id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
19,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
27,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
156,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,41,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Fragrant boughs placed under bedding as an incense.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
170,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
212,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
242,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used as perfume.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
243,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used in buckskin bags for delightful odor & mixed with grease to add fragrance to hair oil.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
244,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Needles packed with stored items, saddle pads or burned in a household smudge.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
245,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Used for incense, primarily in association with the Medicine Pipe bundles.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
263,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,2,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs used as incense.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
264,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,2,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles placed on stoves as incense or pulverized and used as body and garment scents.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
281,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,2,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs burned and used as incense in sweathouses.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
313,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
384,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,52,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Buds and blossoms dried and used by women as perfume sachets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 52"
785,38,Achillea millefolium L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Seeds used as house fragrances.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
851,38,Achillea millefolium L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,6,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Leaves formerly used for cologne, perfume and bath powder.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
1362,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves made into wreaths and worn around the neck or head for the pleasant odor.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
2258,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Bulbs rubbed on quivers as a deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
2479,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Stems sometimes used as a scent.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
3273,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,75,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Leaves, stems and flowers placed in baby cradles, pillows or stored clothes for the good smell.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
3508,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves chewed and juice rubbed on the body to mask the human smell.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
3902,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,273,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Ripe seeds used to perfume smoking tobacco.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 273"
3907,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,82,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Chewed seed paste spread among clothing and used as perfume, especially by bachelors.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82"
3908,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Chewed seed paste used among blankets or other effects by young men as perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
3912,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,82,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Seeds used as perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82"
3916,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,82,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Crushed seeds spread among clothing and used as perfume, especially by bachelors.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82"
5004,388,Artemisia campestris L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,35,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Pulverized roots used for perfume.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 35"
5068,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant used for the aromatic fragrance in baths and hair washes.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
5241,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Plant stuffed into saddles, women's pillows, hide bags and quivers as a deodorant.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5350,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Plant stuffed into saddles, women's pillows, hide bags and quivers as a deodorant.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5385,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,36,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant burned as incense.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 36"
5443,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,125,Lakota,108,r80,36,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant burned as incense.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 36"
5570,405,Artemisia suksdorfii Piper,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plants dried and hung in houses for fresh scents.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 97"
5583,406,Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,186,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used to cover food odors and in the sweat lodges.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186"
5978,421,Asarum canadense L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,129,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Slightly roasted roots made into a powder and sprinkled on clothing for perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 129"
6854,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,47,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Roots used as incense during the Planting ceremonies of the Tobacco Society. A horse was encouraged to stand near a smudge of roots.  Then a rider leapt on the horse and galloped across the planting grounds, stopping only to deposit small offerings to the Small People.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47"
6855,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,47,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Roots used as incense during the preparatory rites for the ceremonial runner. The ceremonial runner, in pre-horse days, had the duty of herding the buffalo toward the piskun (buffalo jump).  The runner bathed himself in the smoke from a smudge of the dried root; according to tradition, that would enable him to run long distances--more than twenty miles a day.  The runner wore special moccasins, which were transferable annually.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47"
6856,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,47,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Roots used as incense for the Crow feather headpiece during the transfer ceremony of Beaver bundle.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47"
7461,615,Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & Gray,105,Karok,71,sg52,384,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves sometimes worn inside basket caps for the fragrance.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"
7818,690,Calycanthus floridus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used for perfume.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
8881,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,157,Navajo,74,e44,56,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used as an incense in the Mountain Chant.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 56"
9462,896,Chenopodium botrys L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Plant wound in necklaces, stuffed in pillows, bags, baskets or tied to clothes as a scent.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
10369,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,105,Karok,71,sg52,389,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves put in hats and clothes and vines hung around the neck as perfume.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389"
10511,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,127,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used for perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127"
11512,1146,Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used on large fire to smoke clothes and remove skunk smell.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
13932,1492,Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. lanatum (Brand) Jepson,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,21,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used with soap to wash the hair.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 21"
14955,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,259,Thompson,33,steed28,509,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves made into pads and worn under the armpits to make them smell sweet.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509"
15528,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,133,Makah,3,g83,316,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant crushed and used as a perfume.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 316"
15532,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant gathered in green state and used only by women as perfume by tucking into the girdle.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
15533,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant tucked under women's girdles for the delicate fragrance given off during withering.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
15534,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant tucked under women's girdles for the delicate fragrance given off during withering.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
