id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
375,15,Acacia greggii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pods eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
529,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Sprouted seeds boiled and eaten as green vegetables. The sprouted seeds were generally bitter, but the young shoots were considered to be quite sweet and juicy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
1662,81,Agaricus campestris,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,130,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked on hot rocks or in the oven or fried.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 130"
1663,82,Agaricus silvicola,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,129,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant top cooked on a flat hot rock and eaten.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 129"
1739,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Central flowering stalks eaten as greens in spring before they emerged.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
1740,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Crowns with leaves removed eaten as greens in winter.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
1741,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flower stalks eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
1742,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flower stalks roasted in ashes and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
1743,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pit baked and used as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
1805,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Stalks boiled, dried and stored to be used as vegetables.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 38"
1913,107,Agoseris retrorsa (Benth.) Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Green leaves boiled and eaten.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
1914,107,Agoseris retrorsa (Benth.) Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Whole plant above the ground boiled, washed in cold water to remove bitterness and fried in grease.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
1967,125,Aletes anisatus (Gray) Theobald & Tseng,101,Isleta,76,j31,40,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked leaves eaten as greens.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40"
1968,125,Aletes anisatus (Gray) Theobald & Tseng,101,Isleta,19,c35,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and used as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47"
2028,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,183,Paiute,98,m53,55,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Onions eaten raw, boiled or baked in a pit.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 55"
2059,138,Allium canadense L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled bulbs fried with grease and greens.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 46"
2060,138,Allium canadense L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulb, consisting of the fleshy bases of the leaves, eaten raw.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
2061,138,Allium canadense L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
2084,140,Allium cepa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,194,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 194"
2101,141,Allium cernuum Roth,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Onions occasionally eaten raw.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47"
2104,141,Allium cernuum Roth,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs and leaves eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
2119,141,Allium cernuum Roth,54,Cree,145,b41,485,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Species used for food.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485"
2122,141,Allium cernuum Roth,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,193,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs cooked and eaten and the tops eaten fresh with meat.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 193"
2128,141,Allium cernuum Roth,101,Isleta,76,j31,20,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs eaten fresh, uncooked or boiled.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
2130,141,Allium cernuum Roth,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs used for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
2144,141,Allium cernuum Roth,157,Navajo,121,l86,29,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs cooked with other vegetables.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 29"
2145,141,Allium cernuum Roth,157,Navajo,121,l86,29,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roasted bulbs eaten with salt and pepper.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 29"
2150,141,Allium cernuum Roth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Used in the spring as an article of food, the small wild onion was sweet.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
2152,141,Allium cernuum Roth,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs pit cooked and eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38"
2171,142,Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs eaten raw.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
2178,143,Allium dichlamydeum Greene,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,86,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens and bulb eaten raw or cooked with potatoes or meats for flavoring.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 86"
2180,144,Allium douglasii Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs dried, pit cooked and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38"
2189,147,Allium geyeri S. Wats.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Onions occasionally eaten raw.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47"
2193,147,Allium geyeri S. Wats.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs dried, pit cooked and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38"
2201,151,Allium macropetalum Rydb.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,221,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Entire plant eaten raw or cooked with meat.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221"
2228,158,Allium schoenoprasum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,28,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves eaten cooked or raw with seal oil, meat and fish.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 28"
2229,158,Allium schoenoprasum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,28,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves fried with meat, fat, other greens, vinegar, salt and pepper and eaten as a hot salad.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 28"
2230,158,Allium schoenoprasum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,28,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used like raw green onions or garlic in a salad.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 28"
2256,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs boiled with meat.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
2260,160,Allium sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used as a principle vegetable food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
2263,160,Allium sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,19,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs eaten fresh.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 19"
2267,160,Allium sp.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tops and roots eaten raw and fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
2269,160,Allium sp.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Onions cooked and eaten.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
2273,160,Allium sp.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,44,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs eaten raw.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44"
2288,163,Allium tricoccum Ait.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs and leaves cooked like poke, with or without eggs.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 47"
2293,163,Allium tricoccum Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulb, consisting of the fleshy bases of the leaves, eaten raw.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
2294,163,Allium tricoccum Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
2297,163,Allium tricoccum Ait.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,104,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Large, wild onion used for food.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 104"
2306,165,Allium validum S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs eaten raw.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 37"
2694,183,Amaranthus acanthochiton Sauer,95,Hopi,19,c35,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
2695,183,Amaranthus acanthochiton Sauer,95,Hopi,37,w39,74,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked with meat and eaten as greens.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74"
2699,184,Amaranthus albus L.,43,Cochiti,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
2707,186,Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.,2,Acoma,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2713,186,Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.,95,Hopi,37,w39,74,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked and eaten as greens.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74"
2718,186,Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.,124,Laguna,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2720,186,Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used as a potherb.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
2724,186,Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.,157,Navajo,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled and eaten like spinach, boiled and fried in lard or canned.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2725,186,Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled and eaten like spinach, boiled and fried in lard or canned.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2726,186,Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.,249,Spanish American,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled and eaten like spinach, boiled and fried in lard or canned.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2730,187,Amaranthus caudatus L.,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,200,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants cooked and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 200"
2733,187,Amaranthus caudatus L.,147,Mohave,125,cb51,200,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants cooked and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 200"
2742,188,Amaranthus cruentus L.,108,Keresan,90,w45,558,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 558"
2746,188,Amaranthus cruentus L.,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
2751,189,Amaranthus fimbriatus (Torr.) Benth. ex S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves eaten as greens or used as potherbs.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 37"
2753,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,2,Acoma,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
2762,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,218,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves of young plants cooked like spinach.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 218"
2763,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, fresh, tender leaves boiled, drained, balled into individual portions and served.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
2766,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender plants used for greens like spinach.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
2769,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,124,Laguna,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
2771,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,200,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants cooked and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 200"
2774,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,147,Mohave,125,cb51,200,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants cooked and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 200"
2781,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled and used for greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
2782,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
2783,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens in mid summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
2785,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves cooked and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 47"
2788,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
2791,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,288,Yuma,125,cb51,200,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants cooked and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 200"
2794,192,Amaranthus powellii S. Wats.,95,Hopi,82,c74,283,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 283"
2796,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,2,Acoma,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2802,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,43,Cochiti,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
2804,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
2805,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,101,Isleta,76,j31,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Fresh, tender, young leaves eaten as greens.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
2809,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender plants used for greens like spinach.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
2812,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,124,Laguna,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2815,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,83,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Combined with mustard, plantain, dock and nettle and used as mixed greens.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 83"
2820,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,157,Navajo,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled and eaten like spinach, boiled and fried in lard or canned.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2821,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled and eaten like spinach.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46"
2826,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves used as spring greens, boiled with meat, boiled alone or boiled and fried with meat or fat.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
2828,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled and eaten like spinach, boiled and fried in lard or canned.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2829,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,249,Spanish American,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled and eaten like spinach, boiled and fried in lard or canned.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2834,194,Amaranthus sp.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,256,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled for greens and sometimes mixed with dried mescal.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256"
2889,202,Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens in the summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
3208,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,45,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Underground fruit cooked like pinto beans or added to cornmeal and hot water.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 45"
3218,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Beans cooked, unusual flavor imparted and eaten.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
3228,230,Amsinckia sp.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled or boiled, strained, refried and eaten as greens. Star mallow, wild heliotrope, fiddlenecks and wild sorrel were dropped entirely from the Pima diet.  The author suspects they were spring starvation season foods.","Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
3231,232,Amsinckia tessellata Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves bruised by rubbing between the hands and eaten with salt.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
3418,257,Angelica archangelica L.,70,"Eskimo, Greenland",171,p53,28,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tender, young leaf stalks and peeled, young flowering stems eaten raw.","Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 28"
3420,258,Angelica arguta Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young stems, with a celery flavor, eaten in May.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
3518,265,Angelica lucida L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,11,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked as a green vegetable or boiled with fish.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 11"
3529,265,Angelica lucida L.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used like celery.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
3566,267,Angelica sp.,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,377,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377"
3580,269,Angelica tomentosa S. Wats.,105,Karok,71,sg52,387,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw as greens.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"
3610,277,Antennaria parvifolia Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,44,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used for greens in foods.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 44"
3686,289,Apios americana Medik.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
3687,289,Apios americana Medik.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots cooked like potatoes.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 46"
3688,289,Apios americana Medik.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,133,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 133"
3695,289,Apios americana Medik.,138,Menominee,51,s23,68,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots cooked with maple sugar and superior to candied yams.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 68"
3697,289,Apios americana Medik.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,259,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Root stocks eaten raw.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 259"
3703,289,Apios americana Medik.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Nuts boiled, peeled and eaten as a vegetable.","Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
