id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
3779,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,39,4,Fiber,,,Used for the medicinal properties and as a fibrous material.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 39"
3833,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,146,Modoc,66,c97,103,4,Fiber,,,Used as a fiber.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 103"
4192,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,,,"Wood used for carving, will not split when dry.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
14783,1621,Fomes sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,50,4,Fiber,,,Used to draw pictures on.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
16148,1769,Gossypium thurberi Todaro,188,Papago,160,cb42,106,4,Fiber,,,Used as a source of fiber.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 106"
41892,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,128,Luiseno,24,s08,202,4,Fiber,,,Plant sometimes used for fiber.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202"
43571,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,,,"Leaves used to obtain fiber. The two fibers of each leaf were collected at the end of June or the first part of July.  The rachis was pounded and fibers fell out.  For designs, the fibers were dyed with Alnus bark.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43572,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,,,Leaves used to obtain fiber. Fibers were harvested when leaves were fully grown and then dyed with alder bark.  The strands could be dyed by chewing in Alnus bark and running the fibers through the mouth or by pounding the bark in a mortar and pestle.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
378,15,Acacia greggii Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,225,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split twigs used as basket material.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225"
381,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thorns removed, twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
400,17,Acacia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs split and used to coil around the edges of baskets.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 14"
404,18,Acacia willardiana,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Splints used to make the woof for basketry.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
417,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,285,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285"
424,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,210,Quinault,25,g73,40,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Straight shoots used to make openwork baskets for general household utilities.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
465,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
481,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,49,Concow,89,c02,365,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used in spring to make baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365"
502,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Withes used as coarse twine warp and weft in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
504,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,285,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285"
525,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner bark used to make scouring pads, temporary baskets and sometimes for weaving bags.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
613,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
622,32,Acer rubrum L.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make basket splints.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
623,32,Acer rubrum L.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make basketware.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
641,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
1498,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
1528,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,105,Karok,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the designs in baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1533,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,133,Makah,25,g73,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Midribs used for the designs in basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
1535,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,210,Quinault,25,g73,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Midribs used for the designs in basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
1537,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,266,Tolowa,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dried, stored stems soaked in water and used for the designs in baskets.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1538,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,289,Yurok,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the designs in baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1546,70,Adiantum jordanii C. Muell.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dried, split stems used as a material for basket design.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 46"
1581,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,105,Karok,71,sg52,377,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Softened stems dried and used for the black designs in basket caps and other baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 377"
1587,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,133,Makah,3,g83,217,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dark petioles split in two, worked until soft and used for black in basketry.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 217"
1597,72,Adiantum sp.,83,Hahwunkwut,109,m66,183,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Plant used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183"
1599,72,Adiantum sp.,199,Poliklah,109,m66,170,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make the designs on baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 170"
1600,72,Adiantum sp.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make designs on baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
1755,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Pounded leaves dried and made into cactus bags.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
2460,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
2513,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
2514,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,105,Karok,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2593,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2596,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,289,Yurok,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2945,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make rims for birch bark baskets.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28"
2959,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,79,Gosiute,38,c11,361,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 361"
2968,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs and stems used to reinforce the rims of basket hoppers for pounding acorns.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
2969,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used as stiffening for baskets or for making handles.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
2985,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Withes used to make basket rims.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
3155,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,222,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used to make basket rims.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222"
3672,284,Anthoxanthum odoratum L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,175,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 175"
3675,284,Anthoxanthum odoratum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used to make baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
3677,284,Anthoxanthum odoratum L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,120,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120"
3875,298,Apocynum sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,156,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 156"
5914,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
5915,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make burden baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
5922,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used in basketry.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 13"
6780,532,Baccharis emoryi Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,246,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in coil basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246"
7136,579,Betula occidentalis Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,89,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 89"
7141,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,156,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 156"
7147,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,119,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets and containers.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119"
7153,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark occasionally used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
7156,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
7178,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets for food storage and berry collection.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7202,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,154,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
7207,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets and food storage containers.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 53"
7220,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
7232,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark stripped and used to make emergency trays or buckets in the woods.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7233,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for buckets and baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
7234,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Baskets made for gathering and storing berries, maple sugar, dried fish, meat or any food.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7262,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,89,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 89"
7272,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Gray colored bark used to make baskets.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
7274,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,5,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
7275,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,5,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Bark used to make containers for cooking. To cook in a birchbark basket, clean rocks were made very hot and then placed in water in the basket.  This process was repeated until the cooking was completed.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
7304,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for baskets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7325,584,Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs of this dwarf birch used for the ribs of baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
7434,608,Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths,95,Hopi,37,w39,64,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the fill of coiled basketry.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 64"
7613,649,Bursera laxiflora,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
7617,650,Bursera microphylla Gray,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
7624,654,Caesalpinia gracilis,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Splints used to make the woof for basketry.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
7688,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,115,Klamath,66,c97,88,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basket weaving.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88"
7691,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as overlay twine warps and overlay twine weft bases in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
7694,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,183,Paiute,98,m53,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark made into baskets used for picking huckleberries.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 46"
7820,692,Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,348,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood and bark from fresh shoots used in basket work.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 348"
8054,734,Carex aquatilis var. dives (Holm) Kkenth.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make strong handles for baskets and shopping baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
8055,734,Carex aquatilis var. dives (Holm) Kkenth.,133,Makah,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for the bottoms of trinket baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
8059,737,Carex barbarae Dewey,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used as coil thread and overlay twine weft bases in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
8060,737,Carex barbarae Dewey,200,Pomo,89,c02,315,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rootstocks used to make the white or creamy groundwork for baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 315"
8061,737,Carex barbarae Dewey,200,Pomo,179,b08,137,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Woody root fibers used as the white background in baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 137"
8070,743,Carex mendocinensis Olney,200,Pomo,111,m90,6,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 6"
8080,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,50,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dried, split leaves used to make the finest baskets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
8081,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,18,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves used to make fine, closely woven baskets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18"
8084,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,133,Makah,3,g83,330,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the horizontal strands in basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 330"
8085,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,79,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves extensively used as wrapping and twining material for 'grass' baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
8086,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,167,Nootka,101,ttco83,79,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves extensively used as wrapping and twining material for 'grass' baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
8102,752,Carex sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots of many species used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
8110,752,Carex sp.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,314,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rootstocks used to make strong and durable baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 314"
8116,752,Carex sp.,200,Pomo,109,m66,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots split finely and used for black design material in fine baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 296"
8117,752,Carex sp.,200,Pomo,109,m66,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for basket body material.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 296"
8121,752,Carex sp.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,73,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibrous leaves used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 73"
8127,752,Carex sp.,273,Wailaki,89,c02,315,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots and leaves used for baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 315"
8129,752,Carex sp.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,93,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Large roots used to make baskets.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93"
8153,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Ribs used as one of the chief warp materials.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8272,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to finish baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8318,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to finish baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8387,768,Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to finish baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8631,808,Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
8632,808,Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,329,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as rods for basketry.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 329"
8653,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,49,Concow,89,c02,368,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Young, flexible shoots used for the circular withes of baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 368"
8656,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,105,Karok,70,b81,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,New shoots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
8657,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young shoots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
8659,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Withes used as overlay twine weft bases in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
8660,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rods used in the fine, coiled baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
8661,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
8872,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled withes used as coarse twine and coil thread in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
8875,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,356,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for withes in constructing basket skeletons.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 356"
8877,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,140,Mewuk,109,m66,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the outside strands in coiled basketry.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
8878,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,145,Modesse,109,m66,223,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for the red design in baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"
8883,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,160,Neeshenam,81,p74,375,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for the woof in basket making.,"Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 375"
8884,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,200,Pomo,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Red bark used as design material for baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
8885,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,200,Pomo,109,m66,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split strands used for basket body material.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 296"
8886,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,200,Pomo,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"White, inner bark used in basketry.","Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
8887,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,96,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Strips of switch bark used for brown design or bark peeled to show the white used to make baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 96"
8888,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,287,Yuki,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Red bark used as design material on twined basketry.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
