id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
3,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
44,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,64,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of sap used for sore throats.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 64"
142,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,50,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Compound of gum from bark blisters warmed and taken for sore throat.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
143,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
750,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant taken for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
776,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken for tickling of the throat.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
806,38,Achillea millefolium L.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,65,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of young plant or root gargled for sore throat.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
872,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
905,38,Achillea millefolium L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,322,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
936,38,Achillea millefolium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed and the saliva allowed to flow down the throat for sore throats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
948,38,Achillea millefolium L.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,80,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Young leaves chewed and juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 80"
997,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains, throat pains and colds.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
1012,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,189,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of dried, pounded plant taken for tickling in the throat.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189"
1169,54,Aconitum sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots used for acute throat  infections.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1181,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied to sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1196,55,Acorus calamus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
1224,55,Acorus calamus L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled by children and root chewed by adults for sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
1229,55,Acorus calamus L.,54,Cree,146,j87,23,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Rootstock peeled, chewed and liquid swallowed for sore throats.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1260,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of rootstocks used for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1261,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dried rootstock chewed for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1298,55,Acorus calamus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,279,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of roots used as gargle for sore throat.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 279"
1306,55,Acorus calamus L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,48,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed for sore throat.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
1346,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2247,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throat.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2247"
1347,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root used for 'a cold in the throat.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
1348,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2309,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed for sore throat.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2309"
1349,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2247,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used to make a throat tonic for singers.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2247"
1409,59,Actaea pachypoda Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root used as a gargle.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
1658,79,Aesculus sp.,116,Koasati,115,t40,39,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of heated beans applied to the throat for tonsil troubles.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
2115,141,Allium cernuum Roth,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Juice taken for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
2127,141,Allium cernuum Roth,101,Isleta,76,j31,20,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of warm onions applied externally to throat for sore throat.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
2814,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"70, 128",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for hoarseness.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70, 128"
3245,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used for throat infection.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
3290,239,Andropogon floridanus Scribn.,228,Seminole,88,s54,236,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of plant taken & used as bath for gopher-tortoise sickness: cough, dry throat, noisy chest.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 236"
3332,248,Anemone canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382383,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root eaten to clear throat so one can sing well in ceremonies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382383"
3404,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,193,Pima,11,c49,78,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dry root held in the mouth for sore throats and infusion taken for itchy throat.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 78"
3428,259,Angelica atropurpurea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,'Root tonic' used as gargle for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
3456,260,Angelica breweri Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"34, 35",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dried root chewed for sore throat and coughs.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 34, 35"
3474,260,Angelica breweri Gray,276,Washo,12,tha41,"34, 35",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dried root chewed for sore throat or coughs.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 34, 35"
3521,265,Angelica lucida L.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,427,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves used to make a soothing drink for sore throats.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
3578,268,Angelica sylvestris L.,141,Micmac,93,mech59,259,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots and spikenard roots used for sore throats.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 259"
3579,268,Angelica sylvestris L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,54,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root used for sore throat.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54"
3588,269,Angelica tomentosa S. Wats.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,20,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed or held in the mouth to prevent sore throat.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 20"
3589,269,Angelica tomentosa S. Wats.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,20,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root held in singer's mouth to prevent hoarseness and rawness of throat.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 20"
3762,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354355,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root eaten for throat trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"
3931,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,183,Paiute,153,k32,197,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed for sore throats.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197"
4041,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,394,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Compound applied as poultice for sore throat.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 394"
4154,319,Aralia racemosa L.,141,Micmac,93,mech59,259,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots and angelica roots used for sore throats.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 259"
4155,319,Aralia racemosa L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,"54, 55",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root used for sore throats.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54, 55"
4217,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,67,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark used as a gargle for sore throat and strep throat.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"
4228,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,218,"Salish, Cowichan",101,ttco83,104,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and juice swallowed for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4231,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,243,Skokomish,25,g73,44,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
4809,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion taken for throat irritations.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
4846,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"70, 128",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dilute infusion of root gargled for sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70, 128"
4847,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
4888,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used as a gargle for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
4918,377,Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion gargled for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
5178,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"39, 40",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Poultice of pulped, green plant applied to sore throat or neck glands.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39, 40"
5334,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for throat constrictions.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
