id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
1158,49,Aconitum columbianum Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,117,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered highly poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
1160,50,Aconitum delphiniifolium DC.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,140,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 140"
1162,51,Aconitum fischeri,79,Gosiute,38,c11,360,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"
1163,52,Aconitum heterophyllum,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
1164,53,Aconitum maximum Pallas ex DC.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,428,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant possibly used at one time as a poison.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 428"
1165,54,Aconitum sp.,5,Aleut,194,bt51,29,2,Drug,13,Poison,Used for fish and whale poison.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29"
1167,54,Aconitum sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1444,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,149,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 149"
1457,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,17,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fruits considered poisonous.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 17"
1464,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,245,2,Drug,13,Poison,Red and white berried plant considered extremely poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245"
1479,62,Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Decoction of roots considered poisonous if taken in large quantities.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
1485,64,Actaea sp.,141,Micmac,188,r48,56,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1948, Ethnobotanique Et Ethnozoologie Gaspesiennes, Archives de Folklore 3:51-64, page 56"
1602,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,23,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fruit used as a fish poison.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 23"
1606,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,2,Drug,13,Poison,Raw seeds considered poisonous if eaten.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
1609,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,366,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fresh fruit considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
1618,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,14,2,Drug,13,Poison,Nuts used as poison.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"
1634,76,Aesculus glabra Willd.,62,Delaware,97,t72,30,2,Drug,13,Poison,Nuts ground and used as fish poison in streams.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30"
1636,76,Aesculus glabra Willd.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"25, 74",2,Drug,13,Poison,"Pulverized nuts used as fish poison called 'fish peyote,' made the fish dizzy.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 74"
2298,164,Allium unifolium Kellogg,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,323,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 323"
2692,182,Amanita muscaria,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,128,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 128"
3178,218,Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walt.) Gray,32,Cherokee,105,w47,74,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root used as a crow poison.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74"
3442,259,Angelica atropurpurea L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,401,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant used as poison.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 401"
3598,270,Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,400,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots eaten to commit suicide.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"
3669,282,Anthemis cotula L.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,94,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 94"
3753,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root poisonous in large doses and poisonous to cattle feeding on it.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
4173,321,Aralia spinosa L.,32,Cherokee,105,w47,74,2,Drug,13,Poison,Green roots considered poisonous.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74"
4395,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,375,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fruit considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
4835,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,202,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Finely chopped root put in meat for enemies, to cause pain and death.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 202"
4836,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,272,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root cooked with meat used in abandoned vessels to poison enemy during war.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272"
4844,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,13,Poison,Infusion of plant poisonous when taken internally.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
4845,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,149,Mohegan,97,t72,70,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Infusion of root, poisonous if swallowed, gargled for sore throat.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70"
4854,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,192,Penobscot,103,s17,310,2,Drug,13,Poison,Infusion of plant considered poisonous.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310"
5200,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous 'if it enters the blood.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
6118,432,Asclepias fascicularis Dcne.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,380,2,Drug,13,Poison,Flowers considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 380"
6252,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,513,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root poisonous in large amounts.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 513"
6263,444,Asclepias subulata Dcne.,193,Pima,11,c49,81,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 81"
6523,486,Astragalus mollissimus Torr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,36,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 36"
6545,494,Astragalus racemosus Pursh,125,Lakota,108,r80,46,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to livestock.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 46"
6549,496,Astragalus sp.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,159,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 159"
6550,496,Astragalus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,44,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to stock.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 44"
6552,496,Astragalus sp.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,28,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to horses.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 28"
6559,496,Astragalus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 55"
6621,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,101,Isleta,76,j31,24,2,Drug,13,Poison,Infectious wood used to make poison arrow heads for war purposes.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
7458,612,Bovista pila Berk. & Curt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,134,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Spores dangerous, especially harmful to the eyes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 134"
7459,613,Bovista plumbea Pers.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,134,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Spores dangerous, especially harmful to the eyes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 134"
7460,614,Bovistella sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,134,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Spores dangerous, especially harmful to the eyes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 134"
7549,627,Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,364,2,Drug,13,Poison,Seeds had poisonous effects.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 364"
7578,634,Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,56,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Long, sharp-awned fruit were said to be very dangerous if swallowed.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 56"
7653,662,Calla palustris L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,33,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to touch and eat.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
7783,685,Caltha palustris L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
7786,685,Caltha palustris L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,19,2,Drug,13,Poison,Raw leaves considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 19"
