id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
457,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Decoction of four straight, young sticks used as a wash or taken for snakebites. The informant could not recall whether the decoction was taken internally or used as a wash.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
920,38,Achillea millefolium L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of plant used as a wash for insect or snake bites.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
978,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of plant used as a wash for insect or snake bites.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
979,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for snakebites.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
1019,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,9,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Dried, crushed and powdered leaves applied to snake bite wounds.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 9"
1578,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,258,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of wet, smashed fronds bound to snakebites.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 258"
2064,138,Allium canadense L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,63,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant rubbed on body for protection from poisonous snakebites.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 63"
2321,166,Allium vineale L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,63,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant rubbed on body for protection from poisonous snakebites.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 63"
3205,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of root blown on snakebite wound.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
3233,233,Amsonia tomentosa var. tomentosa,291,Zuni,6,s15,53,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound poultice of root applied with much ceremony to rattlesnake bite.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 53"
3563,267,Angelica sp.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,371,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root rubbed on legs to prevent rattlesnake bites.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 371"
4838,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,202,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root used for rattlesnake bite swellings.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 202"
4886,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root chewed and saliva spit on snakebite.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
4898,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,266,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of plant applied to snakebites.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
4899,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"70, 128",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pounded root applied to snakebite.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70, 128"
4906,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,27,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound poultice with mashed roots used as salve for snake bites.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 27"
5215,396,Artemisia filifolia Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,48,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Strong infusion taken in large amounts and used as lotion for snakebites.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
5673,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,45,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for water snake bites.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 45"
6115,432,Asclepias fascicularis Dcne.,25,California Indian,111,m90,47,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of fresh leaves used for snakebite.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 47"
6237,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of seeds used to draw poison from snakebites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6361,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,30,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of bruised leaves bound to snakebites.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30"
6363,448,Asclepias verticillata L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root chewed, saliva swallowed and strong decoction taken for snakebite.","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
6448,462,Astragalus amphioxys Gray,291,Zuni,157,cb80,376,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Fresh or dried root chewed by medicine man before sucking snakebite and poultice applied to wound.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 376"
6972,552,Baptisia alba var. macrophylla (Larisey) Isely,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,228,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound containing root used for rattlesnake bite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 228"
7408,605,Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of root 'boiled down to syrup' and rubbed on snake bite.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
7412,605,Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,352,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of mashed, fresh root applied to snakebite and used as repellant.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 352"
7659,662,Calla palustris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,278,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound decoction of roots and stems used as poultice on snake bites.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 278"
8091,748,Carex plantaginea Lam.,138,Menominee,51,s23,34,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root used as a charm to prevent snakebite and spittle from chewed root used on snakebite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 34"
8614,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,240241,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root used for snakebite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 240241"
8996,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of plant used as wash for insect and snake bites.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
9004,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"55, 56",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulped leaves and stems applied to rattlesnake bites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 55, 56"
9016,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of plant used as wash for insect and snake bites.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
9017,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Strong decoction of entire plant applied to insect and snakebites.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
9042,854,Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,48,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of chewed leaves applied and infusion taken for snakebite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
9150,865,Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,31,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Ground leaves and flowers used as a salve for rattlesnake bites.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 31"
9157,865,Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"73, 74",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of crushed, whole plant applied to snakebites.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 73, 74"
9176,868,Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Fresh plant rubbed on all snakebites, but especially rattlesnake bites.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
9213,876,Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. ocellata,144,Miwok,100,bg33,169,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Mashed leaves rubbed into snakebite to prevent swelling.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 169"
9214,877,Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. ex Parish,128,Luiseno,24,s08,231,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for rattlesnake bites.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231"
9221,877,Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. ex Parish,193,Pima,11,c49,99,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant chewed to cause vomiting and sweating for snakebites.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 99"
9222,877,Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. ex Parish,193,Pima,11,c49,99,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant juice used as wash and poultice of plant applied to snakebites.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 99"
9236,880,Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia,144,Miwok,100,bg33,170,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of plant applied, must be done immediately, to rattlesnake bites.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 170"
9849,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,71,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of split roots used for rattlesnake bites.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 71"
9885,943,Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"58, 59",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulped root applied to rattlesnake bites for the swelling.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 58, 59"
10572,1060,Conioselinum scopulorum (Gray) Coult. & Rose,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,34,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of plant used as a snake repellent.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34"