3706,289,Apios americana Medik.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Wild potato was appreciated.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 103"
3710,290,Apios tuberosum,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,179,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 179"
3711,291,Apium graveolens L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,39,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used as a potherb.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 39"
3713,291,Apium graveolens L.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,230,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230"
3920,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,159,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Early spring greens boiled and eaten.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159"
3979,311,Arabis lyrata L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,13,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Rosettes of lobed leaves added to tossed salads or cooked and served as a green vegetable.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 13"
4259,327,Arctium lappa L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
4769,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots, tasted like sweet potatoes, used for food.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
4775,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,127,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots eaten raw, boiled or roasted like potatoes.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 127"
6120,432,Asclepias fascicularis Dcne.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,159,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled greens used for food.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159"
6174,441,Asclepias sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Parboiled leaves used as greens from May until June.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
6287,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,140,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tender leaves, young green seed pods, sprouts and tops cooked as greens.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"
6298,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens in spring.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
6299,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tender stems, leaves and immature flower clusters cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
6307,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,256,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Buds cooked with meat or added to cornmeal mush, tastes like okra.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256"
6312,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Fresh flowers and shoot tips, mucilaginous like okra when cooked, used in meat soups.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
6313,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2205,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots and flower buds cooked like spinach.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2205"
6316,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6317,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Inflorescence, before the flower buds opened, and young fruits used as greens.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
6318,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tender shoots boiled and eaten as a vegetable.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
6319,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots used for food like asparagus.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
6321,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6323,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6329,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6391,451,Asparagus officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
6395,451,Asparagus officinalis L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens in spring.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
6397,451,Asparagus officinalis L.,101,Isleta,76,j31,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled, seasoned spears used for food.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
6596,501,Atriplex argentea Nutt.,95,Hopi,37,w39,73,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves cooked and eaten as greens.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 73"
6597,501,Atriplex argentea Nutt.,101,Isleta,19,c35,18,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves boiled and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 18"
6662,504,Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Fr‚m.) S. Wats.,95,Hopi,82,c74,293,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 293"
6663,504,Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Fr‚m.) S. Wats.,95,Hopi,37,w39,73,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves cooked and eaten as greens.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 73"
6699,510,Atriplex obovata Moq.,95,Hopi,82,c74,293,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 293"
6700,510,Atriplex obovata Moq.,95,Hopi,37,w39,73,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves cooked and eaten as greens.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 73"
6707,512,Atriplex powellii S. Wats.,43,Cochiti,19,c35,18,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 18"
6709,512,Atriplex powellii S. Wats.,95,Hopi,37,w39,73,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves cooked and eaten as greens.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 73"
6710,512,Atriplex powellii S. Wats.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,31,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants used for greens.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
6712,512,Atriplex powellii S. Wats.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,18,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 18"
6718,514,Atriplex saccaria S. Wats.,95,Hopi,37,w39,73,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves cooked and eaten as greens.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 73"
6720,516,Atriplex serenana A. Nels.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled, fried in grease and eaten.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 15"
6726,517,Atriplex sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves boiled for greens.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
6739,520,Atriplex wrightii S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Branches eaten as greens in summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
6740,520,Atriplex wrightii S. Wats.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
6741,520,Atriplex wrightii S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,69,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled, strained, fried in grease and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 69"
6894,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,8,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young stems and leaves eaten raw as a salad.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8"
7013,557,Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,17,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Rosettes of dark green shiny leaves cooked as a green vegetable or eaten raw in a mixed salad.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 17"
7015,558,Barbarea verna (P. Mill.) Aschers.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,36,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves parboiled, rinsed, seasoned with grease and salt and cooked until tender as potherbs.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 36"
7016,558,Barbarea verna (P. Mill.) Aschers.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,36,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used in salads.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 36"
7019,559,Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,36,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves parboiled, rinsed, seasoned with grease and salt and cooked until tender as potherbs.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 36"
7020,559,Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,36,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used in salads.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 36"
7394,599,Boletus edulis,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,132,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked on hot stones, baked in the oven or fried.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 132"
7475,617,Brassica napus L.,32,Cherokee,161,w77,253,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled and served with drippings or boiled, fried with other greens and eaten.","Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 253"
7489,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, spring leaves boiled and eaten as greens.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 15"
7492,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,94,Hoh,77,r36,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
7493,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
7494,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,128,Luiseno,24,s08,232,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232"
7503,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,149,Mohegan,97,t72,83,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Combined with pigweed, plantain, dock and nettle and used as mixed greens.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 83"
7506,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,209,Quileute,77,r36,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
7512,619,Brassica oleracea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
7513,619,Brassica oleracea L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Species used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 227"
7514,619,Brassica oleracea L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,328,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 328"
7515,619,Brassica oleracea L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,34,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
7516,619,Brassica oleracea L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Heads used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92"
7520,620,Brassica rapa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 227"
7521,620,Brassica rapa L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,329,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 329"
7522,620,Brassica rapa L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92"
7524,621,Brassica rapa var. rapa,32,Cherokee,161,w77,253,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves cooked with turnip greens, creaseys and sochan and eaten.","Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 253"
7525,621,Brassica rapa var. rapa,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,352,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves eaten as greens in imitation of the first white settlers who first ate them.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352"
7527,622,Brassica sp.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
7570,629,Brodiaea coronaria (Salisb.) Engl.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,27,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked or boiled corms eaten like baked or boiled potatoes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 27"
7571,630,Brodiaea elegans Hoover,289,Yurok,70,b81,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs baked in sand with a fire built over them.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
7649,661,Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav¢n) DC.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,232,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tender plant used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232"
7701,668,Calochortus amabilis Purdy,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,32,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked or boiled bulbs eaten like baked or boiled potatoes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 32"
7729,674,Calochortus leichtlinii Hook. f.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,44,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots and tubers peeled and eaten roasted or raw.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44"
7732,675,Calochortus luteus Dougl. ex Lindl.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,64,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked bulbs eaten like baked potatoes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 64"
7740,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,183,Paiute,98,m53,58,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs eaten raw, boiled or roasted.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 58"
7763,677,Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,44,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots and tubers peeled and eaten roasted or raw.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44"
7774,681,Calochortus tolmiei Hook. & Arn.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,31,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked or boiled bulbs eaten like baked or boiled potatoes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 31"
7779,683,Calochortus vestae Purdy,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,63,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked bulbs eaten like baked potatoes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 63"
7785,685,Caltha palustris L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,152,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds used for food.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152"
7796,685,Caltha palustris L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,130,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and used as greens.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 130"
7801,685,Caltha palustris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
7802,685,Caltha palustris L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
7803,685,Caltha palustris L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,70,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 70"
7837,699,Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,83,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs formerly steam cooked, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten as vegetables.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7839,699,Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.,216,Salish,41,te82,55,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
7841,699,Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,74,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs pit steamed and eaten immediately as the most important vegetable food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74"
7859,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Steamed or boiled bulbs dipped in dogfish oil or whale oil before being eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
7861,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs used for food. Bulbs were dug up with a stick and placed in a pit two feet in diameter.  Leaves of Vitis californica were placed on the bottom, a layer of bulbs and then another layer of Vitis californica leaves.  Finally a layer of dirt was added and a fire built on top.  The mush formed was pure white and eaten by itself.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
7874,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,83,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs formerly steam cooked, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten as vegetables.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7885,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,216,Salish,41,te82,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
7887,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,74,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs pit steamed and eaten immediately as the most important vegetable food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74"
7896,701,Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,88,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used as a principle vegetable food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 88"
7907,702,Camassia sp.,86,Haisla,14,c93,194,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 194"
7920,706,Camissonia claviformis ssp. claviformis,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,94,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94"
7952,722,Cantharellus cibarius,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,128,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked on hot stones or fried with onions.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 128"
7955,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tops cooked alone or with meat and used as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47"
7957,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 51"
7959,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
7975,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves soaked in water overnight and eaten raw or cooked as a green vegetable.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
8019,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves & stems parboiled, rinsed, added to hot grease, salt & water & boiled until soft as potherbs.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 37"
8020,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used in salads.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 37"
8048,732,Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood,138,Menominee,51,s23,65,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots fermented for four or five days to sweeten and cooked with corn.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 65"
8050,732,Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,399,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Favored wild potatoes cooked with corn and deer meat or beans and deer meat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399"
8052,733,Carduus sp.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,228,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used as greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 228"
8551,803,Caulanthus coulteri S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,17,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves gathered in early spring before the flowers appear, boiled, salted, fried in grease & eaten.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 17"
9256,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,31,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots mixed with other greens and eaten.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 31"