5382,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,125,Lakota,156,k90,46,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion used for sore throats.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
5389,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,211,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for tonsillitis and sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 211"
5506,402,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) Keck,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,56,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed for sore throats.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56"
5630,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,246,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Stems and leaves used for sore throats. Leafy stems were placed on the fire and the resulting fumes were inhaled for a cold or runny nose.  The fresh leaves were chewed for a cough.  More often, it was pounded a bit, boiled in water for ten to fifteen minutes or twenty minutes and then cooled and drunk.  The usual dose, a cupful, was taken before breakfast and again after supper.  This treatment was continued until the cold was gone, usually in two or three days.  Another method was to take two tablespoonfuls every half hour for one day.  This method was good for a cold, cough, sore throat or stomachache.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246"
5685,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,78,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leaves and branches taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"
5686,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,78,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"
5783,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,44-47,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Strained decoction of leaves gargled for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5802,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leafless twigs taken for laryngitis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5824,408,Artemisia tripartita Rydb.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,79,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leaves and branches taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
5825,408,Artemisia tripartita Rydb.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,79,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
5911,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,241,Skagit,25,g73,33,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33"
5912,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,241,Skagit,25,g73,33,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of twig and root ashes with bear grease applied to throat swellings.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33"
6006,421,Asarum canadense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,310,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice used for sore throat.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 310"
6028,421,Asarum canadense L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,204,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used for sore throat and as a medicine used as a seasoning.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 204"
6370,448,Asclepias verticillata L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,96,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used for throat troubles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 96"
6377,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
6535,489,Astragalus pattersonii Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,27,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used for any disease of the throat.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 27"
6562,496,Astragalus sp.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,27,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 27"
6869,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed and saliva allowed to run down throat for sore throat.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38"
7039,568,Berberis vulgaris L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,55,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Bark and root used for sore throat.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55"
7042,568,Berberis vulgaris L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,128,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Berries used for sore throat and fever.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 128"
7044,568,Berberis vulgaris L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,309,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Pounded root or bark used for sore throat.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
7340,587,Bidens bipinnata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
7358,590,Bidens sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,53,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of pounded flowers, buds, leaves and other plants taken for throat troubles.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 53"
7452,610,Bouteloua simplex Lag.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Cold infusion used internally and externally for sore throat.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
7825,692,Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,109,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of dried or fresh, peeled bark used for sore throat .","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 109"
8018,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion gargled for sore throat and root chewed for colds.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
8038,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,134,Malecite,93,mech59,247,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Green or dried roots chewed and used for hoarseness.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 247"
8039,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,134,Malecite,93,mech59,252,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Green or dry roots chewed and used to clear the throat.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 252"
8042,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root used to clear the throat and for hoarseness.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
8770,823,Celtis laevigata Willd.,96,Houma,49,speck41,57,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark taken for sore throat.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57"
8797,824,Celtis occidentalis L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,57,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark taken for sore throat.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57"
9310,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,245,Snohomish,25,g73,41,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
9793,934,Chrysothamnus sp.,102,Jemez,76,j31,25,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used as a gargle.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
9928,953,Cirsium calcareum (M.E. Jones) Woot. & Standl.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"34, 95-96",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of plant used for tickling throat caused by a cold.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 34, 95-96"
9960,960,Cirsium horridulum Michx.,96,Houma,49,speck41,57,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves and root in whiskey taken to clear throat and lungs of phlegm.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57"
10167,1007,Claytonia sibirica L.,241,Skagit,25,g73,29,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plants taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29"
10169,1007,Claytonia sibirica L.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant used as a general tonic for sore throats.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
10222,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,347,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Stems and leaves chewed for sore throats.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 347"
10224,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Chewed for sore throats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10332,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,29,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of seeds used ceremonially to improve voice.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
10555,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,427,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves used to make a soothing drink for sore throats.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
10657,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,322,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Cold, compound infusion with plant taken for trench mouth and raw throat.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 322"
10665,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,138,Menominee,51,s23,48,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots used in astringent mouthwash for babies with sore throats.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 48"
10764,1088,Cornus alternifolia L. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for 'lost voice.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
10882,1093,Cornus florida L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,46,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken to loosen phlegm for hoarseness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 46"
10883,1093,Cornus florida L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for 'lost voice.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
10895,1094,Cornus foemina P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"30, 31",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion used for 'lost voice.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30, 31"
11074,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plants used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
11078,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Herb used for sore throat.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
11176,1108,Corydalis curvisiliqua ssp. occidentalis (Engelm. ex Gray) W.A. Weber,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Cold infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for sore throat.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
