id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
3672,284,Anthoxanthum odoratum L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,175,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 175"
3875,298,Apocynum sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,156,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 156"
7141,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,156,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 156"
7142,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,164,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make canoes.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 164"
15180,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,172,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172"
15181,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,160,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make the frames of snowshoes.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 160"
15237,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,172,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172"
15238,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,157,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 157"
19454,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,1,Abnaki,84,r47,156,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 156"
36112,3551,Salix sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,166,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets and whistles.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 166"
40384,3960,Tilia americana var. americana,1,Abnaki,84,r47,156,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 156"
13055,1391,Elymus sp.,5,Aleut,194,bt51,29,4,Fiber,372,Other,Used for weaving.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29"
19727,2115,Lathyrus sp.,5,Aleut,194,bt51,29,4,Fiber,371,Other,Used for weaving.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29"
39601,3904,Taxus cuspidata Sieb. & Zucc.,5,Aleut,194,bt51,29,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Drift wood bent into ribs for boats.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29"
41,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as mats on the tent floor.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
7147,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,119,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets and containers.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119"
7148,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,119,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Plant used to make houses, tents and shelters.","Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119"
7149,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,119,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make canoes.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119"
26889,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to sew basketss.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
26890,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used to sew canoes.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
26891,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Roots used to sew snowshoes.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
27049,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to sew baskets.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
27050,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used to sew canoes.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
27051,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,129,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Roots used to sew snowshoes.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129"
27368,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,130,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Gum used to caulk canoes.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 130"
39849,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,132,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Plant used to make canoe skeletons.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 132"
40320,3959,Tilia americana L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,132,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets stronger.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 132"
41171,4049,Typha latifolia L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,132,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wool used to stuff mattresses.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 132"
7152,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,65,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoes.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 65"
43752,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,10,Apache,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and used as string.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
43780,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the main portion of the baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
43781,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and used as string.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
44265,4237,Yucca torreyi Shafer,10,Apache,58,bc41,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the main portion of the baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
38800,3810,Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,40,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff stems made into a brush and used to clean spines of cacti.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 40"
44020,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,37,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves woven into shallow or tray baskets to carry prepared mescal home.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 37"
12062,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Stalks used as cross pieces for cradleboard backs.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
18233,2033,Juglans major (Torr.) Heller,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trees used to construct dome shaped lodges when away from home.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46"
19068,2063,Juniperus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for tipi poles.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 43"
24004,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,51,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass used as tipi ground covering.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 51"
27531,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,35,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Young trees used for the main hoop of infant cradleboards.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35"
32414,3289,Quercus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for poles in dome shaped lodges and as tipi stakes.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
32415,3289,Quercus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used as footrests for cradleboards.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
41176,4049,Typha latifolia L.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,46,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for lodge floor covering.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46"
43797,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Small roots used for basket work.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43798,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make twine or rope.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
44067,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,40,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves split and used to make baskets.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 40"
1785,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Thorn used as needle and thread.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1807,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Thorn used as needle and thread.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1808,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Thorn used as needle and thread.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
7428,608,Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,189,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stem used as comb and broom material.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189"
24006,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Grass used as a thatching material for wickiup or ramada.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
33082,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stalks split or peeled off the bark and used to make pitched water baskets.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
43803,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and sections tied together by square knots to make cordage.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44029,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make cordage.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44030,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Leaves used for the headshade of cradleboards.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
7430,608,Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,149,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Blades bundled by a cord, the stiff end used as a hair comb and the other end used as a broom.","Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149"
33085,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basket weaving.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
35919,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split withes used to make baskets.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
35920,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,150,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Withes used to make baskets and water jugs.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 150"
35921,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,150,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Withes used to make baskets to be sold.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 150"
35922,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split withes used as tipi and wickiup thatching.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
38284,3721,Solanum fendleri Gray ex Torr.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for thatching.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
41181,4049,Typha latifolia L.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,161,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Flags used for thatching the tipis and wickiups.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161"
43807,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,147,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves reduced to fiber and made into cloth.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147"
43808,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,147,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make string.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147"
44068,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,147,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make 'moccasin strings' and cords.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147"
3722,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stems dried, pounded and used to make twine.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
7153,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark occasionally used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
7154,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark occasionally used to make canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
9074,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used for weaving capes.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
9075,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used for weaving mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
13338,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Stems formerly used for sandpaper to smooth wooden objects.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
17550,1937,Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
27162,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Long roots split and used to make finely woven baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
30335,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark formerly used for imbricating baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
33309,3356,Rhytidiadelphus loreus (Hedw.) Warnst.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
38689,3783,Sphagnum sp.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
39938,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39939,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make capes and shaman collars.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39940,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39941,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Inner bark used for sponges.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
41754,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,211,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers sun dried and used to make twine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 211"
4762,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Runners used by girls to tie blankets.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
4763,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Runners used to fix leggings in place. The leggings were tied above the knee and then folded over to the ankle, like a boot.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
5336,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to cover the floor of the sweat lodge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
7131,579,Betula occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wands, sharpened at both ends, used to construct the dome shape of the sweat lodge.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
8100,752,Carex sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Grass used in moccasins to protect the feet during winter horse stealing expeditions.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
12045,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to fill pillows.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
12966,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make strong rope.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
18585,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used to form a carpet for the Holy Lodge dancer of the Sun Dance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
20067,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass used for beds in lodges made from sticks when on war parties.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
27390,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make travois and tipi poles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27391,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make back rest poles and bed supports. The back rest poles were cut about five forearms in length and dried over a fire of rotten logs.  One end of the pole was perforated and the other end sharpened.  Then a stick was inserted through the hole and the pole etched.  Later it was painted red and blue with buffalo shoulder blade applicators.  Back rest poles were often notched to record the number of camp moves.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27500,2955,Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,18,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make tipi frames.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
29510,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to complete the building of the lodge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
29511,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make the centerpoles of the ceremonial lodges.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
30714,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Straight branches used to make back rests.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
35788,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,30,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make the framework of the sweat lodges.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 30"
36124,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to make sweatlodge frames.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
36125,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Branches used to construct the many different sweat lodges. The Horn Society sweat lodge was constructed of fourteen willows.  The Holy Woman's sweat lodge in the Sun Dance was made of one hundred willows, which had been gathered by members of the Pigeon Society.  The Motokiks Society (a woman's society) constructed its lodge with twelve willows.  Medicine Pipes had fourteen.  The used frame of a sweat lodge was left on the prairie.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
36126,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Sticks used as lodgepoles for small hunting tipis.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36127,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wands, sharpened at both ends, used to construct the dome shape of the sweat lodge.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
36128,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make the circular frames for bull boats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36129,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Boughs used to make back rest slats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
36130,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Sticks used to make backrests, part of the furniture of the tipi.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
38751,3796,Spiraea splendens var. splendens,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Flowering stems used as paint brushes, especially on the large spaces of tipis.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
41183,4049,Typha latifolia L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Down used as diapers.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 19"
373,15,Acacia greggii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
475,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs used for house construction and considered good firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1491,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to build ramadas and fences.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1511,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,30,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for building material and fenceposts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"
1512,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,30,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stripped bark used as a fibrous material for women's skirts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"
1755,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Pounded leaves dried and made into cactus bags.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1756,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Pounded leaves dried and made into shoes, sandals and women's skirts.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1757,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Pounded leaves dried and made into nets used for baby cradles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1758,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Pounded leaves dried and made into nets, slings and cordage.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1759,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Pounded leaves dried and made into cleaning brushes for cooking water.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
3779,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,39,4,Fiber,,,Used for the medicinal properties and as a fibrous material.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 39"
4351,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4370,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4459,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
5608,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Shoots laid across the rafters for roofing material or used in the construction of the walls.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
6172,441,Asclepias sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,43,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stem cordage used to make nets, slings and snares to capture small game. The stem was pounded to loosen the fiber, which then was extracted by rubbing the stem between the palms of the hands.  The fiber was rolled on the thigh to produce cordage; its many uses testified to its natural strength and durability.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
