id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
377,15,Acacia greggii Gray,65,Diegueno,122,h75,218,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used to feed domesticated animals.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 218"
1114,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,157,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used for hay.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157"
1137,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,157,Navajo,141,h56,154,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as a fodder for both wild and domesticated animals.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 154"
1142,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young plants used as horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
1155,47,Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
1951,119,Alectoria nigricans (Ach.) Nyl.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,191,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant given to fawns to try to get them to eat from their hands.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191"
1953,120,Alectoria nitidula (Th. Fr.) Vain,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,191,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant given to fawns to try to get them to eat from their hands.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191"
1955,121,Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) Massal.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,191,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant given to fawns to try to get them to eat from their hands.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191"
3721,293,Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots added to the slop to make hogs fat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
4866,371,Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Recognized as poor sheep or horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
4867,371,Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Used for horse feed, if better forage was not available.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
5213,396,Artemisia filifolia Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,81,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as stock feed.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 81"
6471,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,45,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds eaten by horses.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 45"
6497,475,Astragalus giganteus S. Wats.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a rich horse and deer feed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
6522,485,Astragalus miser var. decumbens (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Cronq.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a rich horse and deer feed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
6609,502,Atriplex argentea ssp. expansa (S. Wats.) Hall & Clements,157,Navajo,74,e44,43,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Plant used, for the salt, and stored for the winter as fodder.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43"
6628,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,43,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used in the winter to provide salt for the sheep.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43"
6645,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
6716,513,Atriplex rosea L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed and harvested for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
6768,529,Avena sativa L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for hay.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 25"
6769,529,Avena sativa L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Fed to horses without being thrashed and in a bad winter fed to sheep and goats.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
7031,563,Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
7399,602,Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Fedtsch.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Raw roots or above ground portion of plant diced, mixed with other food & used for puppy & dog food.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15"
7420,606,Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,Recognized as a good fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7424,607,Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,Recognized as a good fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7425,607,Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,Recognized as a good fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7449,609,Bouteloua hirsuta Lag.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Very good fodder, according to the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, for horses and mules.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7456,611,Bouteloua sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 25"
7577,633,Bromus anomalus Rupr. ex Fourn.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
7582,635,Bromus catharticus Vahl,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass recognized as an important fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7583,635,Bromus catharticus Vahl,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass recognized as an important fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7596,641,Bromus tectorum L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
8057,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8088,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8096,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8162,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds parched and used as a chicken feed.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8199,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds fed to chickens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8517,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as hummingbird feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
9057,856,Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Used as sheep, goat and deer feed and not eaten by cattle.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
9313,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Shoots cooked with fish for dog feed.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16"
9319,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,50,Fodder,Stalks used for pigfeed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
10127,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots 'better for fattening hogs than the best feed.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10140,1003,Claytonia multicaulis Nelson,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots 'better for fattening hogs than the best feed.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10334,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young plants used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
10442,1043,Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as a good feed for stock in the absence of grass.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
10746,1087,Cornicularia divergens Ach.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,191,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant given to fawns to try to get them to eat from their hands.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191"
11166,1107,Corydalis aurea Willd.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
11177,1108,Corydalis curvisiliqua ssp. occidentalis (Engelm. ex Gray) W.A. Weber,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
11502,1146,Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg.,95,Hopi,37,w39,84,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as food for wild doves.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 84"
11531,1148,Cryptantha cinerea var. jamesii Cronq.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,40,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40"
11538,1150,Cryptantha fendleri (Gray) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,40,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Used for sheep feed, a nuisance because the ripe fruits stick in the wool.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40"
11879,1198,Cyperus fendlerianus Boeckl.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,47,1,Food,50,Fodder,Flowers salted and fed to horses.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47"
11880,1198,Cyperus fendlerianus Boeckl.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,47,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds salted and fed to horses.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47"
11893,1202,Cyperus schweinitzii Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Considered an excellent fodder for fattening horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
12356,1271,Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
12394,1274,Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
12455,1290,Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used to fatten horses very quickly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
12928,1367,Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. macera (Wieg.) Gould,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
