id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
45,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Gum melted on warm stone and fumes inhaled for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
79,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for chest pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
214,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Needle smudge smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
409,20,Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus var. hirtellus Blake,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,9,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Mashed plant used as a salve for pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 9"
606,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
635,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
730,38,Achillea millefolium L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,240,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed leaves used as a snuff for headaches.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 240"
734,38,Achillea millefolium L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers used for headaches.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
741,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body to soothe the pain of gastroenteritis.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
766,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for chest pains.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
778,38,Achillea millefolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves steamed and inhaled for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
788,38,Achillea millefolium L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant heads used to make a compress for headaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
807,38,Achillea millefolium L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,360,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used for headaches.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"
814,38,Achillea millefolium L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for any kind of internal pain.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"
818,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,469,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots or leaves used internally or externally for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 469"
819,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant chewed and poultice of leaves applied for neuralgia.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
859,38,Achillea millefolium L.,129,Lummi,25,g73,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flowers taken for body aches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
875,38,Achillea millefolium L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,391,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
891,38,Achillea millefolium L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried or green mashed leaves used for pain and used during influenza epidemic.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
892,38,Achillea millefolium L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried or green mashed leaves used for pain.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
908,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
922,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Green plants smelled by old men for headaches.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
993,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken for pains in stomach, throat, chest and muscles.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
1027,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches caused by weak or sore eyes.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 44"
1036,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed green plant smelled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1037,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1038,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1039,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of boiled, whole plant applied to pains or sores.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1040,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, mashed and boiled leaves applied to sprained ankle pains.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1041,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, mashed leaves dampened with water applied with a cloth to tired, aching feet.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1042,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mashed leaves applied as a compress for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1067,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed green plant smelled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1068,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flower taken for stomachaches and used as a liniment for muscular pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1069,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1070,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of boiled, whole plant applied to pains or sores.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1096,44,Achillea sp.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Fresh, crushed flower inserted into the nostril for headaches.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
1178,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Rootstock ground, mixed with tobacco and smoked inhaled for headaches.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1184,55,Acorus calamus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root chewed for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
1198,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for bowel pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 42"
1199,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,171,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for bowel pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171"
1200,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,7,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant smoked for headaches.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 7"
1234,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of powdered roots and yellow pond lily roots or cow parsnip roots applied for headaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1281,55,Acorus calamus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"31, 74",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root used for stomachache and intestinal pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 31, 74"
1313,55,Acorus calamus L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"22, 23",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Root, a very powerful remedy, used for stomach cramps.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 22, 23"
1317,55,Acorus calamus L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,202,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for 'a cramp expected in the stomach.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 202"
1332,55,Acorus calamus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for stomach pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
1340,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
1414,59,Actaea pachypoda Ell.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,237238,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for childbirth pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237238"
1419,60,Actaea racemosa var. racemosa,32,Cherokee,105,w47,"73, 74",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root 'in spirits' used for rheumatic pains.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 73, 74"
1420,60,Actaea racemosa var. racemosa,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used as an anodyne.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
1445,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,6,Algonquin,202,b36,142,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Used for stomach pains, in some seasons for males, other seasons for females.","Bradley, Will T., 1936, Medical Practices of the New England Aborigines, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 25(2):138-147, page 142"
1460,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain caused by having 'swallowed hair.',"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
1517,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,"77, 78",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of twigs taken for stomach and intestinal pain.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 77, 78"
1542,70,Adiantum jordanii C. Muell.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,4,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used for 'pain below the shoulders.',"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 4"
1566,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,258,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used by children for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 258"
1639,77,Aesculus hippocastanum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,379,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of powdered roots used for chest pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 379"
1665,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,186,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used for chest pains from coughing.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186"
1677,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for cold and chest pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
1721,88,Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze,183,Paiute,12,tha41,33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of leaves used for stomach pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 33"
1892,100,Ageratina herbacea (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
2136,141,Allium cernuum Roth,133,Makah,25,g73,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
2157,141,Allium cernuum Roth,210,Quinault,25,g73,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
2240,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant smudge smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
2351,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of young plant taken for pain.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 38"
2365,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of twigs used as a liniment for pain of sprains, bruises, backache and headache.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
2413,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of compound containing buds applied for lung or hip pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2492,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease 'aching bones.',"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2494,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and other maladies.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2519,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bark applied to sores and aches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
2525,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of bark, fresh sea wrack and black twinberry applied for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
2597,173,Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for childbirth pain and infusion of bark used for various pains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
2623,174,Alnus sp.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark used for cramps.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54"
2634,174,Alnus sp.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,265,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion used as wash for sprains, bruises, headaches and backache.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"
2640,174,Alnus sp.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,309,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken for cramps.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
2679,178,Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) Schott,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant, other plants & water taken as a laxative & an appetizer for acute pain in stomach or bowels.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 17"
2685,180,Aloysia wrightii Heller ex Abrams,89,Havasupai,164,spier28,285,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant boiled and taken for headaches.,"Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 285"
2841,197,Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne,193,Pima,11,c49,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of crushed roots taken by women for pains and menstrual hemorrhage.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
2867,201,Ambrosia psilostachya DC.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and stem taken for cramps in the bowels.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 39"
2868,201,Ambrosia psilostachya DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,188,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and stems taken for bowel pains and bloody stools.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
3187,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,200,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200"
3189,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,17,g19,93,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93"
3190,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of twigs applied for neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
3240,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion steamed and inhaled for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
3282,239,Andropogon floridanus Scribn.,228,Seminole,88,s54,227,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 227"
3283,239,Andropogon floridanus Scribn.,228,Seminole,88,s54,285,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used for moving sickness: moving pain in the waist region.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 285"
3284,239,Andropogon floridanus Scribn.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used with a song or spell as an analgesic.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
3296,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
3307,241,Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P.,30,Catawba,115,t40,5,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used for backaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 5"
3319,245,Androsace septentrionalis L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"38, 39",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken for internal pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38, 39"
3323,246,Androsace septentrionalis ssp. subulifera (Gray) G.T. Robbins,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain from witches' arrows.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 35"
3333,248,Anemone canadensis L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for pain in the lumbar region.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
3337,249,Anemone cylindrica Gray,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,238,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for headache and dizzy spells.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238"
3345,250,Anemone multifida var. hudsoniana DC.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274275,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cottony flower burned on hot coals for headache.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274275"
3351,253,Anemone sp.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,200,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Snuff of powdered, dry leaves used as an errhine for headache.","Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200"
3372,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots used as a general pain remedy.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 8"
3432,259,Angelica atropurpurea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,400,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of plants used as steam bath to sweat out headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"
3446,259,Angelica atropurpurea L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of cooked, pounded root applied to painful areas.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 55"
3448,260,Angelica breweri Gray,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root chewed for headaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
3458,260,Angelica breweri Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"34, 35",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of pulped roots applied to rheumatic pains or swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 34, 35"
3505,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for headache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
3519,265,Angelica lucida L.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,427,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied for internal or external pain.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
3536,265,Angelica lucida L.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,376,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used to prepare sweatbath for localized pains.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 376"
3544,267,Angelica sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root burned and inhaled for headaches.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 23"
3548,267,Angelica sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,657,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used for 'a dry belly-ache' and back pains.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657"
3556,267,Angelica sp.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,371,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of roots applied to head and ears for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 371"
3569,267,Angelica sp.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,71,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pulverized root taken with water for stomachache.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 71"
3592,269,Angelica tomentosa S. Wats.,282,Yana,181,ss43,253,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken or poultice of roots applied for headaches.,"Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 253"
3606,275,Antennaria howellii Greene,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves taken for body pain, but not pain in the limbs.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
3634,282,Anthemis cotula L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used as a 'sudorific and anodyne for colds.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
3716,293,Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr.,30,Catawba,75,s37,188,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Pounded, powdered, boiled roots used for head pains.","Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"
3725,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Root used as snuff, herbal steam, poultice or in decoction for headache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
3756,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354355,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root smoke inhaled for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"
3837,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for persistent stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39"
3876,298,Apocynum sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Snuff of dried, pulverized root used to cause sneezing for 'relieving the head.'","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
3888,299,Aquilegia caerulea James,79,Gosiute,38,c11,362,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Seed chewed or infusion of roots used for abdominal pains.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 362"
3904,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3909,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3913,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3922,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,37,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Mashed fresh roots rubbed briskly on aching rheumatic joints.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 37"
3933,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,37,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 37"
3954,306,Aquilegia triternata Payson,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant for headaches or other severe pain.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 22"
3956,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
3961,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken as a diuretic and for lower back pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
3962,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
3982,312,Arabis perennans S. Wats.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for general body pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
4009,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
4103,319,Aralia racemosa L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Sweetened decoction of root given to children for 'gripes, colic, etc.'","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
4129,319,Aralia racemosa L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,257,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant and snakeroot used by women with back and side pain.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 257"
4130,319,Aralia racemosa L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots mixed with red osier dogwood and smoked for headaches.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
4136,319,Aralia racemosa L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used to make a drink taken for stomachache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 24"