6792,535,Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav¢n) Pers.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs and branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 46"
7683,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,85,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to make conical shaped houses for temporary use while camped to gather and process acorns.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 85"
7684,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,85,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for permanent construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 85"
9568,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make house frames and granaries.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9569,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make shirts and breechclouts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9570,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make nets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9699,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,54,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Coarse husk fibers from the bulb tied together and used as a cleaning brush.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 54"
9700,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,54,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Coarse husk fibers from the bulb tied together and used as a hair brush.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 54"
11787,1173,Cuscuta californica Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,59,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Handfuls of plant used as scouring pads for cleaning.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 59"
12627,1319,Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,66,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Leaves used as a brushing material for cleaning implements or removing cactus thorns from objects.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 66"
13476,1428,Equisetum sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,70,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used for a cleaning pad as a cleansing agent.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 70"
13692,1457,Ericameria palmeri var. palmeri,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to build fences as a protection from cold winds.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 75"
14815,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,74,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fences to prevent rodents from attacking cultivated crops.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74"
18125,2019,Isocoma acradenia var. acradenia,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to build fences as a protection from cold winds.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 75"
18325,2037,Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii (Parl.) Snog.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18370,2043,Juncus effusus var. pacificus Fern. & Wieg.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18376,2045,Juncus lesueurii Boland.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18398,2051,Juncus textilis Buch.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
20085,2161,Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,69,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stalks used for roof thatching.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69"
21268,2275,Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,87,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used as a material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87"
23531,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,89,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stalks used as the horizontal or foundation around which the coils were wrapped in basketmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 89"
27792,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles and roots used to make baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27793,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used as roofing material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28082,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles and roots used to make baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28083,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used as roofing material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28597,3018,Platanus racemosa Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs and branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
28629,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Long, slender, pliable stems with leaves interwoven with stronger materials into walls of houses.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
28630,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Long, slender, pliable stems with leaves used as a roofing material.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
28631,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Used in the construction of ramadas, windbreaks, fences and granaries.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
30009,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Large limbs used as corner posts for houses, as rafters and granary posts.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30010,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves used for roofing houses.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30011,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Pounded, rubbed & pulled bark used as a soft fiber for weaving skirts and making diapers for babies.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30012,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Pounded, rubbed and pulled bark used as a soft fiber to make a carrying net for pottery.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30057,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Large limbs used in construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
33091,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,131,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thin, pliable stems used for the woof in baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131"
35849,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,135,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 135"
37529,3614,Scirpus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stalks used for roofing.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
37530,3614,Scirpus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stalks used for bedding, mats and weaving materials.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
41186,4049,Typha latifolia L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,142,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stalks used as matting materials and bedding.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142"
41869,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,143,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used in basketmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"
41870,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,143,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make bowstrings and cordage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"
43546,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Long fronds used to make ramadas.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
43547,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Long fronds used to make the sides and roofs of waterproof and windproof houses.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
44004,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibers used to make sandals.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44005,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make nets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44203,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fiber used as starting material for baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44204,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fiber used to make brushes for body painting.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44205,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fiber used to make bowstrings, netting and strings for shell money.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
3780,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,25,California Indian,111,m90,60,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Outer and inner bark used to make string.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 60"
17296,1901,Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb.,25,California Indian,111,m90,59,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Root fiber used to make rope.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 59"
17297,1901,Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb.,25,California Indian,111,m90,59,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Inner bark used for thread.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 59"
35932,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,25,California Indian,111,m90,60,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used in spring to make rope.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 60"
327,8,Abies sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,70,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make shingles for roofs.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70"
7156,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
7157,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
7158,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used with spruce roots to sew things together.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
7159,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
27053,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,27,Carrier,134,c73,69,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Young wood used to make snowshoes.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69"
27280,2939,Picea sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used to make tent floor coverings.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69"
29273,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,27,Carrier,134,c73,69,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69"
29522,3105,Populus sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,68,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Rotten wood used to wrap babies in at night as a diaper.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 68"
38692,3783,Sphagnum sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,87,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Whole plant used as a diaper for small children.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 87"
11259,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,31,Chehalis,25,g73,27,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Long twigs twisted and used to tie things.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
35961,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,26,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark twisted and made into two-ply strings.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
39945,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,31,Chehalis,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark coarsely shredded and plaited into skirts, capes and dresses for women.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
39946,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,31,Chehalis,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark finely shredded and used as padding for infants' cradles, sanitary pads and towels.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
41191,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41192,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41193,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41194,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
43711,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
613,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
614,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
615,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
641,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
642,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
643,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
670,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
671,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
1626,74,Aesculus flava Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
1627,74,Aesculus flava Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make baby cradles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
3788,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibers used to weave grave cloth material.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
3789,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make cords.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
5914,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
5915,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make burden baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
5916,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Used to make cane webbing, plastered with mud, supported with wood and used as a dwelling.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
6338,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stems used to make belts.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
6384,450,Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used to make strong ropes and string.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
7075,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
8272,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to finish baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8273,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Inner bark used to make chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8318,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to finish baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8319,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Inner bark used to make chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8387,768,Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to finish baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8388,768,Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Inner bark used to make chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8416,774,Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber and fence rails.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29"
10110,990,Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.-Cours.) Rudd,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
11446,1132,Crataegus spathulata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Bark tea taken or bathed in by ball players to ward off tacklers.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
14663,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
15265,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for firewood and lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
15266,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,"Wood used to make handles, ball bats and butter paddles.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
15996,1752,Gleditsia triacanthos L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
16404,1797,Halesia carolina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
18177,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
18251,2034,Juglans nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
18355,2042,Juncus effusus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make string to bind up dough in oak leaves for cooking bread.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
18394,2050,Juncus tenuis Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make string to bind up dough in oak leaves for cooking bread.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
19138,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19139,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
20484,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
20485,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
20486,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
21221,2266,Lonicera japonica Thunb.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Vines used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
21799,2366,Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
21800,2366,Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
21815,2368,Magnolia macrophylla Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
21816,2368,Magnolia macrophylla Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
25216,2713,Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make sled runners.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
25472,2742,Panicum sp.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stems used for padding inside of moccasins.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
27135,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
27136,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to make lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
27517,2958,Pinus echinata P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
27518,2958,Pinus echinata P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28078,2971,Pinus pungens Lamb.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28079,2971,Pinus pungens Lamb.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28104,2974,Pinus rigida P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28105,2974,Pinus rigida P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28176,2977,Pinus strobus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28177,2977,Pinus strobus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28264,2978,Pinus taeda L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28265,2978,Pinus taeda L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28577,3017,Platanus occidentalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
30327,3164,Prunus cerasus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30328,3164,Prunus cerasus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30483,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30484,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30580,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30581,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30740,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30741,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
31872,3253,Quercus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
31873,3253,Quercus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
31874,3253,Quercus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
31875,3253,Quercus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32049,3262,Quercus falcata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32050,3262,Quercus falcata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32051,3262,Quercus falcata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32052,3262,Quercus falcata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32173,3269,Quercus imbricaria Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32174,3269,Quercus imbricaria Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32175,3269,Quercus imbricaria Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32176,3269,Quercus imbricaria Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32337,3282,Quercus prinus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make railroad ties.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32360,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32361,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32362,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32363,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32505,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32506,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32507,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32508,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32541,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32542,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32543,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32544,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
33800,3404,Robinia hispida L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts and sills for houses.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
33820,3406,Robinia pseudoacacia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts and sills for houses.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
37224,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
