole plant applied to pains or sores.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1070,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of boiled, whole plant applied to pains or sores.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
4726,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of broken roots applied to the head for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
20489,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bruised leaves bound to head for neuralgic pain.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
44562,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bulb used for neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44569,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bulb used for neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44575,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,276,Washo,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bulb used for neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44596,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149150,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bulb used for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
32714,3316,Ranunculus repens L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,71,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed leaves used for muscular aches and rheumatic pains.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
23396,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed or pounded plant applied to pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
2136,141,Allium cernuum Roth,133,Makah,25,g73,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
2157,141,Allium cernuum Roth,210,Quinault,25,g73,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
29864,3136,Prenanthes alata (Hook.) D. Dietr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed root applied to any painful part of body.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
20987,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed seeds applied or chewed seeds blown on head for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
24214,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,289,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of chewed, burned plant and oil applied to sore places.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
2413,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of compound containing buds applied for lung or hip pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
29188,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of compound containing buds applied for lung or hip pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
16779,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of compound containing roots used for lung or hip pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
36873,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of cooked shoots applied for pain.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
44590,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of cooked, mashed bulbs applied to strain and bruise pains.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 27"
3446,259,Angelica atropurpurea L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of cooked, pounded root applied to painful areas.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 55"
9136,861,Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves and bark applied for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
19529,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves and bark applied for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
28102,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves and bark applied for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
41666,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,287,Yuki,111,m90,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied as compress for headaches.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
9439,895,Chenopodium ambrosioides L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,63,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied for headaches.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 63"
28259,2977,Pinus strobus L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied for headaches.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
39226,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,62,Delaware,97,t72,37,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied for pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37"
39229,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"31, 80",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied for pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 31, 80"
42790,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,64,"Delaware, Ontario",22,t42,"66, 82",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to bruises for pain and swelling.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 66, 82"
19423,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,96,Houma,49,speck41,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to the forehead for headaches.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 62"
19252,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,141,Micmac,103,s17,316,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves bound to head for headache.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 316"
18103,2017,Iris versicolor L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed plant mixed with flour applied to any pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
23014,2482,Mirabilis alipes (S. Wats.) Pilz,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"86, 87",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, fresh leaves applied for headaches.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 86, 87"
31591,3224,Pulsatilla patens (L.) P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"80, 81",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, fresh leaves applied for rheumatism and neuralgia.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80, 81"
5076,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, green leaves used as a compress for headaches.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39"
5760,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, moistened, green leaves applied to forehead for headache.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
17934,1996,Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"76, 77",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, whole plant applied for rheumatic aches.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 76, 77"
13841,1487,Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"71, 72",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of decoction of stems, leaves and flowers applied for rheumatic pains.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 71, 72"
39010,3846,Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene,95,Hopi,126,vest40,161,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of dried leaves used on sore places.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161"
39011,3846,Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene,95,Hopi,126,vest40,161,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of dried leaves used on sore places.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161"
39012,3846,Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene,95,Hopi,126,vest40,161,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of dried leaves used on sore places.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161"
23948,2586,Nicotiana sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of dried plant and fresh sea wrack, alder and black twinberry applied for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
17949,1999,Ipomopsis congesta ssp. congesta,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of dried, powdered blossoms applied for pain.","Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
20608,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,185,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of dried, powdered leaves and stems applied for rheumatic pains.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185"
10211,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,7,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of foliage applied for chest pains.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 7"
7496,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"71, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of fresh leaves applied to headaches.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 71, 128"
11481,1145,Croton setigerus Hook.,49,Concow,89,c02,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, bruised leaves applied to chest for internal pains.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 363"
1040,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, mashed and boiled leaves applied to sprained ankle pains.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1041,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, mashed leaves dampened with water applied with a cloth to tired, aching feet.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
33849,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,92,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, whole plants applied to the forehead for headaches.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92"
24132,2597,Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata (Dur.) E.O. Beal,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,46,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of grated rhizome, calamus, water or grease and sometime cow parsnip applied for headaches.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 46"
7517,619,Brassica oleracea L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of green leaves bound to head for headache.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
16813,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of ground root, calamus and yellow pond lily applied to the head for severe headaches.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
19602,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated branches and leaves applied for pain.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 61"
12153,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,50,Costanoan,16,b84,14,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied for chest pains.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14"
41645,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,13,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied for rheumatic and neuralgic pains.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13"
42784,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 31",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied for rheumatic pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 31"
24106,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied or rhizome extract taken for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
36459,3561,Salvia mellifera Greene,50,Costanoan,16,b84,16,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied to the ear for earache pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 16"
13861,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,13,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied to the forehead for headaches.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 13"
22331,2398,Malva nicaeensis All.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied to the stomach or head for pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 8"
40689,4018,Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) T.J. Howell,50,Costanoan,16,b84,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated plant applied to the chest for chest pains.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 28"
27836,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated resin applied for general muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27870,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated resin applied for sciatic pains or muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27871,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated resin used for sciatic pains and general muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
24116,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,210,Quinault,25,g73,29,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated roots applied for pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29"
21222,2267,Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,443,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of hot bark applied to abdomen for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 443"