id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
67,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction used as wash and poultice applied to cuts, bruises, sprains and sores.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
90,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Gum used for fractures.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
304,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for sprains.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
585,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,378,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark applied as poultice for paralysis.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
591,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Unspecified plant parts used for 'trouble with the limbs.',"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
630,32,Acer rubrum L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of bark used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269"
755,38,Achillea millefolium L.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,65,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sprains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
874,38,Achillea millefolium L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,244,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used as a liniment for sprains.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244"
879,38,Achillea millefolium L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,391,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sprains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
889,38,Achillea millefolium L.,141,Micmac,155,w22,25,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Dried, powdered bark or green leaves rubbed over sprains.","Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 25"
890,38,Achillea millefolium L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Herb used for swelling, bruises and sprains.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
927,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,153,k32,196,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to sprains.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196"
974,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves and roots rubbed on broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
1087,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of flowers used as a liniment for muscular pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1253,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of rootstocks used for lower back pains.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1254,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of powdered roots & yellow pond lily roots or cow parsnip roots applied to limb swellings.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1255,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Rootstock used for facial paralysis.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1305,55,Acorus calamus L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,26,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of pulverized roots and gun powder taken for arm and leg cramps.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 26"
1440,60,Actaea racemosa var. racemosa,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of smashed leaves applied to babies with sore backs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
1575,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,257,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of smashed plant applied to sore back of babies.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 257"
1651,78,Aesculus pavia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of pounded nuts used for 'white swelling' and sprains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
1901,102,Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Wet leaves rubbed on swollen arms, wrists or ankles.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
2006,128,Alisma plantago-aquatica L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,272,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Split root used for lame back or kidneys and leaf infusion used as a runner's liniment.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 272"
2366,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 70",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of twigs used as a liniment for sprain and backache pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 70"
2493,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease 'aching bones.',"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2544,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for broken bones and ribs.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2613,173,Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,22,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used for swellings and sprains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
2631,174,Alnus sp.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,54,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Bark used for dislocations and fractures.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54"
2635,174,Alnus sp.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,265,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion used as wash for sprains, bruises, headaches and backache.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"
2858,198,Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,468,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plants taken for cramps from picking berries.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 468"
2876,201,Ambrosia psilostachya DC.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,25,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated leaves applied to aching joints.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
3257,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of flower used as herbal steam for rheumatism and paralysis.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
3308,241,Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P.,30,Catawba,115,t40,5,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots used for backaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 5"
3334,248,Anemone canadensis L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root used for pain in the lumbar region.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
3394,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"33, 34",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for muscular pains and sore feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 33, 34"
3440,259,Angelica atropurpurea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,401,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of roots applied to broken bones.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 401"
3547,267,Angelica sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,23,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Burned twigs used to beat aching joints.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 23"
3552,267,Angelica sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,657,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Root taken for back pain.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657"
3597,270,Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,400,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied to sprained muscles and twisted joints.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"
3958,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
3966,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
4092,319,Aralia racemosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Taken for weak backs.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
4100,319,Aralia racemosa L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,366,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of root or decoction of root applied to fractured bone.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366"
4101,319,Aralia racemosa L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root or poultice of root applied to sprain or strained muscles.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
4122,319,Aralia racemosa L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,392,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for swellings on shins and calves.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 392"
4172,321,Aralia spinosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"31, 32",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Ooze of root used as wash for paralysis.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31, 32"
4325,329,Arctium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,474,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated leaves applied to bruises or backaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 474"
4541,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant taken and leaves rubbed on back for painful or sprained back.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 41"
4542,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,183,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for sprained backs.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4543,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,183,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for sprained backs.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4671,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant taken and used as a wash for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4807,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used as a liniment.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
4821,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,276,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of powdered plants taken for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276"
4822,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,277,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound of powdered plant and alcohol used as a liniment for sore joints.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 277"
4823,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,276,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Hot poultice of plant applied to bruises and for lameness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276"
4840,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,55,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Parts of plant used as a liniment used for external use.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55"
4843,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant used as a liniment.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
4853,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,192,Penobscot,103,s17,310,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant used as a liniment 'for general external use.',"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310"
4928,378,Arnica acaulis (Walt.) B.S.P.,30,Catawba,75,s37,189,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of roots taken for back pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 189"
4939,382,Artemisia absinthium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Boiled plant top used as warm compress for sprain or strained muscles.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
4946,382,Artemisia absinthium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,75,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of mashed, boiled plant applied or decoction of plant used as a wash for broken limbs.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
5089,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Fresh leaves used as a steamed herb for fractures.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5100,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,45,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of pounded plant applied for back pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 45"
5105,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Fresh leaves used as a steamed herb for fractures.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5153,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used in the sweat house for stiff joints.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5162,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"39, 40",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant tops applied for sprains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39, 40"
5197,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used in the sweat house for stiff joints.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5198,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in sweatbath for sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5419,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant boiled with 'any kind of weeds' and used on injured areas as a bone setter.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5429,400,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. incompta (Nutt.) Keck,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,65,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sprains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
5466,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,183,Paiute,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a soaking bath for aching feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5586,406,Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.,73,"Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut",187,o57,33,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used as switch during steambath for a sprained or sore limb.,"Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 33"
