id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
2335,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,128,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark boiled to make a bright red dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128"
2336,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,38,Chippewa,4,d28,371,5,Dye,136,Red,Inner bark boiled with other inter barks and bloodroot and used to make a red dye.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371"
2349,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,76,Flathead,30,h92,5,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark used to make a flaming red hair dye.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"
2367,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,157,Navajo,74,e44,39,5,Dye,136,Red,"Powdered bark used as a reddish dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants.  The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany.  Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material.  To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen.  This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight.  This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39"
2379,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,116,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark used to obtain a red dye.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116"
2436,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,101,Isleta,76,j31,21,5,Dye,136,Red,"Root bark, mountain mahogany root bark and wild plum root bark used to make a red dye for buckskin.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
2437,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,102,Jemez,28,c30,20,5,Dye,136,Red,"Bark, mountain mahogany bark and birch bark boiled together and used as red dye to paint moccasins.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
2439,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,25,5,Dye,136,Red,Soaked bark rubbed on buckskin as a red dye.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
2445,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,157,Navajo,74,e44,39,5,Dye,136,Red,"Powdered bark used as a reddish dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants.  The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany.  Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material.  To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen.  This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight.  This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39"
2453,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,38,5,Dye,136,Red,"Bark dried, finely ground, boiled, cooled and used as a red dye for deerskin.","Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 38"
2480,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,273,Wailaki,89,c02,332,5,Dye,136,Red,Fresh bark formerly chewed and used as a red dye to color fishermen's bodies for successful fishing.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332"
2482,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark used to make a red dye for cedar bark.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
2508,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,62,5,Dye,136,Red,"Boiled, steeped bark used as a red dye for cedar bark and other items.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
2529,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark used to make a red dye.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
2549,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,79,5,Dye,136,Red,Formerly used to make red basket dyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
2550,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,5,Dye,136,Red,Infusion of crushed bark used to make different shades of red dye.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2558,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,86,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark used to make a red dye.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"
2589,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,5,Dye,136,Red,"Bark boiled in water to make a red dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items. The dye was used to color mountain goat wool and other cloth and to deepen the color of basket materials such as bitter cherry bark.  Skins were tanned and dyed simultaneously by soaking them in a cooled solution of the bark.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2590,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,501,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark used as a red dye.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501"
2594,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,5,Dye,136,Red,Inner bark chewed and used as a dull red dye.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
2737,188,Amaranthus cruentus L.,95,Hopi,126,vest40,162,5,Dye,136,Red,Flowers used to color bread red for certain dances.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162"
2738,188,Amaranthus cruentus L.,95,Hopi,126,vest40,162,5,Dye,136,Red,Flowers used to color bread red for certain dances.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162"
6401,452,Asplenium horridum Kaulfuss,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,14,5,Dye,136,Red,Juice used as a red dye.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 14"
6643,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,24,5,Dye,136,Red,Leaf and twig ash used to intensify red color of buckskin dye.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
7133,579,Betula occidentalis Hook.,102,Jemez,28,c30,21,5,Dye,136,Red,"Bark, mountain mahogany bark and alder bark boiled together and used as red dye to paint moccasins.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
7162,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,370,5,Dye,136,Red,"Inner bark boiled, cedar ashes added and used to make a red dye.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 370"
7231,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,136,Red,Innermost bark boiled to extract a reddish dye.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
8897,841,Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,222,5,Dye,136,Red,Inner bark used as a red dye for buckskin.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222"
8940,842,Cercocarpus montanus Raf.,101,Isleta,76,j31,25,5,Dye,136,Red,"Root bark, alder root bark and wild plum root bark used to make a red dye for buckskin.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
8941,842,Cercocarpus montanus Raf.,102,Jemez,28,c30,20,5,Dye,136,Red,"Bark, alder bark and birch bark boiled together and used as red dye to paint moccasins.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
8943,842,Cercocarpus montanus Raf.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,35,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots used as a red dye for buckskin.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
