id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
46,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of root used as herbal steam for rheumatic joints.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
59,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,269,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Steam from decoction of branches used as a bath for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
115,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,24,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of foliage used as a bath for rheumatism.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
149,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,50,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of compound containing bark applied for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
742,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of plant applied to swellingss.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
743,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed flowers applied to swollen parts.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
801,38,Achillea millefolium L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,6,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves boiled and used for aching backs and legs.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
808,38,Achillea millefolium L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,360,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plant applied for rheumatism.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"
809,38,Achillea millefolium L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,350,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plant applied to joints affected by rheumatism.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 350"
852,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
885,38,Achillea millefolium L.,141,Micmac,155,w22,25,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Dried, powdered bark or green leaves rubbed over swellings.","Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 25"
910,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of whole plant used as a bath for arthritic or rheumatic pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
940,38,Achillea millefolium L.,209,Quileute,25,g73,49,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of boiled leaves applied to rheumatic limbs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
961,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and roots used for bathing arthritic limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
962,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded roots used on the skin for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
1007,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,27,Carrier,134,c73,85,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and stems used as a bath for rheumatism.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 85"
1043,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a liniment or wash for sores or rashes.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1075,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a liniment or wash for sores or rashes.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1236,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of powdered roots & yellow pond lily roots or cow parsnip roots applied to painful joints.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1237,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of powdered roots and yellow pond lily roots or cow parsnip roots applied for muscle pain.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1238,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of powdered roots and yellow pond lily roots or cow parsnip roots applied for rheumatism.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1239,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Rootstocks used for sore muscles and rheumatic pains.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1437,60,Actaea racemosa var. racemosa,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots or plants used as a soak and steambath for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
1482,63,Actaea rubra ssp. rubra,100,Iroquois,7,h77,321,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 321"
1489,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of leaves and branches used to bathe infected, sore or swollen areas of the body.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1503,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,30,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for arthritis.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"
1548,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,8,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of root applied with warm hands for rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 8"
1549,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,3,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots rubbed on area affected by rheumatism.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 3"
1567,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,258,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of green roots used as foot soak for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 258"
1632,76,Aesculus glabra Willd.,62,Delaware,97,t72,30,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Nuts carried in the pocket for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30"
1637,76,Aesculus glabra Willd.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Carried in the pocket for rheumatism pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 78"
1641,77,Aesculus hippocastanum L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Horse chestnut carried in the pocket for rheumatism.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
1642,77,Aesculus hippocastanum L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Horse chestnut carried in the pocket for rheumatism.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
1643,78,Aesculus pavia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Nut carried in pocket for rheumatism and good luck.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
1894,101,Ageratina occidentalis (Hook.) King & H.E. Robins.,291,Zuni,6,s15,50,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Ingredient of 'schumaakwe cakes' and used externally for rheumatism.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 50"
2242,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Infusion of bulbs, sometimes combined with Monarda, applied to swellings.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
2414,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,55,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of compound containing buds applied to lung or hip pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2859,198,Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,35,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves applied to swellings.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 35"
3191,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,17,g19,93,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of stems used in cases of rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93"
3192,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of twigs applied for rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
3215,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,125,Lakota,108,r80,45,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pulverized leaves applied with any salve to swellings.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 45"
3255,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of flowers used as herbal steam for rheumatism and paralysis.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
3433,259,Angelica atropurpurea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,400,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Plant or root used internally, externally or in steambath for rheumatism.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"
3459,260,Angelica breweri Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"34, 35",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pulped root applied to rheumatic pains or swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 34, 35"
3476,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed roots applied to swellings.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
3608,277,Antennaria parvifolia Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,35,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used for swellings.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 35"
3663,282,Anthemis cotula L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,392,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of plants used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 392"
3923,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,37,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Mashed fresh roots rubbed briskly on aching rheumatic joints.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 37"
3983,313,Arabis puberula Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,37,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Crushed plant used as a liniment or mustard plaster.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 37"
3990,316,Aralia californica S. Wats.,105,Karok,70,b81,17,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots used as a soak for arthritis.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4269,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used as a medicine for rheumatism.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
4288,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,62,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of wetted leaves and salt applied to swellings.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 62"
4289,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,100,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots and fruits used for rheumatism.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 100"
4296,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"70, 128",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves applied for rheumatic pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70, 128"
4297,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves used for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
4311,329,Arctium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,475,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves applied to draw poison out and to sweat for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 475"
4333,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4615,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4711,352,Arenaria congesta Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of steeped leaves applied for swellings.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 42"
4715,352,Arenaria congesta Nutt.,276,Washo,111,m90,42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of steeped leaves applied for swellings.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 42"
4728,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of broken roots applied to area affected by rheumatism.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
4842,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"70, 128",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of dried root used as a liniment for pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70, 128"
4851,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pulverized corm applied as counterirritant for rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
4931,379,Arnica cordifolia Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed plant used for swellings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
4979,387,Artemisia californica Less.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,25,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a bath for rheumatism.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
4988,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Chewed leaf spittle applied to rheumatic parts.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
5053,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,25,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a compress for rheumatism pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
5060,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,105,Karok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves applied for rheumatism and arthritis.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5087,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fresh leaves used as a liniment.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5088,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of fresh leaves used for arthritis.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5092,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,276,Washo,12,tha41,39,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves used as a liniment for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39"
5096,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,45,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded leaves applied for rheumatism or arthritic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 45"
5103,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fresh leaves used as a liniment.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5104,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of fresh leaves used for arthritis.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5127,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,45,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of foliage used lukewarm for swollen feet and legs.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 45"
5132,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,13,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13"
5140,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,76,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used in a steambath for rheumatic or arthritic pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
5150,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used in the sweat house for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5158,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"39, 40",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Hot decoction of branches used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39, 40"
5159,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"39, 40",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Hot poultice of plant tops applied to sprains, swellings or rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39, 40"
5165,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of tops used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5188,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a 'liniment' for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5189,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fresh plants used as a bed in the sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5190,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used in the sweat house for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5318,398,Artemisia furcata var. heterophylla (Bess.) Hult‚n,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,392,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves applied or leaves used in sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 392"