5588,406,Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,"5, 13",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated leaves applied to painful joint and used internally.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5, 13"
5634,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for ailing ilium.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
5654,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,115,Klamath,173,s30,131,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Smashed herbs used as substitute for liniment.,"Spier, Leslie, 1930, Klamath Ethnography, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 30:1-338, page 131"
5661,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,7,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Mashed herbs used as a substitute for liniment and as a poultice.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
5718,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of branches used as liniment for lumbago, muscular cramps and sore feet.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5780,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of branches used as a wash or liniment for lumbago or muscular cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5850,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for female backache and knee-ache.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
5860,411,Artemisia vulgaris var. kamtschatica Bess.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,425,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated leaves applied to sore muscles.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 425"
5869,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of root used to bathe swollen feet.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
5880,415,Aruncus dioicus var. acuminatus (Rydb.) Rydb. ex Hara,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Salve of stalk ashes and grease used for paralysis.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
5941,420,Arundo donax L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used as a splint for broken limbs.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
5976,421,Asarum canadense L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,366,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of root applied to fractured bones.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366"
6131,434,Asclepias incarnata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,418,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plants taken for lame backs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 418"
6349,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,132,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of root used or decoction taken for lameness.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 132"
6561,496,Astragalus sp.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,27,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to lame back.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 27"
7000,556,Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,363,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots rubbed on the arms and legs for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 363"
7006,556,Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,"56, 84",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound containing plant used as a lotion on sprains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 56, 84"
7104,576,Betula lenta L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,300,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction taken for soreness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 300"
7173,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of wood taken for back pain.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7273,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,5,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Bark used as casts for broken limbs. A soft material such as a cloth was placed next to the skin on the broken limb over which birchbark was wrapped and tied.  The birchbark was then heated until it shrank to fit the limb.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
7378,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,209,Quileute,25,g73,15,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of fresh leaves applied to paralyzed parts of the body.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
7470,617,Brassica napus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Taken for palsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
7484,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Taken for palsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
7652,662,Calla palustris L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,33,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Aerial stems used for sore legs.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
8192,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Dead ribs used as splints for broken bones.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8271,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark taken by ball players to make limbs supple.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8317,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark taken by ball players to make limbs supple.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8386,768,Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark taken by ball players to make limbs supple.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8459,782,Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Simple or compound decoction of flowers used for paralysis.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
8508,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of entire plant taken for lame back, stiff lungs and sore eyes.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
8585,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,3,Alabama,128,swan28,664,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root used as a wash for injured legs or feet.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 664"
8586,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,3,Alabama,115,t40,40,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots used as a bath for injured feet and legs.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 40"
8699,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8717,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves and twigs with Indian hellebore used for broken limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8740,820,Celastrus scandens L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,661,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used by women with urinary trouble or pain in small of back.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 661"
8836,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,116,Koasati,115,t40,58,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots taken for enlarged muscles.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
8992,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,365,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Mashed plant rubbed on limbs for soreness or aching.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 365"
9003,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,183,Paiute,153,k32,196,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to sprains.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196"
9024,851,Chaenactis santolinoides Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,19,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of roots taken for sore chest, sore shoulders and internal soreness.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 19"
9058,856,Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"56, 57",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of young shoots taken for lumbago.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 56, 57"
9291,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,100,Iroquois,7,h77,390,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of smashed roots applied to swollen knees.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 390"
9467,897,Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root applied as a poultice for numb or paralyzed limbs.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
9599,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,30,Catawba,115,t40,47,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for backache.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47"
9605,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,35,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used for backaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 35"
9618,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,105,Karok,71,sg52,387,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied or infusion of leaves taken for backaches.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"
9663,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,477,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of crushed, fresh plant applied to leg and foot swellings.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 477"
9838,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,20,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,'Mashed root put on a hot stone and sore limbs laid directly over it.',"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 20"
9858,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Boiled, roots used by bedridden patients or poultice of roots used for broken hips. The bedridden patient's back was splashed with water and the boiled, mashed roots placed on the back to help the patient recover.  The informant warned that the poultice should not be left on for more than half of an hour and that because of its toxicity, it should never be taken internally.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9859,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9873,942,Cicuta maculata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,398,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of plants used on bruises, sprains, sore joints or broken bones.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 398"
9884,943,Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"58, 59",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of roasted roots applied to 'deaden muscular pain.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 58, 59"
9887,943,Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"58, 59",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of roots applied to 'deaden muscular pain.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 58, 59"
10200,1016,Clematis columbiana var. columbiana,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,27,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Cold infusion of plant used as a lotion for swollen knee or ankle.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27"
10231,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,27,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for backache or swollen legs or arms.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27"
10253,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for tired feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
10278,1022,Clematis virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion with milkweed used for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
10532,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,58,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Leaves used for sprains, swellings and poison ivy.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58"
10533,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used for sprains.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
10603,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,25,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves and other plant parts pounded and resulting liquid applied to sprains and backaches.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 25"
10604,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,25,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Leaves, shoots and other plants pounded and resulting liquid used for injuries caused by accidents.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 25"
10697,1074,Cordylanthus ramosus Nutt. ex Benth.,157,Navajo,74,e44,96,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used to prevent broken ribs.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 96"
10722,1080,Coreopsis palmata Nutt.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,213,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of seeds used internally and as a poultice for one who is crippled.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 213"
10849,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant used as a medicine for paralysis.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
10936,1098,Cornus racemosa Lam.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,406,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of bark applied to swollen legs after the birth of a baby.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 406"
11013,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,62,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of bark taken for weakness or paralysis.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
11160,1106,Coronilla varia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant crushed and rubbed on cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
11174,1108,Corydalis curvisiliqua ssp. occidentalis (Engelm. ex Gray) W.A. Weber,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Cold infusion of plant used as a lotion for backache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