8961,842,Cercocarpus montanus Raf.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,5,Dye,136,Red,Used as a red dye for baskets.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
8986,844,Cercocarpus sp.,108,Keresan,90,w45,562,5,Dye,136,Red,Used to make a red dye for staining moccasins.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 562"
9483,898,Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,117,5,Dye,136,Red,Fruit heads used as rouge to paint on clan marks or to heighten the color of cheeks and lips.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 117"
9485,898,Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi,259,Thompson,33,steed28,502,5,Dye,136,Red,"Calyx crushed and red stain used on the face, body, clothes, wood and skins.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502"
10723,1081,Coreopsis sp.,32,Cherokee,105,w47,74,5,Dye,136,Red,Whole plant used to give a red coloring.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74"
10725,1082,Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,5,Dye,136,Red,Used to make a red dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
10727,1083,Coreopsis tinctoria var. tinctoria,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,156,5,Dye,136,Red,"Used as a dark, rich red dye.","Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156"
10733,1083,Coreopsis tinctoria var. tinctoria,291,Zuni,6,s15,80,5,Dye,136,Red,Blossoms used with other flowers as a mahogany red dye for yarn.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80"
11024,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,38,Chippewa,4,d28,370,5,Dye,136,Red,"Inner bark boiled, cedar ashes added and used to make a red dye.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 370"
11025,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,38,Chippewa,4,d28,370,5,Dye,136,Red,"Outer bark boiled, cedar ashes added and used to make a red dye.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 370"
11802,1178,Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult.,95,Hopi,37,w39,74,5,Dye,136,Red,Seeds used to produce a pink dye.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74"
12084,1239,Datisca glomerata (K. Presl) Baill.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,250,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots used as a red dye.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250"
12648,1323,Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. pulchellum,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,117,5,Dye,136,Red,Flowers mashed and smeared on arrows to color them pink.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
13290,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,5,Dye,136,Red,Crushed stems used as a light pink dye for porcupine quills.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
15489,1684,Galium boreale L.,54,Cree,146,j87,53,5,Dye,136,Red,Decoction of roots used as a red dye for porcupine quills.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
15491,1684,Galium boreale L.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,50,5,Dye,136,Red,Root used as a red dye and set with alum.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"
15514,1689,Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,254,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots used to make a red dye for porcupine quills.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 254"
16596,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,87,5,Dye,136,Red,"Outer seed coatings boiled and used as a dull, dark red dye.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87"
18773,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,157,Navajo,74,e44,19,5,Dye,136,Red,"Wood ash, mountain mahogany and black alder used as a red dye for buckskin.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 19"
19312,2078,Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,5,Dye,136,Red,"Roots peeled, cut, split, boiled and used as a red dye for buckskins.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
19313,2078,Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes,188,Papago,27,cu35,48,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots used as a red dye for garments.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 48"
19314,2078,Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes,188,Papago,27,cu35,60,5,Dye,136,Red,Used to dye cotton red.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60"
20555,2215,Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt. ex J.F. Gmel.) MacM.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,371,5,Dye,136,Red,Dried or pulverized roots boiled and used to make a red dye.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371"
23084,2493,Mirabilis sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,46,5,Dye,136,Red,Petals boiled for about fifteen minutes and used as a light red dye.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46"
24179,2602,Nyssa aquatica L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,5,Dye,136,Red,Burned bark and red oak ash added to water and used as a red dye.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
24761,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,157,Navajo,74,e44,65,5,Dye,136,Red,"Dead, ripe fruits used to make a cardinal dye.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 65"
24762,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,157,Navajo,74,e44,65,5,Dye,136,Red,Fruit used to dye wool pink.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 65"
24920,2688,Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,5,Dye,136,Red,"Leaves crushed and pressed firmly into skins, horsehair and feathers as a red dye.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
24921,2688,Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,5,Dye,136,Red,Plant pounded and pressed firmly into the gopher skin as a red dye.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
27592,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,102,Jemez,28,c30,26,5,Dye,136,Red,Gum from old and new trees used as a red paint for jars and bowls.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
28337,2990,Plagiobothrys arizonicus (Gray) Greene ex Gray,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,30,5,Dye,136,Red,Red coating on outside leaves and lower stems used as a red pigment to paint the body and face.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 30"
28339,2991,Plagiobothrys fulvus var. campestris (Greene) I.M. Johnston,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,382,5,Dye,136,Red,Matter at the base of young leaves used by women and children to stain their cheeks crimson.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 382"
29358,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,36,5,Dye,136,Red,"Brown, gummy leaf buds scratched and used to make a red dye.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36"