7797,685,Caltha palustris L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,143,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Young shoots poisonous, if not boiled.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 143"
7809,688,Calvatia sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,134,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Spores dangerous, especially harmful to the eyes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 134"
7816,690,Calycanthus floridus L.,32,Cherokee,105,w47,74,2,Drug,13,Poison,Seeds used to poison wolves.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74"
7997,727,Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) B.S.P.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,340,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots used as a poison to kill.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 340"
8457,782,Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,13,Poison,Infusion used 'to destroy your enemies.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
8757,820,Celastrus scandens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,376,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 376"
8764,820,Celastrus scandens L.,172,Oglala,17,g19,102,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
9029,853,Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz,35,Chickasaw,138,c51,289,2,Drug,13,Poison,Poisonous root used as an emetic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
9220,877,Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. ex Parish,193,Pima,11,c49,99,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 99"
9312,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,253,Swinomish,25,g73,41,2,Drug,13,Poison,Infusion of plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
9472,897,Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,19,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 19"
9586,913,Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,13,Poison,Infusion used to kill rats.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
9705,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,50,Costanoan,16,b84,28,2,Drug,13,Poison,Bulb used as a fish poison.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 28"
9721,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,319,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
9730,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,140,Mewuk,109,m66,336,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 336"
9833,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,153,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 153"
9836,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,212,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 212"
9839,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,20,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 20"
9847,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered highly poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
9850,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,60,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered a very bad poison.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"
9855,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
9861,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Considered one of the most toxic plants in North America for people, horses, cattle and sheep.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9862,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,513,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots known to be poisonous to both humans and animals.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 513"
9864,942,Cicuta maculata L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,153,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 153"
9874,942,Cicuta maculata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,398,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots chewed to commit suicide.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 398"
9876,942,Cicuta maculata L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,101,2,Drug,13,Poison,Poisonous roots mixed with rattlesnake poison or decomposed animal liver and used to poison arrows.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 101"
9877,942,Cicuta maculata L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,33,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to humans.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 33"
9880,943,Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fleshy roots known as a virulent poison and sometimes used for suicide.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
9888,943,Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"58, 59",2,Drug,13,Poison,Root pulp considered poisonous for open wounds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 58, 59"
9890,945,Cicuta sp.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,17,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 17"
9891,945,Cicuta sp.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,372,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 372"
9892,946,Cicuta virosa L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,153,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 153"
9894,946,Cicuta virosa L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,137,2,Drug,13,Poison,Whole plant considered poisonous.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 137"
9895,946,Cicuta virosa L.,73,"Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut",187,o57,21,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root 'considered to be poisonous to people.',"Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 21"
9896,946,Cicuta virosa L.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,17,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 17"
9897,946,Cicuta virosa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,212,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 212"
10080,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,53,2,Drug,13,Poison,Unripened plant considered poisonous.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 53"
10391,1030,Clintonia andrewsiana Torr.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
10392,1030,Clintonia andrewsiana Torr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 34"
10406,1031,Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,430,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots chewed by dogs to poison their teeth and kills animals they bite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430"
10527,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,138,Menominee,51,s23,42,2,Drug,13,Poison,Compound containing leaves sprinkled on medicine to kill a hated person.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 42"
10576,1062,Conium maculatum L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,42,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"
10577,1062,Conium maculatum L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,33,2,Drug,13,Poison,All plant parts very poisonous.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 33"
10578,1062,Conium maculatum L.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,42,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"
10589,1066,Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots made cows drunk and killed them.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
10967,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,13,Poison,Sap used on arrowheads for the poisonous effect upon animals.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
11001,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,84,2,Drug,13,Poison,Chewed berry spittle used on arrow points and musket balls to cause infections in the wound.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84"
11421,1130,Crataegus rivularis Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,355,2,Drug,13,Poison,Thorns considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355"
11475,1142,Croton californicus Muell.-Arg.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,56,2,Drug,13,Poison,Toxic plant used only in small dosages for illnesses.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 56"
11496,1145,Croton setigerus Hook.,200,Pomo,80,g67,13,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13"
11534,1149,Cryptantha crassisepala (Torr. & Gray) Greene,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,40,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Plant considered a bad, poisonous weed.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40"
11797,1177,Cuscuta sp.,193,Pima,11,c49,66,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 66"
12002,1219,Dalea enneandra Nutt.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,366,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 366"
12050,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,35,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35"
12113,1243,Datura stramonium L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,56,2,Drug,13,Poison,Seeds considered poisonous.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 56"
