id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
2329,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,5,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"
2342,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2350,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,76,Flathead,30,h92,5,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"
2355,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,120,Kutenai,30,h92,5,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"
2361,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,138,Menominee,51,s23,78,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark boiled and cloth or material immersed in boiling liquid as a reddish brown dye.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78"
2369,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,5,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"
2399,169,Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2412,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,155,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used to dye deerskin and other skins a reddish brown.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155"
2420,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Decoction of inner bark used to make a red-brown dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
2426,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2446,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used to dye buckskin a reddish-brown color.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
2451,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,87,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark and wood used to make red and brown dyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"
2456,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,291,Zuni,6,s15,80,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used to dye deerskin reddish-brown.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80"
2535,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,129,Lummi,25,g73,27,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2567,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,209,Quileute,25,g73,27,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2569,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,210,Quinault,25,g73,27,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2572,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,79,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,"Bark boiled to make a reddish brown dye and used to color fish nets, baskets, canoes and head rings.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79"
2579,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,27,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2651,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used to make a red tan dye.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
2660,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,87,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark and wood used to make red and brown dyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"
8535,797,Castilleja sp.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,50,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Blossoms used to make a red-tan dye.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"
8785,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,157,Navajo,74,e44,41,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Leaves and branches boiled into a dark brown or red dye for wool.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41"
17047,1867,Heuchera bracteata (Torr.) Ser.,157,Navajo,74,e44,52,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Stems used to make a pinkish tan dye.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 52"
19145,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,371,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used to make a mahogany colored dye for coloring cedar strips in mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371"
24922,2688,Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,"Whole, blooming plant pressed firmly into skins, horsehair and feathers as a reddish tan dye.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
30986,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Inner bark used to make a red-brown dye.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
32393,3285,Quercus rubra L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,120,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Rushes gathered for mat weaving and boiled with bark to impart a brownish red dye.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120"
33109,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark and leaves used to make a red-brown dye.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
33110,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Berries used to make a pink-tan dye.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
35411,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,"Dry roots crushed, placed in water and used as a brownish red dye for tanning hides.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
39779,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,95,Hopi,72,f96,15,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Flowers used as a reddish brown dye for basket making yucca fibers.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 15"
39780,3934,Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze,95,Hopi,37,w39,98,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Used to make a fine reddish-brown basketry and textile dye.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98"
39794,3935,Thelesperma subnudum Gray,95,Hopi,37,w39,98,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Used to make a fine reddish-brown basketry and textile dye.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98"
40851,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used to make a rosy-tan dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
40859,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,371,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used to make a mahogany colored dye.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371"
40914,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used with a little rock dust to dye materials a dark red brown.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
40925,4042,Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used to make a rosy-tan dye.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
40948,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark boiled and used to make a reddish-brown dye.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
40993,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,44,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,"Bark, especially from the inside of a crevice, used as a reddish-brown dye. Bark was used to dye the rope used in halibut fishing to make it invisible to the fish.  Canoes were often painted with a solution of this bark in water.  This stain was made by steeping the bark in water for many days, until the liquid was bright red.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"
41007,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,114,Klallam,25,g73,17,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark boiled and used as a red-brown dye.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41030,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,133,Makah,25,g73,17,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,"Inner bark pounded, boiled and used as a red-brown dye.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"