id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
178,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,18,Other,Branch tips chewed for allergies caused by water hemlock.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
289,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,18,Other,Branch tips chewed for allergies caused by water hemlock.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
338,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,18,Other,Gum or mashed cones taken for many serious ailments.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
871,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used like an antibiotic.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
957,38,Achillea millefolium L.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a bath for invalids.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
1558,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,18,Other,Given for 'sudden paralytic attacks as in bad pneumonia of children.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
1591,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,54,2,Drug,18,Other,Herb used for fits and taken as an 'agreeable decoction.',"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54"
1928,109,Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,357,2,Drug,18,Other,"Infusion given to children for diarrhea, 'summer complaint' and vomiting.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357"
2007,128,Alisma plantago-aquatica L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Raw root chewed to strengthen veins.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 272"
2865,200,Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene,133,Makah,3,g83,323,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as medicine for healing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 323"
3270,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,97,2,Drug,18,Other,Plants rubbed on the hands to soften them for handling or touching sick people.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 97"
3403,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,193,Pima,11,c49,78,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for 'bad disease.',"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 78"
3416,256,Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.) Miers,228,Seminole,88,s54,271,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of roots taken and used as a wash for chronic sickness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 271"
3417,256,Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.) Miers,228,Seminole,88,s54,248,2,Drug,18,Other,"Decoction of roots used by men for menstruation sickness: painful abdominal swelling and impotence. If a man has sexual intercourse with a woman during her menstrual period, the results were more serious than the other menstruation sickness.  A doctor would never do this, as it would damage the 'medicine' which he has in his body.  Other men were, sometimes, willing to take the risk.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 248"
3441,259,Angelica atropurpurea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,400,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of roots used as steam bath for frostbite and exposure.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"
3482,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of roots applied for a disorder characterized by sore groins and underarms.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
3587,269,Angelica tomentosa S. Wats.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,20,2,Drug,18,Other,Root shavings smoked by the shaman when doctoring.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 20"
3654,282,Anthemis cotula L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,472,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plants given to children and adults for 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 472"
3655,282,Anthemis cotula L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,471,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plants given to children with 'red spots.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471"
3836,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,36,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for immersion in cold water.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 36"
3877,298,Apocynum sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,18,Other,"Snuff of dried, pulverized root used to cause sneezing for 'relieving the head.'","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
5064,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used as a bath for mother and father after childbirth.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
5397,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,353,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant worn around the neck by orphans after parents death to keep the ghost away & prevent sickness.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 353"
5439,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,28,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant placed in shoes to keep feet from sweating.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
6093,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,12,2,Drug,18,Other,"Powdered, dried roots inhaled to cause sneezing.","Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12"
6132,434,Asclepias incarnata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,417,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of roots taken and used as wash for stricture.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 417"
6296,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,416,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of roots taken for stricture.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 416"
6345,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,416,2,Drug,18,Other,"Infusion of roots used as a wash for arms, shoulders and body for lifting.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 416"
6441,459,Aster sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,133,2,Drug,18,Other,Moxa of burned stems used over affected part.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 133"
6455,465,Astragalus calycosus var. scaposus (Gray) M.E. Jones,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,27,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a lotion for illness from exposure.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 27"
6534,489,Astragalus pattersonii Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,27,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for sore throats or swollen neck.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 27"
6603,501,Atriplex argentea Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,2,Drug,18,Other,Cold infusion used for sickness from drinking bad water and to purify water.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
6746,522,Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion taken while fasting for four days for apoplexy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
6748,523,Aureolaria laevigata (Raf.) Raf.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion taken while fasting for four days for apoplexy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
6750,524,Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion taken while fasting for four days for apoplexy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
6817,539,Bacopa caroliniana (Walt.) B.L. Robins.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of leaves taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
7051,569,Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of stems taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
7083,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,55,2,Drug,18,Other,Wood used as a hot-water bottle.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55"
7404,605,Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,18,Other,Used as a demulcent.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
7548,626,Brickellia eupatorioides var. eupatorioides,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,52,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of root taken for old injury or cough.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52"