12119,1243,Datura stramonium L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,28,2,Drug,13,Poison,Seeds and leaves poisonous.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 28"
12135,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,13,Poison,An extremely poisonous plant.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12151,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,75,2,Drug,13,Poison,Pulverized plant given with water to cause death and now almost wholly avoided.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 75"
12162,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,17,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 17"
12175,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,95,Hopi,37,w39,89,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant sometimes fatal and given to a person 'who is mean' to cure 'meanness.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 89"
12186,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,23,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 23"
12189,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,41,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root killed any animal or man if eaten.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41"
12198,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,131,Mahuna,5,r54,43,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 43"
12223,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,126,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous if used incorrectly.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 126"
12283,1247,Delphinium bicolor Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,367,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 367"
12285,1248,Delphinium carolinianum ssp. virescens (Nutt.) Brooks,125,Lakota,108,r80,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to cattle.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 55"
12290,1251,Delphinium hesperium Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,347,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to cattle.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 347"
12293,1252,Delphinium menziesii DC.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,30,2,Drug,13,Poison,Whole plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
12318,1259,Delphinium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
12324,1261,Delphinium tricorne Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots made cows drunk and killed them.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
12454,1289,Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. oligosanthes,125,Lakota,108,r80,30,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to horses.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 30"
12589,1316,Dipsacus fullonum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,450,2,Drug,13,Poison,Powdered roots considered poisonous.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450"
12880,1356,Echinocereus coccineus Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,64,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 64"
13475,1428,Equisetum sp.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,428,2,Drug,13,Poison,Decoction of plant fed to hated guest as a magical poison.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 428"
13633,1453,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. latisquamea (Gray) Nesom & Baird,101,Isleta,76,j31,26,2,Drug,13,Poison,Wood used to make poisonous war arrows.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
13759,1476,Erigeron grandiflorus Hook.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,368,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots used for arrow poison.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 368"
14372,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,9,2,Drug,13,Poison,'Plant avoided by pregnant or lactating women as smell may be poisonous.',"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 9"
14377,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 34"
14505,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,457,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant put in enemy's liquor flask to kill him.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 457"
14611,1591,Euphorbia marginata Pursh,190,Pawnee,17,g19,99,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
14645,1598,Evernia sp.,145,Modesse,109,m66,225,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant used for poison on stone arrow tips.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 225"
15068,1644,Frangula californica ssp. californica,200,Pomo,80,g67,14,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"
15087,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,76,Flathead,73,b05,21,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fruit considered poisonous.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21"
15141,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,277,West Coast Indian,200,r34,133,2,Drug,13,Poison,Infusion of root bark or bark taken in large doses caused death.,"Reagan, Albert, 1934, Various Uses of Plants by West Coast Indians, Washington Historical Quarterly 25:133-37, page 133"
15353,1667,Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt.,272,Ute,142,c09,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Decoction of bulbs and roots in large quantities regarded dangerously poisonous.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 34"
15466,1682,Galium aparine L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,46,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 46"
15492,1684,Galium boreale L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
16392,1794,Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston,101,Isleta,76,j31,33,2,Drug,13,Poison,Prickles from fruit caused skin irritation and swelling.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
16394,1794,Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"40, 41",2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40, 41"
16513,1811,Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,155,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 155"
16514,1811,Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,142,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 142"
16515,1811,Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,14,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14"
16534,1814,Helenium autumnale L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,215,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant known to be poisonous to cattle.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 215"
16809,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,54,Cree,145,b41,491,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 491"
16840,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,105,Karok,71,sg52,387,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots poisonous to cattle.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"
17003,1863,Heterotheca villosa var. minor (Hook.) Semple,101,Isleta,76,j31,25,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Plant, when touched, caused a skin irritation similar to ant bites.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
17398,1908,Hordeum jubatum L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous and children taught to avoid it.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
17607,1953,Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floribunda (Gray) Parker,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,48,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous to sheep.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
17615,1954,Hymenoxys richardsonii var. richardsonii,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Toxic to livestock, especially sheep.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
18055,2012,Iris setosa Pallas ex Link,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,140,2,Drug,13,Poison,Whole plant considered poisonous.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 140"
18067,2017,Iris versicolor L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
18068,2017,Iris versicolor L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,175,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 175"
18247,2034,Juglans nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,13,Poison,'Bark used cautiously in medicine because it is poisonous.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
19009,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries believed to be poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19244,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,215,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 215"
19246,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,2,Drug,13,Poison,Infusion of leaves taken in great quantities caused death.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
19256,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,141,Micmac,103,s17,316,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered very poisonous.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 316"
