id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
4336,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Leaves smoked to cause intoxication.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4593,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,282,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Leaves smoked as a narcotic.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
4618,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Leaves smoked to cause intoxication.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
7604,643,Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'H‚r. ex Vent.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,54,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant used as a narcotic.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 54"
10490,1051,Comandra umbellata ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,18,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant used as a narcotic.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 18"
11042,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,79,Gosiute,38,c11,366,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant used for the similar effect to opium.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366"
11468,1141,Crotalaria sagittalis L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,34,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Roots used as a strong narcotic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 34"
11470,1141,Crotalaria sagittalis L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"29, 74",2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Root considered to be a very strong narcotic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 74"
12124,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,156,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Powdered roots used as a narcotic.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156"
12169,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,239,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,"Leaves or seeds, when eaten, made a person intoxicated for a day or more.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 239"
12172,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,95,Hopi,82,c74,306,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant used as a narcotic.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 306"
12173,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,95,Hopi,37,w39,89,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant well known for the narcotic properties.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 89"
12193,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,128,Luiseno,24,s08,229,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Root juice used in boys' puberty ceremony to induce stupefaction.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 229"
12197,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,131,Mahuna,5,r54,43,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Smoked leaves or infusion of leaves taken as a narcotic.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 43"
12206,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,41,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant used as a narcotic.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 41"
12212,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,42,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,"Cold infusion of root taken and used as a lotion for injury pain, a narcotic.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42"
12218,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"66, 67",2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Roots used to make a narcotic tea and not used medicinally.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 66, 67"
12226,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"66, 67",2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Roots used to make a narcotic tea and not used medicinally.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 66, 67"
12233,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,272,Ute,27,cu35,26,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Used as a narcotic.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
12238,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,288,Yuma,27,cu35,26,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Used as a narcotic.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
12241,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,291,Zuni,6,s15,"46, 48",2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Powdered root given as a narcotic for surgery.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 46, 48"
12242,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,291,Zuni,27,cu35,26,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Used as a narcotic.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
12298,1253,Delphinium nudicaule Torr. & Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,347,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant had narcotic properties.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 347"
14383,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,351,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Root used for the stupefying effect.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 351"
19806,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Leaves considered narcotic.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
21242,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,522,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant used in ceremonies as a narcotic.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522"
21252,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant used as a narcotic.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
23759,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,41,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant used as a narcotic.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 41"
24709,2663,Opuntia leptocaulis DC.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,55,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Fruits crushed and mixed with a beverage to produce narcotic effects.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 55"
26238,2847,Petrophyton caespitosum var. caespitosum,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,27,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant used as a narcotic.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 27"
37648,3638,Selaginella densa Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant eaten by a starving man for its doping effect and to make one feel unusually strong.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
38912,3828,Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,50,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Roots used as a narcotic.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50"