4143,319,Aralia racemosa L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,"54, 55",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for headaches and female pains.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54, 55"
4267,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,173,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied to the head for headaches.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 173"
4268,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for headaches.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
4284,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,64,"Delaware, Ontario",22,t42,"66, 82",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves bound to body for pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 66, 82"
4292,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,211,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root used by women in labor.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 211"
4295,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,70,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied for rheumatic pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70"
4300,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
4309,329,Arctium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,474,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound poultice of smashed leaves applied to the head for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 474"
4310,329,Arctium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,474,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied to pain caused by sorcery.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 474"
4413,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,203,"Pomo, Little Lakes",89,c02,375,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
4535,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves, stems and berries taken for 'persistent' back pain.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4536,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,183,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for back pain and sprained backs.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4537,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves wetted and used for pain relief.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4538,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,183,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of wetted leaves rubbed on the back for pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4551,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Pulverized, dried leaves compounded and smoked for headache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
4719,355,Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa (Gray) Maguire,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion used as lotion on forehead for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
4725,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried root smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
4726,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of broken roots applied to the head for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
4727,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used as a salve for pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
4767,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,382,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root mixed with catfish oil and smeared on painful places.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 382"
4799,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of root used for headaches and various skin diseases.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
4812,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,276,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound snuff used for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276"
4813,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,276,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction or infusion of roots taken for pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276"
4841,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"70, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of dried root used as a liniment for pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70, 128"
4850,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed corm sprinkled on head and temples for headache and general pain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
4872,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,20,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for breast pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
4873,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for sharp darting pains and used as an anodyne.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
4874,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Taken for sharp pains in the breast and used as a wash for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
4891,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,20,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of roots taken for stomach pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
4892,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for stomach pain.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
4922,377,Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn.,64,"Delaware, Ontario",22,t42,"66, 82",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied for neuralgia.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 66, 82"
4927,378,Arnica acaulis (Walt.) B.S.P.,30,Catawba,75,s37,189,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for back pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 189"
4964,386,Artemisia biennis Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for cramps and painful menstruation.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
4978,387,Artemisia californica Less.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied to the tooth for pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
5049,393,Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth.,291,Zuni,6,s15,"42, 43",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Seeds placed on coals and used as a sweatbath for body pains from a serious cold.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 42, 43"
5052,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a compress for rheumatism pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
5069,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves worn in nostrils for headaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
5076,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, green leaves used as a compress for headaches.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39"
5080,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,119,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction or infusion of leaves taken for stomachache and cramps associated with diarrhea.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 119"
5091,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,276,Washo,12,tha41,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39"
5093,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for pains or 'troubles inside.',"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 45"
5094,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of pounded leaves applied for rheumatism, arthritic or back pains.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 45"
5139,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,76,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of mashed, dampened leaves applied to the forehead for headaches.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
5149,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant used as a headwash for headaches.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5185,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used to wash the head and temples for headache.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5186,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh plants used as a bed in the sweatbath for aching bones or muscles.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5187,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant used as a headwash for headaches.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5260,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,30,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for headaches associated with fevers.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 30"
5315,398,Artemisia furcata var. heterophylla (Bess.) Hult‚n,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,392,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 392"
5356,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,18,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed leaves used as snuff for headaches.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 18"
5357,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Snuff of crushed leaves used for headache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 44"
5427,400,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. incompta (Nutt.) Keck,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Hot infusion of plant taken for headache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
5448,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,183,Paiute,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a soaking bath for aching feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5449,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,183,Paiute,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Hot or cold decoction of whole plant or young growth taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5450,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,183,Paiute,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of steamed plants or bruised leaves used for rheumatism or other aches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5451,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,183,Paiute,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of steeped leaves used as a compress for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5473,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,217,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves placed in the nostrils for an hour for a headache.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 217"
5476,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5477,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Hot or cold decoction of whole plant or young growth taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5478,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of steeped leaves used, especially for babies, as a compress for fevers.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5500,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,276,Washo,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves taken and used as a cooling, aromatic wash for headaches.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5528,404,Artemisia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used as a bitter tonic for headaches.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 41"
5534,404,Artemisia sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used for headache.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
5635,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,13,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant fumes inhaled for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13"
5663,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,81,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of plants used for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 81"
5674,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for postpartum pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
5693,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Burning plant used as an inhalant for headache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5694,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of branches taken for headache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5695,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of branches taken for stomachaches, especially children's.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5735,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
5736,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Small plant pieces stuffed into the nostrils for headaches.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
5757,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of branches taken for stomach cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5758,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5759,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Hot poultice of branches applied for various aches and pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5760,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, moistened, green leaves applied to forehead for headache.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5830,409,Artemisia tripartita ssp. tripartita,157,Navajo,74,e44,97,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"
5834,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,105,Karok,71,sg52,390,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken by women for the pains of afterbirth.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 390"
5841,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves worn in nostrils for headaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
5881,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
5933,418,Arundinaria gigantea ssp. tecta (Walt.) McClure,39,Choctaw,115,t40,6,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for breast pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 6"
5953,421,Asarum canadense L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,21,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken to cause vomiting for stomach pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"
5980,421,Asarum canadense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,308,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of roots given to children with headaches and fevers.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 308"
5981,421,Asarum canadense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,309,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for long lasting headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 309"
6022,421,Asarum canadense L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,204,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 204"
6031,421,Asarum canadense L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for cramps and as a stomachic.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55"
6041,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant used externally for headache, intestinal pain and knee pain.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56"
6085,427,Asclepias cryptoceras S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 47"
6153,438,Asclepias perennis Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken with root of 'virgin's bower' for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
6163,440,Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken with root of 'virgin's bower' for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
6171,441,Asclepias sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Gum applied to insect sting pain.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
6232,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for headaches and general debility.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
6249,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for headaches and general debility.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
6276,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken with root of 'virgin's bower' for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
6331,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Used for breast, stomach and intestinal pains.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
6442,459,Aster sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and roots used as a wash for pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
6467,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots pulverized and chewed for chest and back pains.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 45"
6528,488,Astragalus pachypus Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,14,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for menstrual pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 14"
6543,493,Astragalus purshii var. tinctus M.E. Jones,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,15,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for menstrual pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 15"
6570,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,14,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stems taken for body pains.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
6576,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,237,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken by women for bosom pains caused by childbirth.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237"
6601,501,Atriplex argentea Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used as a fumigant for pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
6633,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of tops or roots taken as an emetic for gastric pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
6811,537,Baccharis sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion used to bathe the head for headaches.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
6822,540,Bahia dissecta (Gray) Britt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction taken for menstrual pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
6826,540,Bahia dissecta (Gray) Britt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Powdered plant rubbed on affected parts for headache.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 62"
6843,548,Balsamorhiza incana Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,189,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189"
6844,548,Balsamorhiza incana Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,189,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves, roots and stems used as a steam bath for headaches.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189"
6857,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,"38, 39",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38, 39"
6858,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,189,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains and headaches.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189"
6859,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Steam of decoction of plant inhaled for headache and used as wash on head.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38"
6887,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of ground root cooled and taken for headaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
6910,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"50, 51",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 50, 51"
6924,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,219,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of root prepared in various ways and applied to painful areas.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 219"
7120,577,Betula nana L.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,5,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5"
7127,578,Betula nigra L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
7228,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root bark cooked with maple sugar as syrup for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
7271,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
7341,588,Bidens coronata (L.) Britt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,206,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of roots taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 206"
7364,591,Bignonia capreolata L.,116,Koasati,115,t40,57,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark used as a bath and taken for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
7386,594,Blephilia ciliata (L.) Benth.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
7496,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"71, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of fresh leaves applied to headaches.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 71, 128"
7497,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,264,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves bound to the skin for headache.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 264"
7498,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mustard applied to body pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7499,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for headache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7507,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mustard applied to body pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7508,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for headache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7517,619,Brassica oleracea L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of green leaves bound to head for headache.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
7558,627,Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of dried leaves taken for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
7678,666,Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray,61,Dakota,17,g19,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for internal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"
7679,666,Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray,61,Dakota,17,g19,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Smoke of dried root used to bathe aching body parts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"