11458,1135,Crepis atribarba Heller,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,83,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of pounded green tops used in a foot bath for a 'sweaty feet' condition.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
11773,1169,Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis (Abrams) E. Murray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,22,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Hot or cold infusion of cones taken for backaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 22"
11844,1188,Cymopterus purpurascens (Gray) M.E. Jones,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,34,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for backache.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34"
11940,1208,Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,288,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction for soreness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 288"
12184,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,23,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of mashed roots taken for the mending of broken bones.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 23"
12207,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied for sprains and fractures.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 41"
12302,1256,Delphinium parryi Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,25,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Dried, ground root used as a salve for swollen limbs.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 25"
12610,1317,Dirca palustris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,387,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of roots taken for a strained back or back pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 387"
12751,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,188,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of powdered leaves and roots used as a wash for sore and painful necks.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
13048,1389,Elymus repens (L.) Gould,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction used to wash swollen legs and infusion taken for 'gravel.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
13188,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,27,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of stems taken for backaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"
13263,1414,Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,32,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion used as lotion and poultice of roots applied to muscular cramps.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 32"
13286,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Powdered stems put in moccasins to avoid foot cramps when traveling long distances.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
13304,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,261,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used for joint aches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 261"
13317,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of stems taken for backaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13328,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"55, 56",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant used for lumbago.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 55, 56"
13387,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of stems taken for backaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13437,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,15,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant taken or cold infusion used as a lotion for backaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15"
13443,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,17,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of stems taken for backaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13571,1442,Ericameria arborescens (Gray) Greene,144,Miwok,100,bg33,170,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to foot sores.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 170"
13581,1447,Ericameria linearifolia (DC.) Urbatsch & Wussow,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,33,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots used as a wash for tired feet.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33"
13694,1457,Ericameria palmeri var. palmeri,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,78,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Hot poultice of leaves and twigs bound to feet for swelling and pain.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 78"
13721,1467,Erigeron compositus Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant and any kind of 'weeds' used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13763,1479,Erigeron peregrinus ssp. callianthemus (Greene) Cronq.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,187,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion of dried, pulverized roots, stems and flowers used as a steambath or taken for backaches.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 187"
13764,1479,Erigeron peregrinus ssp. callianthemus (Greene) Cronq.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,187,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion of roots, stems and flowers used as steambath for backaches.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 187"
13832,1487,Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,48,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for tired feet.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 48"
13859,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,78,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for painful or fatigued limbs.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 78"
13896,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,169,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of mashed leaves applied to fractured bones, swelling, aided knitting and for pain.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 169"
13958,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in steambath for sprains, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13991,1503,Eriogonum divaricatum Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,19,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied to back for leg paralysis.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 19"
14035,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in steambath for sprains, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14084,1518,Eriogonum microthecum Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,72,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash or as a compress for lameness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 72"
14115,1527,Eriogonum racemosum Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,19,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for backaches and sideaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 19"
14141,1530,Eriogonum sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,35,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for pain in hips and back.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35"
14155,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in steambath for sprains, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14178,1533,Eriogonum umbellatum Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,73,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of leaves, and sometimes roots, applied for lameness or rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 73"
14181,1533,Eriogonum umbellatum Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,73,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of leaves, and sometimes roots, applied for lameness or rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 73"
14293,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,257,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of plant taken for dead people's sickness. The symptoms of this disease are numb and painful legs, neck, shoulders and perhaps the backbone.  The sufferer is sleepy during the day, has 'short breath,' and loses appetite.  Fever and headaches also accompany this illness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 257"
14294,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,288,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots applied to foot swellings.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 288"
14408,1572,Eucalyptus sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,73,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Oil used for rubbing over sprains.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73"
14417,1574,Euonymus americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark rubbed on cramps in veins.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
14472,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,154,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used to mend bones.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154"
14503,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,457,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Cold, compound infusion of leaves applied as poultice to broken bones.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 457"
14813,1629,Fouquieria sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,22,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots used in a soothing bath for swollen feet.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 22"
15414,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of flower heads used as a footwash.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
15422,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,84,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of mashed plant applied for backaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 84"
15520,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,440,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of whole plant applied to babies for backaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 440"
15765,1715,Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,414,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of roots applied for muscular soreness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 414"
15925,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in sweatbath for sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
15949,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root used as a wash for body stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15950,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in the sweatbath for sprains, aching and stiff joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
16023,1756,Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin.,30,Catawba,115,t40,6,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of beaten roots taken for backaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 6"
16085,1761,Gnaphalium uliginosum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,465,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plants used for bruises.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 465"
16164,1771,Grindelia camporum Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,33,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to sore parts of the body.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33"
16183,1776,Grindelia nana Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"81, 82",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of boiled plant applied to broken leg bones.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"
16251,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"81, 82",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of boiled plant applied to broken legs.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"
16262,1784,Gutierrezia californica (DC.) Torr. & Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,33,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated plant applied to aching back or limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33"
16338,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"82, 83",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of boiled leaves applied for sprains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 82, 83"
16393,1794,Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"40, 41",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Root of this or any poisonous plant used for serious injury such as fracture.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40, 41"
16432,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,347,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of shoots taken and poultice of bark used for bruises.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 347"
16440,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,37,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction rubbed on legs during sports, to keep legs limber.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 37"
16441,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,37,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of twigs used to 'cure a lame back.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 37"
16445,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"59, 60",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Twigs used to create steam in the sweatbath for sore muscles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 59, 60"
16550,1819,Helianthella uniflora (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"83, 84",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of mashed root applied for swellings and sprains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 83, 84"