9260,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,207,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten as greens in spring.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 207"
9280,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pink stems with leaves boiled and eaten or steamed and served with cream sauce or cheese sauce.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 23"
9281,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Violet stems, with dark purple leaves, used in salads.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 23"
9335,884,Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender greens, properly prepared, used as a good source of vitamin C and pro-vitamin A.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 33"
9336,884,Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flowers eaten raw as a salad.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 25"
9337,884,Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 25"
9338,884,Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub,70,"Eskimo, Greenland",171,p53,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flowers and leaves eaten raw with seal blubber.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 25"
9367,893,Chelone sp.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,55,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and stems parboiled, rinsed and cooked in grease until tender.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 55"
9370,894,Chenopodium album L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves and stems cooked in a small amount of boiling water and eaten.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 21"
9371,894,Chenopodium album L.,10,Apache,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants cooked as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
9377,894,Chenopodium album L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,32,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves mixed with other leaves and used for greens.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 32"
9378,894,Chenopodium album L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,32,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves mixed with other leaves, parboiled and cooked in grease until tender.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 32"
9383,894,Chenopodium album L.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,17,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 17"
9387,894,Chenopodium album L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,64,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems eaten raw or cooked as hot greens with beans.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 64"
9395,894,Chenopodium album L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
9396,894,Chenopodium album L.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,19,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Upper leaves boiled, 'rinsed' in cold water and fried in grease and salt.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 19"
9397,894,Chenopodium album L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used as cooked greens.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 43"
9398,894,Chenopodium album L.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,233,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 233"
9400,894,Chenopodium album L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,346,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves boiled and eaten as greens.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 346"
9403,894,Chenopodium album L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,159,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled greens used for food.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159"
9406,894,Chenopodium album L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,9,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plant used as a potherb.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9"
9410,894,Chenopodium album L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender plants eaten raw, boiled as herbs alone or with other foods.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43"
9416,894,Chenopodium album L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,240,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240"
9417,894,Chenopodium album L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2209,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plant cooked as greens.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2209"
9428,894,Chenopodium album L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,98,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as a relish food for salads and spring greens.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 98"
9429,894,Chenopodium album L.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants cooked as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
9430,894,Chenopodium album L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled with butter, salt and pepper and used for greens.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
9431,894,Chenopodium album L.,249,Spanish American,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants cooked as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
9432,894,Chenopodium album L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,203,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves eaten as greens.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 203"
9433,894,Chenopodium album L.,291,Zuni,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants cooked as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
9466,897,Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,52,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled shoots and leaves eaten as greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52"
9477,898,Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves used in raw salad mixture or cooked like garden spinach.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 23"
9488,899,Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,52,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled shoots and leaves eaten as greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52"
9489,899,Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats.,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,202,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots boiled as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 202"
9493,899,Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats.,95,Hopi,82,c74,300,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked alone as greens or boiled and eaten with a number of other foods.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 300"
9496,899,Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats.,147,Mohave,125,cb51,202,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots boiled as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 202"
9507,901,Chenopodium humile Hook.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,52,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled shoots and leaves eaten as greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52"
9511,902,Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller,95,Hopi,37,w39,73,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves cooked and eaten as greens.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 73"
9516,903,Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats.,10,Apache,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants cooked as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
9523,903,Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants cooked as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
9524,903,Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats.,249,Spanish American,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants cooked as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
9528,903,Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats.,291,Zuni,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants cooked as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
9529,904,Chenopodium murale L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,52,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled shoots and leaves eaten as greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52"
9530,904,Chenopodium murale L.,147,Mohave,125,cb51,202,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots boiled as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 202"
9532,904,Chenopodium murale L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens in the summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
9553,910,Chenopodium sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
9554,910,Chenopodium sp.,108,Keresan,90,w45,560,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 560"
9561,910,Chenopodium sp.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
9562,910,Chenopodium sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens in mid summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
9563,910,Chenopodium sp.,193,Pima,11,c49,70,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled, salted, strained, fried in grease and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 70"
9564,910,Chenopodium sp.,283,Yaqui,11,c49,70,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 70"
9566,910,Chenopodium sp.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,256,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems boiled for greens.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256"
9701,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, spring shoots used as a potherb.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 54"
9945,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,94,Hoh,77,r36,69,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 69"
9947,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,209,Quileute,77,r36,69,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 69"
10018,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Early spring roots eaten raw or cooked with meat.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10019,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, summer stalks eaten like asparagus and greens.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10077,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
10078,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
10117,994,Clarkia purpurea ssp. viminea (Dougl. ex Hook.) H.F. & M.E. Lewis,144,Miwok,100,bg33,137,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds considered one of the most prized vegetable foods.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 137"
10125,1000,Claytonia exigua Torr. & Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,89,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten fresh or boiled as greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 89"
10126,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers boiled and eaten.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
10145,1005,Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 21"
10147,1005,Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,346,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants cooked with salt and pepper and eaten as greens.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 346"
10148,1005,Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,377,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377"
10153,1006,Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,89,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten fresh or boiled as greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 89"
10154,1006,Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,17,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves, picked in the spring before the flowers appear, boiled once and eaten as greens.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 17"
10155,1006,Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata,128,Luiseno,24,s08,232,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens or eaten raw.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232"
10159,1006,Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,49,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49"
10161,1007,Claytonia sibirica L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves added raw to mixed salads or cooked as a green vegetable.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 25"
10178,1009,Claytonia sp.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,89,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used as a principle vegetable food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
10184,1010,Claytonia tuberosa Pallas ex J.A. Schultes,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Basal leaves added to other greens and eaten raw or cooked.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 117"
10185,1010,Claytonia tuberosa Pallas ex J.A. Schultes,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Corms roasted and used for food.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 117"
10186,1010,Claytonia tuberosa Pallas ex J.A. Schultes,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,31,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers boiled and eaten.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 31"
10188,1012,Claytonia virginica L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,84,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Corm cooked and eaten like potatoes.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 84"
10292,1025,Cleome multicaulis DC.,157,Navajo,74,e44,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 51"
10295,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,192,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and whole, young plants used as greens.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 192"
10300,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,95,Hopi,19,c35,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Plants boiled and eaten like spinach. This plant was so important economically that it was listed in songs with corn, pumpkins and cotton, the three main cultivated plants.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 24"
10304,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,101,Isleta,76,j31,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
10306,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,102,Jemez,28,c30,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young and tender plants eaten as greens.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
10308,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and shoots used for food as greens.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37"
10310,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,108,Keresan,90,w45,559,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked as greens.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559"
10323,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,157,Navajo,74,e44,50,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled like spinach.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 50"
10324,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,157,Navajo,74,e44,50,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and rolled into balls and eaten.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 50"
10325,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,157,Navajo,19,c35,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled with a pinch of salt and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 24"
10326,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,157,Navajo,119,steg41,223,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young shoots boiled, rolled into small balls and eaten fresh with or without mutton.","Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223"
10327,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,157,Navajo,119,steg41,223,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten as greens.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223"
10340,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked as greens.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
10343,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,257,Tewa,19,c35,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Plants boiled and eaten like spinach. This plant was so important economically that it was listed in songs with corn, pumpkins and cotton, the three main cultivated plants.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 24"
10424,1038,Cochlearia officinalis L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,27,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw in mixed salads or cooked as greens.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 27"
10478,1049,Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott,90,Hawaiian,183,m03,67,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems cooked and eaten as greens.,"Malo, David, 1903, Hawaiian Antiquities, Honolulu. Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., page 67"
10561,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,325,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 325"
10613,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,144,Miwok,100,bg33,159,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Raw, pulverized leaves and tender tops, flavor similar to onions, used for food.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159"
10718,1078,Coreopsis bigelovii (Gray) Hall,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Raw, bruised leaves eaten boiled or with salt.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 21"
10719,1078,Coreopsis bigelovii (Gray) Hall,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Whole plant eaten fresh or cooked and fried in grease and salt.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 21"
10745,1086,Coriandrum sativum L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as a salad.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66"
11454,1134,Crepis acuminata Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,389,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stems peeled and eaten raw as greens.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389"
11560,1157,Cucumis melo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11561,1157,Cucumis melo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11573,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11574,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11575,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fruit preserved in brine made with salt and sheep sorrel.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11576,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,399,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cucumbers eaten raw and sometimes flavored with maple sap vinegar and powdered maple sugar.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399"