5413,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a 'liniment' for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5437,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,28,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Crushed plant rubbed on body as a liniment for soreness or stiffness.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
5453,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,183,Paiute,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Branches used in a sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5454,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,183,Paiute,12,tha41,40-42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of steamed plants or bruised leaves used for rheumatism or other aches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5519,404,Artemisia sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,716,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of powdered plant used for swellings.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716"
5535,404,Artemisia sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,27,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of leaves boiled into a thick paste used as a salve or liniment for athletes.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
5536,404,Artemisia sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,27,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of plant used to bathe body parts for rheumatism.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
5537,404,Artemisia sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,27,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Plants beaten into a paste, rubbed on body parts and heated with hot stones for rheumatism.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
5574,406,Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of fresh or dried leaves used for arthritic like ailments.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
5575,406,Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of stems used for discomfort of swollen areas.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
5593,406,Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,17,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of above the ground part of the plant used as a body wash for aches and pains.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17"
5594,406,Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,17,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves applied or decoction of leaves used as a wash for swellings and body aches.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17"
5616,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,351,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used externally and internally for rheumatism.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 351"
5651,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,115,Klamath,66,c97,105,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of herbage used as a substitute for liniment.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"
5738,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of ground leaves and tobacco applied to swellings on adults or children.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
5762,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of boiled branches applied for aches and pains, especially rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5794,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a bath for muscular ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5795,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a bath to 'rest your bones' and relax you.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5817,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,374,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used for body aches.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 374"
5858,411,Artemisia vulgaris var. kamtschatica Bess.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Heated plant used externally as a 'switch' for rheumatism.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
5895,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,3,g83,261,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots used for rheumatism.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 261"
6042,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,56,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used externally for knee pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56"
6229,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed roots applied for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
6233,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of root used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6290,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Stalks cooked as greens and used for rheumatism.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
6339,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,37,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37"
6371,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed roots applied to swellings.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
6392,451,Asparagus officinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,282,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction with roots used as a foot soak for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 282"
6393,451,Asparagus officinalis L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Stalks cooked as greens and used for rheumatism.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
6666,504,Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Fr‚m.) S. Wats.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,125,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves boiled and used as a liniment for sore muscles and aches.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 125"
6701,511,Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats.,136,Maricopa,11,c49,67,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of dried galls burned on the affected area for rheumatism.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 67"
6702,511,Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,67,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of galls placed on area affected by rheumatism.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 67"
6724,517,Atriplex sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,11,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Infusion of smaller leaves used as a wash for aching body, joints and sore muscles.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 11"
6788,534,Baccharis pteronioides DC.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,261,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and roots used as wash for rheumatism.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 261"
6808,537,Baccharis sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,17,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Hot poultice of leaves applied to swellings and aches.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 17"
6812,537,Baccharis sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,32,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as a rub for swelling.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
6827,540,Bahia dissecta (Gray) Britt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,62,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Powdered plant rubbed on affected parts for rheumatism.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 62"
7023,560,Barbula unguiculata Hedw.,228,Seminole,88,s54,203,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203"
7059,571,Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville,291,Zuni,6,s15,44,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Ingredient of 'schumaakwe cakes' and used externally for rheumatism.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 44"
7343,588,Bidens coronata (L.) Britt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,204,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 204"
7532,623,Brickellia ambigens (Greene.) A. Nels.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,33,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Dried, ground leaves mixed with water and used as a salve.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
7552,627,Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,33,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Dried, ground leaves mixed with water and used as a salve.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
7609,647,Bryum capillare (L.) Hedw.,228,Seminole,88,s54,203,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203"
7664,665,Callicarpa americana L.,3,Alabama,128,swan28,663,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots and branches used in sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663"
8337,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,7,h77,297,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of bark applied as a poultice for arthritis.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 297"
8568,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,333,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots used as a foot and leg bath for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 333"
8711,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of branches used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8712,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves used as a bath or leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism or arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8713,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves and twigs used for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8726,820,Celastrus scandens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
9038,854,Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,52,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice or infusion of plant used for swellings.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
9045,854,Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom,291,Zuni,6,s15,55,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of whole plant rubbed on body for swelling and rheumatic pain.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 55"
9103,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9111,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Branches placed on top of burning sea wrack as part of a steam treatment for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
9343,885,Chaptalia tomentosa Vent.,228,Seminole,88,s54,192,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of leaves rubbed on body & body steamed for deer sickness: numb, painful limbs & joints.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 192"
9379,894,Chenopodium album L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,35,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as wash for painful limbs.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 35"
9444,895,Chenopodium ambrosioides L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,168,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used as wash for rheumatic parts.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168"
9658,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,83,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves put in bath water of sprinters and canoers as a liniment for sore muscles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83"
9687,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,289,Yurok,70,b81,23,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used for various aches and pains and to relax the muscles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9742,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,273,Wailaki,89,c02,319,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Bulb rubbed on body for rheumatism.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
9814,935,Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"57, 58",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of moistened, crushed stems and leaves applied for rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 57, 58"
9822,938,Cibotium chamissoi Kaulfuss,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Very fine, downy hairs burned and the heat applied to hardened muscles and tired limbs.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 43"
9852,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,183,Paiute,98,m53,96,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of mashed roots used as a soothing solution for 'rheumatism' and tired and aching feet.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 96"
9870,942,Cicuta maculata L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,35,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Dried roots powdered, made into a liniment and applied externally.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 35"
9882,943,Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"58, 59",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of roasted roots applied to rheumatic joints.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 58, 59"
10036,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Hot infusion of roots or twigs used as a steam treatment for muscular swellings and stiff joints.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
10037,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 74",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of whole plant used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 74"
10150,1005,Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,59,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plants applied as a counterirritant for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59"
10248,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed leaves applied for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
10459,1046,Collinsonia canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,429,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of roots taken and used as foot, back and leg soak for rheumatism.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 429"
10562,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
10602,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,25,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves and other plant parts pounded and resulting liquid applied to sore joints.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 25"
11157,1106,Coronilla varia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant crushed and rubbed on rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
11242,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,85,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of branches applied for rheumatism.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 85"
11357,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,124,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Thorn used to pierce areas affected by arthritic pain. The upper end of the thorn was ignited and burned down to the point buried into the skin.  This treatment was very painful, but after a scab had formed and disappeared, the arthritic pain also disappeared.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"
