id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
37159,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,157,Navajo,141,h56,155,1,Food,52,Fruit,'Seeds' (actually fruits) used for food.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 155"
43824,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,371,1,Food,52,Fruit,Baked fruits used for food.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 371"
34517,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,177,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries always eaten fresh.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 177"
2911,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries and fat stuffed into an intestine, boiled and eaten like a sausage.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
42132,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries and low sweet blueberry were important items of food and used fresh or canned.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 99"
4573,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries and oil eaten with dry meat.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99"
18813,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,98,m53,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries and roasted, mashed deer liver combination used for food.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 47"
38577,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten alone.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
3138,214,Amelanchier sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
18616,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,158,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158"
18768,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,158,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158"
18846,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,158,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158"
22023,2377,Mahonia sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
26501,2894,Phoradendron californicum Nutt.,193,Pima,19,c35,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39"
26502,2894,Phoradendron californicum Nutt.,193,Pima,104,r08,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71"
31014,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 47"
42050,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
18570,2056,Juniperus deppeana Steud.,10,Apache,19,c35,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32"
18573,2056,Juniperus deppeana Steud.,101,Isleta,19,c35,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32"
18577,2056,Juniperus deppeana Steud.,222,San Felipe,19,c35,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32"
18420,2053,Juniperus californica Carr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled fresh and eaten cold.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35"
33189,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,222,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with meat.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222"
13084,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34338,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34400,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34502,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
42298,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42455,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,9,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9"
43074,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
26705,2916,Physalis longifolia Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries boiled, ground in a mortar with raw onions, chile and coriander seeds and used for food.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70"
19069,2063,Juniperus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,43,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries boiled, ground or mashed and used with other foods.","Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 43"
41962,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries boiled, seasoned, combined with moose fat and deer tallow and used for food.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
41956,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries canned, fruit pemmican and pate.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
42012,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries canned, fruit pemmican and pate.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
22141,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,199,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries chewed and juice swallowed.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"
4477,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,284,Yavapai,48,g36,256,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries chewed and used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256"
3063,205,Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia,86,Haisla,14,c93,263,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries combined with other fruits and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 263"
43067,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,80,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries cooked and eaten with oil.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 80"
4569,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,23,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries cooked and eaten.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23"
36588,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,80,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries cooked and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 80"
42034,4076,Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries cooked and used for food.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
42262,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries cooked with fish eggs, fish (whitefish, sheefish or pike), blubber and eaten.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42443,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,86,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries cooked with fish eggs, fish (whitefish, sheefish or pike), blubber and eaten.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86"
15678,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,209,Quileute,25,g73,43,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries dipped in whale oil and eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43"
14848,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,209,Quileute,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten after fish.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
13092,1394,Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) B”cher,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten alone.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37"
35065,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,75,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten and well liked.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
15669,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten as fresh fruit.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
18737,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,40,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten by children and young people.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 40"
33703,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,31,Chehalis,25,g73,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten by children.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33715,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,251,Squaxin,25,g73,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten by children.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
23147,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten by women.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
33128,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,72,f96,16,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten by young people.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16"
16982,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,77,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten cooked and raw.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 77"
26503,2894,Phoradendron californicum Nutt.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten cooked or raw.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
33541,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,157,Navajo,141,h56,155,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten during the winter.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 155"
21405,2313,Lycium andersonii Gray,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh and crushed or mixed with water.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50"
33497,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh and never stored.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
10850,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh and raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
14944,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,354,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh by children.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354"
43109,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh from the bush.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
21428,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,95,Hopi,72,f96,19,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh from the shrub.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 19"
15674,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh from the vine.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 101"
26715,2919,Physalis sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,9,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh from the vine.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 9"
14839,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,133,Makah,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh immediately after picking.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
35029,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,88,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh in summer.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 88"
15106,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,133,Makah,25,g73,40,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh in the summer.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
21443,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,157,Navajo,121,l86,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh off the bush.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 32"
2965,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or added to elk or deer meat to make pemmican.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
3043,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
26703,2916,Physalis longifolia Nutt.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,40,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40"
26704,2916,Physalis longifolia Nutt.,222,San Felipe,19,c35,40,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40"
26726,2920,Physalis subulata var. neomexicana (Rydb.) Waterfall ex Kartesz & Gandhi,207,Pueblo,19,c35,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39"
34851,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87"
36574,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,183,Paiute,98,m53,111,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 111"
33503,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33544,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33669,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
42346,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,83,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83"
43048,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
34388,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,183,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or mixed with oil or fat.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183"
4218,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or roasted.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"
34717,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten fresh, not important as a fresh fruit.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
34870,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,270,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten fresh, often with fish.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 270"
3009,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten fresh, with sugar or cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
2971,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
2980,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,125,Lakota,156,k90,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 36"
3068,206,Amelanchier alnifolia var. cusickii (Fern.) C.L. Hitchc.,183,Paiute,98,m53,83,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 83"
3083,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,241,Skagit,25,g73,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
3085,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
3125,212,Amelanchier pallida Greene,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 38"
3139,214,Amelanchier sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
3166,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,157,Navajo,141,h56,148,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 148"
3170,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
4354,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4386,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
4462,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4490,345,Arctostaphylos sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,46,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 46"
4514,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4550,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,37,"Chinook, Lower",25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
4557,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
10846,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,133,Makah,25,g73,43,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43"
10979,1101,Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 103"
10984,1101,Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
11396,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,123,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123"
11433,1131,Crataegus sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
13069,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 21"
14834,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,41,Clallam,99,f80,202,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202"
14842,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
14843,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14845,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 109"
14856,1633,Fragaria chiloensis ssp. lucida (Vilm.) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14858,1634,Fragaria chiloensis ssp. pacifica Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14863,1635,Fragaria sp.,37,"Chinook, Lower",25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
14875,1635,Fragaria sp.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
14878,1635,Fragaria sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,80,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 80"
14885,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,202,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202"
14892,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
