id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
9319,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,50,Fodder,Stalks used for pigfeed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
29275,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,68,1,Food,50,Fodder,Twigs and bark fed to horses and other livestock.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29364,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,68,1,Food,50,Fodder,Twigs and bark fed to horses and other livestock.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
21381,2306,Lupinus sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a fodder for horses and cattle.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
38592,3766,Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a fodder for horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
38593,3766,Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a fodder for horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
19311,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,55,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a good feed for cattle and horses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
6497,475,Astragalus giganteus S. Wats.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a rich horse and deer feed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
6522,485,Astragalus miser var. decumbens (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Cronq.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a rich horse and deer feed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
25569,2762,Paspalum setaceum Michx.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a valuable fodder plant.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
16575,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,95,Hopi,37,w39,96,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as an important food for summer birds.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
16640,1822,Helianthus anomalus Blake,95,Hopi,37,w39,96,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as an important food for summer birds.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
16666,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,95,Hopi,37,w39,96,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as an important food for summer birds.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
13517,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,209,Quileute,25,g73,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as fodder for horses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13519,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,210,Quinault,25,g73,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as fodder for horses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
11502,1146,Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg.,95,Hopi,37,w39,84,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as food for wild doves.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 84"
38601,3767,Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex Gray,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,57,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as hay for cattle.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 57"
44477,4244,Zea mays L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,18,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18"
7031,563,Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
12356,1271,Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
12394,1274,Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
9057,856,Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Used as sheep, goat and deer feed and not eaten by cattle.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
5213,396,Artemisia filifolia Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,81,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as stock feed.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 81"
43189,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,362,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for fodder.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 362"
6768,529,Avena sativa L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for hay.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 25"
13059,1392,Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed and sometimes harvested for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
4867,371,Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Used for horse feed, if better forage was not available.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
7577,633,Bromus anomalus Rupr. ex Fourn.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
12928,1367,Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. macera (Wieg.) Gould,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
22540,2428,Medicago sativa L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
40820,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
16608,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for livestock feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
16717,1839,Heliomeris multiflora var. multiflora,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and deer feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
16712,1836,Heliomeris longifolia var. annua (M.E. Jones) Yates,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and goat feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
6716,513,Atriplex rosea L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed and harvested for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
37166,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed in the spring.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
1155,47,Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
7456,611,Bouteloua sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 25"
7596,641,Bromus tectorum L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
19930,2137,Lepidium montanum Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
23517,2539,Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
25457,2738,Panicum capillare L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
28667,3030,Poa fendleriana ssp. fendleriana,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
40582,3997,Tridens muticus var. muticus,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
11538,1150,Cryptantha fendleri (Gray) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,40,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Used for sheep feed, a nuisance because the ripe fruits stick in the wool.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40"
22438,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Used for sheep feed, made the meat bitter.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
6645,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
11166,1107,Corydalis aurea Willd.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
11177,1108,Corydalis curvisiliqua ssp. occidentalis (Engelm. ex Gray) W.A. Weber,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
11531,1148,Cryptantha cinerea var. jamesii Cronq.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,40,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40"
14223,1547,Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'H‚r. ex Ait.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,34,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
16714,1837,Heliomeris longifolia var. longifolia,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
17020,1864,Heterotheca villosa var. villosa,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
19476,2096,Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
23412,2519,Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
33861,3416,Rorippa teres (Michx.) R. Stuckey,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
23515,2538,Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurb. ex S. Wats.) Rydb.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Used for sheep, horse and cow feed.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
13323,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used in winter for fodder during hay shortage.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13394,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used in winter for fodder during hay shortage.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13450,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used in winter for fodder during hay shortage.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
12455,1290,Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used to fatten horses very quickly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
377,15,Acacia greggii Gray,65,Diegueno,122,h75,218,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used to feed domesticated animals.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 218"
40624,4011,Trifolium pratense L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used with timothy as a good feed for cows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
44445,4244,Zea mays L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Valued as a fodder for livestock.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
7449,609,Bouteloua hirsuta Lag.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Very good fodder, according to the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, for horses and mules.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
1142,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young plants used as horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
13039,1384,Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Young plants used for sheep and horse feed, mature plants made animals' mouths sore.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
10334,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young plants used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
36356,3554,Salsola tragus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young plants used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
29172,3094,Populus angustifolia James,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29215,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29385,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29631,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"