11638,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,291,Zuni,157,cb80,375,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of powdered seeds, flowers and saliva applied to swellings.","Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 375"
11739,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,45,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Ingredient in schumaakwe cakes and used externally for rheumatism and swelling.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
11894,1203,Cyperus sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,45,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Buds, leaves, roots and other plants pounded and resulting liquid used as a bath for body aches.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 45"
12088,1239,Datisca glomerata (K. Presl) Baill.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,168,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of pulverized root used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168"
12129,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Powdered leaves made into an ointment and applied to swellings.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12180,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,23,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of mashed roots used as a bath for rheumatic and arthritic limbs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 23"
12450,1288,Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould,228,Seminole,88,s54,194,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Whole plant used for rabbit sickness: muscular cramps.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 194"
12459,1291,Dichanthelium strigosum var. glabrescens (Griseb.) Freckmann,228,Seminole,88,s54,194,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Whole plant used for rabbit sickness: muscular cramps.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 194"
12765,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,125,Lakota,108,r80,37,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed roots applied to swellings.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 37"
12893,1362,Echinocereus sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,28,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of roasted leaves used for swellings.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
13008,1376,Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes,228,Seminole,88,s54,203,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203"
13107,1397,Encelia virginensis var. actonii (Elmer) B.L. Turner,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,27,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and flowers used as a wash for rheumatic pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"
13109,1397,Encelia virginensis var. actonii (Elmer) B.L. Turner,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,59,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of roots used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 59"
13282,1420,Epixiphium wislizeni (Engelm. ex Gray) Munz,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves heated with stones and rubbed on swellings.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
13560,1439,Eriastrum filifolium (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"80, 81",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a bath for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 80, 81"
13566,1442,Ericameria arborescens (Gray) Greene,144,Miwok,100,bg33,170,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves used for rheumatism.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 170"
13567,1442,Ericameria arborescens (Gray) Greene,144,Miwok,100,bg33,170,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of twigs and leaves applied to rheumatic parts.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 170"
13576,1445,Ericameria cooperi (Gray) Hall,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,59,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of stalks and flowers used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 59"
13578,1447,Ericameria linearifolia (DC.) Urbatsch & Wussow,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,33,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to limbs for rheumatism.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33"
13583,1447,Ericameria linearifolia (DC.) Urbatsch & Wussow,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,59,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of leaves and flowers used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 59"
13842,1487,Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"71, 72",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used in hot compresses for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 71, 72"
13850,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Branches and leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
13851,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Steam of burned branches and leaves used for rheumatism.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
13862,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,13,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used for rheumatism.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 13"
13884,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,169,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves used as plasters on aching or sore spots.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 169"
13915,1491,Eriodictyon trichocalyx Heller,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,71,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of fresh, pounded leaves applied to sore or fatigued limbs for rheumatism.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 71"
13953,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13954,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants used in steambath for aching and rheumatic joints.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14026,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14027,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants used in steambath for aching and rheumatic joints.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14082,1518,Eriogonum microthecum Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,72,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used in hot compresses or as a wash for lameness or rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 72"
14151,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants used in steambath for aching and rheumatic joints.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14174,1533,Eriogonum umbellatum Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,73,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of mashed leaves, often with roots, used for lameness or rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 73"
14179,1533,Eriogonum umbellatum Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,73,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of mashed leaves, often with roots, used for lameness or rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 73"
14211,1546,Eriophyllum lanatum var. leucophyllum (DC.) W.R. Carter,144,Miwok,100,bg33,169,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves bound on body over aching parts.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 169"
14274,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,215,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Cold infusion of plant used as a bath for body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 215"
14308,1553,Erysimum capitatum (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene,291,Zuni,157,cb80,375,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of whole plant used for muscle aches.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 375"
14310,1554,Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed leaves applied to swellings.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
14311,1554,Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed leaves applied to swellings.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
14326,1558,Erythrina herbacea L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,192,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of 'beans' used as a body rub & steam for deer sickness: numb, painful limbs & joints.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 192"
14327,1558,Erythrina herbacea L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,192,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of inner bark used as a body rub & steam for deer sickness: numb, painful limbs & joints.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 192"
14405,1572,Eucalyptus sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,73,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Oil used for rubbing over rheumatic pain.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73"
14457,1579,Eupatorium maculatum L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,348,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of root used as a wash for joint inflammations.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 348"
14461,1579,Eupatorium maculatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,456,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound plants used for the liver and rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 456"
14486,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,142,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of boiled plant tops applied for rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 142"
14609,1591,Euphorbia marginata Pursh,125,Lakota,108,r80,45,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of crushed leaves used as a liniment for swellings.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 45"
15063,1644,Frangula californica ssp. californica,145,Modesse,109,m66,224,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used as a medicine for rheumatism.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 224"
15246,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,412,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound infusion of roots and bark used as foot soak for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412"
15396,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants used to make a steambath for rheumatism and general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
15505,1688,Galium sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,24,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used externally for rheumatism.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 24"
15513,1688,Galium sp.,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,376,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated leaves and stems applied for rheumatism.,"Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 376"
15595,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,33,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Plants used with poke root, mullein leaves, wild cherry and black cohosh barks for rheumatism.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 33"
15840,1728,Geranium oreganum T.J. Howell,144,Miwok,100,bg33,170,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of root rubbed on aching joints.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 170"
15921,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fresh plants used as a bed in the sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
15945,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and stiff joints and muscles.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15967,1743,Gilia rigidula ssp. acerosa (Gray) Wherry,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,45,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Crushed plant used to massage the muscles for cramps.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
16032,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots applied to swellings.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
16092,1763,Goodyera oblongifolia Raf.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,77,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used in the bathwater of sprinters and canoers as a liniment for stiff muscles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
16105,1764,Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,62,Delaware,97,t72,37,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used as a medicine for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37"
16293,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,46,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Strong, black infusion of crushed plant used as a rub for rheumatism.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
16336,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"82, 83",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of boiled leaves in cloth applied as a heat pack for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 82, 83"
16353,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,291,Zuni,157,cb80,375,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of whole plant used for muscle aches.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 375"
16450,1802,Hazardia squarrosa var. squarrosa,65,Diegueno,122,h75,220,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used for bathing the aches and pains of the body.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 220"
16552,1819,Helianthella uniflora (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"83, 84",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed root applied for rheumatism of the shoulder or knee.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 83, 84"
16611,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,84,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of root used as a warm wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 84"
16780,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,61,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound infusion of root used as poultice for pains like rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
16799,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,27,Carrier,134,c73,82,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of ground roots applied for rheumatism.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 82"
16814,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,40,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of root, calamus and yellow pond lily used as a wash for painful limbs.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
16815,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,40,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of ground root, calamus and yellow pond lily applied to painful limbs.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
16819,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,25,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of fresh roots used for rheumatism.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"
16820,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,61,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed root applied to rheumatic or other swellings.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
16834,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,400,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound infusion of plant used as steam bath for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"