7932,713,Campanula rotundifolia L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as ceremonial fumigant for head trouble.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
7960,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,174,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of powdered leaves and stems taken or small quantities of powder eaten for head pains.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 174"
7961,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of entire plant taken for dysentery cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
7970,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"71, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of seed pods taken for stomach pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 71, 128"
7999,729,Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of smashed roots applied to the head for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 340"
8016,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of root used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
8253,761,Carum carvi L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used as an analgesic.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
8260,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for poliomyelitis pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8307,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for poliomyelitis pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8327,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Fresh, small shoots steamed as inhalant for headache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
8376,768,Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for poliomyelitis pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8442,775,Castanea pumila (L.) P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,29,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Brittle leaves heated and blown on patient for headaches.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29"
8486,788,Castilleja linariifolia Benth.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for stomachaches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
8561,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
8578,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for stomach cramps accompanying painful menstruation.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
8703,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and leaves used internally and externally for dull pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
8708,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of stem and leaf taken and used as a wash for dull, body pains.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
8709,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and leaves used internally and externally for dull pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
8725,820,Celastrus scandens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Strong compound infusion used for pain of childbirth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
8738,820,Celastrus scandens L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,661,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used by women with urinary trouble or pain in small of back.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 661"
8762,820,Celastrus scandens L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,208209,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root used for 'the relief of women in labor.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 208209"
8814,829,Centaurium exaltatum (Griseb.) W. Wight ex Piper,144,Miwok,100,bg33,168,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and leaves taken for internal pains.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168"
8838,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,283,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 283"
8907,841,Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,53-55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 53-55"
8991,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,365,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Mashed plant rubbed on limbs for soreness or aching.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 365"
8997,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of young leaves taken or put on the hair for headaches.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
9023,851,Chaenactis santolinoides Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,19,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of roots taken for sore chest, sore shoulders and internal soreness.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 19"
9044,854,Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom,291,Zuni,6,s15,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pulverized plant applied for pain from cold or rheumatism.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 55"
9059,856,Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"56, 57",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken for stomachaches or cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 56, 57"
9135,861,Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as herbal steam for headache and backache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
9136,861,Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves and bark applied for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
9154,865,Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion used for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
9164,866,Chamaesyce fendleri (Torr. & Gray) Small,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion or decoction used for stomachache and diarrhea.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
9237,880,Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion or decoction of plant taken for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
9283,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,5,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5"
9287,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,100,Iroquois,7,h77,389,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark applied as poultice for pain anywhere in the body.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 389"
9439,895,Chenopodium ambrosioides L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,63,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied for headaches.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 63"
9458,896,Chenopodium botrys L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken orally and used to moisten head for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
9505,900,Chenopodium graveolens Willd.,291,Zuni,6,s15,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant steeped in water and vapor inhaled for headache.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
9578,913,Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of root used for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
9598,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,30,Catawba,115,t40,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for backache.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47"
9666,916,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica (Blake) Hult‚n,100,Iroquois,7,h77,407,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 407"
9741,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,273,Wailaki,89,c02,319,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bulb rubbed on body for cramps.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
9821,938,Cibotium chamissoi Kaulfuss,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of powdered bark and other plants taken for chest pains.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 43"
9837,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,20,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,'Mashed root put on a hot stone and sore limbs laid directly over it.',"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 20"
9848,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,71,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used for headaches.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 71"
9856,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a wash for aching bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9857,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of root used for severe pain in the legs and back.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9881,943,Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"58, 59",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of roasted roots applied to 'deaden muscular pain.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 58, 59"
9904,950,Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for neuralgia.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
9934,955,Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used for stomachaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 213"
10002,971,Cirsium sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
10005,971,Cirsium sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Raw stalks chewed for stomach pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26"
10032,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for neuralgia.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
10046,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used by men and women for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
10149,1005,Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mashed plants applied for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59"
10201,1017,Clematis hirsutissima Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used for headaches.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10203,1017,Clematis hirsutissima Pursh,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for congested nose pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27"
10211,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,7,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of foliage applied for chest pains.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 7"
10218,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for headaches.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 55"
10226,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 47"
10230,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for backache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27"
10244,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branches used to whip sore or painful areas as a counter-irritant.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
10245,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed dried leaves used as snuff or fresh leaves smelled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
10246,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches or cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
10247,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mashed leaves applied for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
10274,1022,Clematis virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion with milkweed used for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
10457,1046,Collinsonia canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,429,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of powdered leaves applied to the forehead for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 429"
10482,1050,Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,246,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaf taken for lung pains.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 246"
10497,1051,Comandra umbellata ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl,272,Ute,142,c09,33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used for headaches.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 33"
10500,1052,Comarum palustre L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384385,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used alone for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384385"
10505,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,149,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken or crushed leaf perfume inhaled for headaches.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 149"
10529,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for headache and inflammation.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
10539,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for flux and stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
10598,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root and leaves taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
10605,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,95,Hopi,37,w39,"33, 96",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of rubbed plant applied to temples for headache.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 96"
10678,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,74,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for babies with teething pains.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 74"
10705,1076,Cordylanthus wrightii Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for menstrual pain and by men for leg or body aches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
10735,1084,Coreopsis tripteris L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems taken for internal pains.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 213"
10748,1088,Cornus alternifolia L. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark chewed for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
10796,1089,Cornus amomum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,402,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 402"
10821,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,170,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for side pains.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170"
10822,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for side pains.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
10833,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,31,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark used for body pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31"
10834,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"26, 74",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing bark used for body pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 74"
10862,1093,Cornus florida L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark chewed for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
10939,1098,Cornus racemosa Lam.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,"218, 219",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark held in mouth for neuralgia.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 218, 219"
11010,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,27,Carrier,134,c73,71,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of water soaked, inner bark applied with warmed ashes as a pain killer.","Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 71"
11050,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,100,Iroquois,7,h77,403,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 403"
11071,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plants mixed with spikenard roots and smoked for headaches.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
11075,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Herb used for headache.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
11171,1108,Corydalis curvisiliqua ssp. occidentalis (Engelm. ex Gray) W.A. Weber,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken for stomachache and used as lotion for backache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
11184,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing charcoal pricked into temples with needles for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
11330,1121,Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,241,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of twigs used for a pain in the side and bladder trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 241"
11426,1131,Crataegus sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
11455,1134,Crepis acuminata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of seeds or plant applied to sore breasts after childbirth.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 62"
11481,1145,Croton setigerus Hook.,49,Concow,89,c02,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, bruised leaves applied to chest for internal pains.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 363"
11487,1145,Croton setigerus Hook.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a wash or taken for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 28"
11505,1146,Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg.,102,Jemez,28,c30,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of ground whole plant, roots and salt taken for headaches.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
11530,1148,Cryptantha cinerea var. jamesii Cronq.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"32, 88",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of pounded plant applied for body pains.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32, 88"
11546,1153,Cryptantha fulvocanescens var. fulvocanescens,157,Navajo,74,e44,72,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain from a fall.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 72"
11617,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pulverized root mixed with water and taken for pains.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
11760,1168,Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
11768,1169,Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis (Abrams) E. Murray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of dried seeds taken for sore chest.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 22"
11799,1178,Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"33, 74",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headache.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 74"
11841,1188,Cymopterus purpurascens (Gray) M.E. Jones,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for backache.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34"
11867,1195,Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,359360,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant burned on live coals and fumes inhaled for headaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 359360"
11910,1205,Cypripedium acaule Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for neuralgia and other pain and infusion taken for 'rupture pains.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
11919,1205,Cypripedium acaule Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,289,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction taken for pains all over the skin and body, caused by bad blood.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 289"
11926,1206,Cypripedium arietinum Ait. f.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,288,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for intestinal trouble with inflation and pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 288"
11929,1208,Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for neuralgia and other pain and infusion taken for 'rupture pains.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
11949,1209,Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,69,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used with another plant for lower back pain.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 69"
11968,1216,Dalea candida var. candida,157,Navajo,74,e44,57,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of plants used for abdomen pain caused by colds and loose bowels.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 57"
11969,1216,Dalea candida var. candida,157,Navajo,74,e44,57,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots chewed for pain.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 57"
11974,1216,Dalea candida var. candida,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"
12036,1231,Daphne mezereum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Root bark used for nocturnal, venereal disease pains.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
12037,1231,Daphne mezereum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root bark used for venereal disease pains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
12091,1240,Datura discolor Bernh.,193,Pima,11,c49,85,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken to mitigate the pains of childbirth.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 85"
12101,1242,Datura sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,73,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as pain killer for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 73"
12126,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Powdered leaves made into an ointment and applied as a pain killer in setting bones.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12127,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Powdered leaves made into an ointment and applied for pain in specific areas of the body.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12153,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,50,Costanoan,16,b84,14,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied for chest pains.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14"
12178,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of mashed roots taken for the pain of broken bones.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 23"
12179,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain and swellings.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 23"
12208,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Cold infusion of root taken and used as a lotion for injury pain, a narcotic.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42"
