id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
44662,4257,Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray,284,Yavapai,48,g36,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Mashed berries added to water and use as a drink.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258"
44658,4257,Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits formerly fermented and used for a beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
44528,4244,Zea mays L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,73,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Popped corn ground as fine as possible, mixed with cold water, strained and used as a beverage. Although this beverage could be consumed at any time, it was used especially by the rain priests and personators of anthropic gods during ceremonies.  Another native beverage was also made by the Zuni.  Water was poured over sprouted corn, allowed to stand for some days and then used as a beverage.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73"
44518,4244,Zea mays L.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,78,1,Food,27,Beverage,Corn meal mixed with cold water and drunk as a nourishing drink.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78"
44517,4244,Zea mays L.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,78,1,Food,27,Beverage,Corn ground and sifted into boiling water to make a gruel formerly drunk in the morning.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78"
44461,4244,Zea mays L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Cornmeal and juniper ash water used to make a beverage.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27"
44448,4244,Zea mays L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Scorched or parched corn often used as a substitute for coffee.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66"
44426,4244,Zea mays L.,101,Isleta,76,j31,46,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground corn used to make a slightly intoxicating beverage.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
44411,4244,Zea mays L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stalks cut between the joints and chewed to quench the thirst.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
44410,4244,Zea mays L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,71,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds boiled into a liquor and used as a beverage or made into soup.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71"
44409,4244,Zea mays L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,145,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Dried, roasted seeds boiled in water to make coffee.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 145"
44266,4237,Yucca torreyi Shafer,10,Apache,58,bc41,18,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Baked fruit pounded to a pulp, drained and juice drunk.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18"
44219,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,18,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit cooked and made into a drink.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18"
44112,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,76,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Dried, fruit cakes used to make a beverage.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76"
43970,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sun dried fruit boiled and used as a beverage.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258"
43969,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,58,bc41,16,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried fruit soaked in water until pulp dissolved and liquid drunk.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16"
43966,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,274,Walapai,58,bc41,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits mixed with water and liquid drunk.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 17"
43941,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried fruit pulp boiled in water and drunk.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
43925,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,16,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Dried fruit made into cakes, cooked in water and liquid drunk.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16"
43858,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,54,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried fruits dissolved in water to make a drink.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43834,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make a fermented beverage.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39"
43814,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
43799,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits used to make a drink.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43782,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,18,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Baked fruit pounded to a pulp, drained and juice drunk.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18"
43773,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,54,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried fruits dissolved in water to make a drink.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43559,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,204,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Juice squeezed out of fruits, added to water and used as a beverage.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204"
43548,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit soaked in water to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
43520,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh sap used as grape juice.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43460,4182,Vitis sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,23,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 23"
43443,4178,Vitis rotundifolia Michx.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,60,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fruit mixed with sour grape, pokeberry juice, sugar and cornmeal used as a juice.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60"
43433,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,60,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fruit mixed with sour grape, pokeberry juice, sugar and cornmeal used as a juice.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60"
43414,4175,Vitis girdiana Munson,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,144,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make wine.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 144"
43411,4174,Vitis cinerea var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,60,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fruit mixed with sour grape, pokeberry juice, sugar and cornmeal used as a juice.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60"
43404,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh sap used as grape juice.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43366,4171,Vitis arizonica Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice boiled to make wine.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
43347,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,60,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fruit mixed with sour grape, pokeberry juice, sugar and cornmeal used as a juice.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60"
43045,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make juice.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
42891,4113,Verbena stricta Vent.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
42881,4108,Verbena hastata L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,111,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
42438,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,22,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice diluted and sweetened to make a refreshing beverage.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 22"
42343,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,210,Quinault,25,g73,44,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
42312,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries made excellent wine.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
42251,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,200,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200"
41914,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41733,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41614,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,49,Concow,89,c02,349,1,Food,27,Beverage,Root bark used to make a drink.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349"
41527,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,1,Food,27,Beverage,Inner bark used to brew a 'tea.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
41428,4051,Ulmus americana L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Red, inner bark used like coffee.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 39"
40915,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,408,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves made into a tea and used as a beverage and to disguise medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408"
40907,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
40881,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,36,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branches and maple water used to make tea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36"
40861,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
40830,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,71,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Dried, ground wheat mixed with water to make a beverage.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71"
40685,4017,Triglochin maritima L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,90,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roasted and used as a substitute for coffee.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 90"
40671,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,160,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Wilted, dry leaves soaked and stirred in cold water to make a sour drink.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160"
40638,4013,Trifolium sp.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flowers used to make wine.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 67"
40565,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a nonmedicinal beverage.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"
40526,3985,Tragopogon porrifolius L.,157,Navajo,141,h56,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,Latex used as milk.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 156"
39914,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2234,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves steeped for tea.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2234"
39859,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
39813,3942,Theobroma cacao L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
39795,3935,Thelesperma subnudum Gray,95,Hopi,37,w39,98,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Flowers and tips of young leaves dried, boiled and used to make tea.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98"
39793,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,61,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves steeped and the tea drunk as a beverage.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 61"
39792,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Decoction of leaves and flowers, with lots of sugar, used as a tea.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
39787,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,108,Keresan,90,w45,563,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and roots boiled to make tea.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563"
39786,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,72,1,Food,27,Beverage,Infusion of plant used as a beverage.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 72"
39783,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,95,Hopi,126,vest40,168,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make coffee.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 168"
39782,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,95,Hopi,72,f96,15,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flowers used to make a beverage.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 15"
39781,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,95,Hopi,37,w39,98,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Flowers and tips of young leaves dried, boiled and used to make tea.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98"
39778,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young stems boiled to make a non-intoxicating beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53"
39777,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or stored portions boiled in water and liquid consumed with or without sugar.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53"
39774,3933,Thelesperma longipes Gray,101,Isleta,76,j31,43,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young plant leaves boiled to make a beverage resembling commercial tea.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
39773,3932,Thelesperma filifolium var. filifolium,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,61,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves steeped and the tea drunk as a beverage.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 61"
39772,3932,Thelesperma filifolium var. filifolium,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,72,1,Food,27,Beverage,Infusion of plant used as a beverage.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 72"
39598,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,309,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
39582,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,34,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fruits, leaves, cold water and maple water fermented into a 'little beer.'","Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 34"
39365,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make wine.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 99"
38879,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,34,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice used to make wine.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 34"
38878,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,10,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make wine.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 10"
38865,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice used as a ceremonial drink.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
38760,3788,Spiraea ?pyramidata Greene (pro sp.) [betulifolia ? douglasii],259,Thompson,33,steed28,494,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Flowers, stems and leaves boiled and drunk as a tea.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494"