16754,1849,Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark,100,Iroquois,7,h77,328,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of plants taken for stiff muscles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 328"
16776,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,425,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated leaves applied to sore muscles.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 425"
16783,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,61,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of compound containing roots used for hip pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
16884,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,62,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Heated poultice of sliced, pounded roots applied to sore backs.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
16913,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,210,Quinault,25,g73,42,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of warmed leaves applied to sore limbs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"
17073,1869,Heuchera cylindrica var. alpina Sw.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,176,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of roots taken or powdered roots rubbed on skin for sore muscles.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176"
17094,1874,Heuchera novomexicana Wheelock,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of split root applied to infected sores, swellings and fractures.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
17146,1881,Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia,30,Catawba,115,t40,20,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for backache.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
17322,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,129,Lummi,25,g73,33,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to sore feet.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33"
17489,1926,Hydrangea arborescens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used for sprains and as poultice for sore or swollen muscles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
17650,1964,Hypericum hypericoides ssp. hypericoides,3,Alabama,115,t40,42,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of mashed plants used as a bath for children too weak to walk.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 42"
17678,1968,Hypericum scouleri Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,89,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a bath for aching feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89"
17681,1968,Hypericum scouleri Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,89,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a bath for aching feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89"
17713,1977,Ilex opaca Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used to scratch cramped muscles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
17763,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for bruises.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
17767,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,154,Nanticoke,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for bruises.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
17774,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,192,Penobscot,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for bruises.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
17779,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,42,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of plant used as a liniment for sprains, bruises and soreness.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 42"
17856,1989,Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,52,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of pounded roots, other plants and the resulting liquid applied to broken bones.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 52"
18090,2017,Iris versicolor L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,287,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of smashed roots taken to induce paralysis.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 287"
18130,2020,Isocoma pluriflora (Torr. & Gray) Greene,193,Pima,11,c49,101,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied for muscular pain.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 101"
18352,2042,Juncus effusus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion given to babies to prevent lameness.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
18391,2050,Juncus tenuis Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion given to babies to prevent lameness.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
18492,2054,Juniperus communis L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,57,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Gum used for sprains and bark used for tuberculosis.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57"
18562,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"91, 92",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Seeds from dried fruit eaten for lumbago.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92"
18732,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"39, 40",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of toasted leafy twigs applied to bruise or sprain pains.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 39, 40"
19081,2063,Juniperus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant used as a footwash.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
19103,2063,Juniperus sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"32, 62",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated twigs bound on bruise or sprain for swelling.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32, 62"
19220,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,262,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Leaves used for scalping sickness: severe headache, backache and low fever.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 262"
19221,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,305,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used to smoke the body for eagle sickness: stiff neck or back.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 305"
19222,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,305,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used to smoke the body for fawn sickness: swollen legs and face.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 305"
19250,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,244,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Salve of pounded, fresh plant used for sprains.","Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244"
19254,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,57,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Herb used for sprains, pain and swellings.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57"
19267,2071,Kalmia latifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,'Leaf ooze rubbed into scratched skin of ball players to prevent cramps.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
19268,2071,Kalmia latifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound used as liniment.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
19337,2080,Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.D.J. Meeuse & Smit,95,Hopi,37,w39,32,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for sore muscles.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32"
19386,2084,Lactuca canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,478,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 478"
19568,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Branches used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19569,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Pitch considered a valuable bone setter for broken bones that would not heal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19584,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,23,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for aching bones and sprains.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 23"
19590,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,36,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for sore and aching parts of the body.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36"
19591,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,36,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated leaves applied to aching limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36"
19668,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,"64, 65",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Green branches laid on ashes, aching feet and stiff limbs held in smoke.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64, 65"
19669,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,64,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for stiff limbs.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64"
19670,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Smoke from smoldering green branches used for sore feet.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19706,2109,Lathyrus jepsonii ssp. californicus (S. Wats.) C.L. Hitchc.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,357,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of boiled plants applied to swollen joints.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 357"
19782,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of flowering tops used for tender feet.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
20379,2201,Linnaea borealis L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,314,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Mashed plant used for 'inflammation of the limbs.',"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314"
20477,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction blown onto fractured limbs.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
20562,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,"40, 41",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Finely ground leaves rubbed on paralyzed part.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 40, 41"
20563,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,185,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Leaf, root and stem powder rubbed on body for paralysis.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185"
20671,2222,Lobelia inflata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of root used for body aches and leaves rubbed on aches and stiff neck.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
20709,2226,Lobelia spicata Lam.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,60,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Cold infusion of roots put into scratches made for shaking arms.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60"
20710,2226,Lobelia spicata Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound taken for 'arm shakes and trembles.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
20778,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,66,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of peeled, pounded roots applied to sore backs.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 66"
20805,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,259,Thompson,10,tta90,154,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of washed, pounded root used for sprains and as a bone setter for broken bones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 154"
20828,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,79,Gosiute,38,c11,369,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of roots applied to foot crushed under the wheel of a wagon.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 369"
20829,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,79,Gosiute,38,c11,348,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of roots applied to infected, compound fractures.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 348"
20849,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,37,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Pounded roots applied as a salve to sore limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 37"
20868,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,183,Paiute,12,tha41,97-100,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of root applied and decoction used as a wash for sprains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100"
20894,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,97-100,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of root applied and decoction used as a wash for sprains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100"
20999,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of chewed seeds applied for backaches and swollen knees and feet.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
21076,2255,Lomatium utriculatum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,38,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for broken limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 38"
21161,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,63,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of stems taken for constitutional weakness or paralysis.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
21177,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,380,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of bark used as foot bath for leg and foot pains.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 380"
21178,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of bark used as a soak for sore feet and legs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