14897,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,125,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"
14899,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14911,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14929,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
14930,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14936,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,253,Swinomish,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
14938,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
14949,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,110,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 110"
14953,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,259,Thompson,33,steed28,488,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 488"
14983,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,41,Clallam,99,f80,202,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202"
14997,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
15000,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
15012,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,125,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"
15017,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
15030,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15033,1641,Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
15036,1641,Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
15037,1631,Fragaria ?ananassa var. cuneifolia (Nutt. ex T.J. Howell) Staudt (pro nm.),31,Chehalis,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
15038,1631,Fragaria ?ananassa var. cuneifolia (Nutt. ex T.J. Howell) Staudt (pro nm.),114,Klallam,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
15041,1631,Fragaria ?ananassa var. cuneifolia (Nutt. ex T.J. Howell) Staudt (pro nm.),251,Squaxin,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
15646,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15660,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15683,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,83,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83"
18406,2053,Juniperus californica Carr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,81,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 81"
21398,2313,Lycium andersonii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87"
21412,2315,Lycium fremontii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87"
21850,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,221,Samish,25,g73,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
21855,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,225,Sanpoil,32,tbk80,85,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
21857,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
21862,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
21867,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
21896,2373,Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde,10,Apache,19,c35,19,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
21900,2373,Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 49"
22019,2377,Mahonia sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
22050,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 321"
23471,2530,Morus microphylla Buckl.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 47"
24211,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
24218,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,129,Lummi,25,g73,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
24224,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,210,Quinault,25,g73,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
24226,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,221,Samish,25,g73,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
24228,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,241,Skagit,25,g73,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
24230,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,245,Snohomish,25,g73,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
24232,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,253,Swinomish,25,g73,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
30545,3174,Prunus pumila L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
30675,3178,Prunus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,48,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 48"
30679,3178,Prunus sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
30800,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
30846,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,127,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
30880,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
30900,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,54,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 54"
33022,3350,Rhus ovata S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,131,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131"
33093,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,131,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131"
33335,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33349,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
33357,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50"
33384,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,133,Makah,25,g73,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33396,3362,Ribes californicum Hook. & Arn.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59"
33409,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
33471,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,41,Clallam,99,f80,200,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200"
33501,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33551,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,175,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 175"
33576,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
33594,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,129,Lummi,25,g73,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33595,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,133,Makah,25,g73,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33600,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,241,Skagit,25,g73,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33602,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
33607,3377,Ribes leptanthum Gray,101,Isleta,19,c35,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 49"
33608,3377,Ribes leptanthum Gray,102,Jemez,28,c30,23,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
33609,3377,Ribes leptanthum Gray,102,Jemez,19,c35,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 49"
33629,3380,Ribes malvaceum var. viridifolium Abrams,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,133,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 133"
33643,3383,Ribes montigenum McClatchie,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,133,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 133"
33647,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
33651,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 55"
33665,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
33684,3390,Ribes quercetorum Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59"
33690,3391,Ribes roezlii Regel,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59"
33717,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33729,3396,Ribes sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
33763,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33773,3400,Ribes velutinum var. velutinum,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59"
34166,3432,Rosa sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
34313,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
34319,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264"
34334,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 103"
34391,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,73,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 73"
34451,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34499,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,131,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131"
34539,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
34590,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34594,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,134,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134"
34595,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
34599,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34601,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,81,Green River Group,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34609,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,114,Klallam,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34622,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,165,Nisqually,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34634,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,96,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 96"
34636,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,208,Puyallup,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34641,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87"
34645,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
34655,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 87"
34719,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264"
34783,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,134,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134"
34785,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34786,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
34788,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34794,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,74,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
34814,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,291,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34830,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,132,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 132"
34839,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,113,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 113"
34841,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,209,Quileute,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34846,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34853,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,221,Samish,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34855,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
34859,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,241,Skagit,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34861,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
34863,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34866,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34877,3464,Rubus parviflorus var. velutinus (Hook. & Arn.) Greene,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,354,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354"
34881,3465,Rubus pedatus Sm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,346,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 346"
34925,3469,Rubus sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
34954,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,31,Chehalis,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34956,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,37,"Chinook, Lower",25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34958,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
34959,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34961,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,81,Green River Group,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34965,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34978,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,347,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 347"
34987,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,129,Lummi,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34992,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35000,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,124,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"
35005,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35013,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 102"
35015,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,209,Quileute,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35027,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,210,Quinault,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35031,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
35033,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,251,Squaxin,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35035,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35043,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
35045,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
35081,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,88,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 88"
35084,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35094,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,209,Quileute,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35100,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,241,Skagit,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35103,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
35108,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,134,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134"
35123,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,289,Yurok,70,b81,52,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
36589,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
36593,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,243,Skokomish,25,g73,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47"
36640,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,138,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138"
36682,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,41,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 41"
36921,3570,Sambucus sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
37777,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,125,Lakota,156,k90,43,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
37825,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
37858,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,53,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 53"
41974,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
41993,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
41995,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42004,4072,Vaccinium caespitosum var. caespitosum,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42009,4073,Vaccinium caespitosum var. paludicola (Camp) Hult‚n,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42051,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
42058,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42062,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 63"
42069,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 103"
42074,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42078,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
42082,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,218,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218"
42127,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42154,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,37,"Chinook, Lower",25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42156,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,41,Clallam,99,f80,200,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200"
