id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
2915,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries and red osier dogwood berries used as a favorite snack reserved for men.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2916,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,26,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries used to make tasty snacks.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"
2951,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,28,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Sun dried fruit eaten raw as a sweet snack.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28"
9590,913,Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,38,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Leaves used for a nibble.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 38"
10825,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,102,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries used as a nibble food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 102"
10832,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,36,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Fruit eaten as a fresh nibble.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
11003,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries and saskatoon berries used as a favorite snack reserved for men.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
11255,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Nuts eaten for refreshments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11584,1160,Cucurbita digitata Gray,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,7,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Seeds roasted and eaten as a snack food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
11738,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,30,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Seeds eaten as 'tid-bits.',"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30"
11895,1203,Cyperus sp.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Tubers eaten as snack food primarily by children.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
12478,1292,Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Bulbs eaten primarily by children as snack food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
12883,1357,Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Fruit eaten primarily by children as a snack food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
14830,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,256,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Flowers sucked by children for nectar.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256"
14984,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,38,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Fresh fruit eaten on sight as a nibble.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
15576,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,102,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries used as a nibble food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 102"
17919,1996,Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata,115,Klamath,66,c97,103,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Nectar sucked from flowers by children.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 103"
20313,2189,Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum (Nutt.) Ker-Gawl.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,43,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Bulb segments eaten dried as a nibble.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 43"
22359,2404,Mammillaria grahamii var. grahamii,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,"Pulp eaten, primarily by children, as a snack food.","Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
24068,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,17,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Parched seeds eaten like popcorn.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17"
25077,2700,Osmunda cinnamomea L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,152,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Used as a nibble.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152"
26004,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Roots eaten as snacks by children while playing on the prairie.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
26504,2894,Phoradendron californicum Nutt.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,7,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Fruits eaten raw or boiled as a snack food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
26662,2912,Physalis acutifolia (Miers) Sandw.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Fruit eaten primarily by children as a snack food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
29489,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Catkins eaten as a snack food by all age groups.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
29490,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,7,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Flowers eaten as a snack food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
29577,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Cambium used as a snack food by children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
29710,3109,Porphyra laciniata (Lightfoot) Agardh.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,141,1,Food,10,Snack Food,"Leaves sun dried, chopped, dried and eaten raw like popcorn.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 141"
29727,3112,Porphyra sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,262,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Plants sun dried and eaten as a snack.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 262"
29913,3147,Proboscidea sp.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,7,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Seeds eaten raw as a snack food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
30087,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Catkins eaten as a snack food by all age groups.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
30088,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Sap eaten as a snack food by all age groups.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
30163,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Catkins eaten as a snack food by all age groups.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
30164,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Sap eaten as a snack food by all age groups.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
32527,3292,Quercus turbinella Greene,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,7,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Fruits eaten raw as a snack food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
33871,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,55,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Ripe hips eaten as a nibble.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 55"
35617,3516,Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,59,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Inner bark eaten raw with seal oil and sugar as a winter tidbit.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 59"
36756,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,7,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Fruits eaten raw as a snack food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
37550,3614,Scirpus sp.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Tubers eaten as snack food primarily by children.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
41558,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Bark cooked with rendering fat and prized by children as special tidbits.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
42468,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,64,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries eaten raw as a nibble.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64"
43041,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Fruit eaten raw as a nibble.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43042,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Fruit left to freeze on the bush and eaten as a nibble.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43562,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,5,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Fruit eaten primarily by children as a snack food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"
44417,4244,Zea mays L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,71,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Seeds used to make popcorn.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71"
44531,4244,Zea mays L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,73,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Corn used to make popcorn.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73"