10620,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,50,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Cold infusion taken or used as lotion for snake bite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50"
11519,1146,Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,376,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Fresh or dried root chewed by medicine man before sucking snakebite and poultice applied to wound.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 376"
11524,1147,Cryptantha cinerea var. cinerea,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,40,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of plant applied or plant used as lotion for snakebites.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 40"
11544,1152,Cryptantha fulvocanescens (S. Wats.) Payson,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,40,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Cold infusion used as lotion for snake bite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40"
11765,1168,Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Used as a snakebite remedy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
11876,1197,Cyperus esculentus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,98,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of chewed roots applied to snakebites.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 98"
12137,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Plant paste used for poisonous tarantula, snake, spider and other insect bites.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12199,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,131,Mahuna,5,r54,43,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used as an antivenom for rattlesnakebites.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 43"
12267,1246,Daucus pusillus Michx.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,23,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for snake bites.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 23"
12270,1246,Daucus pusillus Michx.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,169,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of chewed plant applied to snakebite.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 169"
12762,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,61,Dakota,17,g19,131,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12774,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root used as an antidote for rattlesnake bites.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
12787,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12788,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,333,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of smashed roots applied to snakebites.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 333"
12798,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12808,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12823,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,131,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12852,1350,Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,368,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used as an antidote for snakebites.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 368"
13283,1420,Epixiphium wislizeni (Engelm. ex Gray) Munz,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,53,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Leaves heated with stones and rubbed onto snakebites.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
13550,1436,Eremocrinum albomarginatum (M.E. Jones) M.E. Jones,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,17,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snakebites.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 17"
13734,1470,Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,50,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound used for snake bites.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50"
13750,1473,Erigeron flagellaris Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"50, 51",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound poultice of plant applied to snake bite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50, 51"
13992,1503,Eriogonum divaricatum Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,19,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant smoked for snakebites.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 19"
14076,1516,Eriogonum leptophyllum (Torr. & Gray) Woot. & Standl.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,23,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of whole plant used internally and externally for snakebite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"
14237,1550,Eryngium aquaticum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root used as an 'anti-poison', especially good for snake bite.","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
14245,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Used as snakebite remedy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
14258,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655656,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of root used for snakebite.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655656"
14259,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,59,Creek,115,t40,45,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snakebites.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
14263,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,248,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root used for rattlesnake bites and bladder trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 248"
14297,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,295,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snakebites.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 295"
14488,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,142,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of chewed plants applied to rattlesnake bites.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 142"
14516,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,214,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root used for snakebite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 214"
15200,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,411,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of roots taken and applied as poultice to snakebites.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 411"
15208,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,233,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Decoction of flowers taken as an antidote for a bite, probably a snake bite.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233"
15223,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,12,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Leaves placed in sandals as a snake repellent.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12"
15710,1706,Gaura mollis James,95,Hopi,37,w39,86,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of root taken for snakebite.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 86"
15720,1706,Gaura mollis James,291,Zuni,157,cb80,377,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Fresh or dried root chewed by medicine man before sucking snakebite and poultice applied to wound.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377"
15770,1715,Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,222,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root used for snakebite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 222"
15978,1747,Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,73,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Leaves crushed with rocks and rubbed on snakebites.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 73"
16127,1765,Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,67,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of chewed leaves and swallowed juice used for snakebite, reference from 1796.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 67"
16193,1777,Grindelia nuda var. aphanactis (Rydb.) Nesom,291,Zuni,157,cb80,374,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Fresh or dried root chewed by medicine man before sucking snakebite and poultice applied to wound.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 374"
16298,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,46,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Chewed leaf juice taken for and rubbed on rattlesnake bites.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
16310,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,157,Navajo,74,e44,86,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snakebites.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86"
16330,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction used ceremonially for snakebite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
16559,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,158,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of crushed plants applied to snakebites.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158"
16636,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,"53, 54",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound poultice of root applied with much ceremony to rattlesnake bite.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 53, 54"
16637,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,375,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Fresh or dried root chewed by medicine man before sucking snakebite and poultice applied to wound.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 375"
17077,1870,Heuchera cylindrica var. glabella (Torr. & Gray) Wheelock,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,49,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of mashed, raw root applied to snakebites.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 49"