12422,1280,Desmodium incanum var. incanum,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
12423,1280,Desmodium incanum var. incanum,228,Seminole,88,s54,256,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for adult's sickness caused by adultery: headache, body pains and crossed fingers.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 256"
12426,1281,Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used as a wash for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
12428,1282,Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.,96,Houma,49,speck41,63,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots in whiskey taken for weakness or cramps.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 63"
12430,1283,Desmodium perplexum Schub.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used as a wash for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
12449,1288,Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould,228,Seminole,88,s54,323,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves rubbed on the abdomen for labor pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 323"
12458,1291,Dichanthelium strigosum var. glabrescens (Griseb.) Freckmann,228,Seminole,88,s54,323,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves rubbed on the abdomen for labor pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 323"
12493,1298,Diervilla lonicera P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
12556,1308,Dioscorea villosa L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,220,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used by women for pain at childbirth.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 220"
12596,1317,Dirca palustris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,388,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of bark and roots taken for back pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 388"
12626,1318,Disporum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for internal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
12672,1330,Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Cold, compound infusion of leaves taken for headache.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
12689,1335,Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,5,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5"
12738,1346,Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc.,125,Lakota,108,r80,37,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant breathed in for headaches.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 37"
12743,1346,Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132133,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves stuffed up nostrils to cause nosebleed for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132133"
12748,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,188,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of powdered leaves and roots used as a wash for sore and painful necks.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
12755,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,61,Dakota,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12756,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,61,Dakota,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12775,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12776,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12791,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12792,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12801,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12802,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12811,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,240,"Sioux, Teton",190,d18,270,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for bowel pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1918, Teton Sioux Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #61, page 270"
12815,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12816,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12828,1349,Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,212,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for stomach cramps and fits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 212"
12853,1350,Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.,238,Sioux,30,h92,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in the smoke treatment for headache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 38"
12935,1369,Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray,138,Menominee,51,s23,"33, 34",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of pulverized root used for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 33, 34"
12939,1369,Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,220,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of pounded root applied for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 220"
12959,1373,Ehrendorferia chrysantha (Hook. & Arn.) Rylander,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Dried, mashed roots place in heated bag and applied to the heart for heart pains.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 26"
13005,1376,Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes,228,Seminole,88,s54,210,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 210"
13006,1376,Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes,228,Seminole,88,s54,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 213"
13099,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,102,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of plant applied for pain.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102"
13106,1397,Encelia virginensis var. actonii (Elmer) B.L. Turner,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers used as a wash for rheumatic pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"
13153,1404,Ephedra sp.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,68,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for painful bloating of the stomach.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 68"
13233,1410,Epigaea repens L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken to cause vomiting for abdominal pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 48"
13241,1410,Epigaea repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,410,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound used for labor pains in parturition.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 410"
13262,1414,Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum,95,Hopi,37,w39,"33, 86",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for leg pains.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 86"
13302,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,261,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for headaches and pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 261"
13326,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"55, 56",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant used for lumbago.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 55, 56"
13356,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,60,Crow,30,h92,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice used for bladder and prostate pains.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 58"
13436,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,15,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken or cold infusion used as a lotion for backaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15"
13559,1439,Eriastrum filifolium (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"80, 81",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a bath for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 80, 81"
13591,1448,Ericameria nana Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,36,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flowering tops taken for stomachaches or stomach cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 36"
13606,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"49, 50",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves made into a lotion and used for headache and decoction of root used for menstrual pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49, 50"
13648,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,79,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of twigs taken for chest pain.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 79"
13693,1457,Ericameria palmeri var. palmeri,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,78,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves and twigs applied to feet for swelling and pain.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 78"
13707,1462,Erigeron aphanactis var. aphanactis,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"70, 71",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for stomachaches and cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 70, 71"
13711,1462,Erigeron aphanactis var. aphanactis,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"70, 71",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for stomachaches and cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 70, 71"
13722,1468,Erigeron concinnus (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. & Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for general body pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50"
13725,1469,Erigeron concinnus var. condensatus D.C. Eat.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as a lotion for headaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 47"
13729,1470,Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as a snuff for headaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 47"
13752,1474,Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used as a wash for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 28"
13772,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used as a poultice for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
13787,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,213214,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Snuff of powdered florets used for sick headaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 213214"
13796,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,83,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and blossoms taken for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
13798,1481,Erigeron pulchellus Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used as a poultice for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
13813,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for backache, stomachache or menstrual cramps.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13814,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Salve of toasted, crushed plant and grease rubbed on painful area.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
13821,1484,Erigeron speciosus var. macranthus (Nutt.) Cronq.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction taken for menstrual pain and as a contraceptive.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50"
13826,1485,Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for sick headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
13840,1487,Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"71, 72",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 71, 72"
13841,1487,Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"71, 72",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of decoction of stems, leaves and flowers applied for rheumatic pains.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 71, 72"
13857,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,78,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves used as a wash for 'sore parts' or painful, fatigued limbs.","Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 78"
13861,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,13,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied to the forehead for headaches.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 13"
13935,1494,Eriogonum alatum Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 42"
13951,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13952,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13986,1501,Eriogonum corymbosum Benth.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,216,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken three times a day for headaches.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 216"
13998,1506,Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,78,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headache and stomach pain.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 78"
14024,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14025,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14057,1514,Eriogonum jamesii Benth.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken to ease labor pains.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"
14069,1515,Eriogonum latifolium Sm.,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,345,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves, stems and roots taken for stomach pains and headaches.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 345"
14073,1516,Eriogonum leptophyllum (Torr. & Gray) Woot. & Standl.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant used for postpartum pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"
14114,1527,Eriogonum racemosum Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,19,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for backaches and sideaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 19"
14133,1530,Eriogonum sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for pain in hips and back, especially during pregnancy.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35"
14134,1530,Eriogonum sp.,95,Hopi,82,c74,314,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for severe pain in hips and back, especially in pregnant state.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 314"
14135,1530,Eriogonum sp.,95,Hopi,82,c74,314,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for severe pain in hips and back.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 314"
14148,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14149,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14150,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14173,1533,Eriogonum umbellatum Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,73,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 73"
14247,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,59,Creek,115,t40,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of pounded roots taken for neuralgia.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
14248,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655656,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of root taken for neuralgia and kidney troubles.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655656"
14267,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,257,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for dead people's sickness. The symptoms of this disease are numb and painful legs, neck, shoulders and perhaps the backbone.  The sufferer is sleepy during the day, has 'short breath,' and loses appetite.  Fever and headaches also accompany this illness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 257"
14268,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,191,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of roots used for cow sickness: lower chest pain, digestive disturbances and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 191"
14269,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,248,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken by men for menstruation sickness: stomachache, headache and body soreness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 248"
14270,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,161,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"
14302,1553,Erysimum capitatum (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"28, 29",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed leaves 'smelled' for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28, 29"
14315,1554,Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum,240,"Sioux, Teton",190,d18,269,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seed taken and used externally for stomach or bowel cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1918, Teton Sioux Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #61, page 269"
14319,1557,Erysimum sp.,291,Zuni,6,s15,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant applied to forehead and temples for headache from heat.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 50"
14324,1558,Erythrina herbacea L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,666,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of root taken by women for bowel pain.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 666"
14378,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,351,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root juice used as a wash for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 351"
14404,1572,Eucalyptus sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,73,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Oil used for rubbing over backaches and rheumatic pain.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73"
14410,1574,Euonymus americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for stomachache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
14492,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,457,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for pains in the stomach and on the left side.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 457"
14493,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,457,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of smashed plants applied for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 457"
14577,1585,Euphorbia brachycera Engelm.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,30,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for injuries and pain.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 30"
14628,1594,Eurybia furcata (Burgess) Nesom,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"49, 50",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves rubbed on head for severe headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 49, 50"
14633,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used to bathe the head for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
14639,1596,Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Greene,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for chest pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
14641,1597,Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,366,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of flowers taken for chest pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366"
15001,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for stomachaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384"
15132,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of four bark strips used as a skin wash for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
15167,1654,Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb.,101,Isleta,76,j31,29,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of large, salted leaves applied to the head for headaches.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
15245,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,412,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for painful urination.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412"
15335,1665,Freycinetia arborea Gaud.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Shoots and leaves laid over the sheets in bed for severe body pain.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 22"
15395,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice applied for aches and pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
15420,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,84,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Flowers used to 'paint' the body for pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 84"
15424,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,469,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for headache and general indisposition.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469"
15429,1676,Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr.,95,Hopi,37,w39,96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as a diuretic for painful urination.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
15444,1679,Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,256,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Roots used for adult's sickness caused by adultery: headache, body pains and crossed fingers.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 256"
15445,1679,Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,253,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Roots used for baby sickness caused by adultery: appetite loss, fever, headache and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 253"
15500,1687,Galium fendleri Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
15525,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,379,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Nettles or vines and then hellebore used to rub the chest for chest pains.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 379"
15526,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant rubbed on the skin for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
15571,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,216,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used for headaches and general discomforts.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 216"