16870,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,366,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed roots applied to swellings.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 366"
16895,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"85, 86",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed root applied for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86"
16899,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,130,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of roasted, split plants applied to aching joints for rheumatism.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 130"
16901,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,200,Pomo,80,g67,14,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"
16902,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,200,Pomo,80,g67,14,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of pounded, raw or heated roots applied to rheumatism.","Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"
16905,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,87,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of baked, pounded root used for rheumatism, arthritis and other muscular pains.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 87"
16931,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,236,Sikani,9,s29,61,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed roots applied to swellings of rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
17052,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,31,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots used for 'aching bones.',"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 31"
17070,1869,Heuchera cylindrica var. alpina Sw.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,176,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Powdered roots rubbed on the skin for rheumatism or sore muscles.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176"
17097,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Pounded, wetted root used for rheumatism.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
17589,1949,Hymenoxys bigelovii (Gray) Parker,95,Hopi,82,c74,328,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used for severe pains in hips and back.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 328"
17811,1984,Inula helenium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,467,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves or roots applied for rheumatism and arthritic sores.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 467"
17873,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of root applied to rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
17935,1996,Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"76, 77",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of crushed plant applied for rheumatic aches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 76, 77"
18042,2011,Iris missouriensis Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"89, 90",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed roots applied to rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90"
18078,2017,Iris versicolor L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
18509,2054,Juniperus communis L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,4,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of branches and fruit used as a wash for body aches and pains.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 4"
18620,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated twigs bound over a bruise or sprain for swelling.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18637,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,101,Isleta,76,j31,32,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of cedar bark used for bathing and washing sore feet.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
18722,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated twigs bound over a bruise or sprain for swelling.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18756,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,373,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used for muscle aches.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 373"
18780,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Branches used in the sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18781,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of berries taken or poultice of decoction applied for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18782,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of boiled twigs applied and cooled decoction used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18875,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Branches used in the sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18876,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of berries taken or poultice of decoction applied for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18877,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of boiled twigs applied and cooled decoction used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18901,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,130,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roasted berry steam used for rheumatism.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 130"
18939,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and turpentine rubbed on parts affected by arthritis and rheumatism.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18940,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Leaves boiled, turpentine added, mixture cooled and used for arthritis and rheumatism.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18985,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Concoction used for arthritis and rheumatic pain.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19005,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed and dampened branches applied to arthritic joints.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19036,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,21,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots used as a foot soak for rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
19041,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of berries used externally for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19079,2063,Juniperus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots and poplar leaves applied like a liniment to stiff backs or backaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
19086,2063,Juniperus sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,657,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of warm sprigs and leaves applied to rheumatic aches and pains.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657"
19142,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
19155,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 76",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76"
19209,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,193,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves used as a body rub and steam for joint swellings.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 193"
19264,2071,Kalmia latifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),'Bristly edges of ten to twelve leaves' rubbed over skin for rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
19547,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,25,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant tops used to soak arthritic limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25"
19583,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,23,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves used as a bath for rheumatism and painful arthritis.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 23"
19604,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,61,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as bath and rub or poultice applied to rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 61"
19623,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,284,Yavapai,48,g36,261,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and stems used as wash for rheumatism.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 261"
19629,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,83,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant made into liniment used by elderly people for swollen limbs caused by poor blood circulation.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 83"
19642,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,101,Isleta,76,j31,26,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves used as a body bath for rheumatism.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
19646,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"96, 97",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 96, 97"
19656,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated branches applied for rheumatism.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19657,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated branches applied to joints.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19703,2108,Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Stalks cooked as greens and used for rheumatism.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
19779,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of flowering tops used for rheumatism.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
19857,2126,Ledum palustre L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,16,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and stems used for arthritis.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16"
19892,2129,Lemna trisulca L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,71,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of wetted plant and another plant applied to swellings.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 71"
19959,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"97, 98",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of stems used in cases of rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 97, 98"
19961,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"97, 98",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of stems used in cases of rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 97, 98"
19967,2148,Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) S. Wats.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,52,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Bruised plant mixed with salt and used as a rub for swellings.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
20001,2156,Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion rubbed on for rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
20129,2165,Liatris laxa Small,228,Seminole,88,s54,193,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a body rub and steam for joint swellings.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 193"
20159,2170,Liatris sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,660,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Simple or compound infusion of root rubbed on affected rheumatic part.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 660"
20235,2180,Ligusticum porteri Coult. & Rose,291,Zuni,157,cb80,379,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of root used for body aches.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 379"
20609,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,185,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of dried, powdered leaves and stems applied for rheumatic pains.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185"
20610,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,185,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of dried, pulverized leaves and stems applied for rheumatic pains.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185"
20665,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,56,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Ingredient of 'schumaakwe cakes' and used externally for rheumatism.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 56"
20738,2232,Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,44,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Root moxa used for arthritic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 44"
20789,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,129,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant rubbed on the joints for rheumatism and aches.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129"
20856,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,183,Paiute,12,tha41,97-100,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of root applied and decoction of root used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100"
20882,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,97-100,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of root applied and decoction of root used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100"
20943,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,60,Crow,30,h92,26,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of boiled root shavings used for swellings.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26"
20988,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,382,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of chewed seeds applied to back for sore places, pains or itching.","Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 382"
21053,2253,Lomatium sp.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,182,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of dried pulverized roots applied to swellings.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 182"
21147,2264,Lonicera interrupta Benth.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,44,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of raw root applied to swellings.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 44"
21171,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
21246,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plants applied for rheumatic pains.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21509,2324,Lycopodium obscurum L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of moss used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
21568,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of crushed plant, warmed with rocks, applied to swellings.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
21591,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,22,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated blossoms applied to the body for rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
21594,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound containing root used for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21595,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice applied or leaves sat on or lain on in sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21638,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,133,Makah,3,g83,336,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used for arthritis.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 336"