13036,1383,Elymus canadensis L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage and lemmas used as a palatable fodder for livestock.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
13037,1383,Elymus canadensis L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage and lemmas used as a palatable fodder for livestock.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
13039,1384,Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Young plants used for sheep and horse feed, mature plants made animals' mouths sore.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
13046,1389,Elymus repens (L.) Gould,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,155,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used for hay.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155"
13059,1392,Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed and sometimes harvested for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
13060,1392,Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus,259,Thompson,33,steed28,515,1,Food,50,Fodder,Cut and fed to horses as hay.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 515"
13311,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,272,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant fed to captive wild geese to make them fat in a week.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272"
13313,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant gathered to feed domesticated ducks and fed to ponies to make their coats glossy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
13323,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used in winter for fodder during hay shortage.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13369,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant given to horses to fatten them.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 25"
13377,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,273,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant fed to ponies to make them fat in a week.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 273"
13394,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used in winter for fodder during hay shortage.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13433,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,101,Isleta,76,j31,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used for horse feed.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
13450,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used in winter for fodder during hay shortage.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13517,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,209,Quileute,25,g73,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as fodder for horses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13519,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,210,Quinault,25,g73,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as fodder for horses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
14223,1547,Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'H‚r. ex Ait.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,34,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
15802,1723,Geranium caespitosum James,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,45,1,Food,50,Fodder,Considered good turkey food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
16575,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,95,Hopi,37,w39,96,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as an important food for summer birds.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
16608,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for livestock feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
16640,1822,Helianthus anomalus Blake,95,Hopi,37,w39,96,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as an important food for summer birds.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
16666,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,95,Hopi,37,w39,96,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as an important food for summer birds.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
16712,1836,Heliomeris longifolia var. annua (M.E. Jones) Yates,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and goat feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
16714,1837,Heliomeris longifolia var. longifolia,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
16717,1839,Heliomeris multiflora var. multiflora,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and deer feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
17020,1864,Heterotheca villosa var. villosa,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
17400,1909,Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum (Parl.) Thellung,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,313,1,Food,50,Fodder,Green grass used for fodder.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 313"
17548,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,1,Food,50,Fodder,Root chopped and put into pony feed to make them grow fat and have glossy hair.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
17549,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots fed to ponies to make them fatten rapidly.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
18364,2042,Juncus effusus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,38,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used to feed horses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38"
18373,2044,Juncus ensifolius Wikstr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,53,1,Food,50,Fodder,Rushes used as food for livestock.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 53"
18677,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,157,Navajo,74,e44,19,1,Food,50,Fodder,Branches cut off and given to the sheep to eat when the snow was deep.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 19"
19311,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,55,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a good feed for cattle and horses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
19333,2080,Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.D.J. Meeuse & Smit,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,218,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used for horse feed.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 218"
19476,2096,Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
19534,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,122,1,Food,50,Fodder,Shredded inner bark mixed with oats and fed to horses to make the hide of the animal loose.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122"
19707,2109,Lathyrus jepsonii ssp. californicus (S. Wats.) C.L. Hitchc.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,357,1,Food,50,Fodder,Cut for hay and used as fodder for horses and cattle.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 357"
19714,2112,Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves and roots used to put spirit into a pony just before they expected to race him.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
19720,2113,Lathyrus palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage was specially fed to a pony to make it grow fat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
19930,2137,Lepidium montanum Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
20077,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,55,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used as bedding and horse feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
20121,2163,Leymus triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,312,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage used as fodder in late summer.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 312"
20395,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,61,Dakota,139,n66,48,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds used to flavor feed.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
21271,2275,Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley,65,Diegueno,122,h75,218,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves fed to domesticated animals.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 218"
21381,2306,Lupinus sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a fodder for horses and cattle.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
22115,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,407,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots added to oats to make a pony grow fat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
22438,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Used for sheep feed, made the meat bitter.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
22538,2428,Medicago sativa L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,32,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Plant cultivated, harvested, dried, stacked or stored in hogans and fed to livestock in winter.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32"
22540,2428,Medicago sativa L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
23412,2519,Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
23515,2538,Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurb. ex S. Wats.) Rydb.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Used for sheep, horse and cow feed.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
23517,2539,Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
