id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
2914,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,26,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make preserves.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"
2997,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
2998,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,9,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits made into jams and jellies.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9"
3046,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries jammed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3149,214,Amelanchier sp.,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries collected in large quantities and cured.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
4455,341,Arctostaphylos pringlei Parry,157,Navajo,121,l86,23,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 23"
4487,345,Arctostaphylos sp.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,15,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 15"
5527,404,Artemisia sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
6222,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,125,Lakota,108,r80,34,1,Food,1,Preserves,Open flowers cut up for a sort of preserve.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 34"
6286,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Flowers cut up, stewed and eaten like preserves.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
8151,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,147,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make a kind of butter.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147"
8164,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,19,c35,19,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits made into a conserve.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
8165,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits made into jam.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
8166,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,1,Preserves,Juice made into cactus jam and used as the most important sweet in the diet.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8167,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Pulp boiled to a sweet, sticky mass and used like raspberry jam.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8188,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,17,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruit boiled, without sugar, to make preserves.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 17"
8217,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,4,1,Food,1,Preserves,Pulp used to make jam.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4"
8218,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,4,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds ground, mixed with grains and used to make a paste resembling peanut butter.","Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4"
8779,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46"
8988,845,Cereus sp.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,156,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make a kind of butter.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156"
9760,927,Chrysobotrya odorata (Wendl.) Cockerell,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jelly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
11374,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,66,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 66"
11385,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jam or jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11685,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,221,1,Food,1,Preserves,Dried fruit boiled with large amounts of sugar into a preserve.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221"
12408,1275,Descurainia sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
12902,1363,Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm.,101,Isleta,76,j31,27,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit eaten as conserves.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12903,1363,Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm.,101,Isleta,19,c35,26,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruits, with spines removed by burning, made into a conserve.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26"
12913,1364,Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus,101,Isleta,19,c35,26,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruits, with spines removed by burning, made into a conserve.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26"
13062,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,79,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries mixed with other berries and used to make jelly.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 79"
13089,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
14833,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,81,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into a jam.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 81"
14841,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,133,Makah,3,g83,262,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jams and jellies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 262"
14844,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14857,1633,Fragaria chiloensis ssp. lucida (Vilm.) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14859,1634,Fragaria chiloensis ssp. pacifica Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14900,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14931,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14959,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,91,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruit gathered, cultivated and preserved.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 91"
14976,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,56,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56"
14998,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,263,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked into a jam for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263"
15006,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make preserves for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
15018,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
15034,1641,Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
15428,1676,Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
15564,1701,Gaultheria ovatifolia Gray,94,Hoh,77,r36,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits stewed and made into jelly.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
15567,1701,Gaultheria ovatifolia Gray,209,Quileute,77,r36,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits stewed and made into jelly.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67"
15649,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jellies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15662,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15671,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam or jelly.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
15702,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jams.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15727,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,39,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and canned for future use.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 39"
15747,1709,Gaylussacia ursina (M.A. Curtis) Torr. & Gray ex Gray,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,39,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jelly or canned for future use.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 39"
15968,1744,Gilia sinuata Dougl. ex Benth.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
16572,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
16662,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
18572,2056,Juniperus deppeana Steud.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,45,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries boiled and made into jelly or preserves.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45"
19923,2136,Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
21431,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,95,Hopi,184,n43,19,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked to make a jam-like food and served with fresh piki bread.,"Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 19"
21835,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,254,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make preserves.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21848,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,78,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78"
21856,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,225,Sanpoil,32,tbk80,85,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries boiled into a jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
21878,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21897,2373,Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruit cooked with a sweet substance, strained and eaten as jelly.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46"
21901,2373,Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde,207,Pueblo,19,c35,19,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
21902,2373,Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde,249,Spanish American,19,c35,19,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
21905,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,94,Hoh,77,r36,61,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
21910,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,254,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make preserves.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21918,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,209,Quileute,77,r36,61,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
21919,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,78,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78"
21923,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,241,Skagit,25,g73,30,1,Food,1,Preserves,Ripe berries used to make jam.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
21935,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21991,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,18,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jams and jellies.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 18"
21992,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,8,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8"
22028,2377,Mahonia sp.,145,Modesse,109,m66,224,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 224"