7673,665,Callicarpa americana L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,52,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of roots taken during attacks of dizziness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 52"
7921,707,Camissonia multijuga (S. Wats.) Raven,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,33,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used for injuries by water or hail or dreaming of it.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 33"
8032,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,100,Iroquois,7,h77,341,2,Drug,18,Other,Cold infusion of plant taken for 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 341"
8092,749,Carex platyphylla Carey,100,Iroquois,7,h77,274,2,Drug,18,Other,"Used several ways to 'wash the snowsnake,' a snowsnake medicine.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 274"
8132,755,Carex vulpinoidea Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,275,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of roots used as a 'rooster fighting medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 275"
8244,758,Carpinus caroliniana Walt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,299,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound used for 'big injuries.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 299"
8603,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,382,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of dried roots given to children with 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 382"
8688,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of leaves taken for diagnosis and certain results mean certain things.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
8755,820,Celastrus scandens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,376,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of roots used as a wash on lips of bad children.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 376"
8846,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,247,2,Drug,18,Other,"Decoction of roots taken for menstruation sickness: yellow eyes and skin, weakness and shaking head. If a man has sexual intercourse with a woman during her menstrual period, the results were more serious than the other menstruation sickness.  A doctor would never do this, as it would damage the 'medicine' which he has in his body.  Other men were, sometimes, willing to take the risk.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 247"
9148,864,Chamaesaracha coronopus (Dunal) Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,41,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound containing plant used in cases of drowning.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 41"
9311,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,253,Swinomish,25,g73,41,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of whole plants used as a bath for invalids.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
9903,949,Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus,100,Iroquois,7,h77,391,2,Drug,18,Other,"Compound infusion taken and used as wash on injured part, a 'Little Water Medicine.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 391"
10193,1013,Clematis baldwinii var. baldwinii,228,Seminole,88,s54,303,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used for sunstroke.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 303"
10260,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plant used to bathe babies if they seemed to take after animals or deceased people.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10428,1040,Cocos nucifera L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,73,2,Drug,18,Other,Young meat applied as a rub for the brain.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73"
10504,1054,Commelina erecta var. angustifolia (Michx.) Fern.,228,Seminole,88,s54,303,2,Drug,18,Other,Mucilaginous sap used to soothe irritations.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 303"
10721,1079,Coreopsis leavenworthii Torr. & Gray,228,Seminole,88,s54,303,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used for heat prostration.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 303"
11104,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,96,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of inner bark and chokecherry bark or alder bark taken to heal the body.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96"
11175,1108,Corydalis curvisiliqua ssp. occidentalis (Engelm. ex Gray) W.A. Weber,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for injuries.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
11592,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,57,2,Drug,18,Other,"Dried gourds used to make ladles, syringes for feminine hygiene and rattles.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 57"
12049,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,35,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a medicine against an enemy.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35"
12098,1240,Datura discolor Bernh.,193,Pima,11,c49,85,2,Drug,18,Other,Roots chewed to become crazy for 'bad disease.',"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 85"
12133,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used to diagnose ailments and permitted the shamans to 'see' the pain or disease.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12134,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used to divine cures for diseases.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12174,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,95,Hopi,37,w39,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Used to cure meanness.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 37"
12219,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,183,Paiute,65,stew33,318,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant enabled one to ascertain one's life span and 'whose days were numbered.',"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 318"
12220,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,183,Paiute,65,stew33,318,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant taken to find lost objects and remember where things were hidden.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 318"
12237,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,286,Yokut,109,m66,423,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of roots taken for many different diseases.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 423"
12511,1298,Diervilla lonicera P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,45,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of twigs used for vertigo.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 45"
12654,1326,Draba helleriana Greene,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,42,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant made into a drink and taken when not feeling well.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
12737,1346,Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,33,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant smoked for epileptic fits.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
12761,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,61,Dakota,17,g19,131,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used in the steambath to 'render the great heat endurable.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12769,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,125,Lakota,108,r80,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant chewed for over perspiring.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 37"
12786,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used in the steambath to 'render the great heat endurable.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12797,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used in the steambath to 'render the great heat endurable.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12807,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used in the steambath to 'render the great heat endurable.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12822,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,131,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used in the steambath to 'render the great heat endurable.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12876,1355,Echinocactus williamsii Lem.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,318,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for alcohol addiction.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 318"