42159,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,243,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 243"
42169,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,334,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 334"
42170,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42172,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,114,Klallam,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42179,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42195,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42198,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,209,Quileute,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42203,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,210,Quinault,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42205,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,83,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83"
42210,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42231,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,200,Pomo,89,c02,377,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 377"
42236,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,60,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 60"
42241,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,210,Quinault,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42296,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,83,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83"
42309,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,41,Clallam,99,f80,200,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200"
42331,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
42335,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,183,Paiute,98,m53,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 103"
42338,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 61"
42350,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
42393,4087,Vaccinium sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
42411,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,78,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 78"
42423,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42429,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,83,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83"
43139,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 107"
43393,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 51"
43507,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,72,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 72"
33662,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten green.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
22136,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,33,steed28,486,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten in large quantities.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 486"
22173,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,259,Thompson,33,steed28,486,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten in large quantities.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 486"
38978,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,486,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten in large quantities.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 486"
3027,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,215,Saanich,23,tb71,86,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten in late summer.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86"
3028,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,86,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten in late summer.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86"
34880,3465,Rubus pedatus Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,278,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten in small quantities.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 278"
18850,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,79,Gosiute,38,c11,372,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten in the fall and winter after proper boiling.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372"
4491,345,Arctostaphylos sp.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
16990,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
30448,3170,Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
30629,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
33016,3348,Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Brewer & S. Wats.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
33175,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
33310,3357,Ribes amarum McClatchie,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
33720,3395,Ribes sanguineum var. glutinosum (Benth.) Loud.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
34884,3466,Rubus procumbens,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
36887,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
43503,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
42259,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten occasionally, but not considered an important food source.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37"
42471,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten occasionally, but not considered an important food source.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37"
39483,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten one at a time.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
18979,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,108,Keresan,90,w45,561,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw by hunters while out in the mountains, but better when cooked.","White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 561"
21459,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,42,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or boiled with clay.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42"
21471,2318,Lycium torreyi Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,42,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or boiled with clay.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42"
41983,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42145,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
3082,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or cooked with salmon.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101"
4453,341,Arctostaphylos pringlei Parry,157,Navajo,121,l86,23,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or cooked.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 23"
4646,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,82,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"
33755,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or cooked.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 105"
34944,3469,Rubus sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or dried.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
4515,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or mashed in fat and fried.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
11780,1171,Cupressus sp.,157,Navajo,121,l86,22,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or roasted.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 22"
3174,217,Amelanchier utahensis var. utahensis,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or sometimes cooked.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
18978,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,102,Jemez,28,c30,24,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or stewed.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
21462,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,291,Zuni,6,s15,68,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw when perfectly ripe or boiled and sometimes sweetened.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 68"
34375,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,93,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw with sugar, seal oil or both.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 93"
24227,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,230,Shasta,149,h46,308,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw with wild currants.,"Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308"
13085,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34339,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34401,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34503,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
42299,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42456,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,9,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9"
43075,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
3072,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,75,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 75"
4447,340,Arctostaphylos patula Greene,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 35"
4516,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
7951,721,Canotia holacantha Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,191,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 191"
10830,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
11373,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
12988,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,13,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 13"
14832,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,81,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 81"
14981,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
21846,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,85,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
22024,2377,Mahonia sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
22993,2474,Mimulus eastwoodiae Rydb.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,42,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42"
26679,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264"
29924,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
29925,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
30242,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
30595,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
30709,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
30820,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,42,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 42"
30872,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
30970,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 87"
31015,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 47"
33440,3364,Ribes cereum var. pedicellare Brewer & S. Wats.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
33449,3366,Ribes cruentum var. cruentum,105,Karok,71,sg52,384,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"
33481,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,384,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"
33742,3396,Ribes sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,79,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 79"
33752,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
33931,3418,Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi (Schwein.) W.H. Lewis,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
34425,3449,Rubus frondosus Bigelow,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
34443,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,93,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 93"
34524,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
34825,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,124,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"
34945,3469,Rubus sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
34951,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
36621,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,86,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 86"
36727,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,256,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256"
42021,4075,Vaccinium deliciosum Piper,94,Hoh,77,r36,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42024,4075,Vaccinium deliciosum Piper,209,Quileute,77,r36,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42045,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42116,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 63"
42121,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,94,Hoh,77,r36,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42133,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,209,Quileute,77,r36,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42146,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42164,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,94,Hoh,77,r36,68,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
42199,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,209,Quileute,77,r36,68,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
42218,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,94,Hoh,77,r36,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42238,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,209,Quileute,77,r36,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
42315,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,94,Hoh,77,r36,68,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
42319,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,105,Karok,71,sg52,388,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
42339,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,209,Quileute,77,r36,68,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
42401,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
43068,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,80,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 80"
43136,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
43177,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,256,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256"
33743,3396,Ribes sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw. Only currants found south of the Columbia were eaten raw without ill results.  Those found on the north side were eaten only if mixed with other foods.  Otherwise illness resulted.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
33414,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw. Only currants from the bushes growing along the Columbia River were eaten.  Berries from bushes growing in the hills were not eaten because it was thought that they caused headaches, nose bleeds and sore eyes.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
41984,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raws.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
34836,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,83,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten ripe and fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 83"
35011,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,183,Paiute,98,m53,82,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten ripe and fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 82"
11002,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten ripe.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
18678,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,157,Navajo,74,e44,19,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten ripe.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 19"
24225,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,215,Saanich,23,tb71,86,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten ripe.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86"
30945,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten ripe.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49"