21685,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used in a steam for arthritis and lumbago.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21693,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used in a steam for arthritis and lumbago.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21868,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of peeled, chopped rootbark used as a wash for arthritis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21927,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of peeled, chopped rootbark used as wash for arthritis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21956,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,76,Flathead,30,h92,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots used for rheumatism.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 18"
21968,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,219,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Cooled decoction of roots used as a wash for aches.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219"
22082,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,100,Iroquois,7,h77,283,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound infusion used as foot soak.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 283"
22151,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,79,Gosiute,38,c11,382,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pounded roots rubbed on limbs affected by rheumatism.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 382"
22341,2399,Malva parviflora L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,171,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Infusion of leaves, soft stems and flowers used as poultice on swellings.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 171"
22398,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,390,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Seeds and roots used for rheumatism or root rubbed on rheumatic joints.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 390"
22426,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,101,Isleta,76,j31,34,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of crushed leaves used for swellings.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
22671,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,64,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves used for rheumatism and arthritis.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 64"
22769,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used in the sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
22770,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant steamed in the sweatbath for rheumatism and severe colds.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
23086,2494,Mitchella repens L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,173,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plant applied to swellings.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 173"
23087,2494,Mitchella repens L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used for swellings.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
23102,2494,Mitchella repens L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Hot infusion of roots or twigs used as a steam treatment for muscular swellings and stiff joints.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
23104,2494,Mitchella repens L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 76",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Strong infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76"
23169,2499,Mnium affine,29,"Carrier, Southern",14,c93,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used to bathe a swollen face.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 53"
23170,2500,Mnium punctatum L.,133,Makah,14,c93,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used for swellings.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 53"
23323,2509,Monarda sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,657,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of plant used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657"
23443,2525,Morella cerifera (L.) Small,141,Micmac,155,w22,30,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Hot poultice of pounded, water soaked roots applied to inflammations.","Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 30"
23595,2567,Navarretia cotulifolia (Benth.) Hook. & Arn.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,171,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction applied to swelling.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 171"
23768,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Crushed seeds used as a liniment for rheumatic swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23769,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,98,m53,108,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of stems and leaves used as a wash for aches and pains.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 108"
23770,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings, especially from rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23794,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings, especially from rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23842,2579,Nicotiana glauca Graham,131,Mahuna,5,r54,60,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as a steambath for rheumatism.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 60"
23971,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,291,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Juice rubbed on the hands and feet for rheumatism.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 291"
24117,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,210,Quinault,25,g73,29,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated roots applied for rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29"
24119,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of mashed roots applied for rheumatism.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24123,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Powdered, dried leaves mixed with bear grease and used as an ointment for swellings.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
24133,2597,Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata (Dur.) E.O. Beal,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,46,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of grated rhizomes & other ingredients applied to sore joints, swellings and painful limbs. Poultice consisted of grated rhizomes, grated calamus rootstocks and occasionally cow parsnip with the addition of water or grease.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 46"
24139,2597,Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata (Dur.) E.O. Beal,76,Flathead,30,h92,33,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of rootstocks added to bath water for rheumatism.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 33"
24207,2608,Octoblephorum albidum Hedw.,228,Seminole,88,s54,203,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203"
24262,2613,Oenothera albicaulis Pursh,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,27,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plant used for swellings.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
24301,2619,Oenothera coronopifolia Torr. & Gray,291,Zuni,157,cb80,377,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of powdered flower and saliva applied at night to swellings.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377"
24313,2620,Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner,291,Zuni,157,cb80,377,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of powdered flower and saliva applied at night to swellings.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377"
24339,2630,Oenothera triloba Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,55,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Ingredient of 'schumaakwe cakes' and used externally for rheumatism.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 55"
24400,2637,Onosmodium molle Michx.,125,Lakota,108,r80,41,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots and seeds used by men for swellings.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 41"
24403,2639,Onosmodium molle ssp. occidentale (Mackenzie) Cochrane,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,185,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pulverized leaves and stems mixed with grease and used as a rub for lumbago.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185"
24419,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,41,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of bark used as wash for rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
24426,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Bark and other plants used for arthritis.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24427,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of compound containing bark used for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24449,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Bark and other plants used for arthritis.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24463,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded leaves applied to arthritic joints.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24498,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,133,Makah,3,g83,289,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for arthritis.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24499,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,133,Makah,3,g83,289,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of cooked or boiled plant applied to sore spots.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24518,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used in a bath for rheumatism.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24528,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of pounded, boiled roots used for rheumatism.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78"
24529,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Prickly stems beaten against the skin as a counterirritant for sore limbs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78"
24550,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Bark and other plants used for arthritis.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24807,2670,Opuntia sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,10,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of warm fruit applied and warm fruit juice rubbed on for rheumatism.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 10"
25021,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used to make a liniment.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
25079,2700,Osmunda cinnamomea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,8,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of root applied with warm hands for rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 8"
25080,2700,Osmunda cinnamomea L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,4,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots rubbed on area affected by rheumatism.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 4"
25085,2700,Osmunda cinnamomea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,261,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction taken for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 261"
25115,2705,Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of heart wood used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
25152,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,13,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13"
25153,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,108,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of whole plant used to wash parts of the body afflicted with rheumatism.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 108"
25160,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plant applied to swollen areas on the skin.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
25264,2723,Oxytropis sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Plant used in the sweatbath for rheumatism, stiff and aching muscles and joints.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
25400,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,193,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots used as a body rub and steam for joint swellings.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 193"
25476,2742,Panicum sp.,228,Seminole,88,s54,166,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for rabbit sickness: muscular cramps.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 166"
25696,2781,Pediomelum canescens (Michx.) Rydb.,228,Seminole,88,s54,285,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of wet, warm tuberous roots applied for rheumatism.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 285"
25701,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed roots applied to sprains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
25897,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a wash for arthritis or as a bath for any kind of aches and sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25898,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Whole plant used to make bathing water for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
26096,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,192,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of leaves rubbed on body & body steamed for deer sickness: numb, painful limbs & joints.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 192"
26097,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,203,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203"
26211,2842,Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq.,241,Skagit,25,g73,49,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of warmed leaves applied to parts afflicted with rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
26217,2842,Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves placed in hot water and used for arthritic joints.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
26260,2854,Phacelia crenulata var. corrugata (A. Nels.) Brand,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,59,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of root used as a rub for swellings.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
26271,2861,Phacelia purshii Buckl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plant used for swollen joints.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
26403,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Dried, powdered leaves mixed with pitch or bear grease and rubbed on the skin for swellings.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26404,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Powdered, burned wood mixed with pitch or bear grease and rubbed on the skin for swellings.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26432,2880,Phlox austromontana Coville,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,238,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of pounded roots rubbed all over the body for aches.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 238"
26452,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,238,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of pounded roots rubbed all over the body for aches.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 238"