11647,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11648,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11664,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fruit baked and the flesh eaten.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
11678,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11679,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11683,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,136,Maricopa,125,cb51,111,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Pumpkin eaten as a cooked, mushy vegetable.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 111"
11704,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flesh used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
11707,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,44,Cocopa,178,giff33,266,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fresh flesh boiled with rind on and sometimes mixed with maize meal.,"Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 266"
11708,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,44,Cocopa,178,giff33,266,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roasted flesh eaten with fingers.,"Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 266"
11718,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11719,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11720,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed & sweetened or boiled with green beans, butter & salt & eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11726,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,157,Navajo,141,h56,150,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fruit pulp and seeds used for food.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 150"
11816,1181,Cymopterus acaulis var. fendleri (Gray) Goodrich,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,40,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant eaten much as celery.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40"
11819,1181,Cymopterus acaulis var. fendleri (Gray) Goodrich,157,Navajo,119,steg41,221,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves rubbed through hot ash to remove the strong taste and eaten fresh.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221"
11820,1182,Cymopterus bulbosus A. Nels.,2,Acoma,19,c35,39,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten like celery.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39"
11821,1182,Cymopterus bulbosus A. Nels.,43,Cochiti,19,c35,39,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten like celery.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39"
11823,1182,Cymopterus bulbosus A. Nels.,124,Laguna,19,c35,39,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten like celery.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39"
11840,1187,Cymopterus newberryi (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,34,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten as greens with meat.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34"
11878,1197,Cyperus esculentus L.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,78,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tubers on the rootstock eaten raw, baked or boiled like potatoes.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 78"
11902,1204,Cyperus squarrosus L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,41,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41"
12043,1233,Darmera peltata (Torr. ex Benth.) Voss,105,Karok,71,sg52,384,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten raw as green vegetables.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"
12061,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Stalks boiled, dried and stored to be used as vegetables.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 38"
12077,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Crowns with leaves removed and central flowering stalks eaten as greens in May.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
12078,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flower stalks eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
12079,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flower stalks roasted in ashes and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
12249,1245,Daucus carota L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,214,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"
12255,1245,Daucus carota L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,325,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 325"
12261,1245,Daucus carota L.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,100,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Steamed or boiled root used for food.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"
12291,1251,Delphinium hesperium Gray,144,Miwok,100,bg33,159,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves and flowers used for food.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159"
12321,1259,Delphinium sp.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,159,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, boiled greens used for food.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159"
12330,1265,Dentinum repandum,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,130,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Baked on hot stones, in the oven or fried.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 130"
12343,1270,Descurainia obtusa (Greene) O.E. Schulz,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,187,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"
12344,1270,Descurainia obtusa (Greene) O.E. Schulz,95,Hopi,82,c74,309,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used as greens.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 309"
12347,1271,Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as potherbs.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 66"
12350,1271,Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.,95,Hopi,184,n43,19,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Greens pit baked, cooled and served in salted water with corn dumplings, boiled bread or piki bread.","Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 19"
12351,1271,Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,310,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant cooked alone as greens.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 310"
12371,1272,Descurainia pinnata ssp. halictorum (Cockerell) Detling,207,Pueblo,19,c35,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled with a pinch of salt and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 25"
12376,1273,Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata,95,Hopi,37,w39,77,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten as greens in the spring.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 77"
12377,1273,Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata,95,Hopi,82,c74,310,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Plant, salty in flavor, eaten as greens in the spring.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 310"
12406,1274,Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl,207,Pueblo,19,c35,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled with a pinch of salt and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 25"
12480,1292,Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked or boiled corms eaten like baked or boiled potatoes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 26"
12555,1307,Dioscorea sp.,90,Hawaiian,183,m03,67,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers baked or roasted and eaten.,"Malo, David, 1903, Hawaiian Antiquities, Honolulu. Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., page 67"
12697,1336,Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,29,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, curled fronds boiled or steamed & eaten like asparagus with butter, margarine or cream sauce.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 29"
12720,1342,Dryopteris sp.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,312,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Rhizomes and stipe bases used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 312"
12724,1343,Dudleya lanceolata (Nutt.) Britt. & Rose,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,377,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw as greens.,"Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377"
12731,1346,Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tops cooked alone or with meat and used as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47"
12906,1363,Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm.,101,Isleta,76,j31,27,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pulp baked with sugar and used to make a sweet pickle.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12907,1363,Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm.,101,Isleta,76,j31,27,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Sliced pulp baked like squash and used for food.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
13301,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,28,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tender, young, vegetative shoots peeled and eaten raw. These shoots are green but have not yet branched out, and the segments are still very close together.  The leaf sheaths were peeled off two at a time and the succulent stems eaten raw.  They were 'nothing but juice.'  The Hesquiat people travelled up towards Esteven Point especially to get these shoots, and sometimes they would collect 20 or more kilograms of them at a time.  When they returned home, the harvesters would call together all their relatives and friends and have a feast of horsetail shoots.  The white, fertile shoots were apparently not eaten, although they are in other areas of the Northwest Coast.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"
13549,1435,Eremalche exilis (Gray) Greene,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled or boiled, strained, refried and eaten as greens. Star mallow, wild heliotrope, fiddlenecks and wild sorrel were dropped entirely from the Pima diet.  The author suspects they were spring starvation season foods.","Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
14043,1512,Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,216,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled for five to ten minutes and eaten.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 216"
14044,1512,Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, fresh, tender leaves boiled, drained, balled into individual portions and served.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
14090,1520,Eriogonum nudum Dougl. ex Benth.,105,Karok,71,sg52,383,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Sour tasting, young stems eaten raw as greens.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 383"
14095,1520,Eriogonum nudum Dougl. ex Benth.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,159,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Raw greens, sour flavor, used for food.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159"
14098,1521,Eriogonum nudum var. oblongifolium S. Wats.,105,Karok,71,sg52,383,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Sour tasting, young stems eaten raw as greens.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 383"
14214,1547,Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'H‚r. ex Ait.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves picked early in the spring before the flowers appeared and cooked as greens.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 21"
14226,1548,Erodium sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,72,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten fresh or cooked.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 72"
14227,1548,Erodium sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,72,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used as a potherb.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 72"
14376,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,232,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232"
14386,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,351,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 351"
14387,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,377,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled or roasted, laid in water and eaten as greens.","Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377"
14629,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,108,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 108"
14741,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pulp eaten as greens in May.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
15364,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,55,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled bulbs eaten with oil.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
16079,1759,Glyptopleura marginata D.C. Eat.,183,Paiute,111,m90,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Raw leaves eaten as greens.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 23"
16080,1759,Glyptopleura marginata D.C. Eat.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,49,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems eaten raw.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49"
16194,1778,Grindelia robusta Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,389,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw as greens.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389"
16501,1809,Hedysarum alpinum L.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,30,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers located in mice 'caches' by specially trained dogs and eaten.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 30"
16503,1809,Hedysarum alpinum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,115,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots, always with some kind of oil, eaten raw or cooked.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115"
16507,1809,Hedysarum alpinum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots dipped in or mixed with grease and eaten.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14"
16508,1809,Hedysarum alpinum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots eaten raw, roasted over a fire, fried or boiled.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14"
16512,1810,Hedysarum boreale Nutt.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",205,p37,1,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots located in mice 'caches' by dogs and eaten.,"Porsild, A.E., 1937, Edible Roots and Berries of Northern Canada, Canada Department of Mines and Resources, National Museum of Canada, page 1"
16520,1812,Hedysarum sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fleshy roots used the same as potatoes.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
16692,1835,Helianthus tuberosus L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,34,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Root used as a vegetable food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 34"
16791,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plant stems peeled and eaten like celery.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
16798,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,25,California Indian,73,b05,13,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, raw shoots eaten like celery.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13"
16832,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,94,Hoh,77,r36,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten raw as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"
16843,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,326,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young stems and petioles eaten as a spring vegetable.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 326"
16861,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,373,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tender leaf and flower stalks eaten as green food in spring and early summer.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 373"
16869,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,265,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes cooked like the rutabaga.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 265"
16874,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,13,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, raw shoots eaten like celery.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13"
16880,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
16885,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,62,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flower stalks and leaf stems peeled and eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
16911,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,209,Quileute,77,r36,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten raw as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"
16950,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peeled shoots eaten as vegetables with meat or fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16951,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Peeled, raw or cooked leaf stalks and flower stalks used for food. The stalks were ready to use around May and June, but after a while, they became tough, dry or sticky and were no longer good to eat.  The raw stalks would cause a burning like pepper if eaten in too great a quantity;  it was better to eat cooked stalks.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16966,1854,Hericium coralloides,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,129,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Baked on hot stones, in the oven or fried.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 129"
17083,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,159,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled or steamed leaves eaten in spring.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159"
17277,1897,Hippuris tetraphylla L. f.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Small, young leaves eaten as greens.","Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
17285,1899,Hirschfeldia incana (L.) LagrŠze-Fossat,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten fresh or boiled.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 47"
17291,1900,Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert,193,Pima,11,c49,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers boiled and eaten like potatoes.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 92"
17307,1902,Hoita orbicularis (Lindl.) Rydb.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,231,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231"
17387,1906,Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw or mixed with other greens.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 15"
17388,1906,Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves mixed with other greens and made into a kraut.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 15"