38753,3797,Spiraea stevenii (Schneid.) Rydb.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,8,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried leaves made into tea.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8"
38730,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,259,Thompson,10,tta90,274,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274"
38715,3790,Spiraea alba var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel,1,Abnaki,84,r47,152,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152"
38714,3790,Spiraea alba var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel,1,Abnaki,84,r47,168,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 168"
38693,3783,Sphagnum sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,87,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 87"
38649,3772,Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,31,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31"
38282,3720,Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.,291,Zuni,6,s15,70,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries mixed with curdled goat milk and considered a delicious beverage.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70"
38088,3692,Sisymbrium irio L.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds mixed with water to make a drink.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
38053,3688,Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,74,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground nut meal boiled into a 'coffee.',"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 74"
38052,3688,Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds eaten fresh or ground into powder and used to make a coffee like beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
37920,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits fermented to make an alcoholic drink.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
37919,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries squeezed through a rice bag or some other straining cloth and made into juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37884,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,27,Beverage,Canned berry juice used as a beverage during haying time.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
37872,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,178,Oregon Indian,111,m90,20,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make a foaming drink.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 20"
37869,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits fermented to make an alcoholic drink.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
37863,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,169,Northwest Indian,111,m90,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries made into a foaming drink.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 17"
37837,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,73,b05,24,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries, water, sugar and lemon or vanilla used to make a drink.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 24"
37725,3652,Senna occidentalis (L.) Link,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground seeds boiled to make a coffee-like beverage.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
37724,3652,Senna occidentalis (L.) Link,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground seeds boiled to make a coffee-like beverage.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
37230,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,130,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Root bark used to make a pleasant, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 130"
37226,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots and barks used to make a beverage tea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
37225,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,44,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Red and white roots, red roots preferred, used to make tea.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 44"
36867,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make wine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36776,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make wine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
36757,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36754,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits brewed into a wine.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
36746,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,190,Pawnee,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36741,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36667,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,61,Dakota,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36655,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,32,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make wine.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 32"
36559,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
36400,3557,Salvia columbariae Benth.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds used to make a mucilaginous drink.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
36399,3557,Salvia columbariae Benth.,193,Pima,104,r08,77,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds made into a popular, mucilaginous beverage.","Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 77"
36398,3557,Salvia columbariae Benth.,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds steeped and used as tea-like drinks for refreshment.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
36395,3557,Salvia columbariae Benth.,147,Mohave,125,cb51,187,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds ground and mixed with water.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"
36390,3557,Salvia columbariae Benth.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,62,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds parched, pounded, mixed with water and used as a beverage.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"
36381,3557,Salvia columbariae Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,136,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds used to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136"
36036,3545,Salix pulchra Cham.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,10,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves used to make tea.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10"
35859,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,288,Yuma,125,cb51,201,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and twig bark steeped to make tea.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 201"
35851,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,147,Mohave,125,cb51,201,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young shoots used to make tea.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 201"
35816,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,155,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a drink 'like orange juice.',"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 155"
35558,3507,Sadleria cyatheoides Kaulfuss,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,16,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant powdered and used to make a beverage similar to coffee or tea.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 16"
35370,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Stems, before the buds bloom, boiled into a drink.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 53"
35198,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant formerly used to make a type of home brew or wine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35122,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,289,Yurok,70,b81,52,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young shoots boiled with other vine shoots into a tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
35106,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,134,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries soaked in water to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134"
35092,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,209,Quileute,25,g73,35,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried vines and leaves used to make a beverage tea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35078,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,88,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Old, dry leaves used to make tea.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 88"
35056,3471,Rubus trivialis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34963,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make homemade wine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34832,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fall, brown leaves used to make tea.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34781,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,134,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries soaked in water to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134"
34734,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34731,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34728,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34727,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
34718,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,264,1,Food,27,Beverage,Root bark used to make tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264"
34694,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34592,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,134,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries soaked in water to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134"
34561,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34558,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,190,Pawnee,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34554,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34529,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,274,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves mixed with young Nootka rose leaves to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 274"
34526,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,61,Dakota,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34521,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
34420,3448,Rubus flagellaris Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34365,3444,Rubus canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,127,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries, water & maple sugar used to make a drink for home consumption and longhouse ceremonies.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127"
34356,3442,Rubus argutus Link,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34294,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34249,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34248,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34247,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Hips used to make a tea like beverage. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34203,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,17,Arapaho,139,n66,48,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make tea.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
34193,3432,Rosa sp.,276,Washo,111,m90,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots used to make a rose colored tea.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 17"
34134,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34133,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34110,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,133,Makah,3,g83,270,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 270"
34107,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,273,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves dried and mixed with American red raspberry leaves to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 273"
34094,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34093,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34081,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
34078,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,241,Skagit,25,g73,34,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34074,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems and flowers used to make tea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34048,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,129,Lummi,25,g73,34,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Twigs peeled, boiled and used as a beverage.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34021,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,493,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves and stalks boiled and drunk as a tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493"
34020,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33974,3422,Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,133,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms soaked in water to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 133"
33942,3419,Rosa arkansana Porter,125,Lakota,156,k90,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots used to make a strong tea.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
33941,3419,Rosa arkansana Porter,125,Lakota,156,k90,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Petals used to make tea.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
33918,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33917,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33916,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Hips used to make a tea like beverage. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33902,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled into tea.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
33874,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,101,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make juice.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 101"
33863,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,89,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Rose hips cooked, juice extracted, pasteurized and mixed with other fruit juices.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 89"
33862,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,89,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 89"
33828,3408,Romneya coulteri Harvey,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,133,1,Food,27,Beverage,Watery substance in the stalk used as a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 133"
33821,3406,Robinia pseudoacacia L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,46,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark steeped into tea.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 46"
33668,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33610,3377,Ribes leptanthum Gray,249,Spanish American,19,c35,49,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits used to make wine.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 49"