13034,1383,Elymus canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,274,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of plants taken for stricture.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 274"
13040,1385,Elymus glaucus Buckl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,380,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a medicine to settle quarrels between families or individuals.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
13131,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,70,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of fresh or dried twigs used to 'clear the system.',"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 70"
13178,1406,Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,76,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as antileuretic.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76"
13279,1419,Epipactis gigantea Dougl. ex Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,17,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for general body disease.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 17"
13417,1423,Equisetum hyemale var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eat.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,262,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plant taken for backache or 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 262"
13673,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a medicine for 'drinking and bathing.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13765,1479,Erigeron peregrinus ssp. callianthemus (Greene) Cronq.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,187,2,Drug,18,Other,"Infusion of dried, pulverized roots, stems and flowers used as a steambath or taken for dizziness.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 187"
13950,1494,Eriogonum alatum Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of powdered root taken after a fall and relieve general misery.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 49"
13959,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,18,Other,Mild or medium decoction taken for general indisposition.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13971,1497,Eriogonum annuum Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,23,2,Drug,18,Other,Cold infusion taken or used as lotion for sickness from swallowing an ant.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"
14036,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,18,Other,Mild or medium decoction taken for general indisposition.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14156,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,18,Other,Mild or medium decoction taken for general indisposition.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14418,1574,Euonymus americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
14439,1577,Euonymus obovata Nutt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,375,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of plants taken for stricture caused by bad blood.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 375"
14443,1578,Euonymus sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,374,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction taken for stricture caused by a menstruating woman.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 374"
14453,1579,Eupatorium maculatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"41, 42",2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of root used as a wash 'after becoming sick from odor of corpse.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41, 42"
14504,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,457,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of roots taken for stricture caused by menstruating girls.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 457"
14553,1582,Eupatorium purpureum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"41, 42",2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of root used as a wash 'after becoming sick from odor of corpse.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41, 42"
14571,1583,Eupatorium purpureum var. purpureum,100,Iroquois,7,h77,455,2,Drug,18,Other,"Compound infusion used as wash on injured parts, a 'Little Water Medicine.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 455"
14755,1615,Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev,100,Iroquois,7,h77,273,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound used as a 'corn medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 273"
15249,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,413,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of bark taken for stricture.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413"
15435,1676,Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,48,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for the effects of immersion.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48"
15689,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of leaves taken as a convalescent tea.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
15798,1722,Geranium atropurpureum Heller,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,29,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for over exertion.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 29"
15851,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,18,Other,"Infusion of leaves applied to the head and eaten for large head, from dropsy or severe malnutrition. Two cases were described of a young girl and a woman whose heads became abnormally large, as with dropsy or severe malnutrition.  An infusion of the leaves was applied to the head and consumed, effecting temporary recovery, but both lost their hair and died later.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
16068,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used for some sicknesses.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
16365,1789,Gymnocarpium disjunctum (Rupr.) Ching,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,18,Other,Used as a demulcent.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
16442,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,120,2,Drug,18,Other,Dried seeds used in a test to tell whether sick person would recover.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 120"
16607,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,2,Drug,18,Other,Salve of pulverized seed and root used on injury from horse falling on person.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
16665,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,324,2,Drug,18,Other,Used as a spider medicine.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 324"
16755,1849,Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark,100,Iroquois,7,h77,328,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of roots given to children with 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 328"
16756,1849,Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark,100,Iroquois,7,h77,328,2,Drug,18,Other,Roots used to tell fortune.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 328"
16762,1849,Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,239,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of root taken and used as a wash for twisted mouth or crossed eyes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 239"
16771,1850,Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,74,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of root and leaves taken for vertigo.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 74"
17556,1939,Hylotelephium telephium ssp. telephium,100,Iroquois,7,h77,343,2,Drug,18,Other,Rubbed on paralyzed face.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 343"
17578,1944,Hymenopappus filifolius var. lugens (Greene) Jepson,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,48,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for illness caused by lunar eclipse.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48"
17726,1979,Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray,100,Iroquois,7,h77,373,2,Drug,18,Other,Taken to retain vigor.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 373"