17620,1956,Hypericum ascyron L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,223,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Powder of boiled root applied to draw poison from water moccasin bite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 223"
17636,1962,Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root chewed, a portion swallowed and rest used as poultice for snakebite.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
17645,1963,Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root chewed, a portion swallowed and rest used as poultice for snakebite.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
17669,1966,Hypericum perforatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root chewed, a portion swallowed and rest used as poultice for snakebite.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
17903,1993,Ipomoea sagittata Poir.,96,Houma,49,speck41,"62, 63",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Leaf chewed and juice swallowed or poultice of chewed leaves used on snakebite.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 62, 63"
18301,2034,Juglans nigra L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,224225,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Coiled and charred twig bark and old bark applied in water for snake bite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 224225"
19673,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of chewed leaves placed on snakebites, insect bites and sores.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19674,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of chewed plant applied to snake bites.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19974,2149,Lesquerella intermedia (S. Wats.) Heller,95,Hopi,37,w39,"32, 77",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root eaten and poultice of chewed root used for snakebite.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32, 77"
20258,2183,Lilium canadense L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,352,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of root applied to snake bites.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 352"
20482,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction used as a wash for snakebite.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
21538,2331,Lycopus virginicus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root chewed, a portion swallowed, the rest applied to snakebite wound.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
22089,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,100,Iroquois,7,h77,283,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Roots bound to spoiled snakebites.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 283"
22368,2408,Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose,30,Catawba,115,t40,10,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for snakebites.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 10"
22369,2408,Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose,30,Catawba,75,s37,191,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of roots taken and used externally for snakebite.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 191"
22374,2408,Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose,59,Creek,138,c51,289,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of root in sweet milk taken or used as wash for rattlesnake bite.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
22375,2408,Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose,59,Creek,138,c51,289,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root chewed and swallowed or used externally for rattlesnake bite.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
22376,2408,Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,297,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snakebites.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 297"
22575,2438,Melothria pendula L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,64,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulverized leaves and gunpowder applied to moccasin bite.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 64"
22879,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,36,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound containing leaves used for snake bite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36"
23785,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of chewed leaves bound on snakebite after removing poison.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23815,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,291,Zuni,6,s15,54,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Smoke blown over body for throbbing from rattlesnake bite.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 54"
23928,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Juice applied to snakebite.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
23967,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Juice applied to snakebite.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
24330,2625,Oenothera pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W. Klein,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,38,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of root and leaves used as a lotion for snake bites.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38"
24677,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,125,Lakota,156,k90,32,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Cut stems used for rattlesnake bites.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
25015,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulped roots applied to snakebites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25044,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulped roots applied to snakebites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25073,2699,Osmorhiza sp.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,171,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Chewed and put on snake bite.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 171"
25082,2700,Osmunda cinnamomea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root chewed, a portion swallowed and remainder applied to the wound.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
25879,2806,Penstemon eatonii Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,42,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of plant applied to snakebites.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42"
25931,2817,Penstemon palmeri Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,43,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of plant applied to snakebite sores.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 43"
25940,2821,Penstemon sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,77,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion taken and poultice of pounded leaves applied to rattlesnake bites.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 77"
28320,2983,Piperia sp.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,34,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for rattlesnake bites.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 34"
28365,2996,Plantago aristata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion used for snakebites.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28382,2999,Plantago lanceolata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion used for snakebites.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28408,3001,Plantago major L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion used for snakebites.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28414,3001,Plantago major L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,353,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of chopped, fresh leaves and root applied to snakebites.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 353"
28444,3001,Plantago major L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,266,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Leaves bound over snakebites to draw out poison.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
28445,3001,Plantago major L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,74,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of fresh leaves applied to snake and insect bites to remove poison.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74"
28455,3001,Plantago major L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380381,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of soaked leaves bound on snakebites.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380381"
28535,3009,Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl.,228,Seminole,88,s54,297,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Roots used for snakebites.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 297"
28771,3045,Polygala rugelii Shuttlw. ex Chapman,228,Seminole,88,s54,297,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of plant taken for snakebites.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 297"
28783,3046,Polygala senega L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root chewed, 'sufficient quantity' swallowed and wound poulticed with the rest.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
29397,3099,Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides,39,Choctaw,115,t40,12,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Decoction of stems, bark and leaves used as a steambath for snakebites.","Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
29398,3099,Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Steam from decoction of stems, bark and leaves used for snake bites.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