40329,3959,Tilia americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40330,3959,Tilia americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Boiled bark twisted into rope.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40331,3959,Tilia americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40392,3961,Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40393,3961,Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Boiled bark twisted into rope.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40394,3961,Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40852,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
40853,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
40926,4042,Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
40927,4042,Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
41504,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Inner bark chewed and spat onto baseball glove to make the ball stick to the glove.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
13023,1380,Eleocharis sp.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rushes made into large baskets and used to hold small utensils or carry loads on the back.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
13024,1380,Eleocharis sp.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,4,Fiber,174,Other,Used in weaving.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
15270,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used to construct the medicine lodge for the Sun Dance ceremony.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
15271,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,20,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 20"
15272,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,31,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make posts for the Sun Dance lodge.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31"
15273,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,31,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used to make tent poles, pegs and tipi pins.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31"
18326,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems formerly used in basket weaving.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
18327,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,171,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to weave baskets.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171"
18328,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,4,Fiber,368,Other,Used in weaving.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
19299,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,10,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plants used as paint brushes to paint ceremonial participants.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 10"
23266,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,186,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems and flowers used as fragrant pillow stuffing by young girls from puberty to marriage.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186"
27405,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,6,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used for tipi poles.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6"
27406,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for tipi poles.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
29274,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used as framework for Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29361,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used as framework for Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29362,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used to construct the medicine lodge for the Sun Dance ceremony.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
29584,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,37,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used to make Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37"
29585,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,37,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used to build the Sun Dance Lodge.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37"
29586,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used to construct the medicine lodge for the Sun Dance ceremony.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
35644,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,37,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to build sweat lodges.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37"
35645,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,37,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Slender shoots bound with sinew and used as backrests.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37"
35646,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,37,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Young twigs made into cages and used to carry children on travois.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37"
35647,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,37,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood made into mattresses and used to keep beds above the ground.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37"
37525,3612,Scirpus nevadensis S. Wats.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems woven into mats and used like blankets on wooden mattresses.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
41199,4049,Typha latifolia L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves formerly used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13"
38694,3783,Sphagnum sp.,36,Chinook,25,g73,50,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used by women for sanitary napkins.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
38695,3783,Sphagnum sp.,36,Chinook,25,g73,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding in camp.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
3790,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,140,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fiber considered the best available for making fine cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"
4276,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves used for head covering.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
6127,434,Asclepias incarnata L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,140,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fiber used to make good twine.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"
7163,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as coverings for dwellings.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
7320,583,Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,128,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Bark used in boat building. The bark was stripped off at raspberry ripening time, laid away and pressed flat until the next spring.  When required for manufacture, especially in boat building, it was heated over a fire to make it pliable for shaping to the purpose.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128"
8238,758,Carpinus caroliniana Walt.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,127,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Tree used for the main supporting posts for the ridgepole of the wigwam or tent.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127"
12489,1296,Dicranum bonjeanii De Not,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,350,Other,Used as an absorbent.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
13349,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used for scouring.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
15242,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,139,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood logs beaten with mauls to separate the growth layers, cut into strips and woven into baskets. The wood logs were beaten with mauls until the growth layers were loosened so that they could be separated.  The thin sheets of wood were then cut into strips of the desired size and woven into baskets.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139"
15243,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to cover wigwams.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
15320,1661,Fraxinus sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoe frames and sleds.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
18356,2042,Juncus effusus L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,125,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Rushes used for weaving small table mats and other larger mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 125"
19146,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
19455,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used for twine.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
25119,2705,Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as frames for dwellings.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
27137,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used in sewing canoes.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
27138,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Gum used to make pitch.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
35899,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,126,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Cut, peeled willows dipped in hot water to make them tough and pliable and made into baskets. The best time for weaving willow baskets of various forms and sizes was during the springtime.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 126"
37479,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used for weaving floor and wall mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
37480,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
38696,3783,Sphagnum sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,249,Other,Used as an absorbent.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
39857,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe ribs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
39858,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
40334,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make dugout canoes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
40335,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Bast made into cordage of all sorts. The bast was boiled and rubbed on a stick to separate the fibers which were spun into thread for sewing, fine yarn for weaving bags and made into cordage of all sorts.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
40336,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used for twine and general utility.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
40337,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Bast made into thread for sewing and fine yarn for weaving bags.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
40860,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark strips used for wigwam coverings.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
41200,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for baskets.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
41201,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Leaves used as mats for roofing wigwams. The leaves were laid parallel, with one overlapping another, and were then stitched together with basswood, dogbane or swamp milkweed fiber.  The leaves were said to be quite effective in shedding the rain.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
41202,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
41429,4051,Ulmus americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,129,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark peeled during raspberry ripening time and used in the winter for house roofing material.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 129"
5922,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used in basketry.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 13"
37747,3655,Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 13"
39432,3900,Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,15,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make cordage.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 15"
478,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
9267,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,41,Clallam,99,f80,201,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Puffs mixed with dog hair and used for weaving cloth.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201"
36082,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark made into string.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
39450,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39948,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basketry.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39949,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for coiled and imbricated baskets.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39950,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for house planks, posts and roof boards.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39951,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used for canoes.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39952,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark used for clothing, sanitary napkins and towels.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39953,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Limbs used to make rope.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39954,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to pad cradles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
41203,4049,Typha latifolia L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
41204,4049,Typha latifolia L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
1522,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,77,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as building material.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 77"
16276,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,48,Comanche,147,cj40,522,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems used to make brooms.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522"
32430,3289,Quercus sp.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used for fence posts.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
481,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,49,Concow,89,c02,365,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used in spring to make baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365"
482,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,49,Concow,89,c02,365,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make crude dresses.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365"
6090,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,49,Concow,89,c02,379,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make ropes and string.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 379"
8653,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,49,Concow,89,c02,368,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Young, flexible shoots used for the circular withes of baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 368"
17299,1901,Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb.,49,Concow,89,c02,358,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Fine, strong inner bark formerly used for thread.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 358"
1498,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
6116,432,Asclepias fascicularis Dcne.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,252,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fiber used as cordage.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
8102,752,Carex sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots of many species used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
9706,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fibrous bulb covers tied in bundles to make brushes.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
11028,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,50,Costanoan,16,b84,252,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
11262,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basket rims.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
13298,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
13350,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
13870,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,253,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves woven into skirts and aprons.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 253"
18382,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18383,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stems and leaves used as raw textile material.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18384,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems and leaves used as cordage.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18385,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems and leaves used as stuffing.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
21270,2275,Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley,50,Costanoan,16,b84,250,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Foliage used for house thatching.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250"
31447,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
35789,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
35934,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
36147,3551,Salix sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood made into poles used as basic element of house construction.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
36148,3551,Salix sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark braided into rope.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
37536,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37537,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems used as thatch.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37538,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Stems bundled and made into rafts.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37729,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sprouts from burls used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
39124,3851,Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus (Fern.) Blake,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Brushy stems used in brooms.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
40440,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,50,Costanoan,16,b84,251,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251"
37541,3614,Scirpus sp.,51,Costanoan (Olhonean),109,m66,373,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to make houses.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 373"
33472,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,84,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Roots boiled with cedar and wild rose roots, pounded and woven into rope.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33552,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,84,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Roots boiled with cedar and wild rose roots, pounded and woven into rope.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33612,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,84,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Roots boiled with cedar and wild rose roots, pounded and woven into rope.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
486,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make rope and tumplines.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
13351,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to polish arrow shafts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13507,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
14783,1621,Fomes sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,50,4,Fiber,,,Used to draw pictures on.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
15226,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,45,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
26375,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,31,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31"
29100,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves tied with maple bark and used for mattresses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
32124,3265,Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
39457,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
41209,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41210,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41211,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41212,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
43712,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
12974,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,54,Cree,145,b41,485,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make cordage.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485"