8889,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,287,Yuki,199,k30,423,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as basket material.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1930, Yuki Basketry, University of Calfornia Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24:421-444, page 423"
8891,839,Cercis sp.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,275,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used in the making and decorating of baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 275"
9092,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9575,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,241,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Branches, with bark removed, used unsplit as rod foundations in coil basketry.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 241"
10104,987,Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kkenth.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make small baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
10107,988,Cladium sp.,200,Pomo,109,m66,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for basket body material.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 296"
10108,988,Cladium sp.,286,Yokut,109,m66,405,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 405"
10899,1095,Cornus glabrata Benth.,145,Modesse,109,m66,223,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Long shoots used for some of the baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"
10900,1095,Cornus glabrata Benth.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Straight stems used for making baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
10901,1095,Cornus glabrata Benth.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,92,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make coarse baskets.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 92"
11028,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,50,Costanoan,16,b84,252,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
11033,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,36,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stem used as a birch bark basket rim.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
11063,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,95,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 95"
11141,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,276,Washo,139,n66,49,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used for the foundation of baskets.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
11148,1103,Cornus sp.,287,Yuki,199,k30,423,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as basket material.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1930, Yuki Basketry, University of Calfornia Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24:421-444, page 423"
11217,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,267,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used in making twig baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"
11223,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Finer twigs used as ribs in making woven baskets for collecting/storing acorns or hard fruits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
11262,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basket rims.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
11266,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,105,Karok,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11275,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,200,Pomo,111,m90,6,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for warp for sedge baskets.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 6"
11278,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Switches used as the foundation in coiled baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 55"
11279,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Switches used to weave large burden baskets, surf fish baskets and other open work baskets.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 55"
11281,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,333,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Slender twigs used to make coarse sieve baskets and vertical withes of saw grass baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 333"
11296,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,266,Tolowa,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Dried shoots soaked in water and used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11299,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Straight stems used for making baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
11300,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11302,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sticks used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
11303,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young shoots used to make baby baskets and carrying baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
11316,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,287,Yuki,199,k30,423,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as basket material.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1930, Yuki Basketry, University of Calfornia Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24:421-444, page 423"
11320,1114,Corylus sp.,83,Hahwunkwut,109,m66,183,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots used to make carrying baskets, baby baskets and other coarse baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183"
11321,1114,Corylus sp.,199,Poliklah,109,m66,170,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 170"
12071,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
12072,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as a source of basketry material.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
12073,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make two kinds of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
13023,1380,Eleocharis sp.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rushes made into large baskets and used to hold small utensils or carry loads on the back.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
13230,1408,Epicampes sp.,232,Shoshoni,109,m66,446,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used to make grass coil baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 446"
13298,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
13350,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
13406,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,32,tbk80,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to imbricate woven bags and baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
13507,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13516,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,209,Quileute,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13524,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,68,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for black imbrication in basketmaking.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 68"
13526,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13623,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make baskets. The outer bark was removed and the stems were covered with sand to render them more pliable.  The stems were often dyed and some of the completed baskets were decorated with color.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
13768,1479,Erigeron peregrinus ssp. callianthemus (Greene) Cronq.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used as a pattern in basketry.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
14696,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for the top ring of baskets.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
15203,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60"
15209,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,268,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood splints used for weaving baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268"
15229,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,105,Karok,71,sg52,388,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
15237,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,172,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172"
15238,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,157,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 157"
15242,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,139,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood logs beaten with mauls to separate the growth layers, cut into strips and woven into baskets. The wood logs were beaten with mauls until the growth layers were loosened so that they could be separated.  The thin sheets of wood were then cut into strips of the desired size and woven into baskets.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139"
15253,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make basket splints.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
15258,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark and wood used to make baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
15260,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make basketware.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
15261,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basketry splints.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15290,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,All ash wood quite valuable and used for basketry splints.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15309,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,113,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood rings used for making woven wooden baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 113"
16853,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,25,g73,42,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Large blossom stems twined with sea weed, made into baskets and used by girls for playing.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"
16909,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,209,Quileute,25,g73,42,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Large blossom stems twined with sea weed, made into baskets and used by girls for playing.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"
17182,1894,Hierochloe alpina ssp. alpina,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
17237,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
17238,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 67"
17254,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
17256,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,138,Menominee,51,s23,75,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used in basketry and as a perfume.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 75"
17259,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
18117,2017,Iris versicolor L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,120,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to weave baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120"
18159,2027,Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Muell.-Arg.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thick, rubbery stems used to make bulky baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
18160,2027,Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Muell.-Arg.,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
18161,2028,Jatropha spatulata,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
18325,2037,Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii (Parl.) Snog.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18326,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems formerly used in basket weaving.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
18327,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,171,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to weave baskets.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171"
18331,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split stems used in weaving coiled baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35"
18332,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in the weaving of baskets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
18334,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for weaving light baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13"
18341,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used by girls to simulate basket making.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
18360,2042,Juncus effusus L.,105,Karok,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18361,2042,Juncus effusus L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,318,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wiry stalks used to make temporary baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 318"
18368,2042,Juncus effusus L.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18369,2042,Juncus effusus L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18370,2043,Juncus effusus var. pacificus Fern. & Wieg.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18372,2044,Juncus ensifolius Wikstr.,105,Karok,71,sg52,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in teaching little girls to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
18376,2045,Juncus lesueurii Boland.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18377,2046,Juncus mertensianus Bong.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,204,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rushes used to make woven and twined baskets.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"
18382,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18398,2051,Juncus textilis Buch.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18399,2051,Juncus textilis Buch.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Split stems used in basketmaking. Allowed to dry, the stems were split three or four ways into splints and used as wrapping material for coiled baskets, or sometimes as a foundation material in openwork, coiled leaching baskets.  Only the lower two feet of the plant, which grows up to eight feet tall, was gathered and used.  The plant was collected at any time during the year, but if the centers of the stems were brown, it was not as good for basket making as when the centers were white.  Basket designs were formed with the various natural shades of green, tan and brown found in the plant or it was sometimes dyed black.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 23"
18656,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,48,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Larger twigs used for basket frames.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
18823,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,200,Pomo,179,b08,139,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fiber used to make twined baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 139"
19454,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,1,Abnaki,84,r47,156,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 156"
19463,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,138,Menominee,51,s23,77,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant made into hemp twine and used to make fiber bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77"
19524,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fibers used to make durable bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
20082,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Culms used for basket imbrication as a substitute for another plant or other swamp grasses.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
20101,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dried, brown leaves woven into mats, baskets and tote sacks.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
20109,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, coarse leaves used to make handles for bags, but not the bags themselves.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
20110,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,275,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibrous leaves used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 275"
20123,2163,Leymus triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Culms used as a substitute in making basketry.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
20401,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,115,Klamath,66,c97,99,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems made into strings and cords used to make baskets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99"
20406,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark fibers used in baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
21145,2264,Lonicera interrupta Benth.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Long, flexible stems used for the circular withes of baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
21221,2266,Lonicera japonica Thunb.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Vines used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
22449,2419,Martynia sp.,232,Shoshoni,109,m66,445,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Pods used to make the black design in basketry.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 445"
23474,2530,Morus microphylla Buckl.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
23506,2533,Morus sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,50,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make the frame for coil weaving.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 50"
23531,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,89,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stalks used as the horizontal or foundation around which the coils were wrapped in basketmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 89"
23532,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Seed stems used as the foundation material for coiled baskets.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 25"
23535,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,42,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used as the multiple rod foundation material in coiled basketry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 42"
23537,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,204,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Long grass used to make coiled baskets.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"
23998,2588,Nolina bigelovii (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,111,m90,9,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bleached or green grass used for basketry.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 9"
23999,2589,Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves sun dried, split into strands and used as foundation in coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
24000,2589,Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the warp element of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
24016,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,101,Isleta,76,j31,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf fibers formerly used in basketry.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
24026,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,102,Jemez,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets for storage and washing of grains.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
24027,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,102,Jemez,28,c30,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves woven together into baskets.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
24028,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to make baskets.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
24030,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,108,Keresan,90,w45,559,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559"
24032,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,188,Papago,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used as the foundation in coiled basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