15936,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Ripe seeds crushed and used as perfume.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
15957,1739,Geum triflorum var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,57,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Crushed seed pods used for perfume.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 57"
17208,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,114,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Grass packed into saddles to keep them smelling good.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 114"
17209,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Grass used by everyone as incense during daily prayers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17210,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Grass water used as incense smudge by the mother 34 days after giving birth & before returning home.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17211,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves braided and placed with the clothes or carried in small bags as perfume.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
17212,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves mixed with red ochre to make it smell good.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
17213,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used as a hairwash and incense.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
17214,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Stems bound at the lower end with other stems, braided and used as incense during ceremonies.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17215,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Used as an incense, natural sachet or perfume.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17223,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves used as a perfume by wrapping the article in the leaves.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
17247,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17248,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17249,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17250,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17253,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,125,Lakota,156,k90,49,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as a perfume.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 49"
17262,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,28,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as a clothes and body perfume.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28"
17263,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,55,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Blades braided together and packed amongst clothes to give them a nice smell.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
17267,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant used as perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
17274,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Grass tied in the hair and on neck and arm ornaments as a scent.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
18521,2054,Juniperus communis L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,4,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Branches used on rocks in the steambath for the aromatic properties.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 4"
18542,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,17,Arapaho,139,n66,46,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles ground and used for their scent.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46"
18964,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,13,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Burned as an incense when making medicine.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13"
19162,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles thrown into the fire and used as incense during prayers in the peyote meeting.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
19167,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,30,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves and twigs burned as incense in funerals.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
19187,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,320,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Twigs used as incense.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320"
19235,2066,Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles thrown into the fire and used as incense during prayers in the peyote meeting.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
20207,2177,Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,60,Crow,30,h92,24,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Root shavings sprinkled on live coals for incense.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 24"
20947,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,60,Crow,30,h92,26,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Root shavings sprinkled on live coals to deodorize and purify the air.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26"
21006,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,92,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves or seeds used as scents or charms.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92"
21035,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant sometimes used as a scent.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
21036,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Stems used as a scent.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
21368,2306,Lupinus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as incense in the Ghost Dance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
21482,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Puffballs used as incense to keep ghosts away.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
22473,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Blossoms dried and used for perfume.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
22481,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,23,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Leaves dried, powdered, mixed with fir or sweet grass and used as perfume.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23"
22496,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,183,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as an aromatic in sweat lodges.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183"
22510,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,23,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Leaves dried, powdered and used as perfume.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23"
22516,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,23,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as a perfume.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23"
22557,2435,Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.,61,Dakota,17,g19,91,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Bunches of plants hung in the home for the fragrance.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91"
22558,2435,Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.,61,Dakota,17,g19,91,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Bunches of plants hung in the home for the fragrance.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91"
22559,2435,Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,365,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Grass hung in houses for the pleasant fragrance.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 365"
22562,2435,Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,93,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Flowers used in a bouquet to perfume the house.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 93"
22567,2436,Melilotus sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Leaves dried, ground, placed in a small bundle and tied onto women's clothes as a perfume.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
22620,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,27,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves and stems used as perfume and deodorizers in houses.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 27"
22693,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,64,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as a home fragrant.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 64"
22784,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant used extensively as a scent.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
22785,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,233,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Whole plant soaked in warm water to make a solution used to scent feather pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"
22796,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,112,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant boiled with traps to deodorize them so that the smell of blood would not deter the animals.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22835,2445,Mentha spicata L.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,93,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as body and garment perfume.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93"
23209,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,70,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves chewed and used as horse perfume.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70"
23216,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,60,Crow,30,h92,70,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Plants mixed with other plants and beaver castor oil and used as a hair, body or clothing perfume.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70"
23221,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,363,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Bunches of plants carried in bachelors' coats for the pleasant fragrance.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363"
23222,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,363,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant used for perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363"
