id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
77,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used for waterproofing seams in canoes.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
4689,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Mashed berries rubbed on the inside of coiled cedar root baskets to waterproof them. The berries were used to waterproof baskets such as those used for whipping soapberries.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
8534,797,Castilleja sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,111,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Flowers used to shine and waterproof hides.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 111"
9265,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Flowers rubbed on rawhide thongs and mittens for waterproofing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
13098,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,"Gumlike secretions formerly smeared on tall, slender water bottles.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
15419,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Flower heads rubbed on rawhide bags for waterproofing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
21560,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Stems used to waterproof newly tanned buffalo hides.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
26008,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Plant rubbed on arrows for shine and waterproofing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
26971,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used for waterproofing seams in canoes.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
27111,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used for waterproofing seams in canoes.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
27242,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,"Pitch used to waterproof boxes. These boxes were used only for cold materials, as hot water would melt the pitch.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27384,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,113,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch from the cones used to waterproof sewn seams.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 113"
27398,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Resin boiled with buffalo phallus and applied to moccasins for waterproofing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27535,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,35,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Resin used for waterproofing woven water jugs.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35"
27542,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used to waterproof baskets.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27545,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,150,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch warmed and applied inside and out to waterproof water jugs.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 150"
27559,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to waterproof basketry water jugs and basketry drinking cups.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27574,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,95,Hopi,37,w39,63,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used in waterproofing and repairing pottery vessels.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63"
27575,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,347,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to prevent absorption of moisture and warping.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27576,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,347,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to waterproof and repair pottery vessels.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27587,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,35,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Melted pitch used for waterproofing baskets.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35"
27639,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,21,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,"Gum used to make water bottles water tight. The gum was heated and poured into the jar, and by turning the jar, the melted gum was brought in contact with the entire inner surface, after which the surplus was poured off.  The outside was also covered with the gum to which a red clay had been added so that the bottle, when finished, had a reddish hue.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21"
27640,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,157,Navajo,141,h56,162,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Resin used to waterproof containers.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 162"
27687,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,257,Tewa,82,c74,347,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to prevent absorption of moisture and warping.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27688,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,257,Tewa,82,c74,347,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to waterproof and repair pottery vessels.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27689,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,258,Tewa of Hano,61,rhf16,41,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Resin used to mend cracked water jars.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 41"
27790,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used to waterproof baskets.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27817,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to waterproof basketry water jugs and basketry drinking cups.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27824,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,95,Hopi,37,w39,63,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used in waterproofing and repairing pottery vessels.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63"
27835,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,50,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Hot pitch applied to waterproof the inside and outside of a basketry water bottle.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50"
28028,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,183,Paiute,98,m53,40,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Melted pitch used to waterproof the outside of water jugs woven of willow.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40"
28062,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used to waterproof moccasins and other items.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28100,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Resin boiled twice and added to tallow to make a serviceable waterproof pitch.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28170,2976,Pinus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,23,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to make water bottles water tight.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23"
28257,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch from boiled cones and resin used for caulking and waterproofing.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
36808,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Fruit or flower glue used to waterproof cedar bark rain hats.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
41064,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,209,Quileute,25,g73,17,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,"Bark finely chopped, boiled and the juice applied to baskets to make them water tight.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41364,4049,Typha latifolia L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,114,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Leaves sewn together to make a wind-proof and waterproof side mat to be applied to the wigwam.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114"
43820,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,"Dried leaves boiled with gum, hardened, powdered, mixed with water & used to waterproof baskets.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
44261,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Leaf pitch used for waterproofing baskets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"