24033,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,188,Papago,58,bc41,62,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves dried, split and made into baskets.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 62"
24034,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,193,Pima,58,bc41,62,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to fashion coils for storage baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 62"
24035,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Beargrass used to make basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 61"
24036,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation element in coiled basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 61"
24037,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Made into baskets and used for storage containers.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 61"
24041,2591,Nolina parryi S. Wats.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,26,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make coil baskets.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 26"
24047,2592,Nolina sp.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for making coarse forms of basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
25521,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,339,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used as basketry material.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
25522,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,95,Hopi,37,w39,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as an important basketry material.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 80"
25527,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used as material for small baskets.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"
25529,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,257,Tewa,82,c74,339,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used as basketry material.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
25532,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Pleasantly fragrant plant used for weaving baskets.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
25691,2780,Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J. Grimes,125,Lakota,108,r80,47,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, green stems made into a basket to carry meat home.","Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 47"
26383,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,140,Mewuk,109,m66,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rods used in the fine, coiled baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
26411,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sticks used as edging for birch bark baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26595,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,115,Klamath,66,c97,91,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for surface finish of baskets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 91"
26599,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Hard, hollow culms used for pipe stems, arrow shafts and in making baskets.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17"
26606,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Extensively used for basketry.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
26624,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Extensively used for basketry.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
26625,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Reed used for weaving baskets.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
26626,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used commonly as basketry material.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
26627,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,142,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basket imbrication.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 142"
26652,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bleached leaves used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
26657,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,133,Makah,3,g83,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"White, sun bleached leaves used in basketry.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 328"
26659,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,89,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves dried, split and used in basketry.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 89"
26873,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
26889,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to sew basketss.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
26902,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for the edging of a birch bark sewing basket base and lid.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
27014,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,2,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots used to sew birchbark baskets. Spruce roots were dug by hand or with an axe, preferably from a tree that was not crowded by other trees.  The roots of a tree growing in an open place were less likely to be entangled with the roots of other trees and were therefore easier to dig.  Spruce roots in moist ground where moss grows were also easier to gather than those found in dry soil.  Before using spruce roots, the Upper Tanana peeled the bark off by hand or with a knife.  After peeling them, they sometimes dyed them by boiling berries and soaking the roots in the juice.  Spruce roots could be dried for future use but must be soaked in water to make them pliable before being used.  They could be dug anytime during the year when the ground was not frozen.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"
27049,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to sew baskets.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
27135,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
27162,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Long roots split and used to make finely woven baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27168,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,83,Hahwunkwut,109,m66,183,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183"
27177,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots mixed with red cedar bark and used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27211,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make baskets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27212,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
27233,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots soaked, split in quarters and used to make sturdy pack baskets.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
27234,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split roots used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27249,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for structural elements in basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27251,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,199,Poliklah,109,m66,170,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots used to make baskets. The body material of baskets was spruce roots, which were dug out and cut off in lengths of two and a half to three feet and from one half inch to one inch in diameter.  These were at once (while full of sap and soft) split into broad flat bands, and these in turn were subdivided by knife and teeth until the desired size was obtained--a little larger than coarse thread, about like small twine.  The vertical rods were hazel.  The overlay was bear grass.  The design was commonly of black maidenhair fern stem or salmon red strands made by dying the stem bundles of Woodwardia fern with chewed alder bark.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 170"
27252,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,209,Quileute,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27277,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,43,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make the horizontal weave in coarse baskets used for drying foods in the smoke house.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
27289,2939,Picea sp.,94,Hoh,77,r36,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Limbs and roots split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"
27304,2939,Picea sp.,209,Quileute,77,r36,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Limbs and roots split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"
27507,2956,Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,18,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young bark used to make baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"
27516,2957,Pinus coulteri D. Don,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,29,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles used in making baskets.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29"
27653,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Resin used in pottery and basketry making.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27704,2960,Pinus elliottii Engelm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,480,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to make baskets.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480"
27745,2963,Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,29,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles used in making baskets. Butt ends of the needle clusters were left protruding on the outside of the basket as a decorative touch.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29"
27792,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles and roots used to make baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27924,2967,Pinus muricata D. Don,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used in basketry.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
27944,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,29,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles used in making baskets.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29"
27959,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,105,Karok,70,b81,45,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bigger roots used for basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
27960,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,105,Karok,71,sg52,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fibers used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378"
27971,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as the overlay twine warps and overlay twine weft bases in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
28067,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Straight stems used for making baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
28082,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles and roots used to make baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28128,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,335,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sprouts used to make coiled bowls.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 335"
28132,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,149,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs and rootlets used as sewing material for coiled basket.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 149"
28137,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,200,Pomo,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fiber used to make twined baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
28138,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,200,Pomo,89,c02,307,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root wood used to make V-shaped baskets for carrying acorns.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
28139,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,200,Pomo,109,m66,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young growth split into ribbon like strands and used for basket body material.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 296"
28615,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used by the women to make coil trays.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
28616,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,95,Hopi,37,w39,65,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the fill of coiled basketry.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 65"
29170,3094,Populus angustifolia James,79,Gosiute,38,c11,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used to make baskets.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 378"
29293,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
29471,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,213,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled stems split and used to make baskets.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213"
29485,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,109,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used for basket making.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109"
29555,3105,Populus sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,3,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,New shoots used in basketry.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 3"
29893,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basket making.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29894,3143,Proboscidea louisianica (P. Mill.) Thellung,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Long, pointed seed capsule horns used as the black pattern material in coiled basketry.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"
29897,3144,Proboscidea louisianica ssp. fragrans (Lindl.) Bretting,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Pods softened with lye and water, split, bent and used as sewing withes in coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
29902,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,241,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Spines stored and used as decorative elements in basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 241"
29905,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Mature pods used for the black designs in baskets.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 38"
29910,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used extensively for basket making.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
30103,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the warp element of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
30335,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark formerly used for imbricating baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
30343,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,272,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 272"
30344,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,73,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used in basket decoration and in weaving the large part of the berry-picking baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
30380,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,266,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark strips used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 266"
30387,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark split and used to make baskets.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
30399,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,87,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for imbrication in cedar bark baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87"
30404,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basket trim.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30410,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,37,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used in the imbricated designs of baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
30413,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark softened and used to make baskets.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
30414,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark split and used to make baskets.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
30415,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used extensively in basketry.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
30416,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, waterproof bark used with grass stems for imbrication of coiled split cedar root baskets. The basket was either left a natural light reddish brown color or was dyed by burying it in damp earth or letting it sit in a rusty tin can.  After being buried a short time, it became a dark brown color and when kept for a longer time, it became black.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30908,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Withes used as overlay twine weft bases in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
31191,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,309,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Small roots used to make baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309"
31284,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used as coarse twine warp in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
31447,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
31470,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,304,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root wood split into flat bands and used for the black strands of cheap baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 304"
31472,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,140,Mewuk,109,m66,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split roots used for the black design in coiled basketry.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
31491,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,200,Pomo,179,b08,139,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fiber made into coils and used in basketry.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 139"
31492,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,304,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Root wood, not frequently used, split and used for the black strands of cheap baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 304"
31513,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,270,Ukiah,89,c02,304,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Root wood, not frequently used, split and used for the black strands of cheap baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 304"
31522,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf midrib or root used for the black pattern material in coiled basketry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 55"
31532,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used in basketry.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
31534,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,44,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Root pounded to remove bark, bark core split into layers and used as material for basket design.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 44"
31551,3218,Pteridium sp.,286,Yokut,109,m66,405,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make the black designs on baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 405"
31872,3253,Quercus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
31968,3256,Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make rims for twined work baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
32004,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Branches, with willow branches, used to make acorn storage baskets.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33"
32049,3262,Quercus falcata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32173,3269,Quercus imbricaria Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32204,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Withes used to make basket rims.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
32207,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,140,Mewuk,109,m66,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots split into strands and used for twining the rods of baskets and scoops.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