57,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to make a brush shelter.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
58,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make paddles.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
2346,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Wood charcoal mixed with pitch and used for sealing canoe seams.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2347,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Decoction of bark applied to toboggan boards to soften them for bending.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2403,169,Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Wood charcoal mixed with pitch and used for sealing canoe seams.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2404,169,Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Decoction of bark applied to toboggan boards to soften them for bending.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2430,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Wood charcoal mixed with pitch and used for sealing canoe seams.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2431,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,27,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Decoction of bark applied to toboggan boards to soften them for bending.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"
2945,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make rims for birch bark baskets.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28"
7178,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets for food storage and berry collection.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7179,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to cover a tipi.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7180,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to make bath tubs.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7181,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used as poles to frame a tipi.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7182,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make canoes.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7183,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7184,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,32,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans and snowshoes.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7628,657,Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used to make mattresses when nothing else was available.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
9272,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,38,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Stem fibers used for thread.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
11033,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,36,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stem used as a birch bark basket rim.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
19495,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,41,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 41"
26902,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for the edging of a birch bark sewing basket base and lid.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
26903,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark sheets used for roofing on buildings.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
26904,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
26905,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make ribs and gunwales for birch bark canoes.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
26906,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used as a sealant for birch bark canoes.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
26907,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tent flooring.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
26908,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,48,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used to sew birch bark baskets and canoes.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
27063,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Peeled, wood poles preferred for tipi framing because of their straightness and lack of taper.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27064,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Small trees & boughs used in the construction of shelters made of brush & shelters for storing moss.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27065,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27066,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used to seal seams on a birch bark canoe.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27067,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Roots used to tie and secure the arched roof trees of the shelter for storing moss.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27068,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Roots used to tie and secure the ends of a birch bark dish.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27069,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Roots used to tie and secure the stick and bundle game made from black spruce boughs.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27070,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the ground as flooring in tipis and in front of the tent door as a door mat.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27071,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used to sew sheets of birch bark together for a tipi cover.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
27072,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,49,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used to stitch birch bark basket and canoe seams.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"
29595,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,52,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles placed upon the birch bark cover of a tipi to secure it.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 52"
29596,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,52,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to frame a tipi.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 52"
35662,3520,Salix bebbiana Sarg.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to rim birch bark baskets.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58"
35765,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to rim birch bark baskets.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58"
35766,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,58,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make rope.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58"
35900,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to rim birch bark baskets.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58"
22489,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,60,Crow,30,h92,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Plants dried, crushed and used to line baby cradles.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23"
29602,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,60,Crow,30,h92,37,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used to make Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37"
5126,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5264,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5436,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
27502,2956,Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.,61,Dakota,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Tree used for tipi poles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
30245,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,61,Dakota,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
31367,3206,Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,366,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant tops used to make garlands worn like hats in hot weather.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 366"
31368,3206,Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.,61,Dakota,17,g19,93,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant tops used to make garlands worn on the head as protection from the sun on very hot days.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93"
35987,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,361,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled stems used in basketry.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 361"
36168,3551,Salix sp.,61,Dakota,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
37365,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems pressed flat between the fingers and used to make household mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
37486,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,61,Dakota,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
41220,4049,Typha latifolia L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Down used for filling pillows, padding cradles and quilting baby wrappings.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
41221,4049,Typha latifolia L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used by children to make mats while playing. The leaves became very brittle once dried and therefore were not put to serious use by adults.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
41432,4051,Ulmus americana L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41508,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,61,Dakota,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41509,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,61,Dakota,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fibers used to make ropes and cords.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41598,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,61,Dakota,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41765,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,61,Dakota,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41766,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,61,Dakota,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
44086,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,61,Dakota,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44087,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,61,Dakota,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp points of leaves used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
4382,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,65,Diegueno,122,h75,219,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used to make a broom.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 219"
18399,2051,Juncus textilis Buch.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Split stems used in basketmaking. Allowed to dry, the stems were split three or four ways into splints and used as wrapping material for coiled baskets, or sometimes as a foundation material in openwork, coiled leaching baskets.  Only the lower two feet of the plant, which grows up to eight feet tall, was gathered and used.  The plant was collected at any time during the year, but if the centers of the stems were brown, it was not as good for basket making as when the centers were white.  Basket designs were formed with the various natural shades of green, tan and brown found in the plant or it was sometimes dyed black.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 23"
23532,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Seed stems used as the foundation material for coiled baskets.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 25"
27516,2957,Pinus coulteri D. Don,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,29,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles used in making baskets.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29"
27745,2963,Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,29,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles used in making baskets. Butt ends of the needle clusters were left protruding on the outside of the basket as a decorative touch.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29"
27746,2963,Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to make shelters for those gathering acorns in the mountains.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29"
27944,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,29,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles used in making baskets.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29"
27945,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to make shelters for those gathering acorns in the mountains.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29"
32004,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Branches, with willow branches, used to make acorn storage baskets.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33"
32005,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,33,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used as framework material for cradles.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33"
33244,3353,Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,37,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Stems split into thin splints, dried and used as wrapping material for baskets.","Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 37"
35950,3537,Salix lasiolepis var. lasiolepis,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,39,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make acorn storage baskets.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 39"
44208,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,45,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibers used to make sandals.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 45"
44277,4238,Yucca whipplei Torr.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf fibers used as the foundation for the beginning of a coiled basket.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 17"
44278,4238,Yucca whipplei Torr.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,45,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Leaf fibers used to make lattice work cradle on a frame of scrub oak.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 45"
8404,772,Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Plant, mosses and lichens gathered for insulating houses against cold.","Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
14192,1537,Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried leaves and stems woven into soft mats or covers for coarse grass mattresses.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
20101,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dried, brown leaves woven into mats, baskets and tote sacks.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
20102,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Dried, brown leaves woven into ropes for hanging herring and other fish.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
20103,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried, brown leaves woven into mats, baskets and tote sacks.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
26172,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton like seed heads formerly used for mattress stuffing with duck and goose feathers.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26183,2841,Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton like seed heads formerly used for mattress stuffing with duck and goose feathers.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
27283,2939,Picea sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to support buildings and to build the framework for sod-covered buildings.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
27284,2939,Picea sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Logs and poles used for making kayak parts, weapon and tool handles and other utilitarian objects.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
28669,3032,Poa sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fine leaves and stems used in the past to line skin boots.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
7116,577,Betula nana L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used for 'springs' under skin bedding.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
7117,577,Betula nana L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used for 'springs' under skin bedding.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
7328,585,Betula sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,192,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192"
12711,1340,Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
14197,1538,Eriophorum angustifolium ssp. subarcticum (Vassiljev) Hult‚n ex Kartesz & Gandhi,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"'Female' stems dried, split and inserted into boot welts to seal them.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
14198,1538,Eriophorum angustifolium ssp. subarcticum (Vassiljev) Hult‚n ex Kartesz & Gandhi,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","'Female' stems dried, split and used for weaving.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
14203,1541,Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,186,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stems used in summer for boot insoles.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186"
25509,2749,Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ack.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,190,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used to stuff caribou skins for rafts.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 190"
25789,2791,Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,190,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used to stuff caribou skins for rafts.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 190"
26921,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make cabins and caches.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
26922,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Split wood used to make fish traps and canoe or kayak stringers.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
26923,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Split, inner root bark or small rootlets used as fishing lines & cord for making & repairing tools.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
26924,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used as flooring in tents.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
27079,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make cabins and caches.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
27080,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Split wood used to make fish traps and canoe or kayak stringers.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
27081,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Split, inner root bark or small rootlets used as fishing lines & cord for making & repairing tools.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
27082,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,188,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used as flooring in tents.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"
28670,3032,Poa sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried leaves used for boot insoles.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
28671,3032,Poa sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried leaves used for winter bedding for dogs.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
28672,3032,Poa sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried, split leaves used for weaving.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
38697,3783,Sphagnum sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Used to chink log houses.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
38937,3833,Stereocaulon paschale (L.) Hoffm.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,190,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used to stuff caribou skins for rafts.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 190"
41770,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,186,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stem fibers used for twine.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186"
35791,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,76,Flathead,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Willow made into baskets cemented with gum and used to cook fish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35988,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,76,Flathead,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Willow made into baskets cemented with gum and used to cook fish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