33533,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,489,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten sparingly by some.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 489"
21952,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten when nothing else was available.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
33427,3364,Ribes cereum var. pedicellare Brewer & S. Wats.,95,Hopi,184,n43,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten with fresh piki bread.,"Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 18"
33379,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,68,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten with oil and could cause stomachache, if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 68"
13071,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,92,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten with oil and sugar or mixed with other berries, sourdock, ice cream or fish livers. This was a favorite food made just the same way and still just as good as it had been for centuries.  It was one food one could eat all one wanted, for any meal, day after day and still like it.  It was good fresh or leftover and as a main meal, side dish or dessert.  The sweet acidic berries and fat fish livers balanced each other and also were exceptionally nutritious.  The only limiting factor in how much one ate was picking enough berries and catching enough fish to have the ingredients.  The recipe was as follows:  pick clean, ripe blackberries, at least one gallon.  Save the livers from four, large freshly caught fall trout.  Pinch out the bile sack, without breaking it, and discard.  Soak the livers in a bowl of cold water while you finish caring for the fish.  Rinse the livers, throw out the soak water.  Simmer the livers in clean water until just done, five to ten minutes.  Lift the livers out to drain and cool.  They could be stored a few days this way in the refrigerator.  Skim the oil off the broth and save to add.  Mash the livers thoroughly in a bowl, every tiny lump, using your hand or a fork.  Mix in a little water as you mash to make a smooth paste, like thick hotcake batter.  Stir in the whole blackberries until all the paste was taken up coating the berries.  No salt or sugar was ever used or needed.  Newcomers would prefer trout livers which were mild, but after awhile began to crave the stronger taste and more satisfying oiliness of Tom Cod livers.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 92"
42161,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,65,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten with oil of whale, dogfish, hair seal or sea lion.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
34602,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,74,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten with oil.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
42162,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten with oil.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
42215,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten with oil.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
18864,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,95,Hopi,184,n43,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten with piki bread.,"Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 18"
18627,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten with piki or cooked with stew.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18738,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten with piki.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
4574,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten with salmon eggs, to prevent the eggs from sticking to the teeth.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99"
4656,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,243,Skokomish,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten with salmon eggs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
21215,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten, but not commonly exploited as a food source. One informant ate the berries, but was told by her mother not to eat them.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
22043,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten, but the preparation as a food was not discovered.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 105"
8793,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 39"
18717,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,223,San Ildefonso,61,rhf16,40,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 40"
21429,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,95,Hopi,61,rhf16,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 47"
21865,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
22025,2377,Mahonia sp.,129,Lummi,25,g73,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
24231,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,251,Squaxin,25,g73,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
33534,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,489,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 489"
35104,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,259,Thompson,33,steed28,487,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 487"
42394,4087,Vaccinium sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,490,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 490"
8775,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,2,Acoma,19,c35,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries extensively used as food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21"
8776,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,2,Acoma,19,c35,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries extensively used as food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21"
8783,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,124,Laguna,19,c35,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries extensively used as food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21"
8784,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,124,Laguna,19,c35,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries extensively used as food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21"
11369,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly eaten fresh.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
33486,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,114,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
42287,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly eaten in fall.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
36544,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly eaten raw.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
36892,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
37803,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,272,Ute,142,c09,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
41989,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
13086,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34340,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34402,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34504,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
42300,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42457,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,9,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9"
43076,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
12961,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,144,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in moose fat and eaten.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 144"
6719,515,Atriplex semibaccata R. Br.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries gathered and eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 45"
33656,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries gathered for fresh food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
8786,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,157,Navajo,74,e44,41,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries ground and eaten.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41"
33084,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries ground or chewed raw for the juice.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
34800,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,101,Isleta,76,j31,25,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries grown in the mountains, considered a strawberry and used for food.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
33670,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,259,Thompson,33,steed28,489,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mainly eaten fresh.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 489"
3140,214,Amelanchier sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mashed and eaten.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
14877,1635,Fragaria sp.,165,Nisqually,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mashed and eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
14879,1635,Fragaria sp.,208,Puyallup,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mashed and eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
14883,1635,Fragaria sp.,243,Skokomish,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mashed and eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
14939,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mashed and eaten.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
30881,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mashed and eaten.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
34596,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mashed and eaten.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
34926,3469,Rubus sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mashed and eaten.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
42052,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mashed and eaten.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
4582,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mashed, mixed with grease and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
34865,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with blackberries and eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
42412,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,78,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with blubber and blackberries and eaten with or without sugar.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 78"
34392,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,73,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with blueberries and eaten fresh.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 73"
36877,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with blueberries, Pacific crabapples and oolichan grease and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
42467,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,64,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with boiled fish eggs, livers, air bladders and fat and eaten.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64"
33162,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33163,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33251,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33252,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
43077,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",185,mckenn59,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with fat and used for food.,"McKennan, Robert A., 1959, The Upper Tanana Indians, Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 55, page 37"
12989,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,13,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with grease, cooked and eaten.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 13"
18936,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with mescal and eaten.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 37"
42413,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,78,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with potatoes, cabbage or lettuce and pickled.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 78"
42414,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,78,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with raw, fresh fish eggs and eaten with seal oil and sugar.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 78"
33388,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with salal berries, oolichan grease and sugar and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 103"
4528,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with salmon eggs as a palatable and nutritious food.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
11039,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,76,Flathead,30,h92,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with serviceberries and sugar and eaten as a 'sweet and sour' dish.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21"
11066,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,120,Kutenai,30,h92,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with serviceberries and sugar and eaten as a 'sweet and sour' dish.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21"
42415,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,78,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with sourdock and fermented.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 78"
15670,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with stink currants, sugar and oolichan grease and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
37898,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,13,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with sugar, fried and eaten.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 13"
37886,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with timber grass, dried, water added and beaten to a foam.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
34267,3436,Rosa woodsii var. woodsii,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,177,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries not to be eaten too freely.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 177"
30339,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries occasionally eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
11040,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,76,Flathead,30,h92,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries occasionally eaten raw.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21"
11067,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,120,Kutenai,30,h92,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries occasionally eaten raw.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21"
22051,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,273,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries occasionally eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
22059,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,76,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries occasionally eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 76"
4658,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries occasionally eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
33657,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries often cooked with sweet corn.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
15699,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed and eaten fresh with other berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
36881,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,94,Hoh,77,r36,69,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries pit baked and used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 69"