32360,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32458,3289,Quercus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,40,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used as the framework of a temporary carrying basket. A temporary carrying basket was made of two staves or bows of oak twigs crossed in the center and brought upwards to the hoop.  This framework was then covered with sheep or goatskin.  These carrying baskets were usually made in the field for carrying yucca fruits.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 40"
32505,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32541,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32600,3296,Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make rims for twined work baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
33010,3347,Rhus glabra L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,149,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as basket covers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 149"
33082,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stalks split or peeled off the bark and used to make pitched water baskets.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
33085,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basket weaving.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
33091,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,131,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thin, pliable stems used for the woof in baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131"
33111,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make baskets.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
33113,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,229,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used as an important basketry material.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229"
33122,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,72,f96,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used for coarse basketry.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16"
33123,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,356,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used in basketry.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 356"
33136,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs used to make baskets.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15"
33143,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs and small branches used to make baskets.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
33150,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,66,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches woven into rough baskets.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66"
33168,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,204,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used as splints for wrapping the basket coils.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"
33169,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,204,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes used as splints for wrapping the basket coils, to give a brown color.","Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"
33174,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Vine fibers used to make baskets.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 63"
33176,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rods used in the fine, coiled baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
33182,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split stems used to make baskets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60"
33183,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make carrying baskets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60"
33210,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,31,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as basket material.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31"
33217,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Split stems used to make baskets, water bottles and basket sacks.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
33227,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,187,Panamint,163,k52,78,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Formerly used as withes and splints for baskets.,"Kirk, R.E., 1952, Panamint Basketry, Masterkey 26(76-86):, page 78"
33228,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,200,Pomo,109,m66,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rods with bark used for coarse baskets, fish baskets and the coarsest kind of burden baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 296"
33234,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,49,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make baskets.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49"
33236,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Long shoots used in making large storehouse baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
33241,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Stems, with the bark removed, used in making fine 'Apache' and other baskets. The bark covered stems were used to form patterns in the weave.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
33244,3353,Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,37,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Stems split into thin splints, dried and used as wrapping material for baskets.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 37"
33245,3353,Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split stem strands used to make twined and coiled baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59"
33246,3353,Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make the warp and weft of baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
33986,3422,Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Unsplit stems used as rims in twined basketry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 60"
34262,3435,Rosa woodsii var. ultramontana (S. Wats.) Jepson,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Unsplit stems used as rims in twined basketry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 60"
35652,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35656,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,272,Ute,142,c09,36,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
35662,3520,Salix bebbiana Sarg.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to rim birch bark baskets.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58"
35684,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,214,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young shoots used for basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 214"
35687,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
35688,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used as warp sticks.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
35691,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Young, green stems used to make baskets.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"
35765,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to rim birch bark baskets.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58"
35787,3526,Salix eriocephala Michx.,272,Ute,142,c09,36,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
35789,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
35791,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,76,Flathead,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Willow made into baskets cemented with gum and used to cook fish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35792,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,215,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young shoots used for basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215"
35795,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots scraped, dried and used on the inside of the overlaid twined baskets.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
35796,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the main ribs in baskets as an alternate for Corylus stems.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
35797,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used to make the warp sticks for twined baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
35806,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young branches used to make baskets.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 67"
35829,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,75,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 75"
35830,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,200,Pomo,109,m66,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basket body material.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 296"
35833,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used in twined baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35834,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Switches used for twined baskets and foundations in coiled baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35836,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,49,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49"
35837,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
35840,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,270,Ukiah,89,c02,331,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"
35853,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,108,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as foundations for outdoor storage baskets.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
35863,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35864,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35868,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,209,Quileute,25,g73,26,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used extensively for basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
35899,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,126,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Cut, peeled willows dipped in hot water to make them tough and pliable and made into baskets. The best time for weaving willow baskets of various forms and sizes was during the springtime.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 126"
35900,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to rim birch bark baskets.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58"
35909,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35913,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,177,Omaha,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled stems used in basketry.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
35918,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,272,Ute,142,c09,36,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
35919,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split withes used to make baskets.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
35920,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,150,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Withes used to make baskets and water jugs.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 150"
35921,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,150,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Withes used to make baskets to be sold.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 150"
35928,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,49,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49"
35929,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Slender switches used to make baskets.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
35934,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
35935,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems split for coiled baskets and as weft in twined baskets; unsplit as warps in twined baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"
35949,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,232,Shoshoni,109,m66,445,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Strands used to make baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 445"
35950,3537,Salix lasiolepis var. lasiolepis,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,39,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make acorn storage baskets.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 39"
35963,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35978,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,187,Panamint,163,k52,77,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used to make the withes for the three rod foundation coils of baskets.,"Kirk, R.E., 1952, Panamint Basketry, Masterkey 26(76-86):, page 77"
35979,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,187,Panamint,163,k52,77,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the primary basket material.,"Kirk, R.E., 1952, Panamint Basketry, Masterkey 26(76-86):, page 77"
35982,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used as the warp for twined baskets and foundation in coiled baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35984,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,7,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used as thread in baskets.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 7"
35985,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,7,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for foundation in baskets.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 7"
35986,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,272,Ute,142,c09,36,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
35987,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,361,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled stems used in basketry.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 361"
35988,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,76,Flathead,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Willow made into baskets cemented with gum and used to cook fish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
36015,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,56,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Twigs split in half lengthwise, sun dried and used as the foundation of coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 56"
36016,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for sewing coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 58"
36048,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
36075,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36079,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36081,3549,Salix sessilifolia Nutt.,200,Pomo,111,m90,6,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry as foundation rods.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 6"
36091,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,94,Hoh,77,r36,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Limbs split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60"
36093,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
36103,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,209,Quileute,77,r36,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Limbs split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60"
36108,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36109,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36112,3551,Salix sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,166,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets and whistles.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 166"
36189,3551,Salix sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,29,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the frame in coiled basketry.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 29"
36195,3551,Salix sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,42,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used to make baskets.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
36208,3551,Salix sp.,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stalks used to make the coiled foundations and coarse twine in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
36213,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36226,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make permanent carrying baskets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36268,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Strong, flexible willows used to make baskets.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36280,3551,Salix sp.,200,Pomo,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stem used as foundation material in basketry.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
36288,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make basket rims.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36289,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make baskets for storing dried fish and meat.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36290,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make rims for birch bark baskets.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36318,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split withes used for weaving baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36337,3551,Salix sp.,287,Yuki,199,k30,423,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as basket material.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1930, Yuki Basketry, University of Calfornia Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24:421-444, page 423"
37369,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Round, pithy stems used to make baskets, shopping basket handles and basket lids.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
37377,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,115,Klamath,186,c04,737,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Outer surface split and twisted into weft cords and warp used in making baskets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 737"
37378,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for baskets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
37382,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Stalks used as the overlay twine warp, upper portions only, in the manufacture of baskets.","Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
37397,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for wefts and binding tule items.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37412,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make plain-twined baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37418,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used to form the black part of the basket design.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28"
37431,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,54,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rushes used in weaving handles for baskets and shopping bags.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
37436,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
37437,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,272,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
37439,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,133,Makah,3,g83,332,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 332"
37440,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,79,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the bottoms and ribs of 'grass' baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
37441,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used to form the black part of the basket design.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28"
37442,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used to form the black part of the basket design.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28"
37443,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,73,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Flat, fibrous leaves sun dried and used to make baskets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 73"
37445,3605,Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) M.T. Strong,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used to form the black part of the basket design. Roots were stained by burying them in the mud with ashes until a black color was obtained.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28"