33543,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33509,3369,Ribes glandulosum Grauer,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,54,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stem used to make a bitter tea.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 54"
33502,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries made into juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33300,3355,Rhus typhina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried berries sweetened with maple sugar & made into a hot or cool beverage like lemonade.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
33287,3355,Rhus typhina L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,62,1,Food,27,Beverage,Infusion of dried berries used as a beverage very similar to lemonade.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 62"
33259,3355,Rhus typhina L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,114,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries steeped in water, sweetened with sugar and drunk like lemonade.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 114"
33250,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries boiled into a 'tea.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33249,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries boiled into a 'tea.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33247,3353,Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,257,1,Food,27,Beverage,Mashed berries mixed with water or mescal syrup and used as a beverage.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257"
33232,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,109,m66,440,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make a cooling drink.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 440"
33186,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,157,Navajo,121,l86,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make juice.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 26"
33185,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,222,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries ground, washed, mixed with water and used as a beverage.","Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222"
33161,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries boiled into a 'tea.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33160,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries boiled into a 'tea.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33151,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make a beverage.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66"
33137,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,15,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make a drink.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15"
33127,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,356,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make 'lemonade.',"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 356"
33126,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,184,n43,20,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries pounded, soaked in water and used to make a refreshing drink.","Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20"
33125,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,37,w39,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries made into lemonade.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 84"
33114,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,229,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries crushed, soaked in water, ground, more water added and used as a drink.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229"
33112,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make an acid drink.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
33092,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,131,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries soaked in water and used as a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131"
33087,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,139,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries pounded into flour, mixed with manzanita flour and water and used as a beverage.","Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139"
33083,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries stirred in warm water to make a nonintoxicating drink.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
33015,3348,Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Brewer & S. Wats.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,37,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaf wad kept in the mouth to assuage thirst on long journeys by foot.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 37"
33014,3348,Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Brewer & S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,131,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries soaked in water and used as a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131"
32971,3347,Rhus glabra L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seed heads used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
32964,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried berries sweetened with maple sugar & made into a hot or cool beverage like lemonade.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
32954,3347,Rhus glabra L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,255,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries and sugar used to make a cooling drink in the summer time and stored for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 255"
32940,3347,Rhus glabra L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bobs boiled and used as a drink in winter.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
32839,3337,Rhododendron albiflorum Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
32824,3335,Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. integrifolia,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,36,1,Food,27,Beverage,Red plant tops used to make a tea like beverage.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 36"
32817,3332,Rhexia virginica L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,314,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and stems used to make a sour drink.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314"
32751,3322,Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.,172,Oglala,17,g19,131,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and cylindrical heads used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
32743,3322,Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,368,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 368"
32609,3250,Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella],15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,148,1,Food,27,Beverage,Acorns used to make 'coffee.',"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 148"
32515,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,22,1,Food,27,Beverage,Acorns used to make a drink similar to coffee.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
32446,3289,Quercus sp.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and liquid used as a drink.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
32311,3276,Quercus nigra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,21,1,Food,27,Beverage,Acorns used to make a beverage.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"
32024,3259,Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill,138,Menominee,51,s23,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roasted acorn ground for coffee.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66"
31903,3253,Quercus alba L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,257,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Ground, scorched acorns made into a drink similar to coffee.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 257"
31809,3243,Pyrola sp.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
31377,3206,Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,257,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used as ingredient of modern intoxicant made from mescal.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257"
31229,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young sprouts used to make tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31167,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,105,Karok,70,b81,48,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young sprouts used to make tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31082,3190,Pseudocymopterus sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,40,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and stems boiled to make a beverage.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40"
31010,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branches used to make a beverage.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
30956,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried berries used to make wine.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30955,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Boiled roots used to make beer.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30937,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,153,k32,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 99"
30936,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,153,k32,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits added to hot water and used as a beverage.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 99"
30935,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark and twigs made into a tea and taken with meals.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 84"
30915,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ripe fruit collected each fall and made into wine.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
30863,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make wine and juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30816,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,263,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark made into a beverage.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263"
30810,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark boiled into regular tea and drunk with meals.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
30799,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,38,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea during the Sun Dance.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
30767,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
30715,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice given as a special drink to husbands or the favorite child.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30706,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits used to make a wine.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 113"
30705,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,96,1,Food,27,Beverage,Cherries used to make wine.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 96"
30687,3178,Prunus sp.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
30662,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,108,1,Food,27,Beverage,Cherries mostly used in wine or whisky.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 108"
30651,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ripe cherries used to make whiskey.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
30593,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
30563,3176,Prunus pumila var. susquehanae (hort. ex Willd.) Jaeger,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,27,Beverage,Cherries used to improve the flavor of whisky.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
30525,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,224,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Dried fruits pounded, stewed and the water drunk.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 224"
30255,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,145,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit sun dried and boiled in water to make coffee.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 145"
30226,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
30221,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,494,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant soaked in cold water and used as one of the most common drinks.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494"
30161,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,4,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Pods crushed in a wooden mortar, soaked in water and used to make vau (a drink).","Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4"
30141,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Beans pounded, added to cold water, strained and used as a sweet drink.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30081,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,193,Pima,174,h08,261,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Beans sun dried, pounded into meal, mixed with cold water and used as a drink.","Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 261"
30080,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,193,Pima,11,c49,96,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Beans ground, mixed with water and made into a nourishing and sweet beverage.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96"
30072,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,147,Mohave,196,s65,46,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Bean pods rotted in a pit for a month, dried, ground into a flour and used to make a drink.","Stewart, Kenneth M., 1965, Mohave Indian Gathering of Wild Plants, Kiva 31(1):46-53, page 46"
30059,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pods crushed into a pulpy juice and used to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30058,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pod meal and water used to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30050,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit ground and sugar added to make a thick drink.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53"
30045,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,288,Yuma,125,cb51,181,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pods crushed and steeped in water to make a beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 181"
30042,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,174,h08,261,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Beans sun dried, pounded into meal, mixed with cold water and used as a drink.","Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 261"
30015,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pods crushed into a pulpy juice and used to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30014,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pod meal and water used to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30013,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms used to make tea.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30003,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,288,Yuma,125,cb51,181,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pods crushed and steeped in water to make a beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 181"