23236,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,70,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves placed on hot rocks in the sweathouse as incense.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70"
23254,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used as a perfume for hair oil.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
23262,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Flowers dried and used as a perfume.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
23267,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,186,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves and pine needles burned over coal for a fragrance.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186"
23313,2508,Monarda punctata L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,73,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant hung in the hogan for the pleasing odor.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 73"
23356,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,105,Karok,71,sg52,389,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant put inside the hat for the nice smell when going on a journey.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389"
24279,2614,Oenothera biennis L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,52,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Seeds aromatic.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 52"
24996,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Infusion of roots used to sweetened diapers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
24997,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Root pieces kept in quivers and clothing as a deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
25630,2767,Pectis papposa Harvey & Gray,291,Zuni,6,s15,83,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Chewed blossoms used as perfume before a dance in ceremonies of the secret fraternities. The blossoms were chewed by both sexes, especially by women, ejected into the hands and rubbed on the neck, limbs and clothing as perfume.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 83"
27636,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,21,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Dried gum, together with parts of different birds, used as an incense for ceremonial fumigation.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21"
27744,2962,Pinus glabra Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles or gum used to scent soap.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
27801,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Wood, gave off a pleasant odor, used for firewood.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28060,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,33,steed28,508,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles inserted into the flesh under the arms by girls who wish their armpits to smell sweet.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508"
28091,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Wood, gave off a pleasant odor, used for firewood.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28292,2979,Pinus virginiana P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles or gum used to scent soap.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28825,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,126,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Root burned for the fragrance. When one burned it in a room before going to bed, it insured sound sleep and caused one to awaken refreshed, rested and feeling young, so it is said.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 126"
28836,3049,Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Morong,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,125,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Root burned, especially in the house, for the pleasant fragrance.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 125"
29057,3083,Polyporus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as incense to keep ghosts away.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
29313,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,126,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Sweet smelling, yellow resin used as a scent in deer fat skin cosmetics.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126"
29517,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Sap rubbed on the bodies of horse thieves to disguise the human scent.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
32850,3337,Rhododendron albiflorum Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,502,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as a scent.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502"
33134,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,356,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Roots used as perfume.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 356"
33948,3419,Rosa arkansana Porter,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Petals used as a perfume for hair oil.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
34192,3432,Rosa sp.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,48,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried petals used as a house perfume.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 48"
36135,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Gall pitch used for incense during the annual ceremonies of the Motokiks and Kaispa Societies.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
37228,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used to scent soap.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
37677,3643,Senecio flaccidus var. flaccidus,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,69,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant parts used in bed for the good smell.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 69"
38441,3739,Solidago nemoralis Ait.,157,Navajo,74,e44,88,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant used as an incense.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 88"
38980,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,502,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Plant tied to the body, clothes or hair and used as a scent.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502"
39689,3921,Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,360,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Mature fruits stored in bags for their agreeable odor and rubbed or scattered on clothing. The tops were broken off the mature fruits and stored in bags for their agreeable odor being rubbed and scattered on clothing at any time when the effect was desired.  Although the smell was not considered to be very fragrant by Europeans, the Indians treasured it because of its suggestion of the fresh outdoors.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 360"
39690,3921,Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall.,61,Dakota,17,g19,80,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Mature, lightly scented fruits stored or scattered over clothing for the pleasant odor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80"
39725,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Berries dried and placed in small buckskin bags for perfume.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
39726,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Fruits kept as a household and clothing deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
39727,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Seeds and leaves kept for the pleasant smell.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
39739,3927,Thalictrum sp.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,57,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Dried, whole plant used for perfume.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 57"
39741,3927,Thalictrum sp.,82,Gros Ventre,111,m90,57,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Dried, whole plant used for perfume.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 57"
39861,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used as perfume for clothing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
39915,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Pungent fragrance of leaves and wood always used as an acceptable incense to Winabojo.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
41086,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs steamed or rubbed on furniture and used as a room deodorizer and disinfectant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
41107,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs steamed or rubbed on furniture and used as a room deodorizer and disinfectant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
41618,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves hung in bunches to freshen air.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
42486,4092,Valeriana capitata Pallas ex Link,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,18,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried roots used as incense at potlatches.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 18"
42541,4095,Valeriana sitchensis Bong.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,18,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried roots used as incense at potlatches.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 18"
43260,4152,Viola biflora L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,191,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Stems with blossoms placed among clothes.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191"
43274,4157,Viola epipsila Ledeb.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,18,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried roots used as incense at potlatches.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 18"
43741,4219,Xylorhiza tortifolia (Torr. & Gray) Greene,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,250,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Ground leaves carried in the clothes and used as perfume by men and women to counteract body odors.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 250"
44353,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Fruits used by young men as perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
44354,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Fruits used by young men as perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"