21179,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves or roots applied as poultice to swollen shoulders and feet.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
21209,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves and twigs used as a liniment.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
21210,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of sticks, leaves and all used for broken bones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21231,2268,Lonicera sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,24,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a bath for swollen feet.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 24"
21253,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plants applied for bruises.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21555,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Crushed stems used as foot pads in moccasins.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
21672,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of leaves applied for pain, particularly pains in the knees.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
22078,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots taken as a very strong medicine for sore back.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
22164,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,183,Paiute,12,tha41,139140,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of fresh or dried roots applied to sprains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 139140"
22243,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used for fractures.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22307,2394,Malus pumila P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,350,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of bark and fruit peelings used for bruises.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 350"
22324,2397,Malva neglecta Wallr.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,385,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Cold, compound infusion of leaves applied as poultice to broken bones.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 385"
22325,2397,Malva neglecta Wallr.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,385,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of plants applied as poultice to baby's sore back.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 385"
22406,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,251,Squaxin,25,g73,48,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of smashed stalks used as a soak for aching hands.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 48"
22456,2420,Matelea biflora (Raf.) Woods.,48,Comanche,143,j68,9,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of thick, white roots used for broken bones.","Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 9"
22463,2421,Matelea cynanchoides (Engelm.) Woods.,48,Comanche,143,j68,9,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of thick, white roots used for broken bones.","Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 9"
22528,2425,Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,44,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaf stalk base from the sterile frond taken for back pain.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 44"
22587,2440,Menodora scabra Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,39,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root used for 'pain in backbone.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39"
22969,2464,Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,52,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of pounded roots, other plants and the resulting liquid applied to broken bones.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 52"
23001,2476,Mimulus guttatus DC.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of stems and leaves used as steambath for chest and back soreness.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41"
23061,2490,Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root or poultice of root applied to sprain or strained muscles.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
23070,2490,Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Root used for sprains and swellings.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
23076,2490,Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.,240,"Sioux, Teton",190,d18,270,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Herb used externally for broken bones.,"Densmore, Frances, 1918, Teton Sioux Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #61, page 270"
23079,2491,Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of whole plant applied to fractures.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
23133,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,442,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 442"
23402,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,150,Montagnais,103,s17,314,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant used as a medicine for paralysis.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314"
23460,2527,Morinda citrifolia L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,73,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Young fruit thoroughly pounded with salt or fruit juice used for broken bones and deep cuts.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73"
23704,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used for swollen feet.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
24067,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,58,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used for limb swellings.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58"
24107,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Rhizomes used as a medicine for internal swellings or sickness in the bones.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
24121,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of mashed roots applied for sore back pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24160,2599,Nymphaea odorata Ait.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,58,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used for limb swellings and colds.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58"
24265,2613,Oenothera albicaulis Pursh,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,37,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root taken and used as a lotion for strain from carrying heavy load.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37"
24332,2626,Oenothera perennis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,390,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plants taken for paralysis.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 390"
24405,2639,Onosmodium molle ssp. occidentale (Mackenzie) Cochrane,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,185,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Smashed leaves and stems rubbed on back for lumbago.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185"
24439,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction taken to aid the knitting of broken bones.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24505,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,289,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark taken for bone ailments.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24888,2675,Orbexilum pedunculatum var. pedunculatum,30,Catawba,75,s37,188,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Root used as salve for broken bones.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"
25088,2700,Osmunda cinnamomea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,261,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction taken for joint pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 261"
25112,2705,Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark used to bathe sore muscles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
25269,2723,Oxytropis sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plant used in the sweatbath for sprains, stiff and aching muscles and joints.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
25286,2726,Packera aurea (L.) A.& D. L”ve,100,Iroquois,7,h77,473,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plants taken for broken bones.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 473"
25543,2757,Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,382,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of vines applied to bunches (swellings) on wrists.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 382"
25604,2765,Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,202,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction or infusion of plant used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 202"
25647,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,436,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of plants used as steam bath for sore legs or knees.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 436"
25707,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to fractures.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
25865,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plants used as a hot bath for sore feet and swollen legs and veins.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25878,2806,Penstemon eatonii Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,42,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for backache.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42"
25904,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant with other 'weeds' used as a poultice for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25905,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for sore back.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
25913,2809,Penstemon fruticosus var. scouleri (Lindl.) Cronq.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for sore back.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
25916,2809,Penstemon fruticosus var. scouleri (Lindl.) Cronq.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for sore back.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
25935,2820,Penstemon rostriflorus Kellogg,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,47,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of mashed roots applied to swollen limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47"
25947,2821,Penstemon sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plants taken for sore back.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
26132,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,257,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of leaves taken for dead people's sickness. The symptoms of this disease are numb and painful legs, neck, shoulders and perhaps the backbone.  The sufferer is sleepy during the day, has 'short breath,' and loses appetite.  Fever and headaches also accompany this illness.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 257"
26133,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,262,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Leaves used for scalping sickness: severe headache, backache and low fever.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 262"
26534,2896,Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnston,96,Houma,49,speck41,58,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant taken for debility and paralytic weakness.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58"
26572,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,101,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used as a splint for broken limbs.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"
26642,2905,Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene,96,Houma,49,speck41,65,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of plant used as a wash to make weak, lazy babies walk.","Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 65"
26748,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Strong infusion of plant used as a liniment on dislocations.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
26832,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,316,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of roots applied as poultice to sprains, bruises and swollen joints.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 316"
27401,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Compound decoction of needle tips taken for paralysis, weakness or sores.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
27445,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark gum and fat rubbed on the body for muscle and joint aches.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
27471,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark gum and fat rubbed on the body for muscle and joint aches.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
27472,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Salve of boiled sap and grease applied for muscle and joint soreness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
27523,2958,Pinus echinata P. Mill.,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,55,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,'Pellets of tar' considered 'beneficial for soreness of the back.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 55"
27703,2960,Pinus elliottii Engelm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of roots and buds used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269"
27735,2962,Pinus glabra Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Taken for 'weak back or kidneys.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