26511,2895,Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,59,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Crushed plant used as a rub for rheumatism.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
26539,2896,Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnston,228,Seminole,88,s54,192,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of leaves rubbed on body & body steamed for deer sickness: numb, painful limbs & joints.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 192"
26559,2899,Phoradendron villosum (Nutt.) Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,49,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of plant used as a wash on limbs affected by rheumatism.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49"
26735,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used for swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
26736,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots applied to aching parts of the body.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
26737,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Strong infusion of plant used as a liniment on sprains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
26764,2927,Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,73,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of bark used as a wash or soaking solution for rheumatic pain.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
26812,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,32,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Roasted, crushed roots used with sarsaparilla and mountain grape barks for rheumatism.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 32"
26817,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 78",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Strong infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 78"
26822,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Stalks cooked as greens and used for rheumatism.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
26892,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
27127,2936,Picea pungens Engelm.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,60,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as a bath for rheumatism.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60"
27143,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,"51, 52",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of compound containing gum applied to the arms for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52"
27144,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Ripe cones used to make a steambath for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27145,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Sapling bark used to make a steambath for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27146,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,"51, 52",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Steam bed of ripe cones or bark on hot stones used by rheumatics.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52"
27171,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of pitch, Indian hellebore roots and rhizomes applied to sore areas.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27243,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of bark used as a soak for soreness.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27244,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pitch mixed with badge moss and used for arthritic joints.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27290,2939,Picea sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,268,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction applied to parts affected by rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268"
27313,2942,Picrothamnus desertorum Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"43, 44",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of stems and leaves used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 43, 44"
27385,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound containing gum used as poultice on arms for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
27462,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Salve of boiled sap and grease applied for rheumatism.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
27489,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,178,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Smoldering twigs applied to arthritic or injured joints for the pain and swelling.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178"
27699,2960,Pinus elliottii Engelm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,286,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of wood or bark used as a bath for aches and pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 286"
27722,2962,Pinus glabra Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Oil used to bathe painful joints.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
27917,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,241,Skagit,25,g73,16,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of young shoots used as a soak for rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
27947,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,76,Flathead,30,h92,50,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Boughs used in sweat lodges for muscular pain.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"
27948,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,76,Flathead,30,h92,50,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pitch and melted animal tallow or lard used for rheumatism.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"
28042,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Pitch used for aching backs, joints and limbs.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28154,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,285,Yokia,89,c02,307,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Burning twigs and leaves used as sweat bath for rheumatism pain.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
28269,2979,Pinus virginiana P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Oil used to bathe painful joints.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28346,2994,Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of crushed 'leaves' applied to infections and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
28350,2994,Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,52,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Heated or cooled poultice of boiled plant and Sitka spruce pitch applied to sore and swollen joints.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 52"
28353,2995,Plagiomnium juniperinum,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used as an anti-swelling medicine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 53"
28389,3001,Plantago major L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,172,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves applied to the foot for rheumatism or swellings.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172"
28412,3001,Plantago major L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of chopped, fresh leaves applied for rheumatism.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
28468,3001,Plantago major L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Compound poultice of leaves applied to wounds, swellings and rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
28510,3006,Plantago sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,439,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves applied for arthritis.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 439"
28539,3011,Platanthera dilatata var. leucostachys (Lindl.) Luer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,467,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Heated decoction of plant used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467"
28540,3011,Platanthera dilatata var. leucostachys (Lindl.) Luer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,467,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and various joint and muscle aches.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467"
28585,3017,Platanus occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,348,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound infusion of bark and roots used as foot soak for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 348"
28659,3027,Plumbago zeylanica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,25,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of pounded bark, leaves and roots applied to swollen parts of the body.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 25"
28732,3039,Poliomintha incana (Torr.) Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,351,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for rheumatism.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 351"
28744,3039,Poliomintha incana (Torr.) Gray,257,Tewa,82,c74,351,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for rheumatism.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 351"
28756,3042,Polygala lutea L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,264,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Plant used for sapiyi sickness: heart palpitations, yellow skin, body swelling and short breath.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 264"
28767,3045,Polygala rugelii Shuttlw. ex Chapman,228,Seminole,88,s54,264,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Plant used for sapiyi sickness: heart palpitations, yellow skin, body swelling and short breath.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 264"
28959,3069,Polygonum persicaria L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,315,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a foot and leg soak for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 315"
28976,3075,Polypodium californicum Kaulfuss,273,Wailaki,89,c02,303,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Root juice rubbed on areas affected by rheumatism.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 303"
29063,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,8,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of root applied with warm hands for rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 8"
29064,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,32,Cherokee,115,t40,3,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots rubbed on area affected by rheumatism.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 3"
29065,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used in 'medicine rubbed on skin for rheumatism after scratching.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
29076,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,256,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of smashed roots used as a foot soak for 'rheumatism' in back and legs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 256"
29163,3093,Populus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
29189,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,54,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used in sweatbath for pains similar to rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
29219,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
29305,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,68,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used for aching muscles.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29391,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,68,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used for aching muscles.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29464,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,106,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of boiled bark and leaves applied to swellings caused by muscle strain.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 106"
29508,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves and juniper roots applied like a liniment to stiff backs or backaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
29567,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,130,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of shredded roots applied to joints for rheumatism.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 130"
29646,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of stems and branches used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
29668,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of stems and branches used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
29692,3107,Porophyllum gracile Benth.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,249,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of pounded plant rubbed in as a liniment.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249"
29731,3114,Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used for rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
29742,3115,Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice used for rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
29892,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29909,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
31137,3196,Pseudognaphalium viscosum (Kunth) W.A. Weber,144,Miwok,100,bg33,170,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves used for swelling.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 170"
31140,3197,Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. spicata,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of leaves used for bathing sore, swollen, crippled or paralyzed limbs caused by arthritis.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
31161,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,101,Isleta,76,j31,41,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used for rheumatism.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41"
31175,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,20,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used in the sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20"
31180,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of ashes or ash and fat salve used for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
31188,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,203,"Pomo, Little Lakes",89,c02,309,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used as a sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309"
31201,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Heated branches or moxa of bough tips and needles used for rheumatism.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
31202,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of ashes or ash and fat salve used for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
31389,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,183,Paiute,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Hot decoction of plant used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
31501,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Leaves used in a steambath for arthritis. The leaves were placed over red hot rocks in a steaming pit, a little water was added and the person laid on top of the fronds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31586,3223,Pulsatilla occidentalis (S. Wats.) Freyn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of plant used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