17896,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,419,2,Drug,18,Other,"Compound infusion taken or injured parts washed, a 'Little Water Medicine.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 419"
18427,2054,Juniperus communis L.,6,Algonquin,202,b36,142,2,Drug,18,Other,"Used for 'cold' conditions, since plant was regarded as 'hot.'","Bradley, Will T., 1936, Medical Practices of the New England Aborigines, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 25(2):138-147, page 142"
18863,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,95,Hopi,37,w39,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Misbehaving youngsters held in a blanket over a smoldering fire of plant.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 37"
18935,2061,Juniperus pinchotii Sudsworth,48,Comanche,143,j68,3,2,Drug,18,Other,Dried leaves sprinkled on live coals and smoke inhaled for vertigo.,"Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 3"
19008,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of branch tips and needles considered a good emergency medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19053,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant considered effective in combating evil 'spirits' associated with illness and death.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19169,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,234,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of leaves taken by convalescent patients.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 234"
19199,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,30,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of bark taken for summer complaint (summer cholera).,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30"
19223,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,260,2,Drug,18,Other,Leaves burned for ghost sickness: dizziness and staggering.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 260"
19513,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of bark 'drives out inflammation and generates heat.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
19532,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"69, 70",2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of bark taken to drive out inflammation and to warm body.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 69, 70"
19929,2137,Lepidium montanum Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,24,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for palpitations and dizziness.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 24"
19962,2146,Lespedeza sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,364,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of plant taken for stricture caused by bad blood.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 364"
20004,2156,Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D. Don,32,Cherokee,115,t40,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of leaves rubbed into scratches made on legs as preliminary treatment.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 49"
20181,2173,Licania michauxii Prance,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of leaves and roots taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
20217,2177,Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,64,2,Drug,18,Other,"Roots burned and smoke used for unconsciousness, trances or 'possession' by spirits.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64"
20453,2210,Liquidambar styraciflua L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,2,Drug,18,Other,Gum used as drawing plaster and compound infusion of bark taken for bad disease.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
20463,2210,Liquidambar styraciflua L.,116,Koasati,115,t40,26,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of bark taken for 'night sickness.',"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 26"
20653,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,452,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of plants taken for stricture caused by menstruating women.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 452"
20654,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,452,2,Drug,18,Other,"Decoction of roots, plants and blossoms taken for cramps.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 452"
20655,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,453,2,Drug,18,Other,"Infusion of roots taken or washed on injured parts, 'Little Water Medicine.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 453"
20672,2222,Lobelia inflata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,18,Other,Smoked 'to break tobacco habit.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
20683,2222,Lobelia inflata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,455,2,Drug,18,Other,Cold infusion of whole plant used as a divining agent.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 455"
20706,2225,Lobelia sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,451,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for 'divining sickness.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 451"
20740,2232,Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,44,2,Drug,18,Other,"Root dried, ground and smoked in a pipe for severe colds; this occasionally caused dizziness.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 44"
20779,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,66,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion or decoction of roots taken for some general illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 66"
20838,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used to make a scent for a sick person.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
21396,2312,Luzula sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,279,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction used to increase strength to physically punish one of bewitchment.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 279"
21536,2331,Lycopus virginicus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,18,Other,Chewed root given to infants to give them eloquence of speech.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
21625,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,18,Other,Leaves used in a sweatbath for undefined sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21668,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,221,Samish,25,g73,22,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of roots used as a wash for invalids.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
21679,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,253,Swinomish,25,g73,22,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of roots used as a wash for invalids.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
21686,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,2,Drug,18,Other,Roots used in a steam for stroke.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21826,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,38,2,Drug,18,Other,"Fruits, if eaten, caused diarrhea.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21830,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,32,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant chewed for sickness that occurred during hunting when approached by a dying deer.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
22088,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,100,Iroquois,7,h77,283,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of roots used as a 'rooster fighting medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 283"
22329,2397,Malva neglecta Wallr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,36,2,Drug,18,Other,Cold infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for injury or swelling.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36"
22336,2398,Malva nicaeensis All.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,8,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plant taken for migraine headaches.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 8"
22731,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,2,Drug,18,Other,"Plant chewed or infusion of entire plant, except root, taken to keep cool.","Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