27848,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated resin applied to treat any general muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27885,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated resin applied for sciatic pains or muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
28207,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,265,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of leaves bound to broken bones.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 265"
28208,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,264,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for non-walking 2 or 3 year old infants.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 264"
28209,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,265,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of gum applied to broken coccyx.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 265"
28210,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,265,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Raw bark taken for rheumatism and stiff limbs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 265"
28283,2979,Pinus virginiana P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Taken for 'weak back or kidneys.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28362,2996,Plantago aristata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of leaf given to strengthen a child learning to walk.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28379,2999,Plantago lanceolata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of leaf given to strengthen a child learning to walk.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28405,3001,Plantago major L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of leaf given to strengthen a child learning to walk.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28454,3001,Plantago major L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380381,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of soaked leaves bound on bruises, sprains or sores.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380381"
28524,3006,Plantago sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,437,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots used as wash for sore joints and sprains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 437"
28546,3011,Platanthera dilatata var. leucostachys (Lindl.) Luer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,467,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plant used in the sweatbath for sprains, stiff and aching muscles and joints.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467"
28763,3043,Polygala paucifolia Willd.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of plants applied to sore legs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
28832,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,30,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots applied as a salve to cuts and bruises.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30"
28882,3055,Polygonum arenastrum Jord. ex Boreau,100,Iroquois,7,h77,314,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of whole plant used for lame back.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 314"
28897,3057,Polygonum aviculare L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,313,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction taken and poultice used for baby's broken coccyx.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 313"
28965,3070,Polygonum punctatum Ell.,96,Houma,49,speck41,58,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root taken for pains and swellings in the legs and joints.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58"
29083,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,256,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice applied to back and feet for spinal trouble and sore back of babies.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 256"
29191,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,54,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of compound containing buds applied to lung or hip pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
29203,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of infusion or decoction of used buds for sprains or strained muscles.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
29264,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of buds applied for hip pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29343,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Concoction of wood, willow, soapberry branches and 'anything weeds' used for broken bones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29390,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,"56, 84",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound containing bark used as a lotion for sprains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 56, 84"
29469,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,30,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of green leaves used as a bath or poultice of hot leaves applied to breaks or sprains.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 30"
29478,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of inner bark used as a wash for broken limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"
29479,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of inner bark used to wash broken limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"
29525,3105,Populus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,21,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark made into a syrup and used to set broken bones.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 21"
29531,3105,Populus sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,660,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark poured over fractured limbs and inner bark used to make splints.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 660"
29532,3105,Populus sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,660,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark poured over sprained ankles or other joints.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 660"
29533,3105,Populus sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,11,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for a broken arm.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 11"
29621,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,101,Isleta,76,j31,38,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Bark used as casts in setting broken limbs.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
29641,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,388,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of inner bark applied to sore arm or leg and used as a splint for broken limb.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388"
29701,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,131,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied to broken collarbones.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 131"
29738,3114,Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice used for 'leg swelling.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
29750,3115,Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice used for 'leg swelling.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
30202,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,424,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of plants used as steam bath for sore legs or stiff knees.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 424"
30203,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,425,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant taken for backaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 425"
30411,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Bark used to wrap splints for broken limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30538,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,116,Koasati,115,t40,27,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves rubbed on the scratches of tired legs.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 27"
31099,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"51, 52",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound used for muscular cramps and twitching.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51, 52"
31100,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,32,Cherokee,115,t40,61,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant rubbed into scratches made over muscle cramp pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
31162,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,101,Isleta,76,j31,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves used for paralysis.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41"
31211,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of pitch used for injured or dislocated bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31324,3202,Psidium guajava L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,55,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Buds and other plants pounded and resulting liquid applied to sprains.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 55"
31401,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,183,Paiute,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant taken for muscular pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
31475,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Fronds used as a bed to strengthen babies' backs and old people.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
31505,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for broken bones or poultice of leaves used to bind broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31506,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of boiled, pounded fronds mixed with leaves and used to set broken bones in place.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31549,3217,Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon,228,Seminole,88,s54,166,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for turkey sickness: permanently bent toes and fingers.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 166"
31550,3217,Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon,228,Seminole,88,s54,236,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots used for turkey sickness: permanently bent toes and fingers.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 236"
31562,3219,Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC.,228,Seminole,88,s54,271,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots used for persistent backache.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 271"
31790,3241,Pyrola elliptica Nutt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,409,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of smashed plants applied as poultice to sore legs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 409"
31911,3253,Quercus alba L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,266,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark used as a liniment for people.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
31912,3253,Quercus alba L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
31922,3253,Quercus alba L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
31925,3254,Quercus bicolor Willd.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,303,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of bark taken for broken bones.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 303"
32292,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,369,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Bark used to bandage a broken foot or leg.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369"
32318,3278,Quercus pagoda Raf.,96,Houma,49,speck41,56,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Strong decoction of root or bark applied to swollen joints.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 56"
32332,3281,Quercus phellos L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of bark used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269"
32401,3287,Quercus rubra var. rubra,3,Alabama,115,t40,16,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark given to child old enough to walk but too weak to do so.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
32439,3289,Quercus sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,665,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of bark used as a wash to strengthen children unable to walk.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 665"
32577,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,228,Seminole,88,s54,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of bark used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269"
32640,3299,Ranunculus abortivus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,325,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for stiff muscles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 325"
32733,3320,Ranunculus uncinatus D. Don ex G. Don,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of plant used as a sweatbath wash for stiff, sore muscles and bones.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
32771,3325,Rhamnus alnifolia L'H‚r.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,381,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion given and used as a wash for bad backs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 381"
32899,3345,Rhus copallinum L.,116,Koasati,115,t40,36,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a bath and given to babies to make them walk.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 36"