29870,3137,Prenanthes alba L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,478,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of roots applied to rattlesnake bites.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 478"
29874,3138,Prenanthes altissima L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,480,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of smashed roots applied to rattlesnake bites.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 480"
29887,3141,Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Fern.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,479,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Roots used for rattlesnake bites.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 479"
31057,3187,Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,125126,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of crushed, green plant or moistened dried plant used on snakebites.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126"
31070,3187,Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,125126,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of crushed, green plant applied to snakebites.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126"
31345,3204,Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene,291,Zuni,6,s15,53,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound poultice of root applied with much ceremony to rattlesnake bite.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 53"
32642,3299,Ranunculus abortivus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of smashed root used as a wash for snakebites.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
32738,3322,Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,188,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of leaves and stems used as wash to draw out poison of a rattlesnake's bite.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
32739,3322,Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,23,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Leaves and stems boiled and solution used for rattlesnake bites.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 23"
33364,3360,Ribes aureum var. villosum DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of plant parts applied to snakebites.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
35129,3475,Rudbeckia fulgida Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Used as wash for snakebites.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
35136,3476,Rudbeckia hirta L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Used as wash for snakebites.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
37065,3573,Sanicula bipinnata Hook. & Arn.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,172,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of boiled plant applied to snakebites.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172"
37067,3574,Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl. ex Hook.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,172,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of leaves applied to snakebites.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172"
37073,3576,Sanicula crassicaulis Poepp. ex DC.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,173,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of leaves used for rattlesnake bites and other wounds.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173"
37088,3577,Sanicula marilandica L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,61,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Roots used as a snakebite remedy and for rheumatism.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61"
37090,3577,Sanicula marilandica L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pounded root applied to rattlesnake bite or any snakebite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
37115,3582,Sanvitalia abertii Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,53,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound decoction of plant used for snake bite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"
37489,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,100,Iroquois,7,h77,275,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound decoction of roots and stems used as a poultice for snake bite.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 275"
38279,3720,Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,378,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Fresh or dried root chewed by medicine man before sucking snakebite and poultice applied to wound.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 378"
38636,3771,Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"60, 61",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulverized roots applied to snakebites.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 60, 61"
38906,3827,Stephanomeria minor var. minor,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of powdered plants applied to rattlesnake bites.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
38909,3827,Stephanomeria minor var. minor,291,Zuni,6,s15,58,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulverized plant applied and infusion taken for rattlesnake bite.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 58"
39164,3865,Symphyotrichum falcatum var. crassulum (Rydb.) Nesom,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,48,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound decoction of plant taken and used as lotion for snake bite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
39197,3874,Symphyotrichum praealtum var. praealtum,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,48,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction used ceremonially for snakebite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
39609,3908,Tephrosia florida (F.G. Dietr.) C.E. Wood,116,Koasati,115,t40,33,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of roots applied to snakebites.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
39760,3930,Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr‚m.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,67,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Powdered plant used to keep snakes away.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"
40327,3959,Tilia americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Bark from tree struck by lightning chewed and spit on snakebite.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40390,3961,Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Bark from tree struck by lightning chewed and spit on snakebite.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40462,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,273,Wailaki,89,c02,364,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of fresh leaves applied to rattlesnake bites.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 364"
40520,3983,Tragia nepetifolia Cav.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,31,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used as a lotion to keep snakes away.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31"
40772,4027,Triosteum perfoliatum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,207208,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root used for snakebite and poultice used for old, raw sores.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207208"
40779,4029,Tripterocalyx carnea var. wootonii (Standl.) L.A. Gal.,291,Zuni,6,s15,61,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of powdered root taken for snakebite.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 61"
42591,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,183,Paiute,153,k32,195,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of chewed roots applied to snakebites.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 195"
42592,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulped root applied to snakebites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42615,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulped root applied to snakebites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42629,4104,Veratrum sp.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,49,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of mashed, raw root applied to snakebites.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 49"
42909,4116,Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman,291,Zuni,6,s15,"53, 54",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound poultice of root applied with much ceremony to rattlesnake bite.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 53, 54"
43449,4179,Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore,228,Seminole,88,s54,297,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of plant used to wash snakebites.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 297"
43536,4188,Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,352,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of smashed plants applied to snakebites.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 352"
43643,4209,Xanthium spinosum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"29, 30",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Roots chewed for rattlesnake bite.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29, 30"
43751,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,10,Apache,58,bc41,51,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Emulsion used in cases of snake or insect bites.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 51"
44601,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149150,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of bulb used for rattlesnake bites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"