37446,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for wefts and binding tule items.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37460,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,200,Pomo,111,m90,6,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Grass used for basketry. This sedge has a central section, coal-black, which color can be deepened by burying in manure or in blue mud.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 6"
37461,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,200,Pomo,179,b08,137,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root stock fibers used as design material for baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 137"
37464,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Slender rootstock cores used as pattern material for coiled baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"
37466,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant made into the heavy hoop used at the opening of the conical burden basket.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37467,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make plain-twined baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37475,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used to form the black part of the basket design.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28"
37509,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,112,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Entire, dyed stem used to make baskets.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112"
37512,3610,Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Small rushes formerly used for woven storage bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37515,3611,Scirpus microcarpus J.& K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,332,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the bottom portion of baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 332"
37520,3611,Scirpus microcarpus J.& K. Presl,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,37,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make berry picking and root digging baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 37"
37536,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37551,3614,Scirpus sp.,200,Pomo,89,c02,316,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rootstocks used to make fine baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 316"
37729,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sprouts from burls used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
37747,3655,Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 13"
37748,3655,Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small,228,Seminole,88,s54,160,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf stems used to make medicine baskets.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 160"
37749,3655,Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small,228,Seminole,88,s54,504,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to make baskets.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 504"
38172,3708,Smilax californica (A. DC.) Gray,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,329,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Long, trailing limbs used to make baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 329"
38173,3708,Smilax californica (A. DC.) Gray,270,Ukiah,89,c02,329,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Long, trailing limbs used to make baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 329"
38420,3736,Solidago gigantea Ait.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems made into rough baskets.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 67"
39526,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
39530,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used as weft in twined baskets & root very strong & especially good for hopper mortar baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
39886,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make basket splints.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
39895,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,76,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to weave bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 76"
39912,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, stringy bark used in making fiber bags.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
39938,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39948,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basketry.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39949,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for coiled and imbricated baskets.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39958,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,76,Flathead,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark strips used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
39960,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark strips used for basketry.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39966,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark strips used for basketry.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39972,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39973,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used in basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39974,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as the main structural elements in baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40008,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave baskets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40009,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Very long, straight branches or withes used to make baskets. Cedar withes were also split and used to make a wide variety of strong open-work baskets for berry-picking and other purposes.  These were strengthened at the corners with twisted cedar ropes.  The withes were divided with two vertical cuts.  The two outer rounds were often used for finer construction and possibly the active weft; the inner piece, flattened on two sides, was usually used for the 'framework' (warp and passive weft) of the baskets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40024,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots split and used to make baskets.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40037,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,120,Kutenai,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots split, peeled and used to make water tight baskets.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
40052,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibrous bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40053,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Long, straight branches used for weaving baskets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40054,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots and bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
40055,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots washed, scorched over a fire, skinned, split in two, scraped and used to make baskets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40081,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40092,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make frame work of baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
40093,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make sacks.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
40094,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for making baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
40107,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
40112,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40113,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner bark strips used to make storage baskets and for basket bottoms, rims and ribs.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40114,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young limbs twisted and used to make basket frames and ribs.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40140,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,20,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for weaving rough baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20"
40141,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,20,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Split roots used to make a high quality, coiled, watertight and strong basket.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20"
40158,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibrous tissue used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40159,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark and roots used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40160,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40190,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,209,Quileute,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots split and used to make baskets.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40211,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,210,Quinault,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs used for openwork baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40218,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark beaten to separate the fibers and used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40241,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root shaves woven into baskets.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
40249,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,251,Squaxin,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs used for openwork baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40250,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,251,Squaxin,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make coiled and imbricated basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40257,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shredded roots used in making basketry.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
40258,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,94,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Split roots made into coiled, water tight baskets and used for boiling food. The outer strips of the roots were used to make the bottom of the basket, the center core was used in the coils and the bark of the roots was used for making the edges because of its toughness.  The roots could not be harvested in the winter because it was too difficult to scrape the bark off of the stiff, brown roots.  In the spring and early fall, the bark was more easily removed and the roots were white.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 94"
40259,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,94,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split roots made into water tight baskets and used for boiling food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 94"
40260,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,94,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood splints sometimes used for the inner foundation of baskets rather than root bundles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 94"
40289,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark strips used for basketry.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40320,3959,Tilia americana L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,132,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets stronger.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 132"
40359,3959,Tilia americana L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,76,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Basswood fiber used for baskets and fish nets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 76"
40366,3959,Tilia americana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark two-ply cord used to make baskets and fish nets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
40376,3959,Tilia americana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
40381,3959,Tilia americana L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,114,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark string used for fashioning bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114"
40384,3960,Tilia americana var. americana,1,Abnaki,84,r47,156,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 156"
40412,3966,Torreya californica Torr.,200,Pomo,111,m90,6,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as splints in basketry.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 6"
40413,3966,Torreya californica Torr.,200,Pomo,89,c02,305,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305"
40440,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,50,Costanoan,16,b84,251,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251"
40451,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,364,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Slender stems used for circular withes in basket making.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 364"
40852,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
40926,4042,Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
41081,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used as a dye for baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41119,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Flower stalks split, dried and used for basket weaving.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41134,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for wefts and binding tule items.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41191,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41199,4049,Typha latifolia L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves formerly used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13"
41200,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for baskets.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
41203,4049,Typha latifolia L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
41209,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41225,4049,Typha latifolia L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Dried leaves used in weaving the bottoms of baskets and in making bags.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
41240,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41255,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41278,4049,Typha latifolia L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves used to make storage baskets, medicine baskets and water jugs.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14"
41287,4049,Typha latifolia L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,88,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make openwork baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 88"
41318,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for wefts and binding tule items.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41365,4049,Typha latifolia L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41370,4049,Typha latifolia L.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,77,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Flat leaves sun dried, split and spun to make baskets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
41380,4049,Typha latifolia L.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41385,4049,Typha latifolia L.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41533,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,138,Menominee,51,s23,77,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Boiled bark used to make baskets and fish nets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77"
41552,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
41586,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,124,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 124"
41587,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,115,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make boxes and baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 115"
41707,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used in weaving baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41791,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,138,Menominee,51,s23,77,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant made into hemp twine and used to make fiber bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77"
41869,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,143,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used in basketmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"
43060,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to reinforce birchbark basket rims.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55"
43072,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for birch bark basket rims.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43376,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,105,Karok,70,b81,62,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as basketry material for the basket bottoms.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
43377,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
43384,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,200,Pomo,179,b08,139,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sap wood used as binding material in basketry.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 139"
43385,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,200,Pomo,89,c02,369,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Woody parts of vines used for the rims of large, cone-shaped carrying baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 369"
43569,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,105,Karok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf fiber used to make baskets. Fibers were pounded from the rachis and dyed with Alnus bark for use in basketry.  The fibers were then dried and coiled for storage.  They were soaked to unroll and used.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43573,4196,Woodwardia radicans (L.) J. Sm.,98,Hupa,111,m90,4,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Dyed fronds used in basketry.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 4"
43574,4196,Woodwardia radicans (L.) J. Sm.,105,Karok,71,sg52,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketmaking.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378"
43577,4197,Woodwardia sp.,199,Poliklah,109,m66,170,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make the designs on baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 170"
43700,4216,Xerophyllum sp.,83,Hahwunkwut,109,m66,183,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Plant used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183"
43702,4216,Xerophyllum sp.,105,Karok,109,m66,211,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 211"
43704,4216,Xerophyllum sp.,117,Konomeho,109,m66,234,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to make the design on baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 234"
43705,4216,Xerophyllum sp.,199,Poliklah,109,m66,170,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 170"
43707,4216,Xerophyllum sp.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant purchased and used extensively in basket overlay and designs.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
43711,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
43712,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
43713,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,56,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Purchased grass shaved and dyed to make baskets and edging for mats and baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 56"
43714,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,94,Hoh,77,r36,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used to make baskets.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60"
43715,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,98,Hupa,111,m90,2,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used as a border pattern in baskets.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 2"
43716,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,98,Hupa,71,sg52,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