19260,2070,Kalmia angustifolia L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,314,2,Drug,13,Poison,Leaves considered poisonous.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314"
19272,2071,Kalmia latifolia L.,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
19274,2071,Kalmia latifolia L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,52,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 52"
19283,2073,Kalmia polifolia Wangenh.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,65,2,Drug,13,Poison,Leaves could be poisonous and should never be used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
19702,2108,Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,141,2,Drug,13,Poison,Peas considered poisonous.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 141"
19854,2126,Ledum palustre L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,60,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Plant contains ledol, a poisonous substance known to cause cramps, diarrhea and paralysis.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 60"
19883,2127,Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens (Ait.) Hult‚n,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,60,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Plant contains ledol, a poisonous substance known to cause cramps, diarrhea and paralysis.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 60"
20251,2182,Ligusticum scoticum ssp. hultenii (Fern.) Calder & Taylor,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,60,2,Drug,13,Poison,Mature plant in late summer considered mildly poisonous.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 60"
20780,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,66,2,Drug,13,Poison,Mature tops and roots considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 66"
20781,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,66,2,Drug,13,Poison,Purple shoots considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 66"
20782,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,66,2,Drug,13,Poison,Strong infusion or decoction of roots considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 66"
20850,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Young sprouts eaten, but poisonous to stock in early spring.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
21037,2247,Lomatium nuttallii (Gray) J.F. Macbr.,59,Creek,128,swan28,667,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous if eaten in winter.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667"
21184,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,317,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fruit considered poisonous.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 317"
21195,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,94,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 94"
21199,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,199,Poliklah,109,m66,173,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 173"
21211,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,489,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous if more than two or three eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 489"
21217,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,37,2,Drug,13,Poison,"'Not good to eat, poison.'","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37"
21308,2286,Lupinus arcticus S. Wats.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,143,2,Drug,13,Poison,Seeds considered poisonous.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 143"
21335,2297,Lupinus nootkatensis Donn ex Sims,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,157,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 157"
21347,2301,Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
21361,2305,Lupinus sericeus Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
21379,2306,Lupinus sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
21483,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,134,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Spores dangerous, especially harmful to the eyes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 134"
21484,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,132,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 132"
21528,2328,Lycopus asper Greene,100,Iroquois,7,h77,427,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 427"
21540,2331,Lycopus virginicus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,426,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots and leaves considered poisonous.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 426"
21599,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21828,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,383,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 383"
22397,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
22400,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,390,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots and seeds considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 390"
22407,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,251,Squaxin,25,g73,48,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 48"
23897,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
24114,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
24164,2599,Nymphaea odorata Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
24238,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,216,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered highly toxic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 216"
24398,2636,Onopordum acanthium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,476,2,Drug,13,Poison,Decoction used for witchcraft poison.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 476"
24421,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,41,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
24491,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,13,Poison,Spines considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24523,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24760,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,157,Navajo,74,e44,65,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant used as a poison for hunting.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 65"
24905,2682,Orobanche fasciculata Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to stock.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
24949,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,277,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant 'sure to kill' if eaten.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 277"
25240,2718,Oxytropis lambertii Pursh,95,Hopi,37,w39,80,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to cattle.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 80"
25241,2718,Oxytropis lambertii Pursh,125,Lakota,108,r80,47,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Plant, in quantities, poisonous to livestock and horses.","Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 47"
25255,2723,Oxytropis sp.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,159,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 159"
25256,2723,Oxytropis sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,40,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 40"
25545,2757,Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,382,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 382"
25587,2764,Pastinaca sativa L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root powerful in small amounts and poisonous in large amounts.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
25590,2764,Pastinaca sativa L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,86,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root considered poisonous when taken internally.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 86"
26537,2896,Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnston,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,344,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 344"
26803,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,51,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots and berries considered poisonous.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 51"
26838,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,65,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 65"
26843,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,74,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root considered poisonous.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74"
28537,3010,Platanthera dilatata var. dilatata,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Leaves considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
28682,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root joints considered poisonous.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
28696,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,331,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root considered poisonous.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 331"