11254,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Buds chewed to become a good singer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11467,1140,Crotalaria rotundifolia Walt. ex J.F. Gmel.,228,Seminole,88,s54,281,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of pods used for sore throats.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 281"
12033,1229,Dalea villosa var. villosa,125,Lakota,108,r80,47,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves and blossoms eaten for swellings inside the throat.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 47"
12083,1239,Datisca glomerata (K. Presl) Baill.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,9,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of plant used for sore throat and swollen tonsils.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 9"
12121,1243,Datura stramonium L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,27,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Compound poultice with crushed seeds rubbed on sore throat.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 27"
12342,1269,Descurainia incana ssp. incisa (Engelm.) Kartesz & Gandhi,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,23,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used as a lotion for sore throats.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 23"
12453,1288,Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould,228,Seminole,88,s54,236,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of plant taken & used as bath for gopher-tortoise sickness: cough, dry throat, noisy chest.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 236"
12462,1291,Dichanthelium strigosum var. glabrescens (Griseb.) Freckmann,228,Seminole,88,s54,236,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of plant taken & used as bath for gopher-tortoise sickness: cough, dry throat, noisy chest.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 236"
12528,1303,Dimorphocarpa wislizeni (Engelm.) Rollins,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,157,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant used as wash for throat troubles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157"
12566,1310,Diospyros virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Syrup used for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
12573,1310,Diospyros virginiana L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,25,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of north side bark taken for sore throat.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
12752,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,188,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of powdered leaves and roots taken or root chewed for sore throat.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
12770,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,125,Lakota,156,k90,47,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed for tonsillitis.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
12813,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,240,"Sioux, Teton",190,d18,270,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root used for tonsillitis.,"Densmore, Frances, 1918, Teton Sioux Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #61, page 270"
12827,1349,Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,57,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Ground root chewed for sore throats.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
12843,1350,Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of powdered roots and leaves taken for sore throat.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 38"
12864,1352,Echinacea sp.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,521,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root taken for sore throat.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521"
13565,1441,Eriastrum virgatum (Benth.) Mason,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of entire plant used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
13691,1457,Ericameria palmeri var. palmeri,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,75,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves soaked in a pan of boiling water and steam inhaled for sore throats.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 75"
13820,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Salve of crushed plant used on throat or plant chewed for sore throat.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
13924,1491,Eriodictyon trichocalyx Heller,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,71,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leaves used for sore throats.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 71"
14010,1506,Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth.,291,Zuni,6,s15,49,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root taken for hoarseness and colds involving the throat.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 49"
14125,1529,Eriogonum rotundifolium Benth.,157,Navajo,141,h56,150,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves used for sore throats.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 150"
14483,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion taken for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
15169,1654,Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb.,101,Isleta,76,j31,29,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Decoction of large, fleshy root used as a throat medicine for asthma.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
15496,1685,Galium circaezans Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Taken for hoarseness.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
15805,1725,Geranium erianthum DC.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,428,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves used in a gargle for sore throat.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 428"
15828,1727,Geranium maculatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,367,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of smashed roots used as a wash for sore throats.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 367"
15864,1731,Geum aleppicum Jacq.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,39,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root used for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 39"
15884,1732,Geum calthifolium Menzies ex Sm.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,427,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root taken as a tonic for colds and sore throats.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
15933,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots used as a mouthwash for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
15976,1745,Gilia sp.,291,Zuni,6,s15,"52, 53",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant taken and applied to neck for swollen throat.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 52, 53"
15979,1747,Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,73,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a gargle for sore throat.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 73"
16027,1757,Glycyrrhiza glabra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used for hoarseness.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
16029,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,20,Bannock,111,m90,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root boiled into a tonic and taken for sore throat.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
16030,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,20,Bannock,111,m90,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for strong throat for singing.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
16035,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots taken for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
16055,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed or decoction of roots taken for sore throats.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
16063,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,35,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed and juice swallowed to strengthen the throat for singing.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 35"
16412,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion taken for sore throat .,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
16554,1820,Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx.,62,Delaware,97,t72,32,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of roots applied to sore throats.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 32"
16724,1842,Heliotropium curassavicum L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"84, 85",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 84, 85"
16729,1842,Heliotropium curassavicum L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"84, 85",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 84, 85"
16777,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,427,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves used to make a soothing drink for sore throats.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
16805,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled or dried root chewed for ulcerated sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
16922,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"85, 86",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of mashed root gargled and poultice applied for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86"
17060,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,138,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Decoction of roots used, especially for children & babies, to rinse out the mouth for sore throats.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 138"
17061,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,138,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Fresh root held in the mouth and sucked for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 138"
17068,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17089,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17167,1885,Hibiscus tiliaceus L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,39,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Shoots and buds chewed and swallowed for dry throat.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 39"
17195,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant taken for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
18092,2017,Iris versicolor L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plants and bulrush used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