15619,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"56, 57",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used for lumbago and rheumatism.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 56, 57"
15757,1713,Gentiana affinis Griseb.,157,Navajo,74,e44,69,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used as a snuff for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 69"
15761,1715,Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,413,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used as a wash and taken for pain and headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413"
15832,1727,Geranium maculatum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,222,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used for neuralgia and toothache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 222"
15879,1731,Geum aleppicum Jacq.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,200,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Weak decoction of root taken for chest soreness.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200"
15889,1735,Geum macrophyllum Willd.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
15920,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in sweatbath for sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
15943,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a wash for pain.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15944,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in the sweatbath for aching joints and sore, stiff muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15971,1745,Gilia sp.,291,Zuni,6,s15,"52, 53",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken and applied to head for headache.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 52, 53"
16022,1756,Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin.,30,Catawba,115,t40,6,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of beaten roots taken for backaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 6"
16031,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for chest pains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
16163,1771,Grindelia camporum Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to sore parts of the body.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33"
16175,1776,Grindelia nana Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"81, 82",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"
16242,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"81, 82",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"
16304,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,157,Navajo,74,e44,86,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant ashes rubbed on the body for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86"
16305,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,157,Navajo,141,h56,151,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 151"
16321,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for painful urination and stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
16343,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used on hot coals to fumigate patient with painful menstruation.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 56"
16381,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pulverized pod sniffed to cause sneezing for headaches.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16407,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for periodic pains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
16452,1803,Hedeoma drummondii Benth.,157,Navajo,74,e44,72,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 72"
16467,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headaches.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
16480,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"29, 76",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 76"
16482,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,426,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plants taken for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 426"
16493,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
16529,1814,Helenium autumnale L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,129,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of dried flowers applied to small cuts made on temples for headache.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 129"
16530,1814,Helenium autumnale L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,129,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Snuff of compounded flowers used to cause sneezing for headaches.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 129"
16551,1819,Helianthella uniflora (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"83, 84",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used as a wash or compress for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 83, 84"
16555,1820,Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"27, 76",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken and poultice of root applied for sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 27, 76"
16563,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,369,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of flowers used for chest pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 369"
16646,1824,Helianthus cusickii Gray,230,Shasta,149,h46,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pounded roots used in a steambath for internal pain.,"Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 340"
16741,1849,Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark,32,Cherokee,115,t40,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken as an emetic for abdominal pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
16748,1849,Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark,100,Iroquois,7,h77,328,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plants taken by pregnant women with side or labor pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 328"
16779,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of compound containing roots used for lung or hip pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
16812,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of root, calamus and yellow pond lily used as a wash for severe headaches.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
16813,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of ground root, calamus and yellow pond lily applied to the head for severe headaches.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
16833,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,400,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of plant used as steam bath for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"
16865,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,249,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Seeds used for severe headache and root used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 249"
16890,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16912,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,210,Quinault,25,g73,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of warmed leaves applied to sore limbs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"
16917,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,220,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of roots applied overnight to 'painful parts, sore eyes, etc.'","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220"
16930,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,236,Sikani,9,s29,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mashed roots applied to swellings of neuralgia or rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
16991,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,355,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for various aches and pains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355"
17009,1864,Heterotheca villosa var. villosa,95,Hopi,37,w39,95,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers used for chest pain.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95"
17035,1865,Heuchera americana L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,130,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root used for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 130"
17039,1866,Heuchera americana var. hispida (Pursh) E. Wells,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried root chewed and juice swallowed for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
17091,1874,Heuchera novomexicana Wheelock,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken as needed for internal pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
17106,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"29, 30",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29, 30"
17137,1880,Hexastylis arifolia (Michx.) Small,30,Catawba,75,s37,190,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 190"
17140,1881,Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia,30,Catawba,115,t40,20,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains or backaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
17141,1881,Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia,30,Catawba,75,s37,188,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for severe pain in the heart from heart disease.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"
17230,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,76,Flathead,30,h92,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion used for 'sharp pains inside.',"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28"
17426,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,'Alleviates pain and produces sleep.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
17433,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,362,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of fruits taken for intestinal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 362"
17447,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,130,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Blossoms used for pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 130"
17459,1921,Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides E. Small,61,Dakota,17,g19,77,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of fruit taken for intestinal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
17476,1924,Huperzia selago var. selago,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,18,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of the whole plant applied to the head for headaches.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 18"
17543,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,130,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root used for chest pain.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 130"
17597,1951,Hymenoxys hoopesii (Gray) Bierner,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Snuff of crushed blossoms and string plant leaves inhaled for headaches.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"
17624,1959,Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for colic.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
17654,1964,Hypericum hypericoides ssp. hypericoides,96,Houma,49,speck41,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of root taken, especially in childbirth, for severe pain.","Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 55"
17676,1968,Hypericum scouleri Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,89,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a bath for aching feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89"
17679,1968,Hypericum scouleri Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,89,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a bath for aching feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89"
17768,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,357358,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice of fresh plant rubbed on head for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357358"
17775,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant taken for stomach cramps and used as a liniment for soreness.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 42"
17810,1984,Inula helenium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,465,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound roots used for chest pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 465"
17832,1984,Inula helenium L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried roots finely powdered and snuffed for headaches.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
17835,1984,Inula helenium L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,57,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for headaches.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57"
17845,1986,Ionactis linariifolius (L.) Greene,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of roots used for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
17853,1989,Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,52,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of pounded flowers, leaves and salt applied to the back for pain.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 52"
17869,1990,Ipomoea leptophylla Torr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pulverized root dusted on body for pain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
17888,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,419,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for abdominal pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 419"
17889,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,419,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of powdered plants taken for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 419"
17934,1996,Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"76, 77",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, whole plant applied for rheumatic aches.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 76, 77"
17949,1999,Ipomopsis congesta ssp. congesta,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of dried, powdered blossoms applied for pain.","Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
17979,2002,Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora,95,Hopi,37,w39,87,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used for stomachache.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 87"
17989,2002,Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for stomachache and arthritis.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40"
18000,2002,Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pulverized flowers and leaves used for headache.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 55"
18005,2003,Ipomopsis multiflora (Nutt.) V. Grant,291,Zuni,6,s15,52,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Powdered, whole plant applied to face for headache.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 52"
18033,2011,Iris missouriensis Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"89, 90",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90"
18040,2011,Iris missouriensis Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"89, 90",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90"
18041,2011,Iris missouriensis Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"89, 90",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mashed roots applied for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90"
18101,2017,Iris versicolor L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"74, 130",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of pulverized root mixed with flour applied to pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130"
18102,2017,Iris versicolor L.,150,Montagnais,110,tan28,268,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound poultice of plant and flour applied to pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 268"
18103,2017,Iris versicolor L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed plant mixed with flour applied to any pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
18128,2020,Isocoma pluriflora (Torr. & Gray) Greene,193,Pima,11,c49,101,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of plant applied for muscular pain.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 101"
18135,2021,Iva axillaris Pursh,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"90, 91",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion or decoction of plant taken, especially by children, for stomachaches or cramps.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 90, 91"
18185,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,295,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of plants taken for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 295"
18279,2034,Juglans nigra L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,296,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bark applied for headache.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 296"
18408,2053,Juniperus californica Carr.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,6,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 6"
18411,2053,Juniperus californica Carr.,65,Diegueno,122,h75,216,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and bark taken for hangovers.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216"
18429,2054,Juniperus communis L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of roots, leaves, branches and bark taken for stomach pain.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
18443,2054,Juniperus communis L.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Steam from boiling branches inhaled for headache and chest pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
18687,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction used for postpartum or menstrual pain and cold infusion used for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18721,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"39, 40",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of toasted leafy twigs applied to bruise or sprain pains.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 39, 40"
18776,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of berries taken for menstrual cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18777,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of young twigs taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18778,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fumes from burning twigs or leaves inhaled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18842,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,276,Washo,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18868,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,157,Navajo,141,h56,152,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Seeds eaten for headaches.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 152"
18871,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of berries taken for menstrual cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18872,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of young twigs taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18873,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches and colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18900,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,130,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roasted berry steam used for pains.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 130"
18924,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,276,Washo,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18932,2061,Juniperus pinchotii Sudsworth,48,Comanche,143,j68,3,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried leaves sprinkled on live coals and smoke inhaled for headache.,"Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 3"
18993,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,15,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15"
18994,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for headache and stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
19085,2063,Juniperus sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,657,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of warm sprigs and leaves applied to rheumatic aches and pains.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657"
19179,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bruised leaves and berries used internally for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
19205,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,210,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 210"
19206,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 213"
19207,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,262,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Leaves used for scalping sickness: severe headache, backache and low fever.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 262"
19245,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves boiled and used for headaches.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
19251,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,57,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Herb used for pain, swellings and sprains.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57"
19252,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,141,Micmac,103,s17,316,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves bound to head for headache.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 316"
19257,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,314,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken sparingly for backache.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314"
19261,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound poultice of plant used on cuts made in painful area to treat pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
19263,2071,Kalmia latifolia L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves put on scratches made over location of the pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 48"