30002,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,288,Yuma,125,cb51,181,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried pods boiled to make a beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 181"
29989,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,136,Maricopa,125,cb51,181,1,Food,27,Beverage,Unripe beans pounded and mixed with water to make a drink.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 181"
29975,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
29965,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pounded bean pulp squeezed for the juice and drunk just like milk.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
29946,3153,Prosopis glandulosa Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,37,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Beans boiled, strained and used as a drink.","Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 37"
29937,3153,Prosopis glandulosa Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Cooked pods and seeds ground, water added, mixture allowed to ferment and used as a beverage.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53"
28849,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,45,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Stalks boiled, strained and juice used as a beverage.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 45"
28846,3051,Polygonum alpinum All.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice sweetened and used to make a beverage.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 26"
28605,3018,Platanus racemosa Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Small bark pieces boiled in water and drunk warm with sugar.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"
28529,3006,Plantago sp.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds used to make a mucilaginous drink.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
28239,2977,Pinus strobus L.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
28085,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground nuts mixed with water and used as a drink.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27795,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground nuts mixed with water and used as a drink.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27579,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,35,1,Food,27,Beverage,Needles used to make a tea.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35"
27479,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs with needles attached used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27478,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Needles used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27139,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
27114,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
27052,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,63,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branches used to make beer.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 63"
26988,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branches used by mountain travellers to make a tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 27"
26981,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
26863,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branches used by mountain travellers to make a tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 27"
26805,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,51,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Crushed berries and sour grapes strained, mixed with sugar and cornmeal and used as a beverage.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 51"
26547,2898,Phoradendron sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,101,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make tea, which may have had a medicinal use.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"
26518,2895,Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray,157,Navajo,74,e44,42,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 42"
25942,2821,Penstemon sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,77,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 77"
25941,2821,Penstemon sp.,157,Navajo,141,h56,162,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make beverages.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 162"
25846,2804,Penstemon confertus Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,493,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried stems and leaves boiled for a short time and drunk as a tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493"
25799,2794,Peniocereus greggii var. greggii,188,Papago,27,cu35,18,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots chewed for thirst.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 18"
25782,2789,Pellaea mucronata ssp. mucronata,128,Luiseno,24,s08,211,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a tea.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 211"
25775,2787,Pellaea mucronata (D.C. Eat.) D.C. Eat.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,234,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fronds used to make a beverage.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 234"
25774,2787,Pellaea mucronata (D.C. Eat.) D.C. Eat.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,47,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ferns brewed to make a nonmedicinal tea.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47"
25773,2787,Pellaea mucronata (D.C. Eat.) D.C. Eat.,65,Diegueno,122,h75,215,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 215"
25578,2763,Passiflora incarnata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a social drink.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
25577,2763,Passiflora incarnata L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,50,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Crushed fruit strained into a juice, mixed with flour or cornmeal to thicken and used as a beverage.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 50"
25534,2755,Parthenium incanum Kunth,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh leaves boiled and used similarly to coffee.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53"
25514,2751,Paronychia jamesii Torr. & Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used as a 'tea' plant.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 27"
25470,2741,Panicum sonorum Beal,275,Warihio,125,cb51,170,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds ground into flour and mixed with milk to make a nourishing drink.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 170"
24967,2695,Osmorhiza depauperata Phil.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots and stems boiled to make a beverage.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
24813,2670,Opuntia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,4,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit made into a drink.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 4"
24724,2665,Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm.,157,Navajo,121,l86,14,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make fruit juice.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 14"
24718,2665,Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
24678,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,125,Lakota,156,k90,32,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit 'insides' eaten for thirst.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
24621,2653,Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck,188,Papago,27,cu35,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits formerly fermented and used for a beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
24130,2597,Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata (Dur.) E.O. Beal,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,1,Food,27,Beverage,Petiole sucked to relieve thirst.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
23849,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23832,2579,Nicotiana glauca Graham,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23822,2578,Nicotiana clevelandii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23682,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
23486,2532,Morus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,48,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make juice.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 48"
23390,2517,Monardella viridis Jepson,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,42,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and flowers used to make a nonmedicinal tea.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 42"
23371,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,105,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves and stems boiled, liquid strained and used as a hot or cold beverage.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 105"
23363,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and stems used to make a hot or cold tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
23360,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,171,1,Food,27,Beverage,Decoction of stems and flower heads used as a beverage.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 171"
23357,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,42,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and flowers used to make a nonmedicinal tea.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 42"
23353,2512,Monardella linoides Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,42,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and flowers used to make a nonmedicinal tea.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 42"
23350,2511,Monardella lanceolata Gray,128,Luiseno,24,s08,211,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a tea.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 211"
23348,2511,Monardella lanceolata Gray,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,25,1,Food,27,Beverage,Infusion of plant used as a medicinal tea and beverage.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 25"
23345,2510,Monardella candicans Benth.,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,19,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fresh or dried plants boiled, sugar added and tea used as a beverage.","Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 19"
23260,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young stems boiled to make a non-intoxicating beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53"
23233,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,149,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 149"
23152,2494,Mitchella repens L.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
23080,2491,Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
23052,2488,Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
22834,2445,Mentha spicata L.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,88,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88"
22831,2445,Mentha spicata L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,171,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used for tea.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 171"
22827,2445,Mentha spicata L.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,41,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves brewed into an nonmedicinal beverage tea.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41"
22794,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22763,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used in tea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
22757,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves and stems boiled, liquid strained and drunk.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
22756,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,225,Sanpoil,32,tbk80,109,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
22743,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22741,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22736,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,245,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled into a refreshing drink.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 245"
22735,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,98,m53,107,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried leaves made into tea.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 107"
22734,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,153,k32,103,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves used to make a tea.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103"
22722,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22721,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
22712,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
22705,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,27,Beverage,Foliage used to make a beverage tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
22678,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,49,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 49"
22670,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,104,1,Food,27,Beverage,Herbage used for tea.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104"
22666,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,40,1,Food,27,Beverage,Green leaves brewed into an nonmedicinal beverage tea.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 40"
22651,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,374,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves formerly used to make tea.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 374"
22637,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22636,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,363,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a hot, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363"
22633,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,45,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves added to store bought tea to improve the flavor.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 45"
22622,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,140,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a pleasant, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"
22619,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and stems made into a tea and used as a beverage.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 27"
22600,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
22599,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried plant used to make tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
22446,2419,Martynia sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,189,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds cracked and chewed for the juice.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189"
22408,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young shoots and Polypodium rhizomes used to make tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