18100,2017,Iris versicolor L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,57,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Herbs used for sore throat and root used for wounds.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57"
18124,2019,Isocoma acradenia var. acradenia,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,75,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves soaked in a pan of boiling water and steam inhaled for sore throats.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 75"
18452,2054,Juniperus communis L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of boughs or cones taken for tickles in the throat or tonsillitis.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18519,2054,Juniperus communis L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,4,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of branches taken for sore throats.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 4"
18545,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,169,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves used for a tickling in the throat.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169"
18597,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of boughs or cones taken for tickles in the throat or tonsillitis.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18838,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of twigs applied to neck for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18918,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of twigs applied to neck for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18958,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of boughs or cones taken for tickles in the throat or tonsillitis.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18959,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for a tickling in the throat.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
18960,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,36,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion taken for 'tickling of the throat.',"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19329,2079,Krameria grayi Rose & Painter,193,Pima,11,c49,91,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 91"
19365,2082,Lachnanthes caroliana (Lam.) Dandy,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
19545,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,22,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Sap chewed for sore throat.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22"
19626,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,284,Yavapai,48,g36,261,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for sore throat.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 261"
19839,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for sore throat.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
19870,2126,Ledum palustre L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,16,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of stems and leaves taken for sore throats.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16"
20017,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Pounded, dry root chewed for sore throat.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
20237,2180,Ligusticum porteri Coult. & Rose,291,Zuni,157,cb80,379,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Crushed root and water used as wash and taken for sore throat.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 379"
20601,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,291,Zuni,6,s15,56,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of root used and decoction of plant taken for sore throat.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 56"
20675,2222,Lobelia inflata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Chewed for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
20722,2230,Lomatium ambiguum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,70,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of flowers and upper leaves taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 70"
20734,2232,Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,37,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throat.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 37"
20797,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,129,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed and juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129"
20876,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,183,Paiute,12,tha41,97-100,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Raw root chewed and decoction of root taken for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100"
20902,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,97-100,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Raw root chewed for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100"
20923,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,276,Washo,12,tha41,97-100,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Raw root chewed for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100"
20936,2241,Lomatium graveolens var. graveolens,79,Gosiute,38,c11,351,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of roots used or poultice of root pulp applied for sore throats.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 351"
20937,2241,Lomatium graveolens var. graveolens,79,Gosiute,38,c11,376,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of mashed plant applied to throat for a sore throat.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 376"
20945,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,60,Crow,30,h92,26,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed and juice used for sore throats.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26"
20985,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,89,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Seeds chewed for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89"
21001,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,381,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Seeds kept in the mouth and the saliva swallowed to loosen the phlegm for hoarseness and coughs.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 381"
21002,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Seeds sucked for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
21010,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,215,Saanich,23,tb71,89,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Seeds chewed for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89"
21014,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,247,Songish,23,tb71,89,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Seeds chewed for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89"
21069,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,70,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of flowers and upper leaves taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 70"
21106,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,48,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark taken for colds and sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 48"
21212,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Decoction of sticks, leaves and all taken for sore throat.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21712,2345,Machaeranthera canescens ssp. canescens var. canescens,157,Navajo,74,e44,82,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dried and pulverized plant used as a snuff for throat troubles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 82"
21715,2346,Machaeranthera canescens ssp. canescens var. leucanthemifolia (Greene) Welsh,183,Paiute,12,tha41,49,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swollen jaw or neck glands.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 49"
21864,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,30,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
22040,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373374,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used for sore throat and headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374"
22042,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"62, 63",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root used for sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 62, 63"
22114,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Compound containing root used for sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
22134,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of rhizomes taken for a sore or ulcerated throat. The decoction was taken in several doses over a period of several days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22299,2394,Malus pumila P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,29,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken to loosen phlegm for hoarseness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
22300,2394,Malus pumila P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of inner bark used for lost voice and used as an ingredient in drink for dry throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
22417,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Taken for hoarseness.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
22431,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,18,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for sore throats.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 18"
22432,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,73,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant taken for sore throats.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 73"
22733,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed for sore throats.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
23172,2501,Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don,96,Houma,49,speck41,64,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Compound infusion gargled and decoction taken for tonsillitis or sore throat.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 64"
23193,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for swollen neck glands.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
23281,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"57, 58",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dried leaves worn around neck and decoction taken for sore throat.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 57, 58"
23394,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,261,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 261"
23395,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,261,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 261"