31592,3224,Pulsatilla patens (L.) P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,80-82,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of crushed, fresh leaves applied to affected part for rheumatism.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80-82"
31607,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,47,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of fresh leaves used as a counterirritant for rheumatism.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
31614,3226,Pulsatilla sp.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves applied for rheumatism.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
31891,3253,Quercus alba L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,56,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Crushed root mixed with whiskey and used as liniment on rheumatic parts.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 56"
31909,3253,Quercus alba L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"75, 132",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of inner bark used as a liniment for pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132"
32327,3281,Quercus phellos L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,286,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of wood or bark used as a bath for aches and pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 286"
32572,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,228,Seminole,88,s54,286,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of wood or bark used as a bath for aches and pains.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 286"
32679,3307,Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,119,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed and dampened whole plants applied to sore joints.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 119"
32715,3316,Ranunculus repens L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,71,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed leaves used for muscular aches and rheumatic pains.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
32729,3320,Ranunculus uncinatus D. Don ex G. Don,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of plant used as a wash or steam for stiff, sore muscles and rheumatism.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
32818,3333,Rhizomnium glabrescens (Kindb.) Koponen,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of crushed 'leaves' applied to infections and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
32851,3338,Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Peeled and boiled twig rubbed on rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
34168,3432,Rosa sp.,60,Crow,30,h92,62,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of crushed roots used for swelling.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 62"
34201,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,17,Arapaho,139,n66,48,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Seeds used to produce a drawing effect for muscular pains.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
34454,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
34670,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
34740,3462,Rubus odoratus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
35187,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,56,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used in sweatbath for pains similar to rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56"
35194,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded leaves and stems applied to sores and other painful areas.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35230,3485,Rumex crispus L.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Mashed root pulp used for swellings.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
35263,3485,Rumex crispus L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Stalks cooked as greens and used for rheumatism.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
35316,3485,Rumex crispus L.,183,Paiute,98,m53,67,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed roots used for pain and swelling of sprained or swollen areas.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 67"
35317,3485,Rumex crispus L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,131132,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pulped root applied to rheumatic swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 131132"
35334,3485,Rumex crispus L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,131132,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pulped root applied to rheumatic swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 131132"
35435,3490,Rumex orbiculatus Gray,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,58,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of whole plant applied externally to painful joints.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58"
35464,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used for swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
35467,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,58,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of whole plant applied externally to painful joints.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58"
35614,3513,Salicornia virginica L.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,91,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Plant used for arthritic pain, rheumatism, aches, pain and swelling.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 91"
35713,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,215,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Cold infusion of plant used as a bath for body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 215"
35714,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,203,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203"
35812,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,22,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poles used for framework of 'sweat tepee' for rheumatism.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35991,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,22,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poles used for framework of 'sweat tepee' for rheumatism.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
36151,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound infusion of root used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36198,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as a wash for rheumatic aches.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36553,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of dried flowers applied externally for sprains and bruises.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
36566,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,94,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Dead stalks used to make a steambath for arthritis or rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 94"
36571,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,183,Paiute,98,m53,111,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated stems applied to the body that ached from rheumatism and similar disorders.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 111"
36788,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,63,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Roots rubbed on the skin for aching, tired muscles.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
36874,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Cooked shoots put in bath water and used as a soak for sore, arthritic areas.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36875,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of cooked shoots applied to sore, arthritic areas.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
37037,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37317,3591,Saururus cernuus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37320,3591,Saururus cernuus L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,204,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 204"
37321,3591,Saururus cernuus L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,286,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used for rheumatism.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 286"
37669,3643,Senecio flaccidus var. flaccidus,95,Hopi,82,c74,359,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of flowers and leaves used for sore muscles.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 359"
37686,3647,Senecio spartioides Torr. & Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,360,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of flowers and leaves used for sore muscles.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 360"
37828,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,60,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant applied externally for aching limbs and arthritis.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
37893,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,13,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of stems and leaves used as a wash for swellings.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 13"
38197,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,287,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction used as a wash and steam bath for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 287"
38382,3733,Solidago californica Nutt.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,170,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaf powder dusted on sores.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 170"
38560,3760,Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,61,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of inner bark from the stem base used for rheumatism.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 61"
38607,3770,Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed root used for swollen feet.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
38608,3770,Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,141142,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of wilted plants bound onto rheumatic or swollen areas.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 141142"
38843,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,142,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of hot, pulped root applied for rheumatic pains.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 142"
38857,3820,Stellaria media (L.) Vill.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,41,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plant fragments with other plants applied for swellings.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 41"
39165,3866,Symphyotrichum frondosum (Nutt.) Nesom,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"48, 49",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of stems and flowers used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48, 49"
39224,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,153,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used for swellings.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 153"
39233,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,277,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Steam from compound decoction of roots used for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 277"
39435,3901,Taxus baccata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,264,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Steam from compound decoction used for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 264"
39571,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used for rheumatism.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
39578,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
39584,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,138,Menominee,51,s23,54,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Herbal steam from branches used in sudatory for rheumatism and numbness.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 54"
39616,3911,Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers.,30,Catawba,115,t40,33,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves placed in shoe for rheumatism.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
39673,3917,Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica (Greene) Parker,95,Hopi,82,c74,327,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used for severe pains in hips and back.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 327"
39837,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,163,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of powdered leaves applied to swellings.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 163"
39838,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used for swellings.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
39865,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,270,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant tips used as a foot bath for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 270"
39866,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,270,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Steam from compound decoction used as a bath for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 270"
39927,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,49,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used externally for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
39928,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for a swollen neck.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39929,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
40133,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,20,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of boughs used to soak painful joints from arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20"
40134,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,20,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Weak infusion of boughs taken for painful joints from arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20"
40702,4020,Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of root 'pricked in with needles' near sore joints.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
40729,4024,Trillium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,285,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Infusion of powdered plant used on joints for rheumatism, then put on powder.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 285"
40835,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used as a medicine for rheumatism.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
40839,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,125,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of branches boiled down to a thick syrup or paste and used as a poultice for arthritis.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 125"
40863,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Hot infusion of roots or twigs used as a steam treatment for muscular swellings and stiff joints.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
40864,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 80",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots or twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 80"