17389,1906,Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,29,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young stems and leaves pickled as 'sauerkraut' or eaten as a potherb.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 29"
17390,1906,Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,42,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Sour leaves and shoots eaten with seal oil and sugar.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 42"
17494,1926,Hydrangea arborescens L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peeled branches and twigs cooked in grease like green beans.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 54"
17525,1930,Hydrocotyle sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,79,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 79"
17542,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young plants or leaves cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
17545,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,68,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves wilted in maple sap vinegar, simmered and boiled in fresh water with pork and fine meal.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 68"
17849,1987,Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
17851,1987,Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.,228,Seminole,88,s54,465,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 465"
17884,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
17913,1994,Ipomoea sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,35,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 35"
19380,2084,Lactuca canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
19389,2086,Lactuca sativa L.,2,Acoma,19,c35,32,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender plants eaten as greens.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32"
19391,2086,Lactuca sativa L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender plants used as lettuce.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
19392,2086,Lactuca sativa L.,124,Laguna,19,c35,32,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender plants eaten as greens.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32"
19438,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Gourds eaten young, before the rind had hardened.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
19700,2107,Lathyrus graminifolius (S. Wats.) White,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tender plant eaten as greens in the spring.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
19704,2108,Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens in spring.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
19705,2108,Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi,133,Makah,3,g83,281,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Immature seeds eaten as peas.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281"
19708,2109,Lathyrus jepsonii ssp. californicus (S. Wats.) C.L. Hitchc.,285,Yokia,89,c02,357,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked and eaten as greens when three inches high.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 357"
19715,2112,Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peas used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
19716,2112,Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots used as a sort of Indian potato and stored in deep garden pits, like regular potatoes.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
19721,2113,Lathyrus palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peas used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
19724,2114,Lathyrus polymorphus ssp. polymorphus var. polymorphus,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peas used for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
19739,2117,Lathyrus vestitus Nutt.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,159,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens used for food.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159"
19933,2138,Lepidium nitidum Nutt.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant tops and flowers boiled and eaten as greens.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 23"
19935,2138,Lepidium nitidum Nutt.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,232,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232"
19936,2139,Lepidium sp.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tender plant and roots eaten as potherbs.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 37"
19946,2142,Lepidium virginicum var. menziesii (DC.) C.L. Hitchc.,94,Hoh,77,r36,62,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62"
19948,2142,Lepidium virginicum var. menziesii (DC.) C.L. Hitchc.,209,Quileute,77,r36,62,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62"
20019,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,88,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used as a principle vegetable food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 88"
20050,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled like spinach and eaten.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
20198,2176,Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,58,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and stalks boiled, rinsed and fried with grease and salt until soft as a potherb.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 58"
20199,2176,Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
20230,2179,Ligusticum grayi Coult. & Rose,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,139,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tender leaves soaked in water, cooked and used for food.","Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139"
20241,2181,Ligusticum scoticum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,13,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves stored in oil or cooked and eaten with dried meat or boiled fish.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 13"
20242,2181,Ligusticum scoticum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,13,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens in salads.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 13"
20247,2182,Ligusticum scoticum ssp. hultenii (Fern.) Calder & Taylor,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stalks used as a cooked vegetable.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 37"
20249,2182,Ligusticum scoticum ssp. hultenii (Fern.) Calder & Taylor,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves and stems eaten raw or cooked and often mixed with other wild greens.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37"
20308,2188,Lilium philadelphicum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,262,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Straight roots gathered for potatoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 262"
20735,2232,Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Spring leaves eaten raw as greens.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 37"
20844,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Long, young shoots cooked in the spring for greens.","Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
20982,2245,Lomatium nevadense var. parishii (Coult. & Rose) Jepson,183,Paiute,98,m53,95,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peeled roots eaten fresh like radishes.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 95"
21007,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,176,Okanagon,55,p52,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks used like celery.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
21008,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,183,Paiute,98,m53,96,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stem eaten raw like celery.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 96"
21032,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw or cooked as a potherb.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21033,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks used like celery.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
21049,2250,Lomatium simplex (Nutt.) J.F. Macbr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Fusiform root eaten baked, roasted or raw.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15"
21067,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Fusiform root eaten baked, roasted or raw.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15"
21077,2255,Lomatium utriculatum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves, sometimes with flowers, cooked, fried in grease and salt and eaten.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 38"
21275,2277,Lotus strigosus (Nutt.) Greene,128,Luiseno,24,s08,231,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231"
21301,2283,Lupinus affinis J.G. Agardh,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,357,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves formerly roasted and eaten as greens.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 357"
21329,2294,Lupinus luteolus Kellogg,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,358,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant tops eaten as greens.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 358"
21372,2306,Lupinus sp.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,231,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231"
21382,2306,Lupinus sp.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,257,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves used for greens.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257"
21383,2306,Lupinus sp.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,88,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants roasted and eaten as greens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88"
21548,2332,Lygodesmia grandiflora (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,48,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used for greens in foods.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48"
22116,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,407,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots soaked in lye water, parboiled to get rid of the lye and cooked like potatoes.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
22140,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots cooked and eaten like asparagus.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22995,2475,Mimulus glabratus var. jamesii (Torr. & Gray ex Benth.) Gray,101,Isleta,76,j31,35,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Salted, tender, young leaves used for salad.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
22996,2475,Mimulus glabratus var. jamesii (Torr. & Gray ex Benth.) Gray,101,Isleta,19,c35,34,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tender shoots slit and eaten as a salad.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 34"
23003,2476,Mimulus guttatus DC.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,160,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves used for food.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160"
23006,2477,Mimulus moschatus Dougl. ex Lindl.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,160,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled, young plant used for food.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160"
23010,2480,Mimulus tilingii var. caespitosus (Greene) A.L. Grant,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,377,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377"
23078,2491,Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used for greens in foods.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"
23417,2519,Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) Greene,193,Pima,11,c49,70,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled until tender, salted, fried in lard or fat and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 70"
23418,2519,Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) Greene,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled or boiled, strained, refried and eaten as greens.","Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
23454,2526,Moricandia arvensis (L.) DC.,94,Hoh,77,r36,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
23458,2526,Moricandia arvensis (L.) DC.,209,Quileute,77,r36,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
23610,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots boiled and eaten as vegetables.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
24002,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Stalks boiled, dried and stored to be used as vegetables.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 38"
24065,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,138,Menominee,51,s23,69,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Rhizomes cooked in the same manner as rutabagas.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 69"
24082,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,145,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Rootstocks boiled or roasted and eaten as a vegetable.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 145"
24169,2600,Nymphaea sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,27,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers stewed or prepared like potatoes.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 27"
24272,2614,Oenothera biennis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
24273,2614,Oenothera biennis L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,49,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots boiled like potatoes.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 49"
24318,2622,Oenothera fruticosa L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,49,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves parboiled, rinsed and cooked in hot grease as a potherb.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 49"
24394,2634,Onoclea sensibilis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
24584,2646,Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,95,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Joints boiled and mixed with other foods or eaten as greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95"
24607,2652,Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Buds eaten as greens in May.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
24624,2653,Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves with thorns scraped off sliced in strips and eaten as greens in summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
24636,2654,Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,27,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Pads boiled like cabbage or string beans with tomatoes, onions and peppers, like a stew.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 27"
24667,2660,Opuntia fulgida Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots and buds eaten as greens in summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
24703,2662,Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten as greens in summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
24853,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Joints pit baked and used as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
24854,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Joints roasted in ashes and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
24870,2673,Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Coult.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots and buds eaten as greens in summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
24946,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young tops eaten raw as greens.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
24950,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,160,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves used for food.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160"
25141,2706,Oxalis corniculata L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Eaten raw, sometimes with salt.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
25167,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,49,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 49"
25233,2715,Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,65,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves eaten raw, with seal oil, cooked or fermented.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 65"
25234,2715,Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,17,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Acid-tasting leaves used as a salad.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17"
25247,2719,Oxytropis maydelliana Trautv.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,122,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots, always with some kind of oil, eaten raw or cooked.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 122"
25336,2731,Paeonia californica Nutt.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,28,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Buds cooked as vegetables.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 28"
25337,2731,Paeonia californica Nutt.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,28,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves cooked as greens. Young leaves were picked before the blossoms appeared in the spring.  They were prepared by boiling, placing the boiled leaves in a cloth sack and weighting the sack down in the river with a stone, allowing the water to flow through the greens overnight to remove the bitterness in them.  Alternatively, the boiled leaves could be soaked in a pan and the water changed until the bitterness was removed.  The leaves were then cooked as greens, with onions and eaten as a vegetable with acorn mush.  The greens could also be prepared by boiling them twice, rather than letting them wash in the river.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 28"
25508,2748,Parmelia physodes (L.) Ack.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Vegetable soup material cooked into a soup, swelled and afforded a pleasant flavor.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
25582,2763,Passiflora incarnata L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,50,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves parboiled, rinsed and cooked in hot grease with salt as a potherb.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 50"
25642,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked leaves and stems used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 54"
25649,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
25675,2775,Pedicularis kanei ssp. kanei,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flowering stems boiled and eaten as a potherb.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23"
25678,2775,Pedicularis kanei ssp. kanei,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,56,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Fermented young flower tops eaten with oil and sugar, like sauerkraut.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 56"