36904,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,209,Quileute,77,r36,69,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries pit baked and used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 69"
4694,348,Arctostaphylos viscida Parry,142,Midoo,109,m66,311,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries pounded and eaten.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 311"
4703,349,Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. mariposa (Dudley) P.V. Wells,142,Midoo,109,m66,311,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries pounded and eaten.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 311"
32874,3344,Rhus aromatica Ait.,142,Midoo,109,m66,312,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries pounded and eaten.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 312"
8808,824,Celtis occidentalis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries pounded fine, mixed with a little fat and parched corn and used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
8803,824,Celtis occidentalis L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries pounded into a paste like consistency, molded onto a stick and baked over an open fire.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
11111,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,96,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries pounded, mixed with chokecherries or saskatoon berries or boiled and eaten alone.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96"
30873,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries pounded, mixed with meat and eaten.","McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
38276,3720,Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.,193,Pima,11,c49,88,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries powdered, placed in milk, a piece of rabbit or cow stomach added and liquid eaten as cheese.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 88"
30821,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,42,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries pulverized, shaped into round cakes, sun dried and used to make pemmican.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 42"
16997,1861,Heteromeles arbutifolia var. arbutifolia,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries put on a basket plate in front of the fire, turned until wilted and eaten.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
3153,215,Amelanchier stolonifera Wieg.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries relished as a fresh food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
33459,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries relished when ripe.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
21963,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,76,Flathead,30,h92,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries roasted and used for food.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 18"
16996,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,289,Yurok,70,b81,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten by children.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
4242,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,17,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
16988,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,105,Karok,70,b81,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
18822,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries roasted, mixed with warm water, crushed and eaten.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50"
36793,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries should always be eaten cooked, as they are potentially poisonous when raw.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
34331,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries sometimes used for food, but not considered a significant food source.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 36"
2994,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries spiced and eaten.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
42252,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries stewed and eaten with smoked fish.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47"
42253,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries stewed and eaten with smoked fish.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47"
22994,2474,Mimulus eastwoodiae Rydb.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,42,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries stewed and used for food.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42"
23034,2487,Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries stewed and used for food.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"
36838,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries stewed or eaten fresh with salmon egg 'cheese.' The berries were said to taste like sulfur.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
42279,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries stored in boxes or baskets until soft and brown and used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
42280,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,25,g73,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries stored in boxes or baskets until soft and brown and used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
42294,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries stored in boxes or baskets until soft and brown and used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
42293,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries sweetened with maple sugar and always used as an article of food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 99"
42285,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,65,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries sweetened with maple sugar and eaten.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 65"
8638,809,Ceanothus fendleri Gray,2,Acoma,19,c35,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries sweetened with sugar and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21"
8640,809,Ceanothus fendleri Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries sweetened with sugar and used for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
8641,809,Ceanothus fendleri Gray,124,Laguna,19,c35,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries sweetened with sugar and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21"
43127,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used as a favorite autumn food.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
8802,824,Celtis occidentalis L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used extensively for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
18922,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,15,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used extensively for food.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15"
18923,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,15,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used extensively for food.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15"
21474,2318,Lycium torreyi Gray,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,15,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used extensively for food.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15"
33686,3390,Ribes quercetorum Greene,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,15,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used extensively for food.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15"
42229,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,199,Poliklah,109,m66,173,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used extensively for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 173"
42337,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,199,Poliklah,109,m66,173,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used extensively for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 173"
36863,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,86,Haisla,14,c93,229,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries used extensively, especially to mix with and extend other berries.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
4444,340,Arctostaphylos patula Greene,142,Midoo,109,m66,308,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food during an acorn crop failure.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 308"
14886,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,370,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food in season.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 370"
33632,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,61,Dakota,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
33638,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
33641,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
33642,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
2901,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
2967,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,72,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"
2978,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,288,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
2988,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,145,Modesse,109,m66,223,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"
3030,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
3065,205,Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 107"
3093,208,Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
3148,214,Amelanchier sp.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
3150,214,Amelanchier sp.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
4195,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4240,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 87"
4424,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,105,Karok,70,b81,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4430,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,183,Paiute,98,m53,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 101"
4442,340,Arctostaphylos patula Greene,115,Klamath,66,c97,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
4451,340,Arctostaphylos patula Greene,281,Wintoon,109,m66,263,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 263"
4480,344,Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fern.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
4494,345,Arctostaphylos sp.,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,15,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15"
4596,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,297,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297"
4613,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4626,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4637,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4657,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
4691,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4693,348,Arctostaphylos viscida Parry,140,Mewuk,109,m66,336,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 336"
4700,348,Arctostaphylos viscida Parry,281,Wintoon,109,m66,263,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 263"
4702,349,Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. mariposa (Dudley) P.V. Wells,140,Mewuk,109,m66,336,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 336"
4705,331,Arctostaphylos ?cinerea T.J. Howell (pro sp.) [canescens ? viscida],289,Yurok,70,b81,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
7035,566,Berberis fendleri Gray,102,Jemez,19,c35,19,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
7036,566,Berberis fendleri Gray,102,Jemez,28,c30,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
7950,721,Canotia holacantha Torr.,13,"Apache, San Carlos",174,h08,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 258"
8791,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,207,Pueblo,19,c35,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21"
8792,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,207,Pueblo,19,c35,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21"
10855,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,98,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 98"
10859,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,216,Salish,23,tb71,81,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 81"
10985,1101,Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
11131,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11156,1105,Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,93,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 93"
11350,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
11355,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,288,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
11442,1131,Crataegus sp.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
12976,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,54,Cree,145,b41,485,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485"
12982,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 99"
13091,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,332,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 332"
14835,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,72,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"
14862,1635,Fragaria sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,78,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 78"
14884,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
14887,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,72,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"
14942,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,105,Karok,71,sg52,384,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"
14951,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
14960,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 128"
14961,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
14986,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,72,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"
15039,1631,Fragaria ?ananassa var. cuneifolia (Nutt. ex T.J. Howell) Staudt (pro nm.),114,Klallam,114,g27,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197"
15586,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 38"
15617,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
15627,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,240,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 240"
15634,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,105,Karok,71,sg52,387,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"
15725,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 39"
18410,2053,Juniperus californica Carr.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
18670,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,108,Keresan,90,w45,561,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 561"
18865,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,95,Hopi,37,w39,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63"
21198,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 89"
21239,2270,Lonicera utahensis S. Wats.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,94,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 94"
21415,2315,Lycium fremontii Gray,188,Papago,160,cb42,62,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 62"
21444,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,157,Navajo,141,h56,153,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 153"
21832,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,114,Klallam,114,g27,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197"