22186,2388,Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,56,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make clear jelly.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56"
22253,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,1,Food,1,Preserves,Ripe fruit used to make jelly.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22294,2393,Malus ioensis var. ioensis,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,263,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit reduced to jelly.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263"
22864,2446,Mentzelia affinis Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,41,1,Food,1,Preserves,Seeds parched and ground into a 'peanut butter' like substance.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41"
22868,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
22875,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,41,1,Food,1,Preserves,Seeds parched and ground into a 'peanut butter' like substance.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41"
22886,2448,Mentzelia congesta Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,41,1,Food,1,Preserves,Seeds parched and ground into a 'peanut butter' like substance.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41"
22888,2449,Mentzelia dispersa S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,41,1,Food,1,Preserves,Seeds parched and ground into a 'peanut butter' like substance.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41"
22936,2460,Mentzelia veatchiana Kellogg,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,41,1,Food,1,Preserves,Seeds parched and ground into a 'peanut butter' like substance.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41"
23490,2532,Morus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,48,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 48"
24022,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,101,Isleta,76,j31,35,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit eaten preserved.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
24731,2665,Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm.,157,Navajo,121,l86,14,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Pads peeled, sliced, roasted, boiled in sugar water until dissolved into a syrup & eaten like jelly.","Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 14"
24732,2665,Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm.,157,Navajo,121,l86,14,1,Food,1,Preserves,Plant used to make jelly.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 14"
24757,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,17,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into preserves.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17"
24819,2670,Opuntia sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,35,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit eaten as conserves.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
24826,2670,Opuntia sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,45,1,Food,1,Preserves,Ripe fruits gathered in large quantities and used fresh in jams.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
26709,2918,Physalis pubescens L.,157,Navajo,121,l86,17,1,Food,1,Preserves,Sour berries used to make jam.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 17"
26716,2919,Physalis sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,9,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make preserves.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 9"
27551,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
27614,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,222,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Nuts roasted, cracked and shelled on a metate, ground fine, made into butter and used with bread.","Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222"
27615,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,21,1,Food,1,Preserves,Roasted nuts mashed into a butter.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21"
27659,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Roasted, ground nuts made into butter & spread on corn cakes or mixed with roasted, ground corn.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
28706,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,62,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fresh, ripe fruits preserved.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 62"
28712,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,256,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits cooked into a conserve.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256"
29936,3153,Prosopis glandulosa Torr.,10,Apache,19,c35,45,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Beans boiled, pounded or ground, hand kneaded and made into a jam.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45"
30109,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,28,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Gumlike secretions found on branches, dried, ground, mixed with saguaro syrup and eaten like jam.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28"
30228,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
30271,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,263,1,Food,1,Preserves,Plums made into plum butter for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263"
30302,3161,Prunus andersonii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruit boiled, sweetened with sugar and used to make jelly.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30347,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,94,Hoh,77,r36,64,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits used to make jelly.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 64"
30392,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,209,Quileute,77,r36,64,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits used to make jelly.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 64"
30452,3171,Prunus nigra Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,95,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into preserves.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 95"
30459,3171,Prunus nigra Ait.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,263,1,Food,1,Preserves,Plums made into plum butter for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263"
30462,3171,Prunus nigra Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,1,Preserves,Large quantities of plums found in thickets and gathered for preserves.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
30468,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,95,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jelly.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 95"
30487,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,58,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 58"
30490,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,53,1,Food,1,Preserves,Juice used to make jelly.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 53"
30546,3174,Prunus pumila L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries sometimes gathered and preserved.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
30694,3178,Prunus sp.,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries collected in large quantities and cured.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
30708,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,96,1,Food,1,Preserves,Cherries made into preserves.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 96"
30901,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,54,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 54"
30912,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,356,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits made into a jelly and used for food.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 356"
30917,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,1,Food,1,Preserves,Ripe fruit collected each fall and made into marmalade.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
30977,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit cooked to make a preserve.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46"
31013,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,249,Spanish American,19,c35,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits made into jelly and jam.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 46"
32622,3297,Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,50,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries gathered to make jelly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
32623,3297,Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,50,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries gathered to make jelly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
32801,3329,Rhamnus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,131,1,Food,1,Preserves,Plant boiled into a jelly-like substance and eaten.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131"
32807,3330,Rheum rhabarbarum L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,340,1,Food,1,Preserves,Stalks used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 340"
33018,3349,Rhus microphylla Engelm. ex Gray,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Dried fruits ground, pulp mixed with water and sugar and cooked to make jam.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46"
33080,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Dried fruits ground, pulp mixed with water and sugar and cooked to make jam.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46"
33081,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,49,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits formerly used to make jam.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49"
33089,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,139,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries mixed with sugar and made into jam.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139"
33338,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jams and preserves.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33366,3360,Ribes aureum var. villosum DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jelly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
33380,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,68,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made excellent jam.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 68"
33397,3362,Ribes californicum Hook. & Arn.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,59,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fresh berries boiled into a jelly.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59"
33422,3364,Ribes cereum var. pedicellare Brewer & S. Wats.,2,Acoma,19,c35,49,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits preserved and eaten.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 49"