25679,2776,Pedicularis lanceolata Michx.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
25739,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,20,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots, similar to yams, roasted in ashes.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20"
25801,2794,Peniocereus greggii var. greggii,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Shoots eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
25802,2794,Peniocereus greggii var. greggii,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
25957,2826,Penthorum sedoides L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,50,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as a potherb.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 50"
26030,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten raw or boiled as a vegetable.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26041,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,9,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots boiled like potatoes.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9"
26047,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,200,Pomo,96,b52,89,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fresh tops eaten as greens.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 89"
26068,2835,Perideridia pringlei (Coult. & Rose) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peeled roots boiled like potatoes and eaten.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47"
26170,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,41,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves mixed with other greens.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 41"
26173,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,716,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716"
26178,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves & flowering stems eaten raw as salad, cooked as a potherb or made into a 'sauerkraut.'","Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 26"
26251,2851,Peziza aurantia,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,131,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked on hot stones, coals or eaten fresh.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 131"
26262,2855,Phacelia distans Benth.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,48,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves steam cooked and eaten as greens.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48"
26264,2856,Phacelia dubia (L.) Trel.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
26267,2858,Phacelia heterophylla Pursh,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,39,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used for greens in foods.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 39"
26275,2862,Phacelia ramosissima Dougl. ex Lehm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,48,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves steam cooked and eaten as greens.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48"
26276,2862,Phacelia ramosissima Dougl. ex Lehm.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,230,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230"
26278,2863,Phacelia sp.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled or boiled, strained, refried and eaten as greens. Star mallow, wild heliotrope, fiddlenecks and wild sorrel were dropped entirely from the Pima diet.  The author suspects they were spring starvation season foods.","Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
26285,2867,Phaseolus acutifolius Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Beans cooked with fresh corn, cooked in hot ashes under a fire or boiled.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26290,2867,Phaseolus acutifolius Gray,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cultivated beans used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
26305,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seed pods cooked and eaten whole or cooked with butter, squash or meat.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26306,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seeds boiled or fried in bear or sunflower oil, seasoned and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26307,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds cooked 'like potatoes' and mashed or pounded.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26311,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
26313,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Beans cooked with fresh corn, cooked in hot ashes under a fire or boiled.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26322,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seed pods cooked and eaten whole or cooked with butter, squash or meat.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26323,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seeds boiled or fried in bear or sunflower oil, seasoned and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26324,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds cooked 'like potatoes' and mashed or pounded.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26328,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"The Ojibwe claim to have originally had the lima bean, but that is doubtful.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
26332,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,169,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans used for food.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 169"
26333,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,159,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159"
26336,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
26339,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Beans cooked with fresh corn, cooked in hot ashes under a fire or boiled.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26348,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seed pods cooked and eaten whole or cooked with butter, squash or meat.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26349,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seeds boiled or fried in bear or sunflower oil, seasoned and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26350,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds cooked 'like potatoes' and mashed or pounded.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26355,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,221,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans formed a large part of the vegetable diet.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221"
26359,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Original source of all best commercial pole beans, used alone or in many peculiar combinations.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
26360,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Similar to the white man's Navy bean.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
26364,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,104,1,Food,31,Vegetable,A great number of varieties of beans were used.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 104"
26365,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cultivated beans used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
26367,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Beans boiled & fried or crushed, boiled beans mixed with mush, baked in corn husks & used for food.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
26368,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled and fried beans used for food.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
26477,2888,Phlox stansburyi (Torr.) Heller,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten as greens with meat or as an emergency food.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 38"
26810,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Peeled stalks cut lengthwise, parboiled, dipped in egg, rolled in cornmeal and fried like fish.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 51"
26811,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Shoots, leaves and stems parboiled, rinsed and cooked alone or mixed with other greens and eggs.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 51"
26834,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens in spring.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
28317,2982,Piperia elegans (Lindl.) Rydb.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,62,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked bulbs eaten like baked potatoes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 62"
28321,2984,Piperia unalascensis (Spreng.) Rydb.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,62,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked bulbs eaten like baked potatoes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 62"
28327,2987,Pisum sativum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peas used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
28328,2987,Pisum sativum L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,34,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used as a garden vegetable.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
28345,2993,Plagiobothrys nothofulvus (Gray) Gray,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,85,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves eaten as greens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 85"
28386,3000,Plantago macrocarpa Cham. & Schlecht.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves used raw in salads or cooked as spinach.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 43"
28410,3001,Plantago major L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,52,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cut leaves and stems cooked with fatback.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 52"
28411,3001,Plantago major L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28446,3001,Plantago major L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,83,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Combined with pigweed, mustard, dock and nettle and used as mixed greens.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 83"
28606,3019,Platystemon californicus Benth.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,351,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Green leaves eaten as greens.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 351"
28626,3023,Pleurotus ostreatus,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,131,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked on hot stones, baked in the oven or fried.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 131"
28724,3035,Polanisia dodecandra ssp. trachysperma (Torr. & Gray) Iltis,207,Pueblo,19,c35,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled with a pinch of salt and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 25"
28820,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
28821,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Stems and leaves parboiled, rinsed, fried with grease and salt until soft and eaten as a potherb.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 47"
28844,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young stems cut into small pieces and used in the same manner as domesticated rhubarb.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 47"
28845,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves mixed with other greens and cooked in boiling water.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 47"
28855,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,45,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fresh stalks eaten raw with seal oil and meat or fish.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 45"
28856,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,45,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled and eaten as hot greens.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 45"
28857,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,45,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Raw stalks eaten with peanut butter or cut up in a salad.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 45"
28863,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Stems and leaves boiled with sugar and flour or in whitefish broth, grease and sugar and eaten.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15"
28864,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stems and leaves eaten raw.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15"
28907,3058,Polygonum bistorta L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,19,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves preserved in seal oil and eaten with any meat or eaten raw in salads.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 19"
28911,3059,Polygonum bistorta var. plumosum (Small) Boivin,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,49,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves mixed with other greens, cooked and eaten.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 49"
28920,3062,Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,53,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked leaves used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 53"
28990,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,30,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Long, slender rhizomes eaten raw as a food and to sweeten the mouth.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30"
29761,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,2,Acoma,19,c35,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants cooked with meat and eaten like spinach.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 43"
29772,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
29773,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,101,Isleta,19,c35,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Plants oven dried, stored and used as greens during the winter.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 43"
29778,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,62,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant cooked with meat as greens.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
29779,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,124,Laguna,19,c35,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants cooked with meat and eaten like spinach.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 43"
29780,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,232,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232"
29790,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled as greens with meat.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
29795,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,222,San Felipe,19,c35,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants used as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 43"
29797,3117,Portulaca sp.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
29880,3140,Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as cooked salad.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
29882,3141,Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Fern.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as cooked salad.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
29932,3152,Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pounded beans and pods used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29958,3153,Prosopis glandulosa Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,63,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans eaten raw for the sweet taste or cooked like string beans.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
29960,3153,Prosopis glandulosa Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pounded beans and pods used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29982,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pounded beans and pods used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29983,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pounded beans and pods used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29984,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pounded beans and pods used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29992,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,147,Mohave,196,s65,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans eaten raw or roasted.,"Stewart, Kenneth M., 1965, Mohave Indian Gathering of Wild Plants, Kiva 31(1):46-53, page 46"
30073,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,147,Mohave,196,s65,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bean pods used for food.,"Stewart, Kenneth M., 1965, Mohave Indian Gathering of Wild Plants, Kiva 31(1):46-53, page 46"
30181,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
30182,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,32,Cherokee,161,w77,253,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves cooked with sochan, creaseys and other potherbs and eaten.","Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 253"
30183,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,44,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Small leaves used as a potherb.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 44"
31074,3189,Pseudocymopterus montanus (Gray) Coult. & Rose,95,Hopi,82,c74,352,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 352"
31453,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,32,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Long, mashed rhizomes eaten boiled or steamed.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32"
31480,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Long, thick rhizomes formerly steamed, dried and used as a vegetable food in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
32281,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Acorns boiled, split open and eaten like a vegetable.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
32631,3299,Ranunculus abortivus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
32652,3300,Ranunculus acris L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
32709,3315,Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
32828,3336,Rhodiola rosea L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,67,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and succulent, fleshy stems used raw in mixed salads or cooked as a green vegetable.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 67"
32829,3336,Rhodiola rosea L.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,28,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves & flowering stems eaten raw as salad, cooked as a potherb or made into a 'sauerkraut.'","Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 28"