21890,2372,Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde,97,Hualapai,127,w82,5,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5"
21907,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,114,Klallam,114,g27,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197"
22033,2377,Mahonia sp.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
22126,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
22203,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
22279,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87"
23507,2533,Morus sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 50"
25562,2759,Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) A.S. Hitchc.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36"
25592,2765,Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
26519,2895,Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray,157,Navajo,74,e44,42,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 42"
26565,2900,Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) Robertson & Phipps,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
26689,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,157,Navajo,141,h56,154,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 154"
26702,2916,Physalis longifolia Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
26724,2920,Physalis subulata var. neomexicana (Rydb.) Waterfall ex Kartesz & Gandhi,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
26727,2920,Physalis subulata var. neomexicana (Rydb.) Waterfall ex Kartesz & Gandhi,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 59"
29926,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
29930,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
30896,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,105,Karok,71,sg52,384,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"
30963,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
32782,3327,Rhamnus crocea Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,131,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131"
32887,3345,Rhus copallinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
32914,3347,Rhus glabra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
32937,3347,Rhus glabra L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,379,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"
33086,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
33107,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,379,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"
33138,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,15,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15"
33144,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
33156,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,108,Keresan,90,w45,563,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563"
33178,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21"
33237,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
33255,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,272,Ute,142,c09,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
33266,3355,Rhus typhina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
33341,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
33344,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,79,Gosiute,38,c11,379,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"
33345,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,115,Klamath,66,c97,97,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 97"
33361,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,272,Ute,142,c09,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
33374,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33403,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,95,Hopi,72,f96,16,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16"
33404,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,66,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66"
33405,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,115,Klamath,66,c97,97,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 97"
33453,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,131,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131"
33463,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 109"
33478,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,379,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"
33488,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 104"
33519,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
33539,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,10,Apache,19,c35,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 49"
33540,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,66,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66"
33542,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 49"
33548,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33556,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,379,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"
33557,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,254,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 254"
33572,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
33588,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33589,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,255,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 255"
33598,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 105"
33614,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,114,Klallam,114,g27,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197"
33631,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,131,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131"
33653,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,379,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"
33680,3389,Ribes pinetorum Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
33707,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,114,Klallam,114,g27,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197"
33709,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,183,Paiute,98,m53,78,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 78"
33745,3396,Ribes sp.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
33746,3396,Ribes sp.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
33768,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
33771,3399,Ribes velutinum Greene,79,Gosiute,38,c11,379,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"
33883,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55"
33985,3422,Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,379,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"
34191,3432,Rosa sp.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
34268,3436,Rosa woodsii var. woodsii,79,Gosiute,38,c11,379,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"
34281,3436,Rosa woodsii var. woodsii,272,Ute,142,c09,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
34336,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55"
34395,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55"
34491,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55"
34505,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",172,g74,28,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Guedon, Marie-Francoise, 1974, People Of Tetlin, Why Are You Singing?, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 9, page 28"
34570,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34600,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
34606,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,105,Karok,71,sg52,384,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"
34614,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,115,Klamath,66,c97,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99"
34643,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34646,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
34774,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,97,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 97"
34790,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
34804,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,384,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"
34856,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34873,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,346,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 346"
34875,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
34939,3469,Rubus sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,83,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 83"
34946,3469,Rubus sp.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
34953,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,27,Carrier,134,c73,77,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 77"
35059,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
35085,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,282,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 282"
35089,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,125,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"
35113,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,105,Karok,71,sg52,384,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"
35121,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
36531,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,114,Klallam,114,g27,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197"
36533,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,115,Klamath,66,c97,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104"
36568,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,94,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 94"
36605,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,15,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15"
36606,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
36771,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
36884,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,114,Klallam,114,g27,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197"
36899,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50"
36924,3570,Sambucus sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,52,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 52"
36926,3570,Sambucus sp.,199,Poliklah,109,m66,173,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 173"
36927,3570,Sambucus sp.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
37775,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,381,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381"
37817,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37892,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
38325,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,15,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15"
38546,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,313,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 313"
38957,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,69,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 69"
41997,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
42005,4072,Vaccinium caespitosum var. caespitosum,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,98,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 98"
42010,4073,Vaccinium caespitosum var. paludicola (Camp) Hult‚n,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,98,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 98"
42031,4076,Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 105"
42048,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42076,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
42079,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
42152,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42157,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,245,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 245"
42173,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,283,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
42174,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,284,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 284"
42191,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,97,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 97"
42206,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
42207,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,255,"Tanana, Upper",185,mckenn59,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"McKennan, Robert A., 1959, The Upper Tanana Indians, Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 55, page 36"
42242,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,216,Salish,23,tb71,83,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83"
42248,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 105"
42278,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,336,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 336"
42292,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 100"
42308,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42320,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,337,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 337"
42321,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,114,Klallam,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42324,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,129,Lummi,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42326,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,133,Makah,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42340,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,209,Quileute,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42344,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,210,Quinault,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42348,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,241,Skagit,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42351,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,243,Skokomish,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42352,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42353,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42369,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
42406,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
42407,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,186,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186"
42425,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,284,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 284"
42430,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",185,mckenn59,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"McKennan, Robert A., 1959, The Upper Tanana Indians, Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 55, page 36"
42431,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",172,g74,28,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Guedon, Marie-Francoise, 1974, People Of Tetlin, Why Are You Singing?, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 9, page 28"
42458,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",185,mckenn59,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"McKennan, Robert A., 1959, The Upper Tanana Indians, Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 55, page 36"
42459,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",172,g74,28,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Guedon, Marie-Francoise, 1974, People Of Tetlin, Why Are You Singing?, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 9, page 28"
42473,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,183,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183"
42475,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,84,Haida,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42476,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,92,Hesquiat,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42477,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42478,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