22824,2445,Mentha spicata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,427,2,Drug,18,Other,"Compound infusion used as wash on injured parts, a 'Little Water Medicine.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 427"
22856,2442,Mentha ?piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica ? spicata],100,Iroquois,7,h77,428,2,Drug,18,Other,"Compound infusion used as wash on injured parts, a 'Little Water Medicine.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 428"
23340,2509,Monarda sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,426,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of roots given to children with 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 426"
23341,2509,Monarda sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,426,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used in 'Little Water Medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 426"
23584,2561,Myriophyllum verticillatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,391,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of plants used as a 'snowsnake medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 391"
23664,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,423,2,Drug,18,Other,Cold infusion of plants taken for fever and 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 423"
23681,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,372,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of leaves used to bathe a patient to raise the body temperature.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372"
23896,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for infanticide and suicide.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23926,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,18,Other,"Compound used for apoplexy, dizziness and fainting.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
23927,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,56,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of leaves rubbed in scratches made on the patient for apoplexy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56"
23966,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,18,Other,"Compound used for apoplexy, dizziness and fainting.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
24059,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,100,Iroquois,7,h77,319,2,Drug,18,Other,Cold infusion of roots used as a 'ghost medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 319"
24111,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,114,2,Drug,18,Other,Large rhizomes placed in hot water and liquid taken to prevent sickness during epidemics.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
24176,2601,Nymphoides cordata (Ell.) Fern.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of roots taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
24189,2604,Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark used for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
24440,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction taken continuously for rupture.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24918,2686,Orobanche sp.,157,Navajo,141,h56,153,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for infections.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 153"
25104,2702,Osmunda regalis L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of roots taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
25150,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,133,Makah,25,g73,39,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plants taken for 'summer complaint.',"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
25172,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,365,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant taken for 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 365"
25345,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,18,Other,Root used as a tonic and expectorant and for palsy and vertigo.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
25431,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,44,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of roots rubbed into scratches made for apoplexy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 44"
25432,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,18,Other,"Taken for 'nervous debility, dyspepsia and apoplexy.'","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
25544,2757,Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,382,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of bark taken for stricture caused by menstruating woman.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 382"
25785,2789,Pellaea mucronata ssp. mucronata,144,Miwok,100,bg33,171,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion taken as a spring medicine.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 171"
25961,2827,Peperomia sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,13,2,Drug,18,Other,Stems and other ingredients pounded and the resulting liquid taken for wasting away of the body.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 13"
26134,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,306,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of leaves taken and rubbed on the body for 'mythical wolf' sickness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 306"
26135,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,260,2,Drug,18,Other,Leaves burned for ghost sickness: dizziness and staggering.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 260"
26425,2878,Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Sm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of tuberous roots taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
26584,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,273,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound used as a 'corn medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 273"
26802,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound used for 'white swelling.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
27210,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,18,Other,Branch tips rubbed to cleanse person contaminated with menstrual blood.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27578,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,35,2,Drug,18,Other,"Fresh, white pitch burned to purify the air.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35"
27651,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,18,Other,Compound containing inner bark used for injuries.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27736,2962,Pinus glabra Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Skim turpentine off root decoction and use on deer's skin for drawing plaster.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28161,2976,Pinus sp.,32,Cherokee,105,w47,74,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of root used on deerskin for a 'drawing plaster.',"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74"
28211,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,267,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound used as a sugar medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 267"
28284,2979,Pinus virginiana P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Skim turpentine off root decoction and use on deer's skin for drawing plaster.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28573,3017,Platanus occidentalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
28759,3042,Polygala lutea L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of whole plant taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
28781,3046,Polygala senega L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,18,Other,Used for 'inflammatory complaints' and swellings.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
28806,3047,Polygala verticillata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion taken for 'summer complaint.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
28807,3047,Polygala verticillata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,369,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant given to babies with 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 369"
29016,3078,Polypodium incanum Sw.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of leaves taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