30239,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,371,5,Dye,136,Red,Inner bark boiled with other inter barks and bloodroot and used to make a red dye.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371"
30260,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,101,Isleta,76,j31,40,5,Dye,136,Red,"Root bark, alder root bark and mountain mahogany root bark used to make a red dye for buckskin.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40"
30275,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,157,Navajo,74,e44,54,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots used as a red dye for wool.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 54"
30985,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,5,Dye,136,Red,Fruit used to make a dark red dye.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
32427,3289,Quercus sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,370,5,Dye,136,Red,"Inner bark boiled, cedar ashes added and used to make a red dye.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 370"
32519,3291,Quercus texana Buckl.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,5,Dye,136,Red,Burned bark and black gum ash added to water and used as a red dye.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
32560,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,96,Houma,49,speck41,56,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots and bark boiled to make a red basket dye.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 56"
32565,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,55,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark blended with other oak barks and roots and used to make a red dye for buckskins.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 55"
32702,3314,Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,136,Red,Entire plant boiled to yield a red coloring dye and bur oak added to set the color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
32713,3315,Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.,138,Menominee,51,s23,79,5,Dye,136,Red,Boiled root used for red coloring.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 79"
32886,3345,Rhus copallinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,5,Dye,136,Red,Berries used to make red dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
32913,3347,Rhus glabra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,5,Dye,136,Red,Berries used to make red dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
32923,3347,Rhus glabra L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,135,5,Dye,136,Red,"Fruit used to make a dull, red dye.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135"
33106,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,367,5,Dye,136,Red,"Ripe, red fruits boiled with another plant to make a red dye.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367"
33265,3355,Rhus typhina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,5,Dye,136,Red,Berries used to make red dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
35381,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,43,5,Dye,136,Red,"Dried, ground roots used as a red dye. The roots were sometimes dried and stored indefinitely.  When ready for use, the dried roots were ground.  By this aging process, various shades were obtained, from a greyed yellow to a dull red.  Several handfuls of the fresh roots boiled in water yield a lemon yellow, and when more of the root was used and boiled longer, a soft orange or orange brown was obtained.  If the mixture was boiled in an iron vessel, the reaction formed a red brown or mahogany dye.  When mixed with indigo, a green dye was produced.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43"
35491,3496,Rumex venosus Pursh,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,172,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots and dried leaves boiled and used as a red dye.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 172"
35763,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,5,Dye,136,Red,Spring buds used to make a red dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
35914,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,123,5,Dye,136,Red,Willow and some other species of willow used for a scarlet dye.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 123"
36940,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,105,w47,74,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots used as a red dye in basket making.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74"
36941,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,5,Dye,136,Red,Used to make a red dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
36945,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,371,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots boiled with the inner barks of other trees and used to make a red dye.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371"
36946,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,131,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots dug in the fall and used to make a red dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131"
37019,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,78,5,Dye,136,Red,Boiled root used to dye mats red.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78"
37023,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,271,5,Dye,136,Red,Root cooked to make a red face paint and to dye baskets and mats red.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 271"
37049,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,114,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots boiled to obtain a red dye.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 114"
37051,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,83,5,Dye,136,Red,Root boiled with objects as a red dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83"
37056,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,83,5,Dye,136,Red,Root boiled with objects as a red dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83"
37061,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,83,5,Dye,136,Red,Root boiled with objects as a red dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83"
37768,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,5,Dye,136,Red,Berries used to make a red dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
37942,3661,Sherardia arvensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,5,Dye,136,Red,Used to make a red or rose dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
40897,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,138,Menominee,51,s23,78,5,Dye,136,Red,Boiled bark used for dark red coloring.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78"
44012,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,8,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots used as red dye in basketry.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 8"
44147,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,5,Dye,136,Red,Juice boiled alone for a red dye.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"