43718,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
43719,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"New sprouts used to make baskets, especially for designs.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43721,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,114,Klallam,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
43722,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used as overlay twine in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
43723,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,343,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 343"
43725,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,27,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves woven into water tight baskets used for cooking.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 27"
43726,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,87,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used as twining material for wrapped and twined baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"
43728,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to decorate baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
43730,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,209,Quileute,77,r36,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used to make baskets.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60"
43731,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
43760,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in many types of basketry.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
43780,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the main portion of the baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
43797,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Small roots used for basket work.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43821,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves occasionally used in basketry.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
43822,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,371,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 371"
43823,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
43839,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used to make baskets.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
43847,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,102,Jemez,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43895,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make ceremonial and utilitarian baskets.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43908,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
43909,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the foundation in coiled basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43920,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43975,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Interlaced leaves used to make baskets.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
43976,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Split leaves used to make winnowing baskets, baskets for serving food & for transporting materials.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
43996,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
44007,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,69,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dark red rootstock core used as pattern material in coiled basketry. The core was split into strands, soaked and worked in with the coiling so that the color was always on the outside.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"
44013,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,232,Shoshoni,109,m66,445,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 445"
44020,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,37,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves woven into shallow or tray baskets to carry prepared mescal home.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 37"
44040,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,188,Papago,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf used as the binding element in coarse coiled ware.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
44067,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,40,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves split and used to make baskets.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 40"
44097,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used to make baskets.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
44109,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,76,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76"
44156,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner leaves dried, split and used for sewing non-water-tight trade baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 58"
44157,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
44174,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in the manufacture of baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
44185,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,52,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make sifting baskets.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 52"
44198,4231,Yucca glauca var. glauca,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
44203,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fiber used as starting material for baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44234,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fiber used to secure the butts of the first twigs around a small stick at the bottom of the basket.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44235,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf pith braid woven into a basket.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44265,4237,Yucca torreyi Shafer,10,Apache,58,bc41,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the main portion of the baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
44277,4238,Yucca whipplei Torr.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf fibers used as the foundation for the beginning of a coiled basket.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 17"
44285,4238,Yucca whipplei Torr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Pods used for basketry.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 58"
44290,4239,Yucca whipplei var. caespitosa M.E. Jones,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,69,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split rootstock cores used as pattern material in coiled basketry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"
9,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Boughs used as a 'bush sleigh' to pull cargo across deep snow.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
418,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,145,Modesse,109,m66,223,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Branches used for the frames of snowshoes.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"
427,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
433,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used in making snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
434,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
447,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
460,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Branches used whenever obtainable to make snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
461,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,500,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Twigs used to make snowshoe frames.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"
462,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used for making snowshoes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
468,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
2347,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Decoction of bark applied to toboggan boards to soften them for bending.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2404,169,Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Decoction of bark applied to toboggan boards to soften them for bending.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2431,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Decoction of bark applied to toboggan boards to soften them for bending.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2454,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
4191,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4233,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4241,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
7152,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,65,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoes.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 65"
7159,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
7184,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans and snowshoes.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7209,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,53,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make sleds and snowshoe frames.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 53"
7281,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,5,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,"Wood used to make bowls, spoons, wedges, tool handles, drums, toboggans and snowshoes.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
7282,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,5,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,"Wood used to make snowshoes, toboggans, drums, bowls, spoons and wedges.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
7328,585,Betula sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,192,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192"
7334,585,Betula sp.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make sled and toboggan runners.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
8300,763,Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
8301,764,Carya glabra var. glabra,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
8326,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
8356,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
11043,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,79,Gosiute,38,c11,366,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366"
11305,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used as the heavy part of the frame for snowshoes.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
14689,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoe frames.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
15180,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,172,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172"
15181,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,160,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make the frames of snowshoes.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 160"
15206,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoes.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
15214,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
15292,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,All ash wood quite valuable and used for snowshoe frames and sleds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15320,1661,Fraxinus sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoe frames and sleds.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
19495,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,41,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 41"
20404,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,115,Klamath,66,c97,99,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Stem made into strings and cords used to make mesh on snowshoes.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99"
20409,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark fibers used as the mesh for snowshoes.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
25216,2713,Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make sled runners.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
26387,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,108,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
26398,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used for fish spears and snowshoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
26891,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Roots used to sew snowshoes.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
26955,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,118,Koyukon,158,n83,50,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood split or ripsawed and used to make sleds.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50"
27023,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,2,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Boughs used as temporary snowshoes by securing with line.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"
27051,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Roots used to sew snowshoes.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
27053,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,27,Carrier,134,c73,69,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Young wood used to make snowshoes.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69"
27102,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,50,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood split or ripsawed and used to make sleds.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50"
27991,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,13,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood slabs tied together with yucca fiber used as snowshoes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"
31219,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood from young trees used to make snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
36205,3551,Salix sp.,115,Klamath,66,c97,94,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make frames for snowshoes.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94"
36217,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36298,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Stems and spruce bark used to make a temporary sled for transporting meat across ice.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
38550,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoe frames.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
39562,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,500,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Twigs used to make snowshoe frames.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"
39858,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
40362,3959,Tilia americana L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,76,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Basswood fiber used for nets for snowshoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 76"
41535,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,138,Menominee,51,s23,77,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Boiled bark used to make nets for snowshoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77"
41889,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,115,Klamath,66,c97,94,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Stems used for mesh on snowshoes.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94"
43899,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Fiber used to tie snowshoes to the feet.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
41,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as mats on the tent floor.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
75,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
92,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used to make beds.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
114,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,121,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Needles used to make pillows, believing that the aroma kept one from having a cold.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121"
181,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as a bedding base in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
184,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,183,Paiute,98,m53,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for beds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44"
209,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
210,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used for bedding.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
292,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as a bedding base in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
295,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Branches used as floor of sweathouse, after swimming to keep feet clean and when butchering a deer.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
296,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Heated branches used to make a warm bed.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
311,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs valued as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
466,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
489,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves made into mats and used to cover the layers of dried salmon stored for the winter in baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
1848,96,Agave sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Cut, split leaves used to make cradle mats.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 55"
1870,97,Agave utahensis Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,37,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibers used to make blankets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 37"
1958,122,Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
2665,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,5,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches with leaves used for steambath switches and as a floor covering in the steambath.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
3194,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3195,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3196,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3851,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,89,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used as twined weft rows for mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 89"
5126,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5145,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,76,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used in a baby's board or cradle as padding and kept the baby cool on hot days.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
5157,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5168,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5171,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5205,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5264,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5288,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5290,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5292,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5308,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5336,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to cover the floor of the sweat lodge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
5436,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5447,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5471,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5472,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5503,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5805,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous bark used in weaving mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5839,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,57,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make cushions for the worshippers in the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
6049,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants mixed with sphagnum and used as bedding for infants.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