19321,2079,Krameria grayi Rose & Painter,193,Pima,11,c49,91,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for pain.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 91"
19367,2083,Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of root taken for body pain, but not pain in the limbs.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
19375,2084,Lactuca canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for pain and infusion given 'for calming nerves.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
19382,2084,Lactuca canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,478,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 478"
19423,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,96,Houma,49,speck41,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to the forehead for headaches.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 62"
19446,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,228,Seminole,88,s54,256,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Seeds used for adult's sickness caused by adultery: headache, body pains and crossed fingers.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 256"
19451,2091,Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of grass with 'small tassels' taken for headaches.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 23"
19477,2097,Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots on hot stones use as an inhalant or snuff of raw root used for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
19497,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,7,h77,268,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fermented compound decoction taken for soreness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268"
19528,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Boiled, crushed leaves and bark used as herbal steam for headache and backache.","Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
19529,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves and bark applied for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
19588,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,36,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for sore and aching parts of the body.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36"
19600,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of twigs taken for gas pains or headaches caused by upset stomachs.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 61"
19601,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for pain or used as bath and rub for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 61"
19602,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated branches and leaves applied for pain.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 61"
19645,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"96, 97",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for bowel cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 96, 97"
19655,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branches used as bed for women with menstrual cramps or after childbirth.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64"
19746,2121,Lechea minor L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
19761,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,214,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used for headaches.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 214"
19768,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,63,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
19778,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of flowering tops used for insect sting pain.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
19888,2127,Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens (Ait.) Hult‚n,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,5,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of stem and leaf used for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5"
19910,2132,Lepechinia calycina (Benth.) Epling ex Munz,144,Miwok,100,bg33,173,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173"
19914,2134,Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.,101,Isleta,76,j31,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves chewed for headaches.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
19958,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"97, 98",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 97, 98"
19960,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"97, 98",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 97, 98"
19981,2151,Lessingia glandulifera var. glandulifera,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,36,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of dried stem bark used for pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36"
20000,2156,Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion used for 'shifting pains.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
20125,2165,Liatris laxa Small,228,Seminole,88,s54,191,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of roots used for cow sickness: lower chest pain, digestive disturbances and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 191"
20143,2167,Liatris punctata var. punctata,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for stomachache.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20161,2171,Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used as an anodyne and decoction or tincture used for backache and limb pains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
20172,2173,Licania michauxii Prance,228,Seminole,88,s54,227,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 227"
20173,2173,Licania michauxii Prance,228,Seminole,88,s54,165,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 165"
20174,2173,Licania michauxii Prance,228,Seminole,88,s54,323,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots and leaves used for labor pains and hasten the birth.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 323"
20223,2179,Ligusticum grayi Coult. & Rose,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used to avoid pains.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
20355,2198,Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume,59,Creek,115,t40,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of branches taken and steambath used to cause perspiring for aches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 24"
20380,2201,Linnaea borealis L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,18,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of the whole plant applied to the head for headaches.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 18"
20411,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,30,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 30"
20489,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bruised leaves bound to head for neuralgic pain.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
20608,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,185,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of dried, powdered leaves and stems applied for rheumatic pains.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185"
20632,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound given for pain and poultice of crushed leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
20645,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,452,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken or poultice applied for pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 452"
20667,2222,Lobelia inflata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of root used for body aches and leaves rubbed on aches and stiff neck.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
20692,2224,Lobelia siphilitica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound given for pain and poultice of crushed leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
20737,2232,Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root moxa used for arthritic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 44"
20787,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,129,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots mixed with tobacco and smoked for headaches.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129"
20788,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,129,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots smoked and decoction of roots taken or used as a head wash for head pains.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129"
20819,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,182,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of dried, powdered roots taken for stomach pains or any internal disorder.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 182"
20820,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,182,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pulverized stems and leaves taken for stomach pains or any internal disorder.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 182"
20846,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,37,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pounded roots applied as a salve to sore limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 37"
20987,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed seeds applied or chewed seeds blown on head for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
21039,2248,Lomatium orientale Coult. & Rose,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,182,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pounded roots and leaves taken for bowel pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 182"
21040,2248,Lomatium orientale Coult. & Rose,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots and leaves used or dried roots and leaves eaten for bowel pain.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26"
21079,2255,Lomatium utriculatum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,89,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots chewed or soaked in water and taken for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89"
21169,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,382,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed leaves with yellow cedar rubbed on painful places.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 382"
21170,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,380,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of bark used as foot bath for painful legs and feet.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 380"
21180,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of bark and berries or leaves, fresh sea wrack and alder bark applied for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
21222,2267,Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,443,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of hot bark applied to abdomen for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 443"
21245,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of plants applied for rheumatic pains.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21280,2279,Lotus wrightii (Gray) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,32,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32"
21290,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
21294,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,259,Thompson,33,steed28,472,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 472"
21488,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,427,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for postpartum pain.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
21491,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moss inserted into the nose to cause bleeding for headaches.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 48"
21523,2327,Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,225,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing entire plant used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225"
21636,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,133,Makah,25,g73,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of warmed leaves applied for chest pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
21637,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,133,Makah,101,ttco83,78,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Warmed leaves applied to chest for pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"
21654,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,209,Quileute,25,g73,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for headaches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
21670,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of leaves applied for pain, particularly pains in the knees.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
21674,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,243,Skokomish,25,g73,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used for headaches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
21716,2346,Machaeranthera canescens ssp. canescens var. leucanthemifolia (Greene) Welsh,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 49"
21730,2351,Machaeranthera pinnatifida ssp. pinnatifida,157,Navajo,141,h56,151,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant or some part of it used for headaches.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 151"
21793,2366,Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for stomachache or cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
21809,2368,Magnolia macrophylla Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for stomachache or cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
21967,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,219,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cooled decoction of roots taken three times a day for headaches.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219"
22008,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"51, 52",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken or root used for general aches or rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 51, 52"
22036,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,314,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for headache.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314"
22037,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373374,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headache and sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374"
22068,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,125,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Burning root fumes inhaled for headaches and pain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 125"
22069,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
22110,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root used for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
22117,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used as an inhalant for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
22127,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for internal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
22170,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for internal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
22274,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,210,Quinault,25,g73,38,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of bark taken for 'soreness inside, for it is throughout the blood.'","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
22289,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark and cascara bark taken for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
22327,2397,Malva neglecta Wallr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for painful congestion of the stomach.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 8"
22330,2398,Malva nicaeensis All.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for migraine headaches.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 8"
22331,2398,Malva nicaeensis All.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied to the stomach or head for pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 8"
22348,2400,Malva sp.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"70, 71",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of pulverized plant paste applied to head for headache.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 70, 71"
22405,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,251,Squaxin,25,g73,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of smashed stalks used as a soak for aching hands.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 48"
22433,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used for stomachache and influenza.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
22439,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branches used to whip aching body parts to stimulate circulation.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 103"
22466,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains, especially from gas.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
22482,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 27"
22584,2440,Menodora scabra Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for backbone pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39"
22595,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,63,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of entire plant taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
22597,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried leaves chewed and swallowed for chest pains.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
22625,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for headaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 45"
22648,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,351,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for coughs and colds with headaches.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 351"
22654,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,82,Gros Ventre,30,h92,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for headaches.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 64"
22664,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves and stems applied to areas of pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 40"
22667,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of dried plants used for headaches.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
22706,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stems taken for pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
22713,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and plant tips given to children with colicky pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
22714,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and plant tips taken for pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
22723,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of various plant parts taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22724,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used in several ways for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22766,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and tops taken for pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
22767,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and plant tips given to children with colicky pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
22768,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and plant tips taken for pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
22803,2445,Mentha spicata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"48, 49",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Taken for colic pains, cramps and used for nervous headache.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48, 49"
22818,2445,Mentha spicata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,427,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion applied to forehead or powdered plant snuffed for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 427"
22838,2442,Mentha ?piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica ? spicata],32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"48, 49",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Taken for colic pains, cramps and used for nervous headache.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48, 49"
22942,2462,Menyanthes trifoliata L.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,427,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of roots taken for gas pains, constipation and rheumatism.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
22958,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves chewed for heart pain.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
22966,2464,Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,52,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of pounded flowers, leaves and salt applied to the back for pain.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 52"
22983,2468,Metrosideros polymorpha var. polymorpha,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,31,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Flowers and other plants rubbed, squeezed and the resulting liquid taken for severe childbirth pain.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 31"
22999,2476,Mimulus guttatus DC.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and leaves used as steambath for chest and back soreness.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41"
23012,2482,Mirabilis alipes (S. Wats.) Pilz,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"86, 87",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken and used as a wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 86, 87"
23013,2482,Mirabilis alipes (S. Wats.) Pilz,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"86, 87",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a wash for neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 86, 87"