33430,3364,Ribes cereum var. pedicellare Brewer & S. Wats.,101,Isleta,76,j31,42,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit eaten preserved.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
33432,3364,Ribes cereum var. pedicellare Brewer & S. Wats.,124,Laguna,19,c35,49,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits preserved and eaten.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 49"
33451,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,87,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit preserved.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 87"
33455,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,71,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries preserved.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71"
33460,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into preserves for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33464,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,109,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jams and jellies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 109"
33514,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,55,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Berries used to make jam and eaten with fish, meat or bannock.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 55"
33523,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,1,Preserves,Currants used to make jam.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
33585,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33597,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,260,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 260"
33611,3377,Ribes leptanthum Gray,249,Spanish American,19,c35,49,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits used to make jelly.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 49"
33659,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make preserves for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33685,3390,Ribes quercetorum Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,59,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fresh berries boiled into a jelly.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59"
33691,3391,Ribes roezlii Regel,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,59,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fresh berries boiled into a jelly.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59"
33721,3396,Ribes sp.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 67"
33723,3396,Ribes sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,73,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 73"
33748,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,87,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jams and jellies.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 87"
33765,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jams and preserves.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33774,3400,Ribes velutinum var. velutinum,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,59,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fresh berries boiled into a jelly.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59"
33778,3402,Ribes wolfii Rothrock,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,44,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44"
33865,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,89,1,Food,1,Preserves,Rose hip juice used to make jellies.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 89"
33866,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,89,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Rose hip pulp, with seeds and skins removed, used to make jams and marmalades.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 89"
33877,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,101,1,Food,1,Preserves,Used to make jam or jelly.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 101"
33905,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Rose hips used to make jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
33920,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,1,Preserves,Hips used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33944,3419,Rosa arkansana Porter,125,Lakota,156,k90,39,1,Food,1,Preserves,Petals used to make jam.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
34035,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 22"
34037,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,27,Carrier,134,c73,86,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 86"
34070,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,213,Rocky Boy,111,m90,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 22"
34103,3428,Rosa nutkana var. hispida Fern.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 22"
34105,3428,Rosa nutkana var. hispida Fern.,213,Rocky Boy,111,m90,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 22"
34251,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,1,Preserves,Hips used to make jelly. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34266,3436,Rosa woodsii var. woodsii,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,Rose pulps squeezed into water and boiled to make jelly.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46"
34321,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,264,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jams.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264"
34325,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
34330,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,91,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make a superior jelly.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 91"
34342,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34378,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits used to make jelly.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 67"
34404,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34444,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,93,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jams and jellies.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 93"
34448,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,92,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit preserved.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 92"
34452,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34507,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34513,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit frozen or made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34549,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
34566,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,109,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Berries, a favorite article of food, made into jams and jellies.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 109"
34579,3455,Rubus laciniatus Willd.,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34591,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34617,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34687,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,57,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 57"
34754,3462,Rubus odoratus L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,57,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 57"
34775,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Berries cooked with wild raspberries and other fruits into a thick jam, dried and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34795,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,74,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
34834,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34878,3465,Rubus pedatus Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,99,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make an excellent jelly.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 99"
34905,3469,Rubus sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,169,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits used to make jelly.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 169"
34906,3469,Rubus sp.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,94,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make preserves.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 94"
34909,3469,Rubus sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,79,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 79"
34917,3469,Rubus sp.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,57,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly and jam.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 57"
34918,3469,Rubus sp.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,58,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 58"
34948,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,101,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jams and jellies.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 101"
35006,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35071,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,133,Makah,3,g83,278,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits used to make jam.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 278"
36495,3564,Sambucus nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jellies.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
36527,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,62,1,Food,1,Preserves,Dried or fresh berries used to make jelly.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"
36546,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jelly and used for food.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
36562,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
36603,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked to make jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36641,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,138,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jams and jellies.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138"
36658,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jellies.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
36659,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,32,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 32"
36728,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,256,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked without sugar into a conserve.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256"
36753,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,193,Pima,11,c49,75,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jams and jellies.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75"
36778,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
36795,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,63,1,Food,1,Preserves,Cooked fruit made excellent jelly and jam.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