6064,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as a bedding for infants.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
6065,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants mixed with sphagnum and used as bedding for infants.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
7032,563,Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,53,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding and pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
7116,577,Betula nana L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used for 'springs' under skin bedding.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
7117,577,Betula nana L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used for 'springs' under skin bedding.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
7382,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for bedding.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
7597,641,Bromus tectorum L.,183,Paiute,98,m53,51,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used under bedding when camping.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 51"
7628,657,Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used to make mattresses when nothing else was available.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
8106,752,Carex sp.,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
8112,752,Carex sp.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,9,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9"
9071,859,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used to make pillows for the sweathouse.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
9075,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used for weaving mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
9081,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark woven into blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9089,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"
9098,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark pounded and used to make fine quality blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9099,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9116,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
9123,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,65,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark pounded and spun to make blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
9130,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9305,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,210,Quinault,25,g73,41,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton combined with duck feathers and used as blankets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
9309,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,243,Skokomish,25,g73,41,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton combined with duck feathers and used as blankets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
9722,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,319,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fiber used occasionally for bedding.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
9827,938,Cibotium chamissoi Kaulfuss,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,43,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Down used for pillows.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 43"
12045,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to fill pillows.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
12075,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves twilled into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
12076,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Used to make large, tough sleeping mats, cradle mats and back mats for the carrying frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
12080,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,193,Pima,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves twilled into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
12711,1340,Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
12718,1342,Dryopteris sp.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,82,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 82"
12981,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,99,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark twisted to make blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 99"
12996,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12997,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Inner bark stripped off, shredded and the fiber used to make mats.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
13019,1378,Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,36,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Used as bedding, for pillows and for sitting on in the sweathouse.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 36"
13151,1404,Ephedra sp.,89,Havasupai,58,bc41,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Twigs used to make drying mat for pulp.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 17"
13378,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,143,Missouri River Indian,30,h92,58,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 58"
13480,1428,Equisetum sp.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Blades used as dog bedding.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 56"
13616,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used to carpet the sweathouse floor.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
14192,1537,Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried leaves and stems woven into soft mats or covers for coarse grass mattresses.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
14198,1538,Eriophorum angustifolium ssp. subarcticum (Vassiljev) Hult‚n ex Kartesz & Gandhi,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","'Female' stems dried, split and used for weaving.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
14651,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for making bedding.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16151,1770,Gramineae sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,8,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Blades placed on the floor of sweathouses and camp shelters to sit on.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8"
16152,1770,Gramineae sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,8,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried plant placed on top of spruce boughs and used as a mattress and dog bedding.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8"
16153,1770,Gramineae sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,8,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding and insulation in foot gear.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8"
16154,1770,Gramineae sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,8,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to weave mats.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8"
17243,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17244,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17245,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17246,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17260,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
17550,1937,Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
18118,2017,Iris versicolor L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,120,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to weave mats.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120"
18333,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used in the weaving of mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
18335,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for weaving mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13"
18349,2041,Juncus dudleyi Wieg.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Tiny rush used in the finest mat work and for small pieces.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
18356,2042,Juncus effusus L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,125,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Rushes used for weaving small table mats and other larger mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 125"
18385,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems and leaves used as stuffing.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18389,2049,Juncus stygius L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to weave mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18557,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18558,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18585,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used to form a carpet for the Holy Lodge dancer of the Sun Dance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
18603,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18604,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19117,2063,Juniperus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make blankets and passageway curtains.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17"
19146,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
19175,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19176,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
20067,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass used for beds in lodges made from sticks when on war parties.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
20075,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used as bedding and horse feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
20076,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to cover the floor of sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
20103,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried, brown leaves woven into mats, baskets and tote sacks.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
20403,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,115,Klamath,66,c97,99,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems made into strings and cords used to make mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99"
20408,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark fibers used as the warp for mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
20972,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves finely divided and used as a padding in child carriers.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
20973,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Leaves used as padding, especially in children's cradles, to cause them to sleep a lot.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
21358,2305,Lupinus sericeus Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants used for bedding and as flooring in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
21386,2308,Lupinus sulphureus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants used for bedding and as flooring in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
21391,2310,Lupinus wyethii S. Wats.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants used for bedding and as flooring in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
22489,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,60,Crow,30,h92,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Plants dried, crushed and used to line baby cradles.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23"
23266,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,186,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems and flowers used as fragrant pillow stuffing by young girls from puberty to marriage.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186"
24004,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,51,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass used as tipi ground covering.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 51"
24012,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into a coarse mat and used for drying mescal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
24029,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used to make mats.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
24039,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,61,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make matting to cover the dead.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 61"
24048,2592,Nolina sp.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,48,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass made into mats and used in cradles.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 48"
24396,2635,Onoclea sp.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,82,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 82"
25108,2703,Osmunda sp.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,82,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 82"
25448,2736,Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Zucc.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,41,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mats.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 41"
26172,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton like seed heads formerly used for mattress stuffing with duck and goose feathers.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26183,2841,Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton like seed heads formerly used for mattress stuffing with duck and goose feathers.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26576,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,209,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems used to make mats for drying yucca fruit pulp, baked mescal, peaches or figs.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209"
26607,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Extensively used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
26616,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,193,Pima,11,c49,75,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75"
26628,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Extensively used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
26629,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,142,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems twined together to make food drying mats similar to those of tule stems.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 142"
26864,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,183,Paiute,98,m53,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for camping beds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44"
26907,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tent flooring.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
26924,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used as flooring in tents.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
26969,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
26980,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used to make beds.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
27021,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,2,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used for camp mattresses and dog bedding.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"
27022,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,2,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the floor of camp buildings to sit on.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"
27070,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the ground as flooring in tipis and in front of the tent door as a door mat.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27082,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used as flooring in tents.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
27109,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
27112,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used to make beds.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
27216,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make mats.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27280,2939,Picea sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used to make tent floor coverings.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69"
27377,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Boughs used on the ground or floor, covered with blankets and other bedding and used as a bed.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
28135,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,149,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used for bedding and floor covering.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 149"
28255,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Boughs used on the ground or floor, covered with blankets and other bedding and used as a bed.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
28671,3032,Poa sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried leaves used for winter bedding for dogs.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
28672,3032,Poa sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried, split leaves used for weaving.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
29100,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves tied with maple bark and used for mattresses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29104,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,32,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Long, straight fronds used as bedding before mats or mattresses were used.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32"
29123,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,62,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fronds laid side by side several layers thick and used as a 'place mat' for food at feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
29130,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used as a mat under fish when cleaning and cutting.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 56"
29138,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,209,Quileute,25,g73,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for mattresses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29146,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Large, fleshy leaves used to cover floors.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
29153,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,289,Yurok,70,b81,46,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for bedding.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
29289,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Seed 'wool' spun and used to make blankets and toques.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
29346,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cottony seed fluff used for stuffing mattresses and pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29997,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,229,Seri,29,d44,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Root strips made into doughnut shaped head pads used to balance earthen water jars on the heads.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"
30388,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark split and used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
30419,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark softened and used to make mats.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
30420,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark split and used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
31184,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,183,Paiute,98,m53,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for camping beds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44"
31217,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as floor coverings for lodges and sweathouses. The boughs were generally mixed with juniper and sagebrush branches for the sweat house floor coverings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31218,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used in the sweat lodge as a mat for scrubbing the skin. The scrubbing mats prevented them from having body odor and made them feel fresh and clean.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31478,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fronds used for bedding while camping.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