43044,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
43056,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,232,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 232"
43065,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,95,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95"
43106,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 63"
43117,4133,Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 107"
43163,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,138,Menominee,51,s23,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 63"
43394,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,15,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15"
4328,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,77,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food. Berry was juicy but rather insipid in flavor.  Not usually available in large quantities.  Picked in poor berry years and mixed with blueberries.  Flavor was much improved with cooking.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 77"
11335,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries used for food. Certain conditions had to be met before the berries were eaten.  Otherwise, they would cause stomach cramps.  The procedure was to offer the tree a gift, for boys a little bow and arrow made from the thorns, for girls a pair of miniature moccasins fashioned from the leaves.  In return, the tree would not allow its berries to 'bite' the stomach.  The gifts were placed on the tree and the berries collected.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
30506,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food. The pin cherry was abundant around the Flambeau Reservation and the Ojibwe were fond of it.  It was an education in itself to see a group of Ojibwe women working on mats with a supply of fruit laden branches beside them.  With one hand they would start a stream of berries into the mouth and the stream of cherry stones ejected from the other corner of the mouth seemed ceaseless.  The Pillager Ojibwe also had the tree and used it is the same manner.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
15004,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2220,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh or preserved.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2220"
30833,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2222,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2222"
34371,3444,Rubus canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2223,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223"
34546,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2223,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223"
34721,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2224,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2224"
41957,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
42013,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
33454,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used in favorite aboriginal Menomini dish.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
2962,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,79,Gosiute,38,c11,361,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used in season.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 361"
3059,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,272,Ute,142,c09,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used in season.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32"
15005,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used in season.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
8807,824,Celtis occidentalis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used occasionally for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
33747,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used raw .,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 87"
4660,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries warmed in grease and eaten.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
37851,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,282,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries whipped until white and frothy and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
37873,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,93,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries whipped, mixed with sugar and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 93"
16995,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries wilted in hot ashes and winnowed in a basket plate.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 115"
34565,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries, a favorite article of food, eaten fresh.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 109"
4331,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries, other berries and sugar cooked and eaten.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 108"
26729,2921,Physalis virginiana P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries, touched by frost, eaten raw.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264"
15623,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,83,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berry-like fruits used for food.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 83"
12550,1305,Dioscorea bulbifera L.,90,Hawaiian,183,m03,68,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Bitter fruit cooked, grated, washed several times, strained and eaten.","Malo, David, 1903, Hawaiian Antiquities, Honolulu. Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., page 68"
10972,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Bitter, seedy fruits eaten alone or mashed with dried, 'white' saskatoon berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
44661,4257,Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray,193,Pima,104,r08,76,1,Food,52,Fruit,Black berries beaten with sticks and eaten raw.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 76"
10548,1057,Condalia hookeri var. hookeri,136,Maricopa,174,h08,265,1,Food,52,Fruit,Black berries used for food.,"Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265"
21413,2315,Lycium fremontii Gray,136,Maricopa,174,h08,265,1,Food,52,Fruit,Black berries used for food.,"Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265"
2986,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,355,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Black, glaucous berries eaten fresh.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355"
35120,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,355,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Black, juicy berries eaten fresh.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355"
33485,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,353,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Black, juicy berries used for food.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 353"
34327,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Blackberries only used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 108"
42395,4087,Vaccinium sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,487,1,Food,52,Fruit,Bluish-black berries eaten in large quantities.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 487"
44263,4236,Yucca sp.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,Boiled fruit used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258"
42355,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,490,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Bright red, acidic berries eaten in large quantities.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 490"
16999,1861,Heteromeles arbutifolia var. arbutifolia,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,375,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Bright, red berries used for food.","Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 375"
22123,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,176,Okanagon,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Bright-colored berries used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
22137,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Bright-colored berries used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
22157,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,176,Okanagon,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Bright-colored berries used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
22174,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Bright-colored berries used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
38969,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Bright-colored berries used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
38979,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Bright-colored berries used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
30513,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries eaten as the women worked making baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 108"
30633,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
30707,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,96,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries eaten fresh.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 96"
30811,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
30817,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,263,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries eaten raw.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263"
30405,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30663,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 108"
30634,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Cherries, if eaten when picked and allowed to stand some time, said to make the Indian drunk.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
30854,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherry used for food and for seasoning or flavoring wine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 108"
30939,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Chokecherry cakes ground and boiled with flour, sugar and occasionally roasted deer liver.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 84"
43421,4175,Vitis girdiana Munson,128,Luiseno,24,s08,231,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cooked fruit used for food.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231"
2912,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Crushed berries, animal fat and dried meat used to make pemmican.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
30717,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Crushed berries, mixed with backfat and used to make pemmican.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
34148,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Crushed rose hips used to make pemmican.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
33522,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Currants mixed with moose grease and dried whitefish eggs and eaten.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
33330,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Currants used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264"
34898,3468,Rubus pubescens var. pubescens,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,133,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Delicate, delicious fruit used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 133"
34626,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,132,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried berries eaten with dried meat or fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 132"
4341,333,Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw.,105,Karok,71,sg52,388,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dried berries pounded, mixed with salmon eggs, cooked in a basket with a hot rock and eaten.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
4391,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,105,Karok,71,sg52,388,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dried berries pounded, mixed with salmon eggs, cooked in a basket with a hot rock and eaten.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
4425,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,105,Karok,71,sg52,388,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dried berries pounded, mixed with salmon eggs, cooked in a basket with a hot rock and eaten.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
2913,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried berries used to make sausages.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
43875,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,221,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit rolls soaked in hot water and eaten with corn mush.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221"
3114,210,Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
6388,450,Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
11415,1128,Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
11452,1133,Crataegus submollis Sarg.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
14916,1637,Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
14990,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
15608,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
22198,2390,Malus coronaria var. coronaria,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
22310,2394,Malus pumila P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
23148,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
23498,2532,Morus rubra L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
26720,2919,Physalis sp.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
28702,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
30258,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
30455,3171,Prunus nigra Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
30496,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
30532,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
30626,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
30795,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
31825,3247,Pyrus communis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,129,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129"
33324,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
33759,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
34368,3444,Rubus canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
34536,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
34708,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
34771,3462,Rubus odoratus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
34901,3468,Rubus pubescens var. pubescens,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
36715,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
41966,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
42037,4076,Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
42276,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
43103,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
43161,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
43497,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
15735,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
42019,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,128,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit taken as hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