29604,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,76,Flathead,30,h92,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of bark used for ruptures.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37"
29877,3139,Prenanthes aspera Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a 'secernant' (which induces secretion).,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
30136,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of gum applied as a lotion for 'bad disease.',"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
31563,3219,Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC.,228,Seminole,88,s54,271,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of roots used for chronic sickness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 271"
31564,3219,Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC.,228,Seminole,88,s54,304,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant taken for beaver sickness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 304"
31719,3231,Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,126-128,2,Drug,18,Other,Bundle of inner bark strips sucked and decoction of leaf used as a wash for milk leg.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 126-128"
32160,3268,Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,302,2,Drug,18,Other,Used as a 'sugar medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 302"
32443,3289,Quercus sp.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,38,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of bark and elm bark taken for ruptures caused by violence.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 38"
32718,3316,Ranunculus repens L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,71,2,Drug,18,Other,Chewed leaves swallowed for general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
32863,3340,Rhododendron maximum L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of leaves rubbed into scratches made on legs as preliminary treatment.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 49"
32931,3347,Rhus glabra L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,659,2,Drug,18,Other,Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked for 'all cephalic and pectoral complaints.',"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 659"
32943,3347,Rhus glabra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used to 'purify' the body and mind.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"
32969,3347,Rhus glabra L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of branches with seed heads used as bathing water for frost bitten limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
33320,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,346,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of bark taken for fortune telling or divination.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 346"
33321,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,346,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of leaves taken by women hurting inside from lifting.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 346"
33493,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,84,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of roots rubbed on the skin for a charley horse.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33568,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,84,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of roots rubbed on the skin for a charley horse.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33581,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,469,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of roots and scraped stems taken for 'general indisposition.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469"
33624,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,84,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of roots rubbed on the skin for a charley horse.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33698,3392,Ribes rotundifolium Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,345,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of bark taken for fortune telling or divination.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 345"
34306,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,100,Iroquois,7,h77,357,2,Drug,18,Other,Root used for 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357"
34406,3446,Rubus cuneifolius Pursh,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of roots taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
34633,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,96,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of leaves or root taken for weak bowels.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 96"
35064,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,75,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of the entire vine taken for a general sick feeling.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
35741,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,247,2,Drug,18,Other,"Decoction of bark taken for menstruation sickness: yellow eyes and skin, weakness and shaking head. If a man has sexual intercourse with a woman during her menstrual period, the results were more serious than the other menstruation sickness.  A doctor would never do this, as it would damage the 'medicine' which he has in his body.  Other men were, sometimes, willing to take the risk.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 247"
35742,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,305,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for lightning sickness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 305"
35898,3533,Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs,228,Seminole,88,s54,103,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used to make a medicine and given to students in medical training.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 103"
36163,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of root taken for dropsy and 'deer sickness.',"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36369,3555,Salvia apiana Jepson,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,39,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of leaves taken for a serious case of poison oak that 'has entered the blood.',"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 39"
36416,3559,Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan,95,Hopi,37,w39,91,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a 'deer medicine.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 91"
36440,3559,Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,136137,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plant tops used as a wash for swollen leg veins.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 136137"
36492,3564,Sambucus nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction taken for 'summer complaint.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
36653,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction taken for 'summer complaint.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
36997,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,335,2,Drug,18,Other,Cold infusion of roots taken for sickness caught from a menstruating girl.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 335"
36998,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,336,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of smashed roots taken for hiccoughs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 336"
37300,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,228,Seminole,88,s54,306,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant taken and rubbed on the body for 'mythical wolf' sickness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 306"
37325,3591,Saururus cernuus L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of whole plant taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
37361,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,41,Clallam,99,f80,201,2,Drug,18,Other,Used to suck out the cause of an illness.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201"
37662,3642,Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkl.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,27,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant taken by women for 'lockjaw' after childbirth.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 27"