31496,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding in camp.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
31541,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,251,Squaxin,25,g73,14,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for camp bedding.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
31627,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark made into loosely twisted ropes and used to make sleeping mats.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
31628,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft bark used in a thick layer in infants' cradleboards.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
31649,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,37,w39,78,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark from large stems used as the padding for cradle boards.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 78"
31650,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,82,c74,304,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used as padding for the cradle board.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 304"
31656,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,157,Navajo,74,e44,53,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Softened bark used as backing for cradle boards and as stuffing for pillows.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53"
31665,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Shredded bark used for bedding or stuffed into a sack for pillows.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
31689,3231,Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Shredded bark used as bedding for cradleboard.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31"
32568,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mattress bedding.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 55"
33309,3356,Rhytidiadelphus loreus (Hedw.) Warnst.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
34019,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,504,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Twigs put in the beds of widows and widowers during the period of their widowhood.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"
35647,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,37,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood made into mattresses and used to keep beds above the ground.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37"
35807,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Young branches used to make mats.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 67"
35810,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,135,Mandan,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats and used in the sweat tepees.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35854,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,108,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used as padding in baby cradles.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
35865,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35866,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35989,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,135,Mandan,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats and used in the sweat tepees.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
36216,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used to make mattresses for tipis.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36328,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark of dead trees used to make mats and fiber blankets.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
37365,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems pressed flat between the fingers and used to make household mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
37370,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,53,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried stems used to make mats; excellent mattresses.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
37375,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,105,Karok,71,sg52,380,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for making matting.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
37376,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,114,Klallam,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
37380,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used for mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
37383,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,133,Makah,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
37385,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used for making mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
37392,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Tall, round stems sun dried and sewn together to make mats, sleeping compartments and mattresses.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 81"
37402,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37403,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make twined mats for the insides of houses.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37404,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37421,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,245,Snohomish,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
37426,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make mats. Food was placed on tule mats in order to dry it. The mats were also used as place mats for eating, as floor covering in lodges, as room partitions in pit houses, as walls for summer lodges and as mattresses and pillows.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37444,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,73,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Flat, fibrous leaves dried and used to make mats.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 73"
37450,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37451,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make twined mats for the insides of houses.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37452,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37471,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to make mats.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37479,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used for weaving floor and wall mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
37480,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
37486,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,61,Dakota,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37493,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems sewn with cord, made into mats & used as rugs, meat platters, cradle linings & sleeping mats.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"
37498,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,125,Lakota,108,r80,26,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 26"
37502,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,138,Menominee,51,s23,74,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bleached, sun dried rushes used to weave mats.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 74"
37503,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,268,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Long, bleached and dyed rushes used to make mats.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268"
37504,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Rushes used for the best mats. The bleached rushes were immersed in water for a few days and then cleansed.  They selected long rushes, with small diameters, so that the pith content was small.  When the mat was in service, such fibers were not readily crushed.  The rush, when gathered, is an intense green, white only at the base where it stands in water.  All rushes were first bleached pure white, and afterwards colored as desired.  They were pulled, rather than cut, in order to obtain the maximum length.  When thoroughly bleached and dried, they dyed them with white men's dyes.  Formerly they used native dyes, which they really preferred.  The bleached rushes predominated in any rug, and were ivory-white in color.  The finished rug or mat was three feet wide and from four to eight feet long, and sold for from $8 to $30 in 1923.  The edge was bound securely with nettle fiber cord.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37505,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,177,Omaha,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37506,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37507,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,205,Ponca,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37510,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,112,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Entire, dyed stem used to make mats.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112"
37513,3610,Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Small rushes used for a certain kind of mat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37514,3610,Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,118,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting tops used as a resilient material for stuffing and making pillows.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 118"
37525,3612,Scirpus nevadensis S. Wats.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems woven into mats and used like blankets on wooden mattresses.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
37530,3614,Scirpus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stalks used for bedding, mats and weaving materials.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
37549,3614,Scirpus sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,52,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 52"
37552,3614,Scirpus sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass-like herbs used extensively for table mats.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
38688,3782,Sphagnum dusenii C. Jens.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Moss gathered and dried to make mattresses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
38689,3783,Sphagnum sp.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
38695,3783,Sphagnum sp.,36,Chinook,25,g73,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding in camp.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
38702,3783,Sphagnum sp.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,124,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried moss used for making pillows and mattresses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 124"
38777,3805,Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass bunches fastened together to make mats for covering hatchways and other openings in the house.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
39940,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39946,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,31,Chehalis,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark finely shredded and used as padding for infants' cradles, sanitary pads and towels.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
39954,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to pad cradles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39963,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
39964,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39968,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39986,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats to sit on.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39987,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40015,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave mats.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40032,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to line cradles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40065,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous bark used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40066,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
40085,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark cut into narrow strips and woven into mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40086,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to line baby cradles.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40122,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40123,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark woven with dog hair and cottonwood bast fiber to make blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40147,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark used, when tule not available, for weaving mats.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20"
40154,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,176,Okanagon,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark and stems used to make mats and blankets.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
40171,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous tissue used for weaving mats and screens.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40199,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,209,Quileute,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to line cradles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40226,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Inner bark soaked, beaten to separate the fibers and used to make mats and bedding.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40266,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark piled up and used as a bed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
40267,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark and stems used to make mats and blankets.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
40268,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Inner root softened, split into strips and used to make mats.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
40279,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40280,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40292,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40293,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40361,3959,Tilia americana L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,76,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Basswood fiber used for matting.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 76"
40369,3959,Tilia americana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark two-ply cord used to make mats.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
40379,3959,Tilia americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark fiber used for spinning cordage and weaving matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
40400,3963,Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,59,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried fibers twisted and used to make floor mats.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 59"
40541,3987,Tragopogon sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,185,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fluffy pappus of fruits used to make 'cotton' for stuffing pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 185"
40994,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as a mattress when camping.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"
41099,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used for camping beds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44"
41106,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,500,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant branches and leaves used for bedding.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"
41121,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Green leaves woven into mats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41122,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Silky down used as stuffing for pillows.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41141,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
41142,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41171,4049,Typha latifolia L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,132,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wool used to stuff mattresses.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 132"
41176,4049,Typha latifolia L.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,46,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for lodge floor covering.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46"
41186,4049,Typha latifolia L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,142,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stalks used as matting materials and bedding.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142"
41193,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41194,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41202,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
41204,4049,Typha latifolia L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
41211,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41212,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41220,4049,Typha latifolia L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Down used for filling pillows, padding cradles and quilting baby wrappings.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
41221,4049,Typha latifolia L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used by children to make mats while playing. The leaves became very brittle once dried and therefore were not put to serious use by adults.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
41226,4049,Typha latifolia L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,58,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried leaves used in making mattresses.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
41227,4049,Typha latifolia L.,95,Hopi,27,cu35,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make sleeping mats.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 56"
41235,4049,Typha latifolia L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Flowers used to stuff pillows.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 107"
41242,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41243,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41244,4049,Typha latifolia L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,90,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting spike down used as a stuffing material for pillows.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 90"
41245,4049,Typha latifolia L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,90,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used in the manufacture of mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 90"
41247,4049,Typha latifolia L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,275,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 275"
41251,4049,Typha latifolia L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,32,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fluffy fruits made into a waterproof quilt and placed over sheeting used for babies.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 32"
41257,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41258,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens and mattresses.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41260,4049,Typha latifolia L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,310,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Down of the fruiting parts used for bedding.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 310"
41263,4049,Typha latifolia L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,77,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mats to cover the winter lodges.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77"
41267,4049,Typha latifolia L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fuzz of the fruit used for pillows and comfort material.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
41270,4049,Typha latifolia L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruit spike 'down' used for bedding.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"