39958,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,76,Flathead,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark strips used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
465,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
466,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
7202,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,154,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
39960,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark strips used for basketry.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39961,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark sheets used for roofing.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
39962,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark strips used for cordage.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39963,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
39964,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
2959,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,79,Gosiute,38,c11,361,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 361"
2960,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,79,Gosiute,38,c11,361,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used for cradle frameworks.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 361"
11043,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,79,Gosiute,38,c11,366,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366"
18847,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,79,Gosiute,38,c11,372,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for thatching and as a floor covering.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372"
18848,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,79,Gosiute,38,c11,372,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Small branches used as a floor covering.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372"
18849,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,79,Gosiute,38,c11,372,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used in the construction of winter lodges.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372"
29170,3094,Populus angustifolia James,79,Gosiute,38,c11,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used to make baskets.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 378"
35652,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35909,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35963,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
36048,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
3737,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Root and branch outer fiber used to make nets, cordage and thread.","Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
10215,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,47,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems used to make string.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
20400,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Roots and stems used to make string.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
31356,3205,Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Roots used to make string and nets.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
33111,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,48,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make baskets.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
1597,72,Adiantum sp.,83,Hahwunkwut,109,m66,183,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Plant used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183"
11320,1114,Corylus sp.,83,Hahwunkwut,109,m66,183,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots used to make carrying baskets, baby baskets and other coarse baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183"
27168,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,83,Hahwunkwut,109,m66,183,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183"
43700,4216,Xerophyllum sp.,83,Hahwunkwut,109,m66,183,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Plant used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183"
9077,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,86,Haisla,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark fiber used to make clothing for the nobility.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
9326,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,86,Haisla,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
38698,3783,Sphagnum sp.,86,Haisla,14,c93,148,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant used for diapering infants.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 148"
39464,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,86,Haisla,14,c93,187,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make boat ribs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39966,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark strips used for basketry.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39967,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark strips used for cordage.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39968,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
9,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Boughs used as a 'bush sleigh' to pull cargo across deep snow.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
468,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
9078,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make boat ribs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9079,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make regular and racing paddles for canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9080,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark woven into capes and loincloths.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9081,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark woven into blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9328,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,257,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Plant used to make twine, cordage and binding.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"
17182,1894,Hierochloe alpina ssp. alpina,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
17237,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
27177,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots mixed with red cedar bark and used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
39972,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39973,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used in basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39974,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as the main structural elements in baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39975,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for roofing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39976,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to partition long houses and make temporary shelters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39977,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house posts and planks in traditional house construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39978,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make dancing platforms.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39979,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to cover canoes to keep the rain out.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39980,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to carve canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39981,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make hats of various types.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39982,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark woven into hip length leggings to wear through deep snow.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39983,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make rain capes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39984,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Branches twisted together to make a type of rope used to tie covers to storage boxes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39985,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Bark used to make baby cradles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39986,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats to sit on.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39987,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40966,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used for making temporary shelters or huts by hunters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
41775,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fiber used to make cordage, bindings and nets.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
269,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make chairs and insect proof storage boxes for dancing regalia.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
1958,122,Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
9331,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
21492,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,157,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant used as a belt for the blankets that were worn.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 157"
29289,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Seed 'wool' spun and used to make blankets and toques.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
30343,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,272,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 272"
41915,4063,Usnea longissima (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
41921,4064,Usnea sp.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
42688,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to wipe the body off after bathing in water.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
378,15,Acacia greggii Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,225,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split twigs used as basket material.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225"
379,15,Acacia greggii Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,225,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Twigs made into a brush and used to brush off metates.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225"
1867,97,Agave utahensis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Used to make brushes for the hair and for cleaning grinding stones. To make the brushes, the dried matter of a dead and rotten leaf was knocked free from the fibers, which were then bent in two.  The upper end of this brush was wrapped with a cord and the bent portion was covered with buckskin or cloth.  The loose fibers were cut to the right length and hardened by burning the ends.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
3155,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,222,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used to make basket rims.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222"
3156,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,222,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222"
3881,295,Apocynum ?floribundum Greene (pro sp.) [androsaemifolium ? cannabinum],89,Havasupai,2,ws85,236,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems used for thatch on houses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 236"
3882,295,Apocynum ?floribundum Greene (pro sp.) [androsaemifolium ? cannabinum],89,Havasupai,2,ws85,236,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark strips braided and worn as a belt.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 236"
3883,295,Apocynum ?floribundum Greene (pro sp.) [androsaemifolium ? cannabinum],89,Havasupai,2,ws85,236,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Vines, with leaves removed, twisted into a rope and used by children in play.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 236"
5631,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,246,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used for thatch.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246"
6780,532,Baccharis emoryi Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,246,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in coil basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246"
6781,532,Baccharis emoryi Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,246,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make fence posts and in brush house construction.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246"
8869,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,226,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 226"
9575,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,241,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Branches, with bark removed, used unsplit as rod foundations in coil basketry.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 241"
13151,1404,Ephedra sp.,89,Havasupai,58,bc41,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Twigs used to make drying mat for pulp.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 17"
14696,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for the top ring of baskets.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
14697,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used for the ladderback rungs of the cradleboards.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
15281,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,235,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house and fence construction.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235"
15282,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,235,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make the oval frame for the cradleboard.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235"
18853,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,206,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used on top of the brush covering of the winter houses to keep the dirt from falling through.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"
18854,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,206,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Logs and brush, covered with dirt, used to make winter houses.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"
24011,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves used for thatch.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
24012,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into a coarse mat and used for drying mescal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
26576,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,209,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems used to make mats for drying yucca fruit pulp, baked mescal, peaches or figs.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209"
27549,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house construction.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27550,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Melted gum used to plug a leaky canteen or other containers.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27809,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house construction.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27810,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Melted gum used to plug a leaky canteen or other containers.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
28635,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,249,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used for thatch in building houses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249"
28636,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,249,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Straight stems used to form the back of the cradleboard.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249"
29471,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,213,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled stems split and used to make baskets.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213"
29472,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,213,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts and in the construction of shades and houses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213"
29902,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,241,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Spines stored and used as decorative elements in basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 241"
29974,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,228,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make the base frame of the cradleboard.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 228"
31625,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark crushed, rubbed into softness and stuffed into over shoes for warmth.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
31626,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Soft bark used as an absorbent diaper for children.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
31627,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark made into loosely twisted ropes and used to make sleeping mats.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
31628,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft bark used in a thick layer in infants' cradleboards.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
33113,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,229,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used as an important basketry material.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229"
35684,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,214,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young shoots used for basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 214"
35685,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,214,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts and as fuel for fires.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 214"
35792,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,215,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young shoots used for basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215"
39153,3858,Symphoricarpos sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,243,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Stems used to make the rim of the shade for cradleboards.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 243"
41127,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,208,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stalks and leaves used in thatching houses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 208"
43813,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaf fiber braided into ropes. The leaves contained a good fiber.  The terminal spine and a section of the back of the leaf were removed and pounded to free this fiber from the fleshy portion of the leaf.  The fiber was often braided into rope, three to six ply, from twelve to thirty feet long that were used for many purposes, including handling horses.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
399,16,Acacia koa Gray,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,46,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46"
7392,597,Bobea sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,5,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes or canoe parts.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 5"
9827,938,Cibotium chamissoi Kaulfuss,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,43,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Down used for pillows.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 43"
11886,1199,Cyperus laevigatus L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,9,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers woven into strings and ropes.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 9"
25447,2736,Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Zucc.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,41,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves used to make hats.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 41"
25448,2736,Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Zucc.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,41,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mats.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 41"
40420,3967,Touchardia latifolia Gaud.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Plant fiber used to make fishing lines or ropes.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 71"
9332,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
155,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,41,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Boughs used by wolf dancers as decorative clothing.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