22079,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,200,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice mixed with Pacific crabapples and high bush cranberries and drunk.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 200"
21989,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,8,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make wine and 'lemonade.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8"
21988,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,18,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries crushed, mixed with sugar and water and made into a refreshing beverage.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 18"
21889,2372,Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde,97,Hualapai,127,w82,5,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make a beverage.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5"
21440,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,157,Navajo,121,l86,32,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries mashed in water and used as a beverage.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 32"
21425,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,239,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried berries ground and mixed with water to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 239"
21420,2315,Lycium fremontii Gray,288,Yuma,125,cb51,204,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries gathered, washed, boiled, ground, mixed with water and used as a beverage.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204"
21417,2315,Lycium fremontii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,87,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Red berries boiled, mashed and the liquid used as a beverage.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 87"
21407,2314,Lycium exsertum Gray,288,Yuma,125,cb51,204,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries gathered, washed, boiled, ground, mixed with water and used as a beverage.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204"
21402,2313,Lycium andersonii Gray,147,Mohave,125,cb51,205,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries crushed, strained and used as a drink.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 205"
21399,2313,Lycium andersonii Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit juice used as a beverage.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 39"
21023,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Young, green fruits used to make tea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21022,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Mature fruits, leaves and other plant parts preserved & used all year to make a tea like beverage.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21021,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,494,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Flowers, leaves and stems dried, brought to a boil and used as a drink.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494"
21020,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
20843,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots boiled to make a drink.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
20590,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,232,Shoshoni,139,n66,50,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots used to make tea.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"
20559,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,23,Blackfoot,139,n66,50,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots used to make tea.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"
20456,2210,Liquidambar styraciflua L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Bark, hearts-a-bustin-with-love (Euonymus americana), and summer grapes used to make tea.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
20365,2199,Lindera benzoin var. benzoin,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,131,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a pleasant, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131"
20353,2198,Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
20352,2198,Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,44,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 44"
19956,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,522,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled for tea.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522"
19921,2135,Lepidium fremontii S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,36,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds pounded, mixed with water and used as a beverage.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36"
19890,2123,Ledum ?columbianum Piper (pro sp.)  [glandulosum ? groenlandicum],202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage tea.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 113"
19885,2127,Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens (Ait.) Hult‚n,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,60,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Young, dried, stored leaves used to make tea.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 60"
19881,2127,Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens (Ait.) Hult‚n,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,31,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves dried and used as a substitute for tea.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 31"
19879,2127,Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens (Ait.) Hult‚n,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used for tea.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
19872,2126,Ledum palustre L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,16,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and stems used to make tea.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16"
19856,2126,Ledum palustre L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,60,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Young, dried, stored leaves used to make tea.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 60"
19853,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,259,Thompson,10,tta90,214,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves made into a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 214"
19852,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,259,Thompson,10,tta90,214,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and twigs made into a tea like beverage and used in place of coffee.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 214"
19851,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,62,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves mixed with tea or mint.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62"
19848,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,83,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried leaves made into tea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83"
19846,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,215,Saanich,23,tb71,83,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried leaves made into tea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83"
19844,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 99"
19843,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,120,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage and also used as a brown dye material.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120"
19840,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
19837,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and twigs used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
19835,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,401,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Tender leaves used for beverage tea, a well known tea, and sometimes eaten with the tea.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 401"
19834,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 17"
19832,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,106,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried plant used to make a hot tea beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19823,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
19816,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
19814,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,133,Makah,3,g83,301,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage tea.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 301"
19813,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,133,Makah,25,g73,43,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves steeped and drunk as a beverage tea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43"
19808,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,283,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
19807,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,293,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, refreshing drink.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 293"
19805,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,333,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 333"
19801,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,65,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Toasted, dried leaves brewed or steeped to make tea.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
19800,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,241,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19795,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,31,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves dried and used as a substitute for tea.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 31"
19794,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,42,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant, with flower tops removed, used to make a tea.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 42"
19777,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,54,Cree,145,b41,484,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 484"
19773,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
19770,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled and used as a beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
19767,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,9,Anticosti,150,r46,68,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 68"
19765,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,116,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea and medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 116"
19760,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,35,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Strongly, aromatic leaves used to make tea.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 35"
19757,2124,Ledum glandulosum Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,34,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves simmered to make a most prized tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
19756,2124,Ledum glandulosum Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,34,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves simmered to make tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
19701,2108,Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roasted seeds used to make coffee.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
19488,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,9,Anticosti,150,r46,63,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branches and needles used to make tea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 63"
19277,2072,Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,241,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19276,2072,Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,241,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19165,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,30,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries eaten to relieve thirst.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
19074,2063,Juniperus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries soaked, pounded with yucca fruit, mixed with water and drained to make a drink.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
19010,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries made into a drink and taken in the sweathouse. This drink could only be taken with great caution, because the berries were believed to be poisonous.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
18927,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,284,Yavapai,48,g36,257,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage.","Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257"
18855,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,206,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried berries used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"
18605,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 17"
18579,2056,Juniperus deppeana Steud.,284,Yavapai,201,g32,212,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Pulverized berries soaked in water, put in mouth and juice sucked, the solid matter spat out.","Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 212"
18578,2056,Juniperus deppeana Steud.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,257,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage.","Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257"
18548,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,102,Jemez,28,c30,24,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled into a beverage similar to coffee.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
18537,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,1,Food,27,Beverage,Small pieces of branches used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18428,2054,Juniperus communis L.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,64,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fruits, branches, potatoes, yeast and water boiled into a drink.","Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 64"
18339,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make a fermented drink.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"
18285,2034,Juglans nigra L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and liquid used as a drink.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
18242,2033,Juglans major (Torr.) Heller,284,Yavapai,48,g36,256,1,Food,27,Beverage,Meat pulverized in mescal syrup and used as a beverage.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256"
18241,2033,Juglans major (Torr.) Heller,284,Yavapai,201,g32,209,1,Food,27,Beverage,Decoction of pulverized nut juice dipped up and sucked.,"Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 209"
18204,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and liquid used as a drink.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
18154,2024,Jacquemontia ovalifolia ssp. sandwicensis (Gray) Robertson,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,73,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves and stems used to make tea.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73"
18054,2012,Iris setosa Pallas ex Link,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Roasted, ground seeds used for coffee.","Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