40866,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,268,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Steam from decoction of leaves and bark used for rheumatism and as a foot soak.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268"
40932,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,51,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of compound containing gum applied to the arms for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
41110,4045,Turricula parryi (Gray) J.F. Macbr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,68,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"
41633,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,349,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as a bath for rheumatism.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349"
41646,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,13,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated leaves applied for rheumatic pains.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13"
41649,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,90,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves used for rheumatic pains.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 90"
41667,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,287,Yuki,111,m90,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves used as wash for rheumatism.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
41686,4058,Urtica dioica L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,76,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of steamed leaves and roots used on swollen, sore, arthritic legs, ankles and joints.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
41698,4058,Urtica dioica L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,297,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fiber used to cauterize swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 297"
41713,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,128,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants whipped over body for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41723,4058,Urtica dioica L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,140,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fresh plants used to beat the skin after 'sweathousing' and for rheumatic and arthritic pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 140"
41727,4058,Urtica dioica L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,126,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves and stalks used to whip aching arms and legs for rheumatism.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 126"
41730,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41734,4058,Urtica dioica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,289,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Nettles used for arthritis. One informant said that a neighboring woman who had arthritis hit her skin all over with nettles and within two months, she was getting strong and healthy again.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41750,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,55,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used in a sweatbath for pains similar to rheumatism all over the body.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
41758,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,28,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Whole stalk used as a whip on a person with rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
41774,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of roots applied to aches and swollen joints.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41792,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,174,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of root used as a bath for rheumatism.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 174"
41793,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,174,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaf powder rubbed on affected rheumatic body parts.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 174"
41808,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,146,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of root used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 146"
41821,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,77,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Nettle used to strike the skin as a counterirritant for rheumatism.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 77"
41830,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,209,Quileute,25,g73,28,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Whole stalk used as a whip on a person with rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
41841,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,146,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Hot poultice of mashed leaves applied for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 146"
41868,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,143,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Used for rheumatism and muscular stiffness.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"
41872,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Nettles used to whip rheumatic or arthritic joints.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 43"
41899,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,131,Mahuna,5,r54,59,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves rubbed on parts ailing from inflammatory rheumatism.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 59"
41902,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,200,Pomo,80,g67,13,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Nettle used to strike skin as a counterirritant for rheumatic pains.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13"
41907,4061,Urtica sp.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,219,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Sprig brushed against the affected part for rheumatism.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 219"
41911,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
42519,4094,Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,79,Gosiute,38,c11,350,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pounded roots rubbed on parts affected by rheumatism.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 350"
42520,4094,Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,79,Gosiute,38,c11,384,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pounded roots rubbed on parts affected by rheumatism.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384"
42578,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of root applied for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42579,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pulped root or decoction of root applied with friction as a liniment.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42599,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,127,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed roots applied to swollen arms and legs.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 127"
42605,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of root applied for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42606,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pulped root applied with friction as a liniment.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42622,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,276,Washo,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pulped root applied with friction as a liniment.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42633,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of compound containing bulb applied to arms for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42656,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,8,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots rubbed on 'leg scratches' for rheumatism.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8"
42670,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of cleaned, sliced, dried and boiled roots used for rheumatism.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42682,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of roots, rhizomes and Sitka spruce pitch applied to sore areas.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42699,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,323,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots and rhizomes applied externally for arthritis.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 323"
42719,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of raw roots applied carefully to the skin for rheumatic and arthritic pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
42720,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used for rheumatism or arthritis.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42727,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,79,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Dried roots used in bath water for arthritis or rheumatism.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 79"
42735,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,76,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used in small doses for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 76"
42740,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used for sore feet. One informant cautioned that it should not be taken internally because of its extreme toxicity.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42741,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used externally for arthritis. One informant cautioned that it should not be taken internally because of its extreme toxicity.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42742,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Washed, mashed roots rubbed on body parts with water or mixed with snowbrush for arthritis. The informants cautioned never to use this medicine internally or to let it get near the eyes, mouth or open sores because of its extreme toxicity.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42748,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,267,Tsimshian,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used for arthritis.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42780,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated leaves applied to the joints and body for rheumatism pain and swelling.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
42785,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 80",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated leaves used for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 80"
42919,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,203,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203"
43242,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots and leaves applied to sore and swollen joints.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
43583,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,85,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of warmed, pounded roots applied for arthritic or rheumatic pain.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
43604,4203,Wyethia longicaulis Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,396,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of baked roots applied for rheumatism.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 396"
43613,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,115,Klamath,66,c97,106,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of root used for swellings.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 106"
43734,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,192,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of 'beans' used as a body rub & steam for deer sickness: numb, painful limbs & joints.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 192"
43735,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,192,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of inner bark used as a body rub & steam for deer sickness: numb, painful limbs & joints.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 192"
43736,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,193,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of inner bark used as a body rub and steam for joint swellings.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 193"
44072,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of grated roots used for sprains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
44301,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion used as a wash for swollen joints.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
44335,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,176,d32,133,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded inner bark applied for rheumatism and sharp pains.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 133"
44546,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of eleven plants used as an athletic rub down.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 78"
44563,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of root, sometimes mixed with tobacco, applied for rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44568,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of roasted, mashed bulbs applied to swollen parts or used for rheumatism.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
44570,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of crushed raw or roasted root applied for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44576,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,276,Washo,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of crushed, raw root applied for rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44586,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,321,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed bulbs applied to rheumatism.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 321"
44591,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,27,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed bulbs applied for rheumatism.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 27"
44595,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,37,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Bulbs mashed and used for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
44597,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149150,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of bulb used for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44602,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of roasted, mashed bulbs applied to swollen parts or used for rheumatism.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
44607,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Bulbs mashed and used for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
44619,4252,Zinnia acerosa (DC.) Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,39,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Crushed plant paste mixed with salt and used on swellings or aches.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
44670,4258,Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,11,c49,50,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Thorns used to prick the skin over rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"