28891,3057,Polygonum aviculare L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Used to poison fish and infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
28931,3066,Polygonum hydropiper L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Used to poison fish and infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
29917,3149,Prosartes hookeri var. oregana (S. Wats.) Kartesz,114,Klallam,25,g73,25,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25"
30667,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,26,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Infusion of bark or berries with honey used for coughs, if stale it is poisonous.","Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 26"
31430,3212,Ptelea trifoliata ssp. pallida var. pallida (Greene) V. Bailey,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,229,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Leaves made into poison and used on arrow tips for hunting large game and in warfare. The leaves, which had a strong odor, were pounded up together with jimson weed, scorpions and other noxious items.  It was said that even a slight scratch from an arrow so treated would insure death.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229"
31435,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,51,2,Drug,13,Poison,Full grown fronds poisonous to cattle.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 51"
31486,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,18,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fronds considered poisonous when mature and known to contain carcinogenic substances.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18"
31600,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34"
31612,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,259,Thompson,10,tta90,246,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered very poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 246"
31955,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,342,2,Drug,13,Poison,Nuts considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 342"
32680,3307,Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,119,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Dried or mashed, fresh whole plant placed on a piece of meat as poisoned bait for coyotes.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 119"
32682,3307,Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Flowers or whole plant rubbed on arrow points as a poison.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
32683,3307,Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered a skin irritant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
32691,3311,Ranunculus occidentalis Nutt.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,428,2,Drug,13,Poison,Flower juice slipped into food to cause a person 'to waste away to nothing.',"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 428"
32699,3313,Ranunculus pallasii Schlecht.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,143,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Young shoots poisonous, if not boiled.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 143"
32720,3316,Ranunculus repens L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered a skin irritant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
32721,3317,Ranunculus sceleratus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Flowers or whole plant rubbed on arrow points as a poison.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
32722,3318,Ranunculus sceleratus var. multifidus Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,65,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 65"
32727,3319,Ranunculus sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Flowers of several species used as a poison on arrowheads.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
32734,3320,Ranunculus uncinatus D. Don ex G. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered a skin irritant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
32812,3331,Rheum rhaponticum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,2,Drug,13,Poison,Leaves considered poisonous.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
33007,3347,Rhus glabra L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Decoction of plant considered poisonous if too strong or taken in large dose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
33563,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,104,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 104"
33577,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,32,2,Drug,13,Poison,Thorns considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33780,3403,Ricinus communis L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,133,2,Drug,13,Poison,Seeds and leaves considered poisonous.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 133"
33794,3403,Ricinus communis L.,193,Pima,11,c49,100,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"
34015,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,266,2,Drug,13,Poison,Hips considered poisonous and would give one an itchy bottom if eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 266"
34016,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,266,2,Drug,13,Poison,Spines considered poisonous as they caused swelling and irritation if touched.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 266"
36792,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,63,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Berries should always be eaten cooked, as they are potentially poisonous when raw.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
37603,3629,Sebastiania bilocularis S. Wats.,229,Seri,29,d44,138,2,Drug,13,Poison,Juice used for arrow poison.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
37656,3641,Senecio congestus (R. Br.) DC.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,187,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 187"
37657,3641,Senecio congestus (R. Br.) DC.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,17,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 17"
37832,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,111,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries poisonous in great quantities.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 111"
37891,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,238,Sioux,73,b05,24,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fruit very acrid and considered poisonous.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 24"
37933,3659,Shepherdia rotundifolia Parry,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,234,2,Drug,13,Poison,Dust from the underside of the leaves said to make the eyes sore and to cause blindness.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 234"
38122,3699,Sisyrinchium montanum Greene,100,Iroquois,7,h77,288,2,Drug,13,Poison,'Feared it was poison.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 288"
38143,3703,Sium suave Walt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,2,Drug,13,Poison,White flowers considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
38254,3718,Solanum douglasii Dunal,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,140,2,Drug,13,Poison,Whole plant considered poisonous.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 140"
38318,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,105,Karok,71,sg52,389,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389"
38319,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,387,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 387"
38323,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Weak infusion of dried leaves, poisonous, taken for sleeplessness.","Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 34"
38504,3754,Sonchus asper (L.) Hill,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,50,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50"
38831,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,220,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fresh leaves considered poisonous.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 220"
39076,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,95,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95"
39108,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,259,Thompson,33,steed28,511,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered 'deadly poisonous' if more than two or three eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 511"
39109,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,259,Thompson,33,steed28,489,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Berries considered poisonous, even fatal.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 489"
39110,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,259,Thompson,10,tta90,200,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered very poisonous. An antidote for poisoning from the berries was to eat a large quantity of lard.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 200"