23014,2482,Mirabilis alipes (S. Wats.) Pilz,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"86, 87",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, fresh leaves applied for headaches.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 86, 87"
23088,2494,Mitchella repens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Taken for 'monthly period pains.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
23107,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Berries used to prevent severe labor pains.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
23108,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,441,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 441"
23109,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,442,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 442"
23110,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,441,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plants taken by pregnant women with side or labor pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 441"
23175,2503,Monarda didyma L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
23197,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
23210,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,140,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed leaves placed in nostrils for headaches.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"
23212,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant rubbed on child's chest for pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54"
23217,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,111,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flowers and leaves taken for abdominal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
23218,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of flowers and leaves taken for abdominal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363"
23247,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,73,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of plant used as a wash for headaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 73"
23252,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for 'pain in the stomach and intestines.',"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
23278,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"57, 58",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pulverized plant rubbed on the head for headache.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 57, 58"
23295,2507,Monarda pectinata Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,153,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 153"
23297,2507,Monarda pectinata Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
23305,2508,Monarda punctata L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,225226,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing leaves snuffed up nostrils for sick headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225226"
23306,2508,Monarda punctata L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,225226,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing leaves used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225226"
23314,2508,Monarda punctata L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42"
23335,2509,Monarda sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,426,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots given to children for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 426"
23351,2511,Monardella lanceolata Gray,144,Miwok,100,bg33,171,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves, upper stems and flowers taken for headaches.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 171"
23365,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23372,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23378,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,276,Washo,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23396,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed or pounded plant applied to pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
23425,2521,Monotropa uniflora L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"74, 130",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root or leaves taken for pain due to colds.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130"
23442,2525,Morella cerifera (L.) Small,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used for headaches.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58"
23446,2525,Morella cerifera (L.) Small,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
23652,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,423,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of plants taken for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 423"
23653,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,423,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant tips given to children with headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 423"
23686,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves given to babies for pains.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
23760,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves smoked in corn husks for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43"
23885,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed plant put in the nostril for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23886,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of plant applied to the chest for internal pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23912,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed plant used for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56"
23913,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for cramps and sharp pains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
23948,2586,Nicotiana sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of dried plant and fresh sea wrack, alder and black twinberry applied for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
23953,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for cramps and sharp pains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
24052,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,100,Iroquois,7,h77,319,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction taken for pain between shoulder blades.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 319"
24080,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold decoction of stems or roots taken for internal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
24083,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,56,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for pain in any part of the body.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56"
24106,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied or rhizome extract taken for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
24116,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,210,Quinault,25,g73,29,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated roots applied for pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29"
24118,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of mashed roots applied for sore back pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24122,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of sliced, warmed rhizomes applied for pain.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17"
24132,2597,Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata (Dur.) E.O. Beal,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,46,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of grated rhizome, calamus, water or grease and sometime cow parsnip applied for headaches.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 46"
24153,2598,Nuphar sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound roots used for 'pains in the chest which make you hold your breath.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
24214,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,289,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of chewed, burned plant and oil applied to sore places.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
24298,2619,Oenothera coronopifolia Torr. & Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,37,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of leaves taken for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37"
24410,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,27,Carrier,134,c73,82,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bark scrapings applied or bark pills taken for pain.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 82"
24411,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Inner bark taken for stomach and bowel cramps.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24416,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,33,Cheyenne,73,b05,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root mixed with tobacco and smoked for headache.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
24422,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,60,Crow,73,b05,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root mixed with tobacco and smoked for headache.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
24423,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,16,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh or dried inner bark used for stomach ulcers and pain.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 16"
24424,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,16,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of dried bark used for stomach pain and ulcers.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 16"
24485,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark used in a steambath for body pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24486,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for stomach pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24517,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark from young spring growth taken for general aches and pains.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24527,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,78,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of pounded, boiled roots used for rheumatism and other aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78"
24578,2645,Opuntia aurea E.M. Baxter,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,107108,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of inner pulp applied to cuts and wounds and for the pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 107108"
24747,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,76,Flathead,30,h92,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Stems smashed and used for backache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 39"
24942,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root chewed for headaches.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
25001,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25020,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots chewed for chest pains.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
25025,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25026,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh root inserted into nostrils for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25051,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,276,Washo,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25060,2699,Osmorhiza sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,397,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for fevers and headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 397"
25084,2700,Osmunda cinnamomea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,261,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction taken for headache and joint pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 261"
25143,2707,Oxalis drummondii Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bulb used for pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
25263,2723,Oxytropis sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used in the sweatbath for rheumatism, stiff and aching muscles and joints.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
25295,2728,Packera multilobata (Torr. & Gray ex Gray) W.A. Weber & A. L”ve,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used for menstrual pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
25333,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,276,Washo,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a lotion for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25339,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
25420,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,An 'ingredient to relieve sharp pains in the breast.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
25421,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed plant used for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 44"
25422,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for breast pains and chewed plant used for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 44"
25438,2735,Panax trifolius L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,396,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound used for chest pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 396"
25443,2736,Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Zucc.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Roots and other plants pounded, squeezed, resulting liquid heated and taken for chest pains.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 41"
25481,2744,Papaver somniferum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"50, 51",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Large dose used to produce sleep, for pain and cramps.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50, 51"
25584,2764,Pastinaca sativa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Taken for 'sharp pains.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
25601,2765,Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for pain in any part of the body.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
25635,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,30,Catawba,75,s37,190,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used for stomach pains.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 190"
25694,2781,Pediomelum canescens (Michx.) Rydb.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of warmed roots applied externally as an analgesic.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
25695,2781,Pediomelum canescens (Michx.) Rydb.,228,Seminole,88,s54,285,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of wet, warm tuberous roots applied for pains.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 285"
25808,2798,Penstemon acuminatus Dougl. ex Lindl.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
25821,2801,Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for menstrual pain and stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
25855,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plants taken for colds and rheumatic aches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25856,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plants used as a hot bath for sore feet and swollen legs and veins.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25881,2806,Penstemon eatonii Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,114,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for pain and healing of burns.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 114"
25887,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,139,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant tops taken for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139"
25918,2811,Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots used for chest pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363"
25923,2812,Penstemon jamesii Benth.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Cold, compound infusion of plant taken for headache caused by hunting.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
25953,2825,Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis,105,Karok,71,sg52,377,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used to mitigate the afterpains of childbirth.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 377"
25969,2829,Pericome caudata Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,52,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for general body pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52"
25970,2829,Pericome caudata Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,52,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh leaves 'smelled' for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52"
26072,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,257,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of leaves taken for dead people's sickness. The symptoms of this disease are numb and painful legs, neck, shoulders and perhaps the backbone.  The sufferer is sleepy during the day, has 'short breath,' and loses appetite.  Fever and headaches also accompany this illness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 257"
26073,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
26074,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198"
26075,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,210,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 210"
26076,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,213,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 213"
26077,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,206,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 206"
26078,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,227,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of plant taken for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 227"
26079,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,256,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Leaves used for adult's sickness caused by adultery: headache, body pains and crossed fingers.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 256"
26080,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,253,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Leaves used for baby sickness caused by adultery: appetite loss, fever, headache and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 253"
26081,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,262,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Leaves used for scalping sickness: severe headache, backache and low fever.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 262"
26225,2846,Petradoria pumila ssp. pumila,95,Hopi,37,w39,98,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant considered a good remedy for breast pain.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98"
26526,2896,Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnston,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,'Tea ooze' used to bathe head for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
26552,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bed of heated branches used by women for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26553,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26554,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for stomach cramps and menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26609,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,116,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm and soothe lung pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 116"
26690,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26694,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26698,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26734,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant chewed for cramps and stomach trouble.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26783,2929,Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic by 'persons dizzy with pain.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
26836,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Roots used for severe, neuralgic pains.","Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 65"
26851,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Berries eaten as an analgesic.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
26852,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,285,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Berries eaten for pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 285"
26854,2932,Picea abies (L.) Karst.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,74,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of sap or gum applied for boil and abscess pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74"
27117,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
27142,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,"51, 52",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of cones taken for pain and bark used as steam bed for backache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52"
27163,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,"51, 52",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of new shoots and bark taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52"
27188,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Boughs used to scrub skin, until it bled, for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
27202,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Head struck with branches until it bled for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27312,2942,Picrothamnus desertorum Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"43, 44",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of branches taken for chronic stomach troubles and cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 43, 44"
27348,2946,Pinguicula lutea Walt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,277,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant taken for raw meat sickness: severe abdominal pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 277"