17917,1996,Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata,95,Hopi,82,c74,321,1,Food,27,Beverage,Boiled for a drink.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 321"
17721,1978,Ilex sp.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,522,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522"
17595,1950,Hymenoxys cooperi (Gray) Cockerell,95,Hopi,82,c74,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 329"
17587,1947,Hymenopappus sp.,102,Jemez,28,c30,24,1,Food,27,Beverage,Little bundles of plant steeped into tea.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
17586,1947,Hymenopappus sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,32,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant kept well in storage and used to make a beverage in all seasons.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
17585,1947,Hymenopappus sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,32,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and stems used to make a beverage.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
17581,1945,Hymenopappus filifolius var. pauciflorus (I.M. Johnston) B.L. Turner,95,Hopi,82,c74,326,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea and coffee.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 326"
17492,1926,Hydrangea arborescens L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,54,1,Food,27,Beverage,Peeled branches and twigs boiled to make tea.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 54"
17375,1905,Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt. ex Hook.) Heller,101,Isleta,76,j31,32,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves steeped to make a beverage.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
16506,1809,Hedysarum alpinum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,14,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fried roots, with or without grease, used to make tea.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14"
16456,1805,Hedeoma nana (Torr.) Briq.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young stems boiled to make a non-intoxicating beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53"
16414,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,44,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and twigs used to make tea.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 44"
16371,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,260,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Roasted, ground seeds boiled to make coffee.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 260"
15998,1752,Gleditsia triacanthos L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seed pulp used to make a drink.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
15997,1752,Gleditsia triacanthos L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,45,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Pod juice, water and sugar or pods soaked in water used as a beverage.","Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 45"
15952,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,493,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots boiled and drunk as tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493"
15642,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used as a remedy for thirst.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15616,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Young, tender leaves used as a beverage tea and rheumatic medicine.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
15615,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 17"
15593,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,138,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a pleasant, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 138"
15592,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
15585,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,38,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 38"
15575,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,116,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea and medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 116"
15570,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,152,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152"
15569,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,171,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 171"
15560,1699,Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
15031,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,280,Winnebago,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
15021,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,86,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves dried and used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86"
14963,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
14927,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,36,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used for a beverage.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
14922,1637,Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt,280,Winnebago,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
14904,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,86,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves dried and used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86"
14852,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,86,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves dried and used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86"
14816,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,74,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh blossoms soaked in water and used to make a summer drink.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74"
14763,1617,Ficus carica L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
14748,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,229,Seri,29,d44,136,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant provided drinking water.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
14742,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,55,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice extracted from pulp and used to quench thirst.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55"
14740,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant tops pounded and the juice used as a drink.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17"
14738,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,13,"Apache, San Carlos",174,h08,257,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice used for extreme thirst.,"Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257"
14731,1608,Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo,193,Pima,11,c49,55,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice extracted from pulp and used to quench thirst.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55"
14724,1607,Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to obtain water. The barrel cactus provided a desert reservoir, one which had long been familiar to many desert travelers at times of emergency.  To obtain water, the top of the cactus was sliced off, a portion of the pulp was removed to create a depression and then the pulp was squeezed by hand in the depression until water was released from the spongy mass.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67"
14723,1606,Ferocactus coulteri,229,Seri,29,d44,136,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant provided drinking water.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
14674,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and liquid used as a drink.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
14187,1536,Eriogonum wrightii Torr. ex Benth.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,30,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds pounded into a meal, mixed with water and used as a beverage.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30"
14184,1535,Eriogonum umbellatum var. majus Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled to make tea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
14118,1528,Eriogonum roseum Dur. & Hilg.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,30,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds pounded into a meal, mixed with water and used as a beverage.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30"
14079,1518,Eriogonum microthecum Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,217,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 217"
13974,1498,Eriogonum baileyi S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,29,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds pounded into a meal, mixed with water and used as a beverage.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29"
13926,1491,Eriodictyon trichocalyx Heller,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,71,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried leaves boiled into tea.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 71"
13874,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,105,Karok,70,b81,30,1,Food,27,Beverage,Decoction of leaves and Pinus lambertiana pitch or leaves chewed and water taken as soothing drink.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
13534,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,215,1,Food,27,Beverage,Vegetative shoots used as a source of drinking water when traveling.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 215"
13342,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blades boiled to make a drink.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
13211,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
13210,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stalks boiled in water to make tea.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"
13208,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,183,Paiute,65,stew33,245,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leafless needles boiled into a drink.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 245"
13196,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,157,Navajo,121,l86,19,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems chewed to relieve thirst when on the move and away from water supplies.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 19"
13195,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,157,Navajo,121,l86,19,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roasted stems used to make tea.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 19"
13189,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"
13183,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,207,1,Food,27,Beverage,Upper portions of plant boiled into tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207"
13182,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs boiled into a tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
13168,1405,Ephedra torreyana S. Wats.,157,Navajo,74,e44,24,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branches used to make tea.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24"
13161,1405,Ephedra torreyana S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,207,1,Food,27,Beverage,Upper portions of plant boiled into tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207"
13160,1404,Ephedra sp.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Parched, ground seeds used for coffee.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 17"
13159,1404,Ephedra sp.,183,Paiute,111,m90,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried twigs made into an aromatic tea.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 17"
13150,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,291,Zuni,6,s15,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant without the root occasionally used to make a hot, tea like beverage.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"
13144,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds steeped and used as tea-like drinks for refreshment.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
13136,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"
13135,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,207,1,Food,27,Beverage,Upper portions of plant boiled into tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207"
13134,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,73,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a pleasant and refreshing beverage.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 73"
13132,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,70,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried twigs boiled to make tea.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 70"
13129,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,157,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157"
13127,1402,Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels.,196,"Pima, Lehi",11,c49,76,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots used as a tea.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76"
13126,1402,Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels.,193,Pima,11,c49,76,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ends of branches boiled and made into a beverage.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76"
13123,1402,Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,207,1,Food,27,Beverage,Upper portions of plant boiled into tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207"
13120,1401,Ephedra californica S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"
13076,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,55,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries eaten by hunters to quench their thirst in the waterless high country.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55"
12975,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,54,Cree,145,b41,485,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make wine.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485"
12895,1363,Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm.,101,Isleta,76,j31,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Water extracted from pulp in emergencies.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12634,1319,Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Green grass immersed in cold water, strained and used as a beverage.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 26"
12633,1319,Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried grass cakes used to make a beverage.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 26"
12574,1310,Diospyros virginiana L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,25,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fruits rolled in corn meal, brewed in water, drained, baked and mixed with hot water to make a beer.","Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
12410,1275,Descurainia sp.,193,Pima,11,c49,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds roasted, mixed with water and eaten like atole.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 84"
12407,1275,Descurainia sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds ground and added to water to make a refreshing, summer drink.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