23437,2525,Morella cerifera (L.) Small,39,Choctaw,115,t40,13,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of roots used as a gargle for inflamed tonsils.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
23671,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,423,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of stems taken for sore throats and chills.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 423"
23732,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,124,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Dried, salty stalk strips sucked for colds with sore throatsus.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 124"
23843,2579,Nicotiana glauca Graham,131,Mahuna,5,r54,60,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to inflamed throat glands.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 60"
24268,2613,Oenothera albicaulis Pursh,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,37,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Compound poultice of plant applied for 'throat trouble.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37"
24317,2621,Oenothera flava (A. Nels.) Garrett,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of compound containing whole plant used for 'throat trouble.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38"
24331,2625,Oenothera pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W. Klein,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Soaked plant rubbed on throat and infusion taken for sore throat.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38"
24659,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of heated quills applied to swollen throats.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
24935,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Hot drink containing root taken for tickling in throat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
24960,2694,Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled or root chewed for sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
24965,2694,Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
24978,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
25016,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25045,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25139,2706,Oxalis corniculata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Chewed for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
25196,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Chewed for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
25238,2717,Oxytropis lagopus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throat and swelling.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
25239,2717,Oxytropis lagopus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
25257,2723,Oxytropis sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,40,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and liquid swallowed for sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 40"
25330,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25479,2742,Panicum sp.,228,Seminole,88,s54,236,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of plant taken & used as bath for gopher-tortoise sickness: cough, dry throat, noisy chest.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 236"
25660,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2304,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of fresh or dried leaves taken for sore throats.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2304"
25710,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of dried roots taken for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
25711,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,73,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed for sore throat.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73"
25925,2812,Penstemon jamesii Benth.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,44,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for sore throat.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44"
26000,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots or roots chewed for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
26028,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root used for sore throat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26261,2854,Phacelia crenulata var. corrugata (A. Nels.) Brand,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,59,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant used for sore throat.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
26638,2902,Phryma leptostachya L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled or root chewed for sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
26750,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for sore throat.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
26751,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26752,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
26757,2925,Physaria didymocarpa var. lanata A. Nels.,23,Blackfoot,139,n66,47,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throats.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
27011,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,2,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Pitch chewed for sore throats.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"
27060,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of cones used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27141,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Compound decoction of bark taken for throat trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
27261,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,210,Quinault,25,g73,17,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for throat problems.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27281,2939,Picea sp.,54,Cree,146,j87,18,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Cones chewed for sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
27437,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,28,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Pitch sucked and juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"
27446,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Gum used for sore throats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
27450,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,210,Quinault,25,g73,17,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Buds chewed for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27475,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Gum used for sore throats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
27476,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Salve of boiled sap and grease used for sore throats.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
27851,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Resin chewed or pulverized resin applied with swab for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
28219,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,267,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Taken for infections and sore throats.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 267"
28249,2977,Pinus strobus L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Boiled gum taken for sore throats.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
28464,3001,Plantago major L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"71, 72",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root taken to lubricate throat for removal of lodged bone.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 71, 72"
28582,3017,Platanus occidentalis L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,30,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark mixed with honey locust bark and used as a gargle for hoarseness and sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30"
28584,3017,Platanus occidentalis L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"25, 78",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Compound infusion of bark gargled for hoarseness and sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78"
28634,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,89,Havasupai,164,spier28,285,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed or boiled for throat irritations.,"Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 285"
28796,3046,Polygala senega L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,51,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Chewed root juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 51"
28805,3046,Polygala senega L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for sore throat.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
28980,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes chewed and juice swallowed for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
28985,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,158,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes chewed or sucked for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 158"
28989,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,30,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Long, slender rhizomes eaten as a medicine for sore throats.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30"
28992,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,312,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes used for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 312"
29007,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,59,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes chewed for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 59"
29010,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes chewed or infusion of rhizomes taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29014,3077,Polypodium hesperium Maxon,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes chewed or infusion of rhizomes taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29025,3080,Polypodium virginianum L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,48,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Roots chewed for swollen, sore throat and compound decoction used for stomach pain.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 48"
29029,3080,Polypodium virginianum L.,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,69,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes used for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