1944,114,Alaria marginata Postels & Ruprecht,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,24,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,"Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey.  This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village.  Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"
2509,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,62,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used for carved dishes and canoe bailers.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
8054,734,Carex aquatilis var. dives (Holm) Kkenth.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make strong handles for baskets and shopping baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
8080,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,50,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dried, split leaves used to make the finest baskets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
8081,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,18,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves used to make fine, closely woven baskets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18"
8082,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,18,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Leaves used to make fine, closely woven hats.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18"
9086,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,33,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood used for making wedge-shaped block for the back of a canoe, used to keep the feet dry.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"
9087,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,33,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving capes and other clothing of head chiefs.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"
9088,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,33,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Wood used for making ornamental dishes and headdresses.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"
9089,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"
11325,1118,Costaria costata (Turner) Saunders,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,24,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,"Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey.  This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village.  Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"
18358,2042,Juncus effusus L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,54,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Tough, round stems dried, twisted or braided and used for tying and binding.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
19982,2152,Lessoniopsis littoralis (Farlow & Setchell) Reinke,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,24,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,"Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey.  This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village.  Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"
20109,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, coarse leaves used to make handles for bags, but not the bags themselves.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
23697,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,25,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Long stipes used to make fishing lines and anchor ropes. Long stipes were dried, then soaked in dogfish or whale oil so they would not lose their flexibility.  Kelp ropes were very strong and could be plaited or spliced together to make them longer.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25"
26652,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bleached leaves used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
27190,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,41,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood sometimes used as lumber.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
29103,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,32,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Long, straight fronds worn as head decoration when visiting another place and bringing gifts.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32"
29104,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,32,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Long, straight fronds used as bedding before mats or mattresses were used.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32"
29799,3118,Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,24,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,"Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey.  This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village.  Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"
29811,3119,Postelsia sp.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,18,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Dried stems used as 'pucks' and sticks for 'beach hockey.',"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18"
30344,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,73,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used in basket decoration and in weaving the large part of the berry-picking baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
37369,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Round, pithy stems used to make baskets, shopping basket handles and basket lids.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
37370,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,53,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried stems used to make mats; excellent mattresses.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
37431,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,54,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rushes used in weaving handles for baskets and shopping bags.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
37432,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,54,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Rushes used in weaving hats.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
39471,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,48,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength, such as paddles.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"
40008,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave baskets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40009,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Very long, straight branches or withes used to make baskets. Cedar withes were also split and used to make a wide variety of strong open-work baskets for berry-picking and other purposes.  These were strengthened at the corners with twisted cedar ropes.  The withes were divided with two vertical cuts.  The two outer rounds were often used for finer construction and possibly the active weft; the inner piece, flattened on two sides, was usually used for the 'framework' (warp and passive weft) of the baskets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40010,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood prized as a material for house construction: shakes, shingles and poles.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40011,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood prized as a material for carving, especially canoes.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40012,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave capes, skirts and aprons.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40013,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Shredded inner bark used for diapers.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40014,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Very long, straight branches or withes used to make ropes. For large ropes, such as those used in whaling, the entire branch would be used.  For smaller ropes, the withes were split off into three parts:  the heartwood would be removed and the outer part twisted into rope.  Branches used for such ropes would be five to eight cm. in diameter.  Hesquiat cedar ropes were quite famous and were often traded to other tribes.  The large ropes were used long ago as whale-hunting lines, anchor lines, and binding lines for tying on house planks or tying together one's effects when moving.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40015,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave mats.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40016,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,35,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Finely beaten bark used as a sponge. Young boys, when they were starting to walk, were rubbed with this bark dipped in cold octopus broth to make them tough.  Girls were told to rub the same liquid on their hands to make them strong.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
40994,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as a mattress when camping.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"
41225,4049,Typha latifolia L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Dried leaves used in weaving the bottoms of baskets and in making bags.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
41226,4049,Typha latifolia L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,58,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried leaves used in making mattresses.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
41688,4058,Urtica dioica L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Dried, peeled stems used to make twine, ropes and herring nets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
43713,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,56,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Purchased grass shaved and dyed to make baskets and edging for mats and baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 56"
9091,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used to make canoes and paddles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
26856,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,94,Hoh,77,r36,59,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Timber used to make shakes, clapboards and framing timbers.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"
26857,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,94,Hoh,77,r36,59,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Limbs and roots shredded, pounded and used to make cord and rope.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"
27196,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,94,Hoh,77,r36,59,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Timber used to make shakes, clapboards and framing timbers.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"
27197,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,94,Hoh,77,r36,59,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Limbs and roots shredded, pounded and used to make cord and rope.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"
27289,2939,Picea sp.,94,Hoh,77,r36,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Limbs and roots split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"
31268,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,94,Hoh,77,r36,58,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Formerly used to make shakes and clapboards for houses.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58"
36091,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,94,Hoh,77,r36,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Limbs split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60"
39476,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40024,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots split and used to make baskets.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40025,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bark used to make wigwams, summer houses and hunting lodges.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40026,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for house construction.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40027,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used to make dugout canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40028,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark inner fibers formerly used to make clothing.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40029,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make an overcoat for fishing in stormy weather.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40030,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark shredded and used to make skirts.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40031,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Twigs and roots twisted and used as ropes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40032,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to line cradles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40033,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,250,Other,Twigs used for drying the body after a bath.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
41781,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,94,Hoh,77,r36,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Roots formerly twisted and made into ropes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
43714,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,94,Hoh,77,r36,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used to make baskets.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60"
4861,371,Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey,95,Hopi,82,c74,286,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plant used for broom material.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 286"
7434,608,Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths,95,Hopi,37,w39,64,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the fill of coiled basketry.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 64"
9801,935,Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.,95,Hopi,126,vest40,167,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as a sand break to protect young corn and melons.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 167"
9818,936,Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus ssp. viscidiflorus var. stenophyllus (Gray) Hall,95,Hopi,126,vest40,167,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as a sand break to protect young corn and melons.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 167"
13652,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,95,Hopi,82,c74,303,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Brush used to make wind breaks.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 303"
13700,1459,Ericameria parryi var. howardii (Parry ex Gray) Nesom & Baird,95,Hopi,126,vest40,167,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used in rows in the sand to act as a sandbreak.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 167"
13701,1459,Ericameria parryi var. howardii (Parry ex Gray) Nesom & Baird,95,Hopi,126,vest40,167,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used in rows in the sand to act as a sandbreak.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 167"
13705,1460,Ericameria parryi var. parryi,95,Hopi,126,vest40,167,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used in rows in the sand to act as a sandbreak.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 167"
18626,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for construction.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
23519,2541,Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb.,95,Hopi,37,w39,65,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Culms stripped of leaves and bound together to form a broom and hair brush.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 65"
23520,2541,Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb.,95,Hopi,72,f96,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make a hair brush and broom.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16"
23521,2541,Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb.,95,Hopi,126,vest40,158,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make brooms.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158"
25521,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,339,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used as basketry material.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
25522,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,95,Hopi,37,w39,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as an important basketry material.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 80"
26579,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,95,Hopi,37,w39,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Used for roofing, tubular pipes, pipe stems and weaving rods.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 66"
27953,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,95,Hopi,37,w39,63,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for large roof timbers.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63"
28615,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used by the women to make coil trays.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
28616,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,95,Hopi,37,w39,65,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the fill of coiled basketry.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 65"
28617,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,325,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Culms used as a floor and hair brush.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 325"
29541,3105,Populus sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used as beams in construction of houses.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
31647,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,82,c74,304,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark spun and woven into kilts worn by the snake priests.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 304"
31648,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,37,w39,78,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark spun and woven into kilts worn by the snake priests.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 78"
31649,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,37,w39,78,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark from large stems used as the padding for cradle boards.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 78"
31650,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,82,c74,304,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used as padding for the cradle board.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 304"
33122,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,72,f96,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used for coarse basketry.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16"
33123,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,356,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used in basketry.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 356"
33124,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,356,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Twigs used to make cradles.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 356"
36186,3551,Salix sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,72,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used in roof construction.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 72"
37136,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,95,Hopi,37,w39,74,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Strong wood used in general construction.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74"
37137,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,358,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 358"
37138,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,358,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used for clothes hooks in houses.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 358"
37663,3642,Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkl.,95,Hopi,72,f96,19,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plant top used as a brush to remove spines from the prickly pears.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 19"
41227,4049,Typha latifolia L.,95,Hopi,27,cu35,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make sleeping mats.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 56"
43760,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in many types of basketry.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
43761,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,58,bc41,50,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaf splints used as brushes to apply color to pottery.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 50"
