id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
15,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
166,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
817,38,Achillea millefolium L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,61,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for internal organs.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"
2543,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for undiagnosed internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
3264,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of flowers taken for internal disorders.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
5897,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,3,g83,261,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Root juice taken for internal healing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 261"
8975,843,Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,18,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of roots used for internal ills.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 18"
9289,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,100,Iroquois,7,h77,389,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of roots taken for internal injuries from lifting.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 389"
12605,1317,Dirca palustris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,388,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Root used for internal inflammation.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 388"
16926,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Infusion of roots taken to kill all the internal germs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
18730,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"39, 40",2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Berries eaten or decoction of berries used 'for every kind of internal chill.',"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 39, 40"
20216,2177,Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,64,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Roots used as a good general internal medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64"
21012,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,89,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Seeds swallowed for internal complaints.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89"
21725,2348,Machaeranthera gracilis (Nutt.) Shinners,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,47,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of plant taken for internal injury.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
22240,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Bark used for any internal ailment.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22241,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Bark used for internal organs.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
25603,2765,Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,202,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction or infusion of plant used for internal ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 202"
25654,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of plant taken for internal swelling and poultice applied for external swelling.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
25662,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,83,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Root used by Prairie Potawatomi for both internal and external swellings.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 83"
26884,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,126,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Infusion of branch tips taken to 'heal the insides.',"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 126"
26973,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Infusion of inner bark taken for 'inward troubles for either man or woman.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
27047,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,127,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Infusion of branch tips used for 'healing the insides.',"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 127"
28352,2994,Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,52,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Plant dried, chewed for the juice and swallowed for internal ailments.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 52"
29856,3133,Potentilla recta L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,127,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken for all types of internal troubles.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
33004,3347,Rhus glabra L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,149,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of plant used after internal surgery, to make the wounds heal faster.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 149"
34812,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Dried, powdered leaves eaten for internal disorders.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
37955,3666,Sidalcea neomexicana Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,36,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Cold infusion of plant taken for internal injury.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36"
39196,3874,Symphyotrichum praealtum var. praealtum,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,48,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Cold infusion of whole plant used for internal injury.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
39462,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,85,Haihais,14,c93,319,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of wood and bark used for internal ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39491,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,319,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of wood and bark used for internal ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39568,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,187,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Plant used for internal ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
40506,3979,Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,20,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of root taken for internal injury.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20"
40937,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,51,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Moxa of twigs applied to the skin for 'various internal ailments.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
40938,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Twigs burned and used to cauterize the skin for internal ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
41029,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,133,Makah,25,g73,17,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of plant taken for internal injury.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41037,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of bark, grand fir and red alder barks taken for internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41093,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,51,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Moxa of twigs applied to the skin for 'various internal ailments.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"