32833,3336,Rhodiola rosea L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Fermented stems, leaves and young flower buds eaten with walrus blubber, any kind of blubber or oil. Stems, leaves and young flower buds were preserved by fermenting in water.  A barrel was filled with clean, unchopped roseroot plants which were covered with water.  Plants were pressed under the water with a plate and stored in a medium warm to cool place to ferment.  If it was too cold, the roseroot wouldn't ferment.  If it was too warm, it might spoil first.  In two to three weeks, or, when the plants were squashed together, the lids were taken off and another batch of roseroot was added and covered again.  More water was added, when necessary, to cover the plants.  Roseroot was continuously added and let to ferment down until the barrel was full.  When the taste was just right, the batches were taken out and put into plastic bags, plants and juice together and frozen.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 54"
33803,3405,Robinia neomexicana Gray,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,42,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Raw pods eaten as food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 42"
33808,3405,Robinia neomexicana Gray,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans and pods used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
33832,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,86,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used as a salad plant.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 86"
33833,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Eaten fresh in the spring, cooked like spinach or mixed with less flavorful greens into a salad.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
33834,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled and eaten with bacon grease as potherbs.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 37"
33835,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten cooked or raw as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
33836,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used in salads.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 37"
33840,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled and eaten as greens.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 37"
33843,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Eaten raw, sometimes with salt.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
33846,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,128,Luiseno,24,s08,232,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232"
33852,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw as salad greens.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92"
33854,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems boiled as greens.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 16"
34920,3469,Rubus sp.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,57,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Shoots used in salads and as potherbs.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 57"
35151,3478,Rudbeckia laciniata L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,34,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and stems cooked alone or with poke, eggs, dock, cornfield creasy or any other greens.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 34"
35152,3478,Rudbeckia laciniata L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,34,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and stems parboiled, rinsed and boiled in hot grease until soft.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 34"
35153,3478,Rudbeckia laciniata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as cooked spring salad to keep well.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
35158,3478,Rudbeckia laciniata L.,222,San Felipe,19,c35,50,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young stems eaten like celery.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 50"
35160,3479,Rumex acetosa L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,53,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 53"
35168,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,53,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 53"
35173,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Eaten raw, sometimes with salt.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
35174,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,160,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Moistened, pulverized leaves eaten with salt, tasted sour like vinegar.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160"
35176,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 113"
35177,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,85,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Acid-tasting leaves eaten like lettuce.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 85"
35191,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,207,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves mashed, cooked, mixed with grease and eaten like spinach.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 207"
35193,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems eaten with oolichan grease and sugar.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35201,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,340,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 340"
35206,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,22,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Spring leaves used for 'greens.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35209,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems eaten raw or boiled with sugar.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15"
35211,3483,Rumex arcticus Trautv.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,55,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as salad greens and cooked as vegetables.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 55"
35216,3483,Rumex arcticus Trautv.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves from young stems eaten raw as a salad or cooked like spinach.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 26"
35221,3483,Rumex arcticus Trautv.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,35,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves eaten raw in a salad or boiled and eaten hot with seal oil, blubber or butter.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 35"
35225,3483,Rumex arcticus Trautv.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems eaten raw or boiled with sugar.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15"
35229,3484,Rumex conglomeratus Murr.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,160,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked leaves eaten as greens.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160"
35239,3485,Rumex crispus L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,53,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and stems mixed with other greens, parboiled, rinsed and cooked in hot grease as a potherb.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 53"
35240,3485,Rumex crispus L.,32,Cherokee,161,w77,253,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves cooked with sochan, creaseys and other greens and eaten.","Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 253"
35254,3485,Rumex crispus L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
35260,3485,Rumex crispus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,217,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled and eaten.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 217"
35261,3485,Rumex crispus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, fresh, tender leaves boiled, drained, balled into individual portions and served.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
35283,3485,Rumex crispus L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens in spring.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
35284,3485,Rumex crispus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves, before the stem appeared, cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
35286,3485,Rumex crispus L.,101,Isleta,76,j31,42,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
35290,3485,Rumex crispus L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,345,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens in food.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 345"
35295,3485,Rumex crispus L.,147,Mohave,125,cb51,201,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 201"
35298,3485,Rumex crispus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,83,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Combined with pigweed, mustard, plantain and nettle and used as mixed greens.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 83"
35300,3485,Rumex crispus L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,22,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Spring leaves used for 'greens.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35330,3485,Rumex crispus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
35363,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,134,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Crisp, juicy stalks eaten as greens.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134"
35386,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stems baked and eaten.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43"
35399,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
35400,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens in spring.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
35401,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roasted in ashes and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
35419,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, succulent leaves boiled or roasted and eaten as greens in spring.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
35447,3492,Rumex paucifolius Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,22,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Herbage eaten raw.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35461,3494,Rumex salicifolius Weinm.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,22,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Spring leaves used for 'greens.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35466,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,43,Cochiti,19,c35,50,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 50"
35489,3495,Rumex sp.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled or boiled, strained, refried and eaten as greens. Star mallow, wild heliotrope, fiddlenecks and wild sorrel were dropped entirely from the Pima diet.  The author suspects they were spring starvation season foods.","Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
35595,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs boiled and eaten as vegetables.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
35600,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,95,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Potatoes, deer meat and maple sugar made a very tasty dish.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 95"
36031,3545,Salix pulchra Cham.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots and catkins used fresh or in seal oil.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
36038,3545,Salix pulchra Cham.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens in fresh salads.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10"
36353,3554,Salsola tragus L.,157,Navajo,121,l86,27,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Very young, raw sprouts chopped into salads.","Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 27"
37063,3573,Sanicula bipinnata Hook. & Arn.,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
37100,3580,Sanicula sp.,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,377,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377"
37156,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young twigs used for greens.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
37174,3587,Sarcocornia pacifica (Standl.) A.J. Scott,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,57,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants used in salads or for pickles.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 57"
37329,3593,Saxifraga micranthidifolia (Haw.) Steud.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used in salads or wilted in boiling water with bacon grease dripped on the top.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 54"
37336,3594,Saxifraga nelsoniana ssp. nelsoniana,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,29,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw with seal blubber or as 'sauerkraut.',"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 29"
37337,3594,Saxifraga nelsoniana ssp. nelsoniana,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves preserved in seal oil and eaten with fish or meat or used fresh in salads.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 21"
37339,3595,Saxifraga pensylvanica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
37347,3596,Saxifraga spicata D. Don,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,65,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves used as a salad green.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 65"
37416,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,200,Pomo,96,b52,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots eaten as greens.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92"
37417,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,200,Pomo,96,b52,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten as greens.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92"
37473,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,96,b52,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots eaten as greens.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92"
37474,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,96,b52,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten as greens.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92"
37574,3620,Scrophularia sp.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,258,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves used for greens.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258"
37655,3641,Senecio congestus (R. Br.) DC.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,27,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves & flowering stems eaten raw as salad, cooked as a potherb or made into a 'sauerkraut.'","Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 27"
37953,3665,Sidalcea malviflora (DC.) Gray ex Benth.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,231,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used as greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231"
38073,3689,Sinapis alba L.,94,Hoh,77,r36,62,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62"
38077,3689,Sinapis alba L.,209,Quileute,77,r36,62,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62"
38083,3692,Sisymbrium irio L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,140,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Immature leaves boiled or fried and used for greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 140"
38093,3693,Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as salad greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
38106,3695,Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,161,w77,252,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Mixed into other greens and eaten.,"Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 252"
38257,3718,Solanum douglasii Dunal,128,Luiseno,24,s08,229,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 229"
38289,3721,Solanum fendleri Gray ex Torr.,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes eaten raw or cooked with clay to counteract the astringency.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
38291,3722,Solanum jamesii Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,42,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Unpeeled potatoes boiled and eaten.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 42"
38295,3722,Solanum jamesii Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Small tubers cooked as potatoes.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
38296,3722,Solanum jamesii Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,70,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Small tubers used for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 70"
38298,3722,Solanum jamesii Torr.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,221,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes mixed with white clay to remove the astringent effect on the mouth and eaten like mush.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221"
38299,3722,Solanum jamesii Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,75,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tubers eaten raw, boiled or baked.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 75"
38300,3722,Solanum jamesii Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potato boiled with clay.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43"
38302,3722,Solanum jamesii Torr.,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes eaten raw or cooked with clay to counteract the astringency.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
38303,3722,Solanum jamesii Torr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,73,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 73"
38308,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,32,Cherokee,105,w47,74,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used as the most relished potherb.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74"
38309,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves used as a potherb.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
38347,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,171,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 171"
38350,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
38351,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,293,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 293"
38354,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,350,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 350"
38355,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,133,Makah,3,g83,314,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes dipped in oil and eaten with smoked fish.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 314"
38356,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,72,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Deep purple potatoes used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 72"
38357,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,264,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264"
38361,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potato cultivated and always firm and crisp when cooked.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