43762,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,58,bc41,33,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Narrow, split leaf strips used as sewing material for coiled plaques.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 33"
43821,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves occasionally used in basketry.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
43822,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,371,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 371"
43823,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
43996,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
43997,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plant used for paint brushes.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
43998,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Twigs used to make snow brooms.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
44095,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,95,Hopi,58,bc41,50,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaf splints used as brushes to apply color to pottery.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 50"
44198,4231,Yucca glauca var. glauca,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
37546,3614,Scirpus sp.,96,Houma,49,speck41,60,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plants dried and used to make brooms.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60"
40399,3963,Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,59,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried fibers twisted and used for cordage.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 59"
40400,3963,Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,59,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried fibers twisted and used to make floor mats.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 59"
400,17,Acacia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs split and used to coil around the edges of baskets.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 14"
401,17,Acacia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,14,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Limbs used for cradleboard spudi.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 14"
402,17,Acacia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,14,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Roots used to make the cradleboard frame.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 14"
1846,96,Agave sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,55,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Cut, split leaves used to make sandals.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 55"
1847,96,Agave sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,55,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Cut, split leaves used to make rope.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 55"
1848,96,Agave sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Cut, split leaves used to make cradle mats.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 55"
6809,537,Baccharis sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Long, straight stems used for ramada roofs.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 17"
9576,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,97,Hualapai,127,w82,8,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make the bed of the cradleboards.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 8"
9577,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,97,Hualapai,127,w82,8,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Used for making cloth woven spudi.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 8"
14699,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,37,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make cradleboard hoods and beds.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 37"
14814,1629,Fouquieria sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,22,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to construct huts.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 22"
16360,1787,Gutierrezia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used as a utilitarian brush to remove stickers off prickly pear fruits and for sweeping the floor.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 16"
17563,1941,Hymenoclea sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,47,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make brushes and brooms.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 47"
23506,2533,Morus sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,50,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make the frame for coil weaving.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 50"
24041,2591,Nolina parryi S. Wats.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,26,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make coil baskets.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 26"
24045,2592,Nolina sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,51,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for tying and thatching houses.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 51"
28639,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,97,Hualapai,127,w82,27,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Shafts used to make thatch for houses.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 27"
28640,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,97,Hualapai,127,w82,27,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Shafts used to make cradleboard beds.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 27"
29555,3105,Populus sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,3,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,New shoots used in basketry.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 3"
29905,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Mature pods used for the black designs in baskets.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 38"
30067,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,45,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Roots used to make cradleboard frames.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 45"
30094,3157,Prosopis sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Roots used to make cradleboards.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 44"
31632,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,97,Hualapai,127,w82,31,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Inner bark used for huts and the lining of sweathouses.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 31"
31633,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,97,Hualapai,127,w82,31,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Inner bark used for diapers, clothing and sandals.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 31"
33136,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs used to make baskets.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15"
33810,3405,Robinia neomexicana Gray,97,Hualapai,127,w82,34,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make cradleboards.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 34"
36189,3551,Salix sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,29,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the frame in coiled basketry.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 29"
36190,3551,Salix sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make shelters.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 29"
43832,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,39,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stems used to make shoes.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39"
43833,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems used to make rope.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39"
44209,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,97,Hualapai,127,w82,40,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Strong fibers used to make shoes and sandals.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 40"
43573,4196,Woodwardia radicans (L.) J. Sm.,98,Hupa,111,m90,4,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Dyed fronds used in basketry.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 4"
43715,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,98,Hupa,111,m90,2,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used as a border pattern in baskets.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 2"
43716,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,98,Hupa,71,sg52,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
8285,763,Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,39,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Bark used to make chairs.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 39"
11063,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,95,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 95"
12617,1317,Dirca palustris L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,50,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark twisted into cordage.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 50"
12718,1342,Dryopteris sp.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,82,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 82"
15203,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60"
15204,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,60,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Plant used to make chair backs.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60"
15321,1661,Fraxinus sp.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,99,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Bark used to make chair backs.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 99"
17238,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to make baskets.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 67"
24396,2635,Onoclea sp.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,82,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 82"
25108,2703,Osmunda sp.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,82,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 82"
26942,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,83,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make scrub brushes.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 83"
27091,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,83,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make scrub brushes.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 83"
39880,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,83,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Bark pieces packed into joints during construction.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 83"
41235,4049,Typha latifolia L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Flowers used to stuff pillows.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 107"
7592,640,Bromus sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,25,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Tied bunches of stems used to make brooms and brushes.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
16137,1768,Gossypium sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,30,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Cotton used to make belts, sashes and red bands for the hair.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
18386,2048,Juncus sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,32,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used for thatch in building houses.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
24016,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,101,Isleta,76,j31,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf fibers formerly used in basketry.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
24017,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,101,Isleta,76,j31,35,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaf fibers used to make brushes.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
24018,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,101,Isleta,76,j31,35,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaf fibers used to make cords, ropes and whips.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
27957,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,101,Isleta,76,j31,37,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to furnish the beams of 'vega poles' of the houses.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37"
29440,3101,Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder,101,Isleta,76,j31,39,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Smaller limbs and leaves used for thatching houses.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
29441,3101,Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder,101,Isleta,76,j31,39,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood formerly used in making small boats and rafts.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
36195,3551,Salix sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,42,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used to make baskets.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
36196,3551,Salix sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,42,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches and leaves used for thatching houses.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
41236,4049,Typha latifolia L.,101,Isleta,76,j31,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Cattails used to support the mud of thatched roofs.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
43839,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used to make baskets.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
43840,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fibers used to make small brushes for pottery decoration.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
43841,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make cords and ropes.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
44097,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used to make baskets.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
44098,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fibers used to make brushes for pottery decoration.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
44099,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make cords and ropes.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
6828,541,Baileya multiradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray,102,Jemez,28,c30,20,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Plant mixed with clay, used in making adobes and plant used in plaster.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
14701,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,102,Jemez,28,c30,22,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches bound together & used as a broom for outdoor sweeping & to separate chaff from the wheat.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
15797,1722,Geranium atropurpureum Heller,102,Jemez,28,c30,22,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split epidermis used to sew moccasins.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
16579,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,102,Jemez,28,c30,23,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Sunflower mixed with clay, to hold the particles together, and used for plaster.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
18643,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,102,Jemez,28,c30,24,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs and boughs placed across corrals or enclosures as shelters for livestock.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
18644,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,102,Jemez,28,c30,24,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Trunks used as uprights, beams and fence posts.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
19309,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,102,Jemez,28,c30,25,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Blades tied together and used as a broom.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
24026,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,102,Jemez,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets for storage and washing of grains.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
24027,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,102,Jemez,28,c30,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves woven together into baskets.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
28076,2970,Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.,102,Jemez,28,c30,26,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as timbers for roofs.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
33143,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs and small branches used to make baskets.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
35794,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Straight branches used for the inside roofs.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
43847,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,102,Jemez,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
489,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves made into mats and used to cover the layers of dried salmon stored for the winter in baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
1528,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,105,Karok,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the designs in baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1581,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,105,Karok,71,sg52,377,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Softened stems dried and used for the black designs in basket caps and other baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 377"
2460,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
2513,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
2514,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,105,Karok,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2968,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs and stems used to reinforce the rims of basket hoppers for pounding acorns.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
2969,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used as stiffening for baskets or for making handles.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
4191,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4192,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,,,"Wood used for carving, will not split when dry.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
7685,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Boughs and twigs used to make brooms.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
7686,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make boards.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
8656,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,105,Karok,70,b81,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,New shoots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
8657,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young shoots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
9067,859,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used to make brooms.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
9068,859,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood made into planks and used to build sweathouses.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
9069,859,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used as the main post in house construction.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
9070,859,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make circular stools and headrests for the sweathouse.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
9071,859,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used to make pillows for the sweathouse.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
9710,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,105,Karok,71,sg52,380,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Bulb fibers used to make a small brush.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
11266,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,105,Karok,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11302,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sticks used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
11303,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young shoots used to make baby baskets and carrying baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
11304,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Withes twisted to make rope.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