30697,3179,Prunus subcordata Benth.,115,Klamath,66,c97,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried or fresh fruit used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99"
4679,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,486,1,Food,52,Fruit,Drupes eaten fresh.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 486"
44677,4259,Ziziphus parryi Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,56,1,Food,52,Fruit,Drupes eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 56"
4594,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,282,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dry, mealy berries formerly used for food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
4680,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dry, mealy fruits eaten with bear fat or fish oil because of the dryness.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
11371,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,86,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dry, sweetish fruits eaten in late fall.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86"
10056,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,Eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 55"
30542,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Favorite fruit used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31"
41658,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ffleshy end of the husk eaten raw and the kernel roasted and eaten whole.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 90"
14932,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,101,Isleta,76,j31,29,1,Food,52,Fruit,Flavorful fruit considered a delicacy.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
26722,2919,Physalis sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries eaten for food.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 36"
33510,3369,Ribes glandulosum Grauer,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,54,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries eaten in considerable quantity.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 54"
35074,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,22,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries eaten whole or mashed with bread.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 22"
2975,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,115,Klamath,66,c97,97,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 97"
14974,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,56,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56"
15145,1649,Frangula rubra ssp. rubra,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,139,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139"
18770,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,139,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139"
21119,2260,Lonicera conjugialis Kellogg,115,Klamath,66,c97,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104"
23488,2532,Morus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,48,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 48"
33512,3370,Ribes hirtellum Michx.,115,Klamath,66,c97,97,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 97"
33535,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33687,3391,Ribes roezlii Regel,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,139,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139"
33688,3391,Ribes roezlii Regel,105,Karok,70,b81,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
33693,3391,Ribes roezlii Regel,289,Yurok,70,b81,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
36624,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36919,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
42221,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,60,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 60"
42245,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,60,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 60"
42254,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47"
42255,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47"
42360,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42362,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42368,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,115,Klamath,66,c97,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 103"
42375,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42404,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37"
43396,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,289,Yurok,70,b81,62,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
11580,1159,Cucumis sp.,44,Cocopa,178,giff33,266,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh flesh used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 266"
3119,211,Amelanchier laevis Wieg.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 55"
4601,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,7,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
11408,1126,Crataegus macrosperma Ashe,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,56,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56"
14854,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
14855,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,289,Yurok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
14943,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,105,Karok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
14956,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,289,Yurok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
14995,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,115,Klamath,66,c97,98,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98"
15703,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
15704,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
26714,2919,Physalis sp.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 55"
30983,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,364,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 364"
33314,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,131,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131"
33993,3422,Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 99"
34012,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 99"
34577,3455,Rubus laciniatus Willd.,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34684,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 57"
34751,3462,Rubus odoratus L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 57"
36601,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36668,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,61,Dakota,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36742,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36747,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,190,Pawnee,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36758,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
37787,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,156,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 156"
42304,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,221,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food. This fruit was not dried because it remained fresh for a long time and could be picked any time until winter.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 221"
11352,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruits cooked and used for food.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34"
28711,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,256,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruits eaten raw.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256"
30310,3162,Prunus angustifolia Marsh.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,523,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruits used for food.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 523"
33448,3365,Ribes cruentum Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruits used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
33627,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,266,Tolowa,70,b81,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruits used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
43459,4182,Vitis sp.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruits used for food.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
18617,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,43,Cochiti,19,c35,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh or cooked berries used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31"
18645,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,102,Jemez,19,c35,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh or cooked berries used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31"
33744,3396,Ribes sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh or dried berries sweetened with service berries in water and whipped to a froth.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
11398,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,178,Oregon Indian,111,m90,22,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh or dried fruit used for food.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 22"
33699,3393,Ribes rubrum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,131,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh or dried fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131"
30979,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,177,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fresh or pounded, dried berries and pits used to make berry pemmican.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 177"
30534,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh peaches eaten for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
24613,2653,Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,56,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh tunas used for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56"
21445,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,157,Navajo,119,steg41,222,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fresh, mashed berries mixed with powdered clay to counteract astringency and used for food.","Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222"
11149,1104,Cornus suecica L.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fresh, ripe berries used for food.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37"
28705,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,62,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fresh, ripe fruits eaten.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 62"
21435,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,101,Isleta,76,j31,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fresh, summer berries eaten for food.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
14937,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,74,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit always eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74"
33884,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit and hips used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21"
34050,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit and hips used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21"
30771,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,53,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit and pits, sometimes with fish eggs, crushed, mixed with grease and eaten.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 53"
37752,3655,Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small,228,Seminole,88,s54,504,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit and trunk used for food.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 504"
43843,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit baked, seasoned and used for food.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
44101,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit baked, seasoned and used for food.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
24841,2670,Opuntia sp.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,222,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit boiled and eaten plain or boiled with dried peaches.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222"
24608,2652,Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow,284,Yavapai,48,g36,257,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit boiled and eaten without mashing.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257"
22265,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit boiled and stored under grease in special boxes for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 109"
31943,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,105,Karok,70,b81,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit buried from one to four years to kill the bugs and worms and used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49"
30301,3161,Prunus andersonii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30337,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30427,3167,Prunus fasciculata (Torr.) Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30430,3168,Prunus fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30433,3170,Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30876,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
43500,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit considered an important food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43371,4171,Vitis arizonica Engelm.,101,Isleta,76,j31,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit considered an important part of the diet.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
28686,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,130,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit considered very palatable.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 130"
5865,413,Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit cooked and eaten.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 38"
42246,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit cooked and used for food.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 103"
43972,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit cooked in coals and used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258"
4566,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,29,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit cooked in grease, pounded, mixed with raw fish eggs and eaten. Approximate proportions of ingredients were 1 tablespoon grease, 1 1/2 cups fruit and 2 tablespoons whitefish eggs separated from the adhering membranes.  A little sugar was added for flavor.  After the fruits were lightly cooked in grease, they were pounded until they were crumbly.  They were then placed in a heavy cloth folded to make a sack and pounded with the back of an axe head.  The fish eggs moistened the pounded fruit.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
36794,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit cooked with sugar and eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
11340,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten by children fresh from the hand.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
11410,1127,Crataegus mollis Scheele,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten by children fresh from the hand.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
11347,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten by deer, bears and sometimes the Indians.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
30261,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,101,Isleta,76,j31,40,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten for food.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40"