39506,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,305,2,Drug,13,Poison,Seeds considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305"
39612,3910,Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,4,2,Drug,13,Poison,Poisonous herb.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 4"
39717,3924,Thalictrum fendleri var. polycarpum Torr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,67,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root caused death when eaten by cows and horses.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"
39719,3924,Thalictrum fendleri var. polycarpum Torr.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,348,2,Drug,13,Poison,Stems considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 348"
40137,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,20,2,Drug,13,Poison,Infusion of boughs considered toxic in large doses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20"
40444,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,58,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
40461,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,266,Tolowa,70,b81,58,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
40464,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,289,Yurok,70,b81,58,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
40473,3973,Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,100,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
40474,3973,Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill.,183,Paiute,98,m53,88,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 88"
40475,3973,Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill.,205,Ponca,17,g19,100,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
40477,3973,Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,38,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 38"
40483,3975,Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,2,Drug,13,Poison,Compound containing plant used to poison arrows.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
40485,3975,Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans,259,Thompson,10,tta90,149,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Plant considered poisonous because it caused skin irritations. One informant said that it affected her eyes, causing temporary blindness.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 149"
40488,3976,Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene,125,Lakota,108,r80,33,2,Drug,13,Poison,Poisonous plant caused a rash resembling venereal disease.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 33"
40492,3977,Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poison and taken in some form for clap and 'gleet' or ulcerated bladder.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
40496,3977,Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,135,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135"
40683,4017,Triglochin maritima L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,19,2,Drug,13,Poison,Leaves known to be poisonous to stock.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 19"
40717,4021,Trillium ovatum Pursh,241,Skagit,25,g73,25,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25"
40721,4023,Trillium sessile L.,49,Concow,89,c02,329,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 329"
40737,4024,Trillium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,286,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Plant not used, 'said to be poisonous.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 286"
40741,4024,Trillium sp.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,116,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 116"
40783,4031,Triteleia grandiflora Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,41,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
41796,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,23,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"
42502,4093,Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,384,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots used for arrow poison.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384"
42518,4094,Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,13,Poison,Raw roots considered poisonous.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
42535,4094,Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,244,Snake,73,b05,26,2,Drug,13,Poison,Raw root poisonous and cooked root used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 26"
42619,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous if eaten in large quantities.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
42627,4103,Veratrum californicum var. californicum,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root poisonous to eat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
42631,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,161,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 161"
42642,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,13,Poison,Overdose of raw root considered fatal.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42650,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,13,Poison,Poisonous roots ingested for suicide.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
42653,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,53,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Infusion of powdered root, strong infusion fatal, taken as an emetic.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42662,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,24,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
42681,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered highly toxic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42716,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,13,Poison,Secondary roots considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42724,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
42728,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,79,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to animals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 79"
42731,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,210,Quinault,25,g73,24,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
42733,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,216,Salish,144,teit28,294,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294"
42739,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
42993,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,436,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 436"
43210,4141,Vicia faba L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,59,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 59"
43634,4206,Wyethia scabra Hook.,95,Hopi,37,w39,99,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Plant sometimes used as an emetic, but if not vomited it would kill the person.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 99"
44145,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,2,Drug,13,Poison,Compound containing leaf juice used to poison arrows.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
44232,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44544,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,163,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 163"
44545,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,139,2,Drug,13,Poison,Whole plant considered poisonous.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 139"
44548,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,78,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 78"
44553,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Bulb caused 'human poisoning' and leaves usually fatal to cattle.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
44558,4248,Zigadenus nuttallii (Gray) S. Wats.,272,Ute,142,c09,37,2,Drug,13,Poison,Bulbs considered poisonous.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 37"
44581,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,203,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered highly toxic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 203"
44584,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,125,Lakota,108,r80,28,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to humans.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 28"
44589,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,321,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 321"
44593,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,13,Poison,Bulbs considered extremely poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
44600,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,183,Paiute,98,m53,54,2,Drug,13,Poison,Seeds and roots considered a deadly poison if eaten by humans or horses.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 54"
44603,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,30,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 30"
44605,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
44609,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,94,2,Drug,13,Poison,Bulbs considered poisonous.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 94"