29042,3080,Polypodium virginianum L.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,69,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes used for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
29090,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,100,Iroquois,7,h77,257,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Powder inhaled and coughed up by a man who can't talk.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 257"
29093,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,134,Malecite,93,mech59,247,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed and used for hoarseness.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 247"
29094,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,59,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots used for hoarseness.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59"
29149,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,253,Swinomish,25,g73,13,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Raw plant chewed and eaten for sore throats or tonsillitis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29267,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of buds in dogfish oil taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29336,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,251,Squaxin,25,g73,26,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
29494,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,46,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark or leaves taken for sore throats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 46"
29760,3115,Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,350,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of roots taken for colds, fevers and chills caused by fever and sore throats.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 350"
29849,3131,Potentilla norvegica ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled or root chewed for sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
30185,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used or herb chewed for sore throats.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
30326,3164,Prunus cerasus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"28, 29",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark used for laryngitis.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28, 29"
30482,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"28, 29",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark used for laryngitis.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28, 29"
30579,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"28, 29",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark used for laryngitis.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28, 29"
30621,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,361,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark taken for colds and sore throats.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 361"
30713,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Berry juice used for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
30738,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,28,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken to loosen phlegm for hoarseness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 28"
30739,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"28, 29",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark used for laryngitis.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28, 29"
30764,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark gargled for sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
31102,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"51, 52",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Chewed for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51, 52"
31156,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,179,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Pitch chewed for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179"
31314,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Bud tips chewed for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31344,3204,Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,52,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Cold infusion gargled or poultice of leaves applied for sore throat.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52"
31352,3205,Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb.,17,Arapaho,111,m90,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Fresh leaves chewed for sore throat and voice.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
31353,3205,Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb.,17,Arapaho,139,n66,48,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for hoarseness.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
31385,3208,Psorothamnus polydenius (Torr. ex S. Wats.) Rydb.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,126,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of brush taken for sore throats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 126"
31794,3241,Pyrola elliptica Nutt.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"74, 130",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a wash for mouth sores and sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130"
31807,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots applied to swollen neck glands.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
31808,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,73,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root pieces used for throat lozenges.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73"
31869,3253,Quercus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark used for 'lost voice.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
31882,3253,Quercus alba L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,30,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark used for sore throats.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30"
31888,3253,Quercus alba L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,25,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Strong infusion of bark gargled for a sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
31980,3256,Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.,142,Midoo,109,m66,310,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed for sore throats.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 310"
32046,3262,Quercus falcata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark used for 'lost voice.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32170,3269,Quercus imbricaria Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark used for 'lost voice.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32319,3278,Quercus pagoda Raf.,96,Houma,49,speck41,56,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark and roots taken for sore throat or hoarseness.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 56"
32356,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,17,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken for hoarseness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
32357,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark used for 'lost voice.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32370,3285,Quercus rubra L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,30,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark used for hoarseness.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30"
32372,3285,Quercus rubra L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"25, 78",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark taken for hoarseness.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78"
32404,3287,Quercus rubra var. rubra,3,Alabama,115,t40,16,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark taken for sore throats.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
32411,3289,Quercus sp.,3,Alabama,128,swan28,665,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Boiled bark used for sore throat.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 665"
32444,3289,Quercus sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,302,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of inner bark used for 'sore throats that will not heal.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 302"
32501,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark used for 'lost voice.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32538,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark used for 'lost voice.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32549,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,62,Delaware,97,t72,30,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of inner bark used as a gargle for hoarseness.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30"
32551,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"25, 78",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken and used as a gargle for hoarseness.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78"
32630,3299,Ranunculus abortivus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion gargled for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
32651,3300,Ranunculus acris L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion gargled for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
32708,3315,Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion gargled for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
32815,3332,Rhexia virginica L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,60,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves and stems used as a throat cleanser.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 60"
32816,3332,Rhexia virginica L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,314,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,'Brew' from leaves and stems used for cleaning the throat.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314"
32845,3337,Rhododendron albiflorum Hook.,243,Skokomish,25,g73,43,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of buds taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43"
32949,3347,Rhus glabra L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,55,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots squeezed and juice swallowed for sore throat.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 55"
33066,3351,Rhus sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,370,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark given to children with throat rashes.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 370"
