id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
707,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,37,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Inner bark used as an expectorant.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37"
2052,138,Allium canadense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
2216,157,Allium sativum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
2311,166,Allium vineale L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant .,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
4090,319,Aralia racemosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Taken as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
4104,319,Aralia racemosa L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Berries and root used as an expectorant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
4806,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
5791,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,45,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Leaves chewed and swallowed as an expectorant.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45"
6333,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant and taken for pleurisy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
7411,605,Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.,35,Chickasaw,138,c51,288289,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Decoction of root used as an emetic and plant used as an expectorant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288289"
7823,692,Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,109,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,"Infusion of dried or fresh, peeled bark used to cough up the phlegm in the chest.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 109"
9614,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"29, 74",2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Compound containing plant taken to help remove mucous from the lungs.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 74"
9959,960,Cirsium horridulum Michx.,96,Houma,49,speck41,57,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Infusion of leaf and root in whiskey taken to clear phlegm from lungs and throat.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57"
10520,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"29, 76",2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Infusion of plant taken to help remove mucous from the lungs.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 76"
13837,1487,Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"71, 72",2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Decoction of leaves or plant tops used as an expectorant for lungs or tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 71, 72"
13845,1487,Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"71, 72",2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Decoction of leaves or plant tops used as an expectorant for lungs or tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 71, 72"
13897,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,200,Pomo,111,m90,38,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Infusion of gummy leaf taken as an expectorant.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
14236,1550,Eryngium aquaticum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Root used as a powerful expectorant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
14415,1574,Euonymus americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
14603,1590,Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
15494,1685,Galium circaezans Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
16025,1757,Glycyrrhiza glabra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
16171,1776,Grindelia nana Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"81, 82",2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"
16180,1776,Grindelia nana Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"81, 82",2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"
16237,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"81, 82",2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"
16248,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"81, 82",2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"
16472,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Decoction taken as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
17876,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Taken as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
19521,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,150,Montagnais,120,b44,14,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Infusion of buds and bark taken as an expectorant.,"Burgesse, J. Allen, 1944, The Woman and the Child Among the Lac-St.-Jean Montagnais, Primitive Man 17:1-18, page 14"
20165,2171,Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Root used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
23731,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,124,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,"Dried, salty stalk strips sucked for colds with sore throats and to clear mucus.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 124"
23922,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
23962,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
25341,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Root used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
26610,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,116,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 116"
26829,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,316,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Plant used as an expectorant.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 316"
27577,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,35,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Decoction of inner bark taken as an expectorant tea.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35"
28779,3046,Polygala senega L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Infusion of root or root powder taken as an expectorantic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
29047,3080,Polypodium virginianum L.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Plant used to make an expectorant.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
33043,3351,Rhus sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,370,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Compound decoction of roots taken for phlegm.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 370"
44343,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244245,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Bark and berries used as an expectorant.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245"