38363,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
38365,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,466,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 466"
38366,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cultivated potatoes used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
38501,3754,Sonchus asper (L.) Hill,128,Luiseno,24,s08,228,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 228"
38507,3754,Sonchus asper (L.) Hill,193,Pima,11,c49,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tender leaves cooked as greens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38514,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,103,Kamia,180,g31,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves used for food as greens.,"Gifford, E. W., 1931, The Kamia of Imperial Valley, Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, page 24"
38519,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,283,Yaqui,11,c49,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tender, young leaves boiled in salted water with chile and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38830,3817,Stanleya albescens M.E. Jones,95,Hopi,37,w39,77,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten as greens in the spring.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 77"
38832,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,220,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled two or three times to remove poisons and eaten.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 220"
38833,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, fresh, tender leaves boiled, drained, balled into individual portions and served.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
38834,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,366,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled plant used for greens in the spring.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 366"
38835,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,95,Hopi,37,w39,77,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten as greens in the spring.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 77"
38836,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,65,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves & stems boiled, squeezed out in cold water to remove the bitterness, fried in grease & eaten.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 65"
38846,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,257,Tewa,82,c74,366,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled plant used for greens in the spring.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 366"
38956,3838,Streptanthus cordatus Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Used for greens in foods.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 25"
38958,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,69,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender shoots used in salads.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 69"
38959,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
38982,3840,Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,48,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stalks mixed with wanegedum (Angelico) and sweet salad and cooked as greens.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 48"
38983,3840,Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
39027,3847,Suaeda sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,141,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled and used as greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141"
39242,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves and shoots cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
39328,3893,Taraxacum californicum Munz & Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,141,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stems and leaves gathered and eaten in spring and early summer.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141"
39341,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,35,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems used for potherbs and salads.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 35"
39366,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
39367,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,107,p10,93,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93"
39369,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,62,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves used as greens.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
39371,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,138,Menominee,51,s23,65,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked with maple sap vinegar for a dish of greens.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 65"
39373,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,257,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Spring leaves used as greens and cooked with pork.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 257"
39374,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens in food.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
39383,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,399,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves gathered in spring and cooked as greens with pork or venison and maple sap vinegar.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399"
39384,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,85,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
39387,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked or uncooked leaves eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
39399,3895,Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants eaten as greens.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 61"
39401,3896,Taraxacum sp.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,71,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves used raw or cooked as a green vegetable.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 71"
39402,3896,Taraxacum sp.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 109"
39403,3896,Taraxacum sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,81,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled and eaten.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 81"
39407,3896,Taraxacum sp.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,29,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tender, young leaves eaten in salads and as a potherb.","Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 29"
39807,3939,Thelypodium wrightii ssp. wrightii,207,Pueblo,19,c35,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled with a pinch of salt and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 25"
39828,3946,Thlaspi arvense L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,37,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 37"
40338,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young twigs and buds cooked as greens or eaten raw.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
40499,3979,Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth,95,Hopi,82,c74,369,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant used for greens.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 369"
40509,3981,Tradescantia sp.,32,Cherokee,105,w47,75,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves relished as greens.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 75"
40519,3982,Tradescantia virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems mixed with other greens or grease and parboiled until tender.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 33"
40548,3992,Trianthema portulacastrum L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants cooked and eaten as greens in summer.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
40641,4013,Trifolium sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,141,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw or boiled as greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141"
40644,4013,Trifolium sp.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 43"
40652,4014,Trifolium variegatum Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,361,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten considerably as greens.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 361"
40660,4015,Trifolium willdenowii Spreng.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,243,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Whole plant used, without cooking, as greens.","Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243"
40661,4015,Trifolium willdenowii Spreng.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,244,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender plants eaten uncooked as greens.","Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244"
40665,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,68,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Green leaves eaten raw with salt.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"
40667,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,285,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Thin, wiry roots dried, steamed or boiled, dipped in oil and eaten as vegetables.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285"
40677,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Rhizomes formerly steamed, dried and used as a vegetable food in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
40680,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,244,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten uncooked as greens.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244"
40688,4017,Triglochin maritima L.,216,Salish,41,te82,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Grass-like plant eaten as a vegetable.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
40786,4031,Triteleia grandiflora Lindl.,200,Pomo,109,m66,284,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 284"
40799,4032,Triteleia hyacinthina (Lindl.) Greene,183,Paiute,98,m53,55,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Root eaten boiled and mashed, like potatoes.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 55"
40808,4035,Triteleia laxa Benth.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Baked or boiled corms eaten like baked or boiled potatoes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 25"
41355,4049,Typha latifolia L.,200,Pomo,96,b52,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots eaten as greens.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92"
41356,4049,Typha latifolia L.,200,Pomo,96,b52,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten as greens.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92"
41691,4058,Urtica dioica L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
41712,4058,Urtica dioica L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,83,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Combined with pigweed, mustard, plantain and dock and used as mixed greens.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 83"
41724,4058,Urtica dioica L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,140,1,Food,31,Vegetable,New growths dipped in boiling water and eaten as greens.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 140"
41741,4058,Urtica dioica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,288,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens cooked as green vegetables.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 288"
41742,4058,Urtica dioica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,289,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant tops eaten as a potherb after the arrival of the Chinese.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41762,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,90,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young stems and leaves boiled and eaten like spinach.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 90"
41782,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,94,Hoh,77,r36,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant tops eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
41795,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots used as a potherb.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
41833,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,209,Quileute,77,r36,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant tops eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
41839,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,90,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young stems and leaves boiled and eaten like spinach.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 90"
41871,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,143,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw or boiled as greens.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"
41945,4068,Uvularia sessilifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as cooked greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
42571,4098,Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
42572,4098,Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,59,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as a potherb.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 59"
43186,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Black peas used for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43190,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,362,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stems baked or boiled and eaten as greens.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 362"
43212,4141,Vicia faba L.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cultivated beans used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
43261,4153,Viola blanda Willd.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,60,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and stems mixed with other greens, parboiled, rinsed and fried with grease & salt until soft.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60"
43277,4159,Viola pedunculata Torr. & Gray,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,43,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves, picked before the flowers appear in the spring, boiled once and eaten as greens.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 43"
43278,4159,Viola pedunculata Torr. & Gray,128,Luiseno,24,s08,230,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230"
43291,4161,Viola pubescens var. pubescens,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,60,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and stems mixed with other greens, parboiled, rinsed and fried with grease & salt until soft.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60"
43313,4166,Viola sp.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,60,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and stems mixed with other greens, parboiled, rinsed and fried with grease & salt until soft.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60"
43314,4166,Viola sp.,32,Cherokee,161,w77,253,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked with other potherbs and eaten.,"Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 253"
43787,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,19,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flowers eaten as a vegetable only if obtained before the summer rains.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 19"
43796,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,39,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flowers eaten if obtained before the summer rain; otherwise they taste bitter.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39"
44019,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,10,Apache,58,bc41,19,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flowers boiled and eaten as a vegetable.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 19"
44022,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,39,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flowers boiled and eaten as a vegetable.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39"
44066,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Stalks boiled, dried and stored to be used as vegetables.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 38"
44276,4238,Yucca whipplei Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Sliced stalks parboiled and cooked like squash.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44366,4244,Zea mays L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Corn used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
44370,4244,Zea mays L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,319,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fresh ears roasted in the husks and used for food.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 319"
44372,4244,Zea mays L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,9-Aug,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds parched and mixed with water or boiled with or without meat.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 9-Aug"
44394,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seeds eaten fresh, baked on the cob, roasted or boiled.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
44421,4244,Zea mays L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,71,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Corn on the cob roasted and eaten.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71"
44422,4244,Zea mays L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,71,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds eaten raw or cooked while traveling or hunting.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71"
44441,4244,Zea mays L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,77,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roasted corn ears eaten warm for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 77"
44452,4244,Zea mays L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Ears roasted and made into hominy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66"
44469,4244,Zea mays L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,27,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten like lettuce.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27"
44479,4244,Zea mays L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,18,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young corn and cob eaten.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18"
44486,4244,Zea mays L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,402,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Several sorts of corn were grown, modern and ancient. Ears were roasted and made into hominy.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402"
44561,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,17,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants used as greens.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 17"