36858,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruit cooked with a sweet substance, strained and eaten as jelly.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46"
36893,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Berries pounded, dried, soaked in water until jam like, mixed with sugar and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
36897,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,90,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 90"
37764,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,17,Arapaho,139,n66,49,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
37782,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
37820,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,27,Carrier,134,c73,76,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 76"
37821,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37823,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,181,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make excellent preserves.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 181"
37925,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37941,3660,Shepherdia sp.,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries collected in large quantities and cured.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
38061,3688,Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,258,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries parched and ground to consistency of peanut butter.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258"
38870,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits made into jam.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
38871,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,Juice made into cactus jam and used as the most important sweet in the diet.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
38872,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Pulp boiled to a sweet, sticky mass and used like raspberry jam.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
38883,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,17,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruit boiled, without sugar, to make preserves.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 17"
41776,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,1,Food,1,Preserves,Plant boiled with sugar to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41959,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into preserves and butter.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
41967,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,96,1,Food,1,Preserves,Flowers used to make preserves.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 96"
42000,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used in jams.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42015,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into preserves and butter.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
42029,4075,Vaccinium deliciosum Piper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used in jams.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42065,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,63,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jams and jellies.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 63"
42066,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used for making jelly.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
42075,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries canned or refrigerated for future use.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42084,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,218,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218"
42118,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,63,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam and eaten with fish and bannock.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 63"
42120,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries ordered and used to make preserves.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
42124,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,96,1,Food,1,Preserves,Flowers used to make preserves.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 96"
42163,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries preserved or made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
42196,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries canned or refrigerated for future use.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42216,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked and made into jam or jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
42217,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries stored with water in jars.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
42272,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
42273,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries stored with water in jars.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
42283,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,3,g83,307,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam and jellies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307"
42302,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42305,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,105,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make a very superior jelly.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 105"
42314,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used for jam.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
42356,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,221,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 221"
42372,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used in jams.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42396,4087,Vaccinium sp.,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries collected in large quantities and cured.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
42432,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,9,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries gathered and preserved in quantity.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9"
42434,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,109,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries mixed with rose hip pulp and sugar to make jam.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 109"
42437,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,27,Carrier,134,c73,76,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 76"
42440,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jams and jellies.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 22"
42461,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,9,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9"
42464,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,9,Anticosti,150,r46,68,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jams and jellies.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 68"
43025,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,111,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 111"
43030,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,27,Carrier,134,c73,77,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 77"
43040,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam or jelly.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43050,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam or jelly.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
43062,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,281,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Berries steamed, covered with oil, preserved and used for food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 281"
43066,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,91,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 91"
43080,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43084,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,201,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 201"
43110,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used in jam with wild grapes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
43137,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jelly.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
43140,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,107,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into preserves.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 107"
43178,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,256,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked into a jam.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256"
43382,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,369,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits used to make jelly.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 369"
43401,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,42,1,Food,1,Preserves,Grapes gathered in large quantities and made into jams and jellies.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 42"
43508,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,72,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries eaten preserved or jellied.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 72"
43515,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,411,1,Food,1,Preserves,Frosted grapes made into jelly for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 411"
43552,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
43777,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,54,1,Food,1,Preserves,Dried fruits eaten as a paste.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43828,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,184,n43,18,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruits sun dried, boiled into jam and eaten with corn dumplings or boiled bread.","Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 18"
43862,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,54,1,Food,1,Preserves,Dried fruits eaten as a paste.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43883,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43903,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make preserves.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43952,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruit pared, pulp chewed, cooked, dried and eaten as a conserve.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 12"
43987,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,19,c35,54,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Flesh cooked, made into pats, sun dried and eaten as a conserve.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43988,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,72,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into conserves and used for food.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 72"