11305,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,105,Karok,71,sg52,382,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used as the heavy part of the frame for snowshoes.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"
13421,1423,Equisetum hyemale var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eat.,105,Karok,71,sg52,378,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Dried stalks used to sharpen mussel shell scrapers and for polishing arrows.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378"
13434,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,105,Karok,70,b81,29,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Stems used to sandpaper madrone spoons.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
15229,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,105,Karok,71,sg52,388,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
18020,2010,Iris macrosiphon Torr.,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves dried, scraped and used to make string or cord.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
18021,2010,Iris macrosiphon Torr.,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make rope.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
18360,2042,Juncus effusus L.,105,Karok,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18372,2044,Juncus ensifolius Wikstr.,105,Karok,71,sg52,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in teaching little girls to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
27750,2964,Pinus lambertiana Dougl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,378,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for building sweathouses.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378"
27959,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,105,Karok,70,b81,45,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bigger roots used for basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
27960,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,105,Karok,71,sg52,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fibers used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378"
29293,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
31272,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make planks.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
35687,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
35688,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used as warp sticks.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
35795,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots scraped, dried and used on the inside of the overlaid twined baskets.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
35796,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the main ribs in baskets as an alternate for Corylus stems.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
35797,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used to make the warp sticks for twined baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
36093,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,105,Karok,71,sg52,381,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"
37375,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,105,Karok,71,sg52,380,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for making matting.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
39482,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Leaves used to sew sacks.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
42318,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,105,Karok,71,sg52,388,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems and twigs used to make brooms.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
43376,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,105,Karok,70,b81,62,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as basketry material for the basket bottoms.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
43377,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
43378,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,105,Karok,71,sg52,386,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Vines used to moor a boat and smaller vines twisted to make ropes.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
43569,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,105,Karok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf fiber used to make baskets. Fibers were pounded from the rachis and dyed with Alnus bark for use in basketry.  The fibers were then dried and coiled for storage.  They were soaked to unroll and used.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43574,4196,Woodwardia radicans (L.) J. Sm.,105,Karok,71,sg52,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketmaking.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378"
43702,4216,Xerophyllum sp.,105,Karok,109,m66,211,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 211"
43703,4216,Xerophyllum sp.,105,Karok,109,m66,211,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make basket hats for men and women.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 211"
43718,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"
43719,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"New sprouts used to make baskets, especially for designs.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
5641,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,13,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Pounded bark used as a lining or wrapper inside winter shoes.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13"
6117,432,Asclepias fascicularis Dcne.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,14,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems used as the principal source of cordage.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 14"
9713,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,19,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Upper fiber ends dipped in starch, tied together and used as brushes. The brush was used in the following ways:  (1) to clean out the bedrock mortar hole before tobacco leaves were pounded and to remove the pulverized tobacco afterwards--a usage that probably applied to other materials--(2) to sweep fine meal off the sifting tray; (3) to brush the hair--an old brush must be used for this purpose or 'the hair ends will split'--and (4) when wet, to scrub things clean.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 19"
15327,1663,Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,32,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark made into cordage and tied in a loop to upper ends of poles to make a winterhouse smoke hole.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32"
15328,1663,Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,32,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark make into a twine and used to sting pinyon seeds for winter storage.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32"
15329,1663,Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,32,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradles.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32"
16263,1784,Gutierrezia californica (DC.) Torr. & Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,33,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Plant used as wall filler in the construction of the winter house. Built on a circular ground plan of vertical and horizontal poles, the house had matchweed packed in so tightly between the poles that one could not see through.  However, there was appartenly an outer covering usually of tule mats.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33"
18331,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split stems used in weaving coiled baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35"
18417,2053,Juniperus californica Carr.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,35,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used as a house covering.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35"
21266,2274,Lotus procumbens (Greene) Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,38,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used as wall filler in the construction of the winter house.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 38"
23535,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,42,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used as the multiple rod foundation material in coiled basketry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 42"
27961,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,51,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Needles used as an outer covering for the winterhouse.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 51"
28117,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,52,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Needles used as an outer covering for the winterhouse.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 52"
29812,3120,Potamogeton diversifolius Raf.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,53,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stem fibers used to make a strong cord.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"
29894,3143,Proboscidea louisianica (P. Mill.) Thellung,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Long, pointed seed capsule horns used as the black pattern material in coiled basketry.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"
31522,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf midrib or root used for the black pattern material in coiled basketry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 55"
31945,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
31968,3256,Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make rims for twined work baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
31969,3256,Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
32007,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
32148,3266,Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
32194,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
32247,3272,Quercus lobata N‚e,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
32600,3296,Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make rims for twined work baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
32601,3296,Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,56,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"
33245,3353,Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split stem strands used to make twined and coiled baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59"
33986,3422,Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Unsplit stems used as rims in twined basketry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 60"
34262,3435,Rosa woodsii var. ultramontana (S. Wats.) Jepson,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Unsplit stems used as rims in twined basketry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 60"
35691,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Young, green stems used to make baskets.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"
35692,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as the poles for the winterhouse and sweathouse construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"
35693,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"
35694,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,61,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make the oval and Y shaped cradles.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"
35798,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as the poles for the winterhouse and sweathouse construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"
35799,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"
35935,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems split for coiled baskets and as weft in twined baskets; unsplit as warps in twined baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"
37464,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Slender rootstock cores used as pattern material for coiled baskets.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"
37491,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,63,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Stems sewn with cord, made into mats and used as interior and exterior walls in house construction.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"
37492,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,63,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems used as wall filler in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"
37493,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems sewn with cord, made into mats & used as rugs, meat platters, cradle linings & sleeping mats.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"
41131,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Long leaves used in house construction.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"
41885,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,68,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Outer stem layers separated into long strands and two or three twisted into a cord.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"
44007,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,69,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dark red rootstock core used as pattern material in coiled basketry. The core was split into strands, soaked and worked in with the coiling so that the color was always on the outside.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"
44290,4239,Yucca whipplei var. caespitosa M.E. Jones,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,69,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split rootstock cores used as pattern material in coiled basketry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"
44291,4239,Yucca whipplei var. caespitosa M.E. Jones,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,69,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Green leaves made into strong cord used to bind the vertical & horizontal poles of the winterhouse.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"
7536,623,Brickellia ambigens (Greene.) A. Nels.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,33,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Tied bunches of plants used as rough brooms.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
7556,627,Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,33,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Tied bunches of plants used as rough brooms.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
7590,639,Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,34,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Tied bunches of plants used as hair brushes and light brooms.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
8944,842,Cercocarpus montanus Raf.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,35,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Bunches of tied bushes used for rough brooms.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
11987,1217,Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,58,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plant used for light brooms.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
13658,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,37,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plant used for rough brooms.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37"
13714,1463,Erigeron asper Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,42,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Tied bunches of plants used for brooms.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
13744,1473,Erigeron flagellaris Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,42,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Tied bunches of plants used for brooms.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
14702,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,44,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Brush used for rough brooms, especially in Acoma.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
18656,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,48,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Larger twigs used for basket frames.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
18657,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,48,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Tree used to make posts and lumber.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
18658,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,48,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark rubbed fine and used to make baby clothes.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
24028,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to make baskets.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
24029,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used to make mats.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
24695,2662,Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,55,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Thorns used as sewing material and for tattooing.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
28077,2970,Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for logs.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
33150,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,66,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches woven into rough baskets.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66"
35806,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young branches used to make baskets.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 67"
35807,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Young branches used to make mats.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 67"
38420,3736,Solidago gigantea Ait.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems made into rough baskets.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 67"
39287,3890,Tamarix gallica L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,72,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant considered an important source of wood.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 72"
43849,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaf fibers used to make ropes. Leaves were pounded between stones to separate the fibers which were used for ropes.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
44109,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,76,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76"
44110,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,76,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Chewed leaves used to make brushes for pottery paint.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76"
44111,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Crushed leaf fibers twisted and used for ropes.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76"
14704,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,108,Keresan,90,w45,558,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make arrows and brooms.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 558"
24030,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,108,Keresan,90,w45,559,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559"
3194,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3195,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3196,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
5839,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,57,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make cushions for the worshippers in the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
17243,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17244,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17245,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17246,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
29375,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make poles for the ceremonial tepee.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36201,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in construction of summer shelters.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
42941,4120,Vernonia missurica Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,62,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Tall stems used as an overnight bed. Tall stems gathered, piled six inches thick on the ground and arranged in a rectangular form.  Used when traveling.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
9092,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9093,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9094,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood used to make bows, adze handles, paddles and storage containers.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9095,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark pounded and used to make fine quality clothing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"