33060,3351,Rhus sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,372,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of bark applied to dislocated elbows or shoulders.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 372"
33319,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,346,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 346"
33351,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,183,Paiute,12,tha41,129,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken for leg swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 129"
33359,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,129,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken for leg swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 129"
33725,3396,Ribes sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,58,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of inner bark taken for paralysis.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 58"
33970,3421,Rosa blanda Ait.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,78,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of root taken for lumbago.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 78"
34153,3432,Rosa sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,59,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of inner bark taken for weakness or paralysis.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
34911,3469,Rubus sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,58,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of inner bark taken for paralysis.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 58"
35277,3485,Rumex crispus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,312,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used for strained muscles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 312"
35455,3494,Rumex salicifolius Weinm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,60,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Mashed roots used as a salve on sore limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 60"
35526,3500,Ruta chalepensis L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,22,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for paralysis.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 22"
35529,3501,Ruta graveolens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Added to whiskey and taken for palsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
35655,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,135,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of branch tips used for soaking the feet and legs for cramps.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 135"
35676,3520,Salix bebbiana Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of damp inner bark applied to the skin over a broken bone.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
35740,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,288,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark used as a bath for hot feet.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 288"
35977,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,135,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of branch tips used for soaking the feet and legs for cramps.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 135"
36013,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,141,Micmac,103,s17,317,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of bruised leaves applied to sprains and bruises.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317"
36014,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,141,Micmac,103,s17,317,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of scraped root and spirits applied to sprains and broken bones.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317"
36064,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of damp inner bark applied to the skin over a broken bone.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36245,3551,Salix sp.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of damp inner bark applied to the skin over a broken bone.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36261,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for lumbago.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36313,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Branches used as splints for broken limbs and rubbed on compound fractures.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36314,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark used for bathing broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36315,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of plant used as a wash for pain and swelling, especially of feet.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
36316,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of boiled bark used for a period of time for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36464,3561,Salvia mellifera Greene,50,Costanoan,16,b84,16,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a bath for paralysis.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 16"
36541,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant rubbed on sprains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
36800,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,280,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of bark used as a footbath for aching legs and feet.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"
36860,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,47,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of leaves or bark applied to sore joints for the swelling.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47"
37098,3579,Sanicula smallii Bickn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used as a liniment and infusion taken for colic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
37183,3588,Sarracenia purpurea L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,59,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction taken for lower back pain.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 59"
37254,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,100,Iroquois,7,h77,334,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for swellings on the shins and calves.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 334"
37543,3614,Scirpus sp.,96,Houma,49,speck41,60,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for weak legs.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60"
37672,3643,Senecio flaccidus var. flaccidus,95,Hopi,37,w39,"32, 98",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Pounded plant smeared over sore muscles.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32, 98"
37697,3648,Senecio spartioides var. multicapitatus (Greenm. ex Rydb.) Welsh,291,Zuni,6,s15,59,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of powdered root ceremonially rubbed on limbs for 'aching bones.',"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 59"
37807,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,203,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of hot water softened bark & pin cherry bark used to make broken bone plaster or bandage.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 203"
38002,3685,Silphium integrifolium Michx.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,216,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Root steam directed to crippled area and used for pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 216"
38024,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root taken for back pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
38027,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,468,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots used as face wash for paralysis.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 468"
38066,3689,Sinapis alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Taken for palsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
38134,3703,Sium suave Walt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,399,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of smashed roots applied as poultice for pain from broken limb.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 399"
38135,3703,Sium suave Walt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,399,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of fried turnips applied to sprained muscles or out of joint limbs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 399"
38161,3704,Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex Small,100,Iroquois,7,h77,467,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of stalks and roots taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 467"
38181,3709,Smilax glauca Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Rubbed in brier scratches for muscular cramps and twitching.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38190,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Rubbed in brier scratches for muscular cramps and twitching.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38196,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,346,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root taken for kidney trouble.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346"
38220,3712,Smilax pseudochina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Rubbed in brier scratches for muscular cramps and twitching.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38229,3713,Smilax rotundifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Rubbed in brier scratches for muscular cramps and twitching.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38369,3731,Solanum xanti Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,64,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated plant applied to swollen leg and shoulder.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 64"
38408,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,184,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plant used to make a steambath for crippled, paralyzed people.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 184"
38479,3746,Solidago speciosa var. rigidiuscula Torr. & Gray,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Warm poultice of boiled stalk or root applied to sprains or strained muscles.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
38561,3760,Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,61,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of inner bark from the stem base used for backaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 61"
38562,3760,Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,61,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of peeled sticks taken for back pain.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 61"
38672,3777,Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb.,95,Hopi,82,c74,362,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Root chewed or boiled for broken bones.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 362"
38680,3780,Sphaeralcea parvifolia A. Nels.,95,Hopi,82,c74,363,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Chewed or boiled root used for broken bones.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 363"
38685,3781,Sphaeralcea sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"31, 85",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Root chewed or decoction used for broken bones, as 'there's gristle in the root.'","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 31, 85"
38745,3795,Spiraea sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,349,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark used as a body wash to make children stronger to walk.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 349"
39207,3876,Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,31,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots used for facial paralysis.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 31"
39222,3879,Symphytum officinale L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used for sprains and bruises.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
39288,3891,Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion used to bathe swollen feet.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
39293,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion used for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
39310,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,473,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for bone decay and headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 473"
39359,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,7,h77,477,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 477"
39398,3895,Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,61,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of pulverized fresh leaves used to dress bone fractures.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 61"
39417,3898,Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,66,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Ground root applied as a salve for aching limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"
39418,3898,Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,66,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of pounded roots used as a bath for swollen limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"
39441,3901,Taxus baccata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,264,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of twigs used for finger or leg numbness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 264"
39622,3911,Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound rubbed on limbs of ball players to toughen them.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