27350,2947,Pinguicula pumila Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,277,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant taken for raw meat sickness: severe abdominal pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 277"
27403,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of new shoots taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
27461,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Salve of boiled sap and grease applied for pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
27521,2958,Pinus echinata P. Mill.,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,'Pellets of tar' considered 'beneficial for soreness of the back.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 55"
27641,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction used for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27698,2960,Pinus elliottii Engelm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of wood bits or bark applied externally as an analgesic.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
27836,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated resin applied for general muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27870,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated resin applied for sciatic pains or muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27871,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated resin used for sciatic pains and general muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27946,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,76,Flathead,30,h92,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of pitch and melted animal tallow or lard used for backache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"
28101,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and bark used as herbal steam for headache and backache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
28102,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves and bark applied for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
28153,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,285,Yokia,89,c02,307,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Burning twigs and leaves used as sweat bath for rheumatism pain.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
28181,2977,Pinus strobus L.,64,"Delaware, Ontario",22,t42,68,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of pitch applied to draw out the poison and pain from boils.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 68"
28228,2977,Pinus strobus L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,46,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of bark, an important medicine, taken for chest pain.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46"
28241,2977,Pinus strobus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,74,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of sap or gum applied for boil and abscess pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74"
28258,2977,Pinus strobus L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Boiled, crushed leaves used as herbal steam for headache and backache.","Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
28259,2977,Pinus strobus L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied for headaches.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
28295,2980,Piper methysticum G. Forst.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Roots chewed for sharp, blinding headaches.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 17"
28354,2996,Plantago aristata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaf applied for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28371,2999,Plantago lanceolata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaf applied for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28388,3001,Plantago major L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,172,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied for pain.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172"
28397,3001,Plantago major L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaf applied for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28491,3004,Plantago patagonica Jacq.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used for headaches.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
28506,3006,Plantago sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,438,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for chest and stomach pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 438"
28507,3006,Plantago sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,438,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of hot leaves applied to bruises, swellings or for pain.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 438"
28532,3009,Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
28538,3011,Platanthera dilatata var. leucostachys (Lindl.) Luer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,467,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and various joint and muscle aches.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467"
28553,3014,Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,289,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of single root and flowers given to young children for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 289"
28589,3017,Platanus occidentalis L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,235,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark eaten for internal pains.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 235"
28610,3021,Pleopeltis polypodioides ssp. polypodioides,96,Houma,49,speck41,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of fronds taken for headaches.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 55"
28713,3034,Pogogyne douglasii ssp. parviflora (Benth.) J.T. Howell,49,Concow,89,c02,384,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used as a counterirritant for stomach and bowel pains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 384"
28750,3041,Polygala cornuta Kellogg,144,Miwok,100,bg33,172,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction used for pains.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172"
28826,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,138,Menominee,176,d32,134,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Compound poultice of boiled, mashed root applied for sharp pains.","Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 134"
28833,3049,Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Morong,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root steamed and inhaled for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
28874,3053,Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,381,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381"
28885,3057,Polygonum aviculare L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
28886,3057,Polygonum aviculare L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Taken for painful urination.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
28901,3057,Polygonum aviculare L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Warm infusion of plant taken for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"
28925,3066,Polygonum hydropiper L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
28926,3066,Polygonum hydropiper L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Taken for painful urination.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
28935,3066,Polygonum hydropiper L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of wetted plant applied to the forehead for headaches.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 40"
28954,3069,Polygonum persicaria L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction mixed with meal and used as poultice for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
28957,3069,Polygonum persicaria L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
28962,3070,Polygonum punctatum Ell.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of leaves and flowers taken for stomach pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
28964,3070,Polygonum punctatum Ell.,96,Houma,49,speck41,58,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for pains and swellings in the legs and joints.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58"
28967,3071,Polygonum ramosissimum Michx.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Warm infusion of plant taken for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
28981,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,86,Haisla,14,c93,158,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Rhizomes used for chest pains.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 158"
29023,3080,Polypodium virginianum L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Simple or compound decoction taken for stomach pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 48"
29073,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,256,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used by children for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 256"
29186,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branches with leaves used in a sweat bath for pains similar to rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
29187,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of rotten leaves used as a bath for body pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
29188,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of compound containing buds applied for lung or hip pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
29198,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
29228,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,121122,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a lotion for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 121122"
29463,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark and leaves used to wet a handkerchief and tie it around the head for headaches.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 106"
29582,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
29691,3107,Porophyllum gracile Benth.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,249,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of pounded plant taken for pain.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249"
29781,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,97,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"
29821,3124,Potentilla arguta ssp. arguta,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Dry, pulverized root pricked into temples or placed in nostrils for headache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
29836,3128,Potentilla gracilis Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,127,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of pounded roots taken as a general tonic for pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
29850,3131,Potentilla norvegica ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,31,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of whole plant used for pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31"
29864,3136,Prenanthes alata (Hook.) D. Dietr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed root applied to any painful part of body.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
29875,3139,Prenanthes aspera Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots and plant tops used as an anodyne.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
29879,3140,Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used in stomachache medicine.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
29881,3141,Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Fern.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used in stomachache medicine.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
29891,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29908,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
30119,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of leaves taken for headaches.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30120,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of gum held in mouth for painful gums or applied to painful burns.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30188,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,425,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for backaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 425"
30509,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of crushed root taken for stomach pains.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
30511,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,77,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for internal pain and cough.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 77"
30604,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,362,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark taken or poultice applied to forehead and neck for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 362"
30656,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for chest pain and soreness.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
30756,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark taken for cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
30825,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,31,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of dried fruit taken for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31"
30928,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Dried, pulverized bark smoked for headache or headcold.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
31048,3187,Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,125126,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a head wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126"
31060,3187,Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,125126,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a head wash for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126"
31083,3191,Pseudognaphalium californicum (DC.) A. Anderb.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,26,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for stomach pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26"
31091,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"51, 52",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Compound used for local pains, muscular cramps and twitching.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51, 52"
31092,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,32,Cherokee,115,t40,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant rubbed into scratches made over muscle cramp pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
31103,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,39,Choctaw,115,t40,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for lung pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
31104,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for lung pain.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
31119,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,138,Menominee,176,d32,129,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried leaves steamed as an inhalant for headache.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 129"
31131,3195,Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth) W.A. Weber,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Hot poultice of leaves or stems applied to parts of body affected by pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33"
31246,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for intestinal pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
31286,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,15,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15"
31311,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of needles applied as poultice to the chest to draw out the pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31338,3204,Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,52,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Strong infusion taken for stomachache or as a cathartic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52"
31349,3205,Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb.,17,Arapaho,139,n66,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used on the head for headaches.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
31350,3205,Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb.,17,Arapaho,139,n66,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Snuff of leaves and sneezeweed blossoms inhaled for headaches.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
31358,3205,Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of plant taken for stomachache and menstrual pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
31372,3206,Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.,125,Lakota,108,r80,48,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots used for headaches.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 48"
31386,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,183,Paiute,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stem taken for muscular pain and stem chewed for facial neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
31387,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,183,Paiute,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
31407,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant tops taken for pains in the back over the kidneys.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
31408,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
31466,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,116,Koasati,115,t40,4,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of ground roots taken for chest pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 4"
31481,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken by women to allay stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"
31482,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Smoke from dried leaves on coals used for headaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"
31591,3224,Pulsatilla patens (L.) P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"80, 81",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, fresh leaves applied for rheumatism and neuralgia.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80, 81"
31594,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Ripe seed head 'cotton' burned on hot coals and the smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
31603,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Dried, pulverized leaves 'smelled' for headache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
31616,3228,Purshia glandulosa Curran,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for menstrual cramps.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 55"
31694,3231,Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,126-128,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion of twigs and leaves taken for tubercular lung pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 126-128"
31730,3234,Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walt.) B.S.P.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
31738,3235,Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
31746,3235,Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of mashed leaves taken and used as a wash for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
31748,3235,Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.,116,Koasati,115,t40,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
31907,3253,Quercus alba L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
31908,3253,Quercus alba L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"75, 132",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark used as liniment for humans and horses with pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132"
31921,3253,Quercus alba L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
32081,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root bark used for postpartum pain.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
32274,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root or inner bark taken for cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
32303,3274,Quercus marilandica Muenchh.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of tree bark coal taken to remove the afterbirth and ease cramps.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
32323,3279,Quercus palustris Muenchh.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"25, 78",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for intestinal pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78"
32326,3281,Quercus phellos L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of wood bits or bark applied externally as an analgesic.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
32571,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of wood bits or bark applied externally as an analgesic.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
32616,3250,Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella],159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root bark taken for internal pains.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
32617,3250,Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella],159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root bark used for internal pains.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
32645,3300,Ranunculus acris L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Flowers and leaves smashed and sniffed for headaches.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 166"
32646,3300,Ranunculus acris L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for headaches.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
32653,3300,Ranunculus acris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of smashed plant applied to chest for pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"