33067,3351,Rhus sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,371,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of cones or berries used as a wash for chancres and sore throats.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 371"
33291,3355,Rhus typhina L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,60,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Parts of plant used for sore throats.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 60"
33292,3355,Rhus typhina L.,141,Micmac,155,w22,25,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used for sore throats.,"Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 25"
33293,3355,Rhus typhina L.,141,Micmac,155,w22,25,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used for sore throats.,"Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 25"
33294,3355,Rhus typhina L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"75, 132",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Berries used to make a gargle for sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132"
33298,3355,Rhus typhina L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2244,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of gall infected leaves taken for sore throat.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2244"
33305,3355,Rhus typhina L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of leaves gargled for sore throat, tonsillitis and erysipelas.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 38"
33467,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Inner bark chewed and juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33496,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots boiled for sore throats.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
33498,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,32,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33530,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of stems and leaves taken for sore throats.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
33982,3422,Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,18,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of fruit 'hips' used for sore throats.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 18"
34077,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,241,Skagit,25,g73,34,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of roots taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34080,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of roots and sugar used for sore throats.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
34123,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,245,Snohomish,25,g73,34,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of roots taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34172,3432,Rosa sp.,60,Crow,30,h92,62,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of crushed roots taken for tonsillitis and sore throat.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 62"
34243,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of one handful of washed hips taken for sore, itchy throats.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34244,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of sticks taken for sore, itchy throats.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34289,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used with honey as a wash for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34352,3442,Rubus argutus Link,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used with honey as a wash for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34416,3448,Rubus flagellaris Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used with honey as a wash for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
35052,3471,Rubus trivialis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used with honey as a wash for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
35237,3485,Rumex crispus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves rubbed in mouth for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
35347,3485,Rumex crispus L.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,261,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of tubers gargled for sore throat.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 261"
35375,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,17,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 17"
35397,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,64,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dried and pounded root taken for sore throats.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64"
35398,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,"64, 65",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Powdered root eaten or piece of root held in mouth for sore throat.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64, 65"
35408,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed or decoction of roots used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
35443,3491,Rumex patientia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves rubbed in mouth for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
35463,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves used for sore throats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
35480,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,291,Zuni,6,s15,59,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Ground root or infusion taken for sore throat, especially by sword swallower.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 59"
35634,3517,Salix alba L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,12,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken for hoarseness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
35635,3517,Salix alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice and root chewed for hoarseness.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
35760,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,130,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Inner bark powdered, made into a paste and applied to 'sick' throats.","Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 130"
35831,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark or leaves used for sore throats.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35832,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves used for laryngitis.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35844,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,378,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark taken for sore throat.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 378"
35876,3532,Salix humilis Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice and root chewed for hoarseness.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
35981,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leaves used for sore throats.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
36001,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice and root chewed for hoarseness.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
36007,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,294,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used for mouth and throat abscesses.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 294"
36122,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots swallowed for throat constrictions.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
36182,3551,Salix sp.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,"5, 6",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark gargled for sore throat.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5, 6"
36183,3551,Salix sp.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,23,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner and outer bark gargled for sore throat.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 23"
36203,3551,Salix sp.,114,Klallam,25,g73,26,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
36346,3515,Salix ?pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica ? fragilis],32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice and root chewed for hoarseness.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
36442,3559,Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,136137,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leaf or stem given and used as a wash for children's sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 136137"
36465,3561,Salvia mellifera Greene,50,Costanoan,16,b84,16,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of heated leaves applied to the neck for sore throats.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 16"
36752,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,193,Pima,11,c49,75,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of flowers taken for sore throats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75"
37004,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,338,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed or poultice applied for sore throats.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 338"
37029,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,141,Micmac,188,r48,56,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots used for sore throats.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1948, Ethnobotanique Et Ethnozoologie Gaspesiennes, Archives de Folklore 3:51-64, page 56"
37046,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,377378,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root juice on maple sugar used for sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377378"
37059,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,68,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root juice squeezed on maple sugar as throat lozenge for mild sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 68"
37116,3582,Sanvitalia abertii Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Chewed leaves swallowed for sore throat.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
37203,3588,Sarracenia purpurea L.,141,Micmac,103,s17,316,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throat.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 316"
37306,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,228,Seminole,88,s54,281,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant used as a mouthwash and gargle for sore throats.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 281"
37517,3611,Scirpus microcarpus J.& K. Presl,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plants and blue flag used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