37984,3677,Silene laciniata Cav.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,69,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used as a reducing medicine.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 69"
38108,3695,Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,288,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound with plant used for 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 288"
38155,3704,Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex Small,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for rheumatism and 'white swelling.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
38164,3706,Smilax auriculata Walt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of buds and leaves taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
38165,3706,Smilax auriculata Walt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of buds taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
38169,3707,Smilax bona-nox L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,667,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant moistened and rubbed on face to make one young.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667"
38182,3709,Smilax glauca Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38191,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38221,3712,Smilax pseudochina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38230,3713,Smilax rotundifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38317,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,431,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for injured person who had relapse.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 431"
38392,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,461,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a 'gambling medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 461"
38455,3741,Solidago rugosa P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,461,2,Drug,18,Other,"Decoction of flowers and leaves taken for dizziness, weakness or sunstroke.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 461"
38516,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,106,2,Drug,18,Other,Gum used as a cure for the opium habit.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38647,3772,Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,31,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for hydrophobia.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31"
38724,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,133,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of branches taken for ruptures.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 133"
38952,3837,Stillingia sylvatica ssp. sylvatica,228,Seminole,88,s54,247,2,Drug,18,Other,"Decoction of roots taken for menstruation sickness: yellow eyes and skin, weakness and shaking head. If a man has sexual intercourse with a woman during her menstrual period, the results were more serious than the other menstruation sickness.  A doctor would never do this, as it would damage the 'medicine' which he has in his body.  Other men were, sometimes, willing to take the risk.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 247"
39217,3878,Symphyotrichum simmondsii (Small) Nesom,228,Seminole,88,s54,303,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used for sunstroke.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 303"
39283,3887,Tagetes micrantha Cav.,157,Navajo,74,e44,89,2,Drug,18,Other,Plants used for 'summer complaint.',"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89"
39296,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,190,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of leaves and blossoms taken for weakness and dizziness.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 190"
39581,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,122,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as one of the ingredients of 'the thirty-two medicine.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 122"
39684,3918,Tetraneuris argentea (Gray) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,18,Other,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for emergency treatment of injuries.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
39710,3922,Thalictrum dioicum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,327,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used to 'make you crazy.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 327"
39936,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of leaves used externally for swollen neck.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
40309,3957,Tiarella cordifolia L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,345,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of dried roots given to children with 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 345"
40349,3959,Tilia americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,384,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used for severe injuries.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384"
40723,4023,Trillium sessile L.,273,Wailaki,89,c02,329,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plant taken to prevent deep and lasting sleep.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 329"
40726,4023,Trillium sessile L.,287,Yuki,89,c02,329,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plant taken to prevent deep and lasting sleep.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 329"
40776,4029,Tripterocalyx carnea var. wootonii (Standl.) L.A. Gal.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,2,Drug,18,Other,Cold infusion of plant used for injury from falling off a horse.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
40958,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,18,Other,Inner bark used for elimination of hard or sharp swallowed objects.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40991,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,44,2,Drug,18,Other,"Decoction or infusion of bark, from inside of a crevice, taken for phlebitis.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"
41290,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,390,2,Drug,18,Other,Fruit fuzz used as a war medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390"
41451,4051,Ulmus americana L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,40,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of bark used for ruptures caused by exaggerated efforts.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 40"
41695,4058,Urtica dioica L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,18,Other,Moxa of plant fiber used to cauterize the skin for various ailments.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
42382,4087,Vaccinium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,411,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction of plants taken for stricture.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 411"
42561,4096,Valeriana sp.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,349,2,Drug,18,Other,Root salve applied to limbs for edema.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 349"
42665,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,18,Other,Smoke used to assist the spirits of sleepwalkers to return to their bodies.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42875,4108,Verbena hastata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,422,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of whole plant taken for 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 422"
43342,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43428,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43472,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43491,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,18,Other,Vines chewed for hiccoughs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
43529,4185,Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of leaves taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
44339,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"51, 52",2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of berries taken for minor maladies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 51, 52"
44622,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,38,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used as a bath for excessive sweating.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"