12400,1274,Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,47,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds dried, cooked, ground, water added, kneaded, water added to make a fine batter and drunk.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47"
12397,1274,Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl,183,Paiute,98,m53,74,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Roasted, ground seeds mixed with water and used as a cooling beverage for hot weather.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 74"
12387,1274,Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds parched, pounded, sifted, mixed with cold water and taken as a nourishing beverage.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 26"
12380,1273,Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds steeped and used as tea-like drinks for refreshment.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
12360,1271,Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds mixed with water to make a drink.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
12357,1271,Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,47,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds dried, cooked, ground, water added, kneaded, water added to make a fine batter and drunk.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47"
12352,1271,Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds parched, pounded, sifted, mixed with cold water and taken as a nourishing beverage.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 26"
12333,1268,Descurainia incana ssp. incana,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,47,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds dried, cooked, ground, water added, kneaded, water added to make a fine batter and drunk.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47"
12224,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,188,Papago,27,cu35,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Roots ground, infused and used as a beverage.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
12125,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,151,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Juice or powdered roots used to make a fermented, intoxicating drink.","Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 151"
12099,1240,Datura discolor Bernh.,193,Pima,11,c49,85,1,Food,27,Beverage,Infusion of leaves and mescal used as a dangerously intoxicating brew.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 85"
12063,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pounded and used as a drink.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
12058,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,52,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Crowns pit-baked, removed, peeled, crushed, mixed with water, fermented and used as a beverage.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 52"
12053,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,31,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves dried and used as a substitute for tea.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 31"
12052,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves used to make tea.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
12027,1226,Dalea purpurea var. purpurea,172,Oglala,17,g19,94,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves sometimes used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94"
12020,1227,Dalea purpurea Vent.,157,Navajo,141,h56,154,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 154"
11409,1127,Crataegus mollis Scheele,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Twigs used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
11339,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Twigs used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
11203,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and liquid used as a drink.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
10734,1083,Coreopsis tinctoria var. tinctoria,291,Zuni,6,s15,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant formerly used to make a hot beverage until the introduction of coffee by traders. The plant was folded while fresh, a number of folds being attached one below the other, and hung on the wall to dry.  When the beverage was desired, a fold was detached from the wall and used to make a hot beverage.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66"
10726,1082,Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,37,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 37"
10712,1077,Cordyline fruticosa (L.) Chev.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,49,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots fermented into a very powerful alcohol.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 49"
10510,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,127,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127"
10499,1052,Comarum palustre L.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,36,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Dried leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage before the availability of imported tea.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 36"
10389,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,266,Tolowa,70,b81,54,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh leaves used to make a refreshing tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 54"
10388,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,215,Saanich,23,tb71,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a refreshing tea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
10386,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,1,Food,27,Beverage,Decoction of crawling stems and leaves used as a beverage tea.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
10373,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,128,Luiseno,24,s08,211,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a tea.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 211"
10366,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,41,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make mint tea.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 41"
9766,928,Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla,183,Paiute,98,m53,65,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 65"
9686,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,33,steed28,494,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stem and roots boiled and drunk as a tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494"
9685,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,33,steed28,494,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves made into a tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494"
9349,888,Cheilanthes fendleri Hook.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young stems boiled to make a non-intoxicating beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53"
9348,887,Cheilanthes covillei Maxon,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,19,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems and leaves used to make tea.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 19"
9306,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,215,Saanich,23,tb71,85,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves boiled to make a refreshing tea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 85"
9268,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,41,Clallam,99,f80,201,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots boiled and used as a drink.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201"
9232,880,Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,151,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Roots used to make a fermented, intoxicating drink.","Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 151"
9137,862,Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried leaves used as a beverage tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
8652,812,Ceanothus herbaceus Raf.,125,Lakota,108,r80,56,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 56"
8624,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8622,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8620,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8618,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,342,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 342"
8617,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8616,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
8615,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,263,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used as a beverage.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263"
8609,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,70,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves used as a substitute for Ceylon black tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 70"
8593,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8524,794,Castilleja parviflora Bong.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,163,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flowers sipped sporadically and as a pastime.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 163"
8455,780,Castilleja applegatei ssp. pinetorum (Fern.) Chuang & Heckard,144,Miwok,100,bg33,163,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flowers sipped sporadically and as a pastime.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 163"
8426,774,Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and liquid used as a drink.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
8341,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and liquid used as a drink.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
8286,763,Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,107,p10,99,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and liquid used as a drink.","Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99"
8228,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,284,Yavapai,48,g36,260,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit mixed with water and liquid scooped with hand.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260"
8227,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,284,Yavapai,48,g36,260,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Dried fruit pressed into bricks and kept for later use, pieces broken off and stirred in water.","Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260"
8213,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,4,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ripe fruit used to make a cold drink.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4"
8212,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,4,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pulp made into a syrup and fermented for the annual wine feast. The annual wine feast was an elaborate liturgical celebration intended to bring rain and to continue it through the growing season.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4"
8194,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Ripe, dried fruits shaped into balls, boiled, fermented and used to make wine.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8193,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,104,r08,71,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fruits boiled, fermented and used as an intoxicating liquor.","Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71"
8158,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Pulp boiled with water, strained, boiled again and used as a ceremonial drink.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8157,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Juice mixed with water, fermented and used as an intoxicating drink in ceremonies to bring rain.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
8152,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,136,Maricopa,125,cb51,204,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice fermented to make an intoxicating drink.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204"
8141,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice used as a drink.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8107,752,Carex sp.,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pith juice used as beverage.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
7918,704,Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
7916,704,Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
7855,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,76,Flathead,30,h92,14,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Boiled and used as a sweet, hot beverage.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14"
7338,586,Bidens amplectens Sherff,95,Hopi,126,vest40,168,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make coffee.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 168"
7335,585,Betula sp.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make tea.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
7107,576,Betula lenta L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,148,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs steeped into a beverage.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 148"
7087,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap and maple sap used for a pleasant beverage drink.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
7071,573,Beta vulgaris L.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,65,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bulbs used to make wine.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 65"
6918,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,117,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice from the stems sucked when thirsty.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117"
6803,536,Baccharis sarothroides Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds steeped and used as tea-like drinks for refreshment.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
5604,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,155,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155"
5107,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young stems boiled to make a non-intoxicating beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53"
4701,349,Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. mariposa (Dudley) P.V. Wells,140,Mewuk,109,m66,336,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make cider.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 336"
4698,348,Arctostaphylos viscida Parry,144,Miwok,100,bg33,161,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries crushed for sweet, unfermented cider.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161"
4692,348,Arctostaphylos viscida Parry,140,Mewuk,109,m66,336,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make cider.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 336"
4677,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,493,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young stems boiled and drunk as a tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493"