37519,3611,Scirpus microcarpus J.& K. Presl,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,61,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Herbs used for sore throats.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61"
37599,3626,Scutellaria lateriflora L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,422,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of powdered roots taken to keep throat clean.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 422"
37624,3635,Sedum sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,18,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of plant used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 18"
37722,3651,Senna marilandica (L.) Link,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,228,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Seeds soaked until mucilaginous, then eaten for sore throat.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 228"
37939,3659,Shepherdia rotundifolia Parry,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,32,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Ash used as lotion for sore throat.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 32"
38124,3700,Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx.,157,Navajo,74,e44,37,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used for throat troubles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 37"
38203,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Fruits used for hoarseness.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
38247,3716,Solanum carolinense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of seed gargled for sore throat and taken for goiter.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
38273,3720,Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.,157,Navajo,74,e44,97,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used for throat troubles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"
38414,3735,Solidago flexicaulis L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
38468,3744,Solidago sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant taken for sore throats and throat constrictions.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
38810,3813,Stachys bullata Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,17,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of leaves applied or decoction of roots used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 17"
38840,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,142,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of mashed root applied for throat pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 142"
38901,3825,Stenotus lanuginosus var. lanuginosus,157,Navajo,74,e44,96,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used for throat troubles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 96"
39150,3857,Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. parishii (Rydb.) Dempster,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,44,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used for sore throat.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 44"
39303,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled or dried root chewed for sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
39331,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,5,Aleut,94,s73,327,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of steamed or wilted leaves applied to sore throats.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 327"
39830,3946,Thlaspi arvense L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,341,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant taken for sore throats.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 341"
40426,3969,Townsendia incana Nutt.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"35, 99",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used to clear the throat.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35, 99"
40431,3971,Townsendia strigosa Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,368,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used to clear the throat.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 368"
40437,3971,Townsendia strigosa Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,89,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Dried, pulverized plants used as a snuff for throat troubles.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89"
40537,3986,Tragopogon pratensis L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Cold infusion gargled as ceremonial treatment for throat trouble.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
40763,4027,Triosteum perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,445,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Cold infusion of roots taken for dry throats.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 445"
40780,4029,Tripterocalyx carnea var. wootonii (Standl.) L.A. Gal.,291,Zuni,6,s15,61,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of powdered root taken for swollen glands, especially in the throat.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 61"
41078,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,241,Skagit,25,g73,17,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41502,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used for 'quinsies.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
41505,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark gargled or dried root chewed for sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
41524,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,306,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Raw bark chewed for sore throats.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 306"
41544,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"75, 132",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Inner bark chewed for sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132"
41548,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,392,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Inner bark used for dry, sore throat.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392"
41585,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"86, 87",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Inner bark used to lubricate throat for removal of lodged bone.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 86, 87"
41656,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,90,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for sore throats.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 90"
42453,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,9,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Raw berries chewed or juice gargled for sore throat.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9"
42569,4097,Valeriana uliginosa (Torr. & Gray) Rydb.,138,Menominee,51,s23,57,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for 'disorders of the throat and lungs.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 57"
42593,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of root applied for sore throats and enlarged glands from tonsillitis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42616,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of root applied for sore throats and enlarged glands from tonsillitis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42617,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Raw root chewed and juice swallowed for sore throats or inflamed tonsils.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42747,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of boiled roots used for sore throat. One informant cautioned that it should not be taken internally because of its extreme toxicity.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42826,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"77, 132",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dried leaves smoked for sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 77, 132"
42827,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,265,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves smoked for sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"
43035,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves and stems taken for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43036,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used in a gargle taken for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43037,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Twig tips chewed and swallowed for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43043,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,69,"Eskimo, Chugach",94,s73,326,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 326"
43071,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Berries eaten for sore throats.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43289,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root taken in small doses for sore throat.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
43545,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,37,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root bark chewed and the juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 37"
43644,4209,Xanthium spinosum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"29, 30",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bur used 'to unstick object in throat.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29, 30"
43694,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Stem chewed for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
44233,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of plants applied to the head for sore throats.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44307,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled or taken for sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
44311,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Inner bark placed in throat for sore throat.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
44352,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Bark or berries used for sore throat and tonsillitis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387"
44459,4244,Zea mays L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,27,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of plant applied as ceremonial medicine for sore throats.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27"
44627,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,97,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used for throat troubles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"