39623,3911,Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,33,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots given to children to make them strong and muscular.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
39652,3914,Tetradymia canescens DC.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Cold simple or compound infusion of leaves taken for backache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
39676,3917,Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica (Greene) Parker,95,Hopi,37,w39,94,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of plant applied to hip and back pain, especially during pregnancy.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 94"
39721,3924,Thalictrum fendleri var. polycarpum Torr.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,47,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of pounded plant applied to sprains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 47"
39733,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,78,Gitksan,9,s29,57,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Root chewed and juice swallowed for sore legs.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 57"
39810,3940,Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton,228,Seminole,88,s54,267,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used for old paint woman sickness: insanity and weakness of the limbs and neck.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 267"
39875,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,270,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash or poultice of leaves applied to sprains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 270"
39876,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,270,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction used as a wash for weakness in the hips due to untreated broken coccyx.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 270"
39877,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,270,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Fermented compound decoction taken for soreness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 270"
39878,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,35,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of bough and milk decoction mixed with grease and applied for paralysis.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 35"
39900,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,62,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used for swollen feet and hands and stems used for headaches.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62"
40045,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of leaves applied to sore backs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40308,3957,Tiarella cordifolia L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,344,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of smashed plants applied to sore backs of babies.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 344"
40347,3959,Tilia americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,384,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of leaves applied to broken bones and swollen areas.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384"
40348,3959,Tilia americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of branches used as wash for babies that don't walk but should.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
40736,4024,Trillium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,286,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for stiff muscles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 286"
40750,4027,Triosteum perfoliatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion used for soaking sore feet and ooze used as a wash for leg swelling.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
40877,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,268,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Fermented compound decoction taken for soreness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268"
41038,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion of bark, grand fir and red alder barks taken for broken bones.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41232,4049,Typha latifolia L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,271,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of smashed root applied as poultice for sprains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 271"
41450,4051,Ulmus americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,304,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of bark taken for broken bones.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 304"
41530,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,27,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of bark applied to broken and fractured arms or legs.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 27"
41738,4058,Urtica dioica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,289,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of leaves and stalks used for paralyzed limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41753,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,55,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used to sting paralyzed limbs daily to cause sores and revive sensation.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
41764,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,28,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of sprouts applied or person whipped with stalk for paralysis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
41784,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,114,Klallam,25,g73,28,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of stalks rubbed on the body for soreness or stiffness.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
41838,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,210,Quinault,25,g73,28,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Whole stalk used as a whip on a person with paralysis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
41858,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471472,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plant dipped in water and rubbed on stiff, sore joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471472"
41879,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,68,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Stems and leaves used as a counterirritant for sore limbs and back.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"
41906,4061,Urtica sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,21,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used to strike aching joints 'to reduce the pain.',"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 21"
41936,4066,Uvularia grandiflora Sm.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,64,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of root mixed with lard and used as salve to massage sore muscles and tendons.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 64"
41937,4066,Uvularia grandiflora Sm.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,64,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of root used for backaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 64"
41941,4067,Uvularia perfoliata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,280,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plant used several ways, internally and externally, for broken bones.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 280"
41947,4068,Uvularia sessilifolia L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,281,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of roots taken and roots used as a poultice for broken bones.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 281"
42603,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,127,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of mashed plant applied to sprains and broken bones.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 127"
42641,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots used as compresses for sprains and fractures.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42657,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound used as a liniment for pains or sore muscles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
42658,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound used as liniment for sore muscles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
42712,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,267,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of roots applied to sore backs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 267"
42713,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots and oil rubbed on bloody back for back pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42723,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to the skin by hunters for backaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
42745,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant considered good for broken bones. One informant cautioned that it should not be taken internally because of its extreme toxicity.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42767,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,30,Catawba,75,s37,190,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of smashed leaves applied to sprains.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 190"
42805,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction given and applied as poultice to baby's broken coccyx.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42840,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,28,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a hot poultice for human or animal sprains.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 28"
43181,4137,Viburnum recognitum Fern.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,448,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice applied to swollen legs of woman after birth of the baby.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448"
43206,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,34,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant rubbed into scratches made over location of muscle pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 34"
43207,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Used for back pains, to toughen muscles, for muscular cramps and twitching.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43580,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,384,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of roots applied to swollen limbs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384"
43620,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,183,Paiute,153,k32,196,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to broken bones and sprains.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196"
43658,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,131,Mahuna,5,r54,69,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for total paralysis.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 69"
43710,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of grated roots used for breaks and sprains.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
43738,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,307,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of roots used as a steam and rubbed on the legs for soreness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 307"
44059,4229,Yucca filamentosa L.,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,56,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of roots applied to sprains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 56"
44078,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of grated roots used as herbal steam for breaks and sprains.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44079,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of grated roots used for breaks.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
44304,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root used as a wash for paralysis and to strengthen child's legs and feet.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
44329,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44357,4242,Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,61,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Salve of grated root mixed with whiskey rubbed on swollen limbs.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 61"
44566,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of bulb used for sprains and lameness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44573,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of bulb used for sprains and lameness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44578,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,276,Washo,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of bulb used for sprains and lameness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44588,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,321,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of mashed bulbs applied to painful bruises and sprains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 321"
44604,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied to sore legs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
44608,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,133,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Mashed bulbs rubbed on broken bones to help them heal more quickly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 133"
44617,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots with other plant parts mixed with water and used as a bath for slight sprains.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"