23527,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,157,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used for hay.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157"
24754,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,"In times of scarcity, spines were singed off and fed to stock.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17"
24980,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,1,Food,50,Fodder,Root used to attract horses and catch them. The horses were very fond of the root and would come running if people whistled for them holding the roots in their hands and then could easily be caught.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
24982,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,107,1,Food,50,Fodder,Root used to attract horses and catch them. The horses were very fond of the root and would come running if people whistled for them holding the roots in their hands and then could easily be caught.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
24985,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,124,1,Food,50,Fodder,Chopped roots added to oats or other seeds to fatten the ponies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 124"
25179,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25181,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25185,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25198,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25201,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25204,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25457,2738,Panicum capillare L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
25466,2740,Panicum obtusum Kunth,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Cut for hay.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
25565,2760,Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. L”ve,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,5,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Most valuable forage grass and cultivated for hay, good keeping qualities & high nutritional value.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5"
25569,2762,Paspalum setaceum Michx.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a valuable fodder plant.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
25663,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,123,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots mixed with oats to fatten the ponies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 123"
26356,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Plants, after harvesting the beans, used as stock feed.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"
26431,2879,Phleum pratense L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as feed for cows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
26513,2895,Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,59,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Plant used as sheep and goat feed, to produce good milk.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
27025,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,2,1,Food,50,Fodder,Rotten wood mixed with poque and fed to puppies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"
28385,2999,Plantago lanceolata L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as fodder for cattle.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
28484,3003,Plantago ovata Forsk.,193,Pima,11,c49,96,1,Food,50,Fodder,Herbs used for fodder.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96"
28667,3030,Poa fendleriana ssp. fendleriana,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
29172,3094,Populus angustifolia James,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29215,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29275,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,68,1,Food,50,Fodder,Twigs and bark fed to horses and other livestock.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29363,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,36,1,Food,50,Fodder,Bark and twigs formerly used to feed horses in winter.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36"
29364,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,68,1,Food,50,Fodder,Twigs and bark fed to horses and other livestock.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29385,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29512,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Bark fed to horses during war parties.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29535,3105,Populus sp.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,360,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Bark, similar to oats, used for horse feed.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 360"
29575,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Bark fed to horses during the winter.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29576,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,1,Food,50,Fodder,Bark made an excellent winter food for horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
29631,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29682,3089,Populus ?acuminata Rydb. (pro sp.)  [angustifolia ? deltoides],125,Lakota,156,k90,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Boughs and bark fed to horses during winter.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
29931,3152,Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29959,3153,Prosopis glandulosa Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29979,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29980,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29981,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
32579,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,228,Seminole,88,s54,493,1,Food,50,Fodder,Acorns used as hog food.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 493"
33861,3416,Rorippa teres (Michx.) R. Stuckey,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
35817,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,155,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves and bark used as food for both wild and domesticated animals.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 155"
36356,3554,Salsola tragus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Young plants used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
37166,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,25,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed in the spring.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
38513,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,64,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plants used for hog feed.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 64"
38592,3766,Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a fodder for horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
38593,3766,Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a fodder for horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
38601,3767,Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex Gray,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,57,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as hay for cattle.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 57"
38782,3806,Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,72,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass considered good pony feed.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 72"
38783,3806,Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage was a valuable fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
38784,3806,Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage was a valuable fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
38785,3806,Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage was a valuable fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
38869,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds parched and used as a chicken feed.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
40582,3997,Tridens muticus var. muticus,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
40624,4011,Trifolium pratense L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used with timothy as a good feed for cows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
40626,4011,Trifolium pratense L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as food for livestock.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
40820,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
43189,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,362,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for fodder.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 362"
43198,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,515,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as fodder for horses and cattle.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 515"
44445,4244,Zea mays L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Valued as a fodder for livestock.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
44477,4244,Zea mays L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,18,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18"
44673,4258,Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,11,c49,50,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds squeezed out from boiled berries and fed to chickens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"