4512,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,27,Beverage,Crushed leaves used to make tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4501,346,Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,161,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries crushed for sweet, unfermented cider.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161"
4497,346,Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,377,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make cider.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 377"
4488,345,Arctostaphylos sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,46,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make a drink.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 46"
4483,345,Arctostaphylos sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,252,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit steeped in cold water to produce a cider.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
4476,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,284,Yavapai,201,g32,213,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fresh or stored pulverized berries put in mouth, solid matter spat out and juice sucked. Sometimes the liquid was expressed by squeezing the moistened pulverized mass with the two hands.","Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 213"
4475,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,284,Yavapai,48,g36,256,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make a beverage.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256"
4460,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,1,Food,27,Beverage,Mashed fruit mixed with water and strained into a drink.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4456,342,Arctostaphylos pumila Nutt.,51,Costanoan (Olhonean),109,m66,373,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make cider.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 373"
4452,341,Arctostaphylos pringlei Parry,157,Navajo,121,l86,23,1,Food,27,Beverage,Crushed berries used to make a beverage.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 23"
4438,340,Arctostaphylos patula Greene,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,138,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries made into cakes and eaten plain or put into water and drunk. Cider was made by adding water to pounded berries and was conveyed to the mouth with a deertail sop.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 138"
4422,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,105,Karok,71,sg52,388,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make a drink.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
4421,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,105,Karok,70,b81,18,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries pulverized and made into a drink.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4416,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,85,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Ripe fruits crushed, strained and used to make cider.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 85"
4406,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,144,Miwok,100,bg33,161,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries crushed for sweet, unfermented cider.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161"
4396,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,375,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ripe berries used to make cider.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
4389,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,105,Karok,71,sg52,388,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make a drink.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
4385,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries used to make a beverage. Berries were covered with a thin layer of dirt and sifted in a yaduci so that the dirt fell through. Then they were sprinkled with water, kneaded with the hands, mashed and soaked 'in the sun' for about a half day.  The yaduci was used as a sieve to remove the berry pulp from the infusion which could be drunk thus or mixed with chia.  Water could be drained through the berry pulp a second time.  The liquid was said to be sweet and fattening.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
4371,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,1,Food,27,Beverage,Mashed fruit mixed with water and strained into a drink.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4352,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,1,Food,27,Beverage,Mashed fruit mixed with water and strained into a drink.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4339,333,Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw.,105,Karok,71,sg52,388,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make a drink.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
4210,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,144,Miwok,100,bg33,161,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries crushed for sweet, unfermented cider.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161"
4059,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dark berries fermented in cold water and used to make a wine.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
4054,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
4044,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,96,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits used to make wine.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 96"
4012,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots boiled and used as a beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
4007,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make wine.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 115"
3976,309,Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,174,1,Food,27,Beverage,Infusion of plant used as a beverage.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 174"
3671,283,Anthemis sp.,157,Navajo,121,l86,20,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried plant used to make tea.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 20"
3325,247,Androsace sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,22,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves steeped in water to make a beverage.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
3281,238,Andromeda polifolia var. glaucophylla (Link) DC.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried leaves and tips boiled for a beverage tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
3280,237,Andromeda polifolia L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,8,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8"
3237,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,68,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flowers used to scent alcohol.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 68"
3185,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,172,Oglala,17,g19,93,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a hot tea.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93"
3038,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
2990,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,9,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits used to make wine.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9"
2989,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make wine.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
2979,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,125,Lakota,156,k90,36,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Petals, leaves and small stems used to make a drink.","Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 36"
2932,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,176,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176"
2931,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,34,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a red beverage tea.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34"
2689,180,Aloysia wrightii Heller ex Abrams,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs boiled to make tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
2688,180,Aloysia wrightii Heller ex Abrams,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,238,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled into tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 238"
2012,130,Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,36,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground seed flour and water made into a drink.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 36"
2009,128,Alisma plantago-aquatica L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,65,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant made into a tea and used by forest runners.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 65"
1868,97,Agave utahensis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
1864,96,Agave sp.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,259,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaf stubs and heads pounded to express juice and used as a drink.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259"
1854,96,Agave sp.,157,Navajo,195,b65,94,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice squeezed from baked fibers and drunk.,"Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 94"
1842,96,Agave sp.,89,Havasupai,37,w39,71,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves and young buds baked, soaked in water and used as a drink.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
1816,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Juice strained and mixed with 'tiswin water,' a liquor of fermented maize.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1815,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Juice strained and mixed with 'tiswin water,' a liquor of fermented maize.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1814,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice fermented into a drink.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1813,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice fermented into a drink.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1812,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flower stalk baked and chewed for juice.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1811,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flower stalk baked and chewed for juice.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1810,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Crowns cooked, fermented in a vessel, ground, boiled and the liquor again fermented.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1809,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Crowns cooked, fermented in a vessel, ground, boiled and the liquor again fermented.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1789,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Juice strained and mixed with 'tiswin water,' a liquor of fermented maize.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1788,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice fermented into a drink.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1787,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flower stalk baked and chewed for juice.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1786,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Crowns cooked, fermented in a vessel, ground, boiled and the liquor again fermented.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1752,90,Agave decipiens Baker,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,155,1,Food,27,Beverage,Heart and tubers used to make a fermented drink.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155"
1728,89,Agave americana L.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,145,1,Food,27,Beverage,"'Hearts' and roots pit baked, crushed and fermented into an intoxicating beverage.","Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 145"
1693,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,280,Winnebago,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1691,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1689,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1687,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1686,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,125,Lakota,108,r80,49,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 49"
1684,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,61,Dakota,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1683,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves added to store bought tea to improve the flavor.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"
1676,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,186,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186"
1330,55,Acorus calamus L.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
752,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and flowers used to make a pleasant tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
708,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,92,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Maple sap, as it came from the tree, drunk by children.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92"
702,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,394,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Sap saved to drink as it comes from the tree, alone or mixed with box elder or birch sap.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394"
697,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
686,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Sap, thimbleberries and water used to make a drink for home consumption and longhouse ceremonies.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
685,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,52,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap made into sugar and used to make beer.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 52"
684,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,146,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap fermented and used as an intoxicant.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 146"
651,34,Acer saccharinum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Sap, thimbleberries and water used to make a drink for home consumption and longhouse ceremonies.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
650,34,Acer saccharinum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,146,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap fermented and used as an intoxicant.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 146"
593,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
560,27,Acer negundo L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,394,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap mixed with the sap of the sugar maple and used as a beverage.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394"
211,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branch tips sometimes steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
192,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, made into a drink.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
93,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"