id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
613,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
614,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
615,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
641,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
642,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
643,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
670,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
671,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
1626,74,Aesculus flava Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
1627,74,Aesculus flava Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make baby cradles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
3788,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibers used to weave grave cloth material.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
3789,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make cords.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
5914,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
5915,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make burden baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
5916,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Used to make cane webbing, plastered with mud, supported with wood and used as a dwelling.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
6338,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stems used to make belts.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
6384,450,Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used to make strong ropes and string.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
7075,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
8272,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to finish baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8273,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Inner bark used to make chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8318,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to finish baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8319,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Inner bark used to make chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8387,768,Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to finish baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8388,768,Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Inner bark used to make chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8416,774,Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber and fence rails.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29"
10110,990,Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.-Cours.) Rudd,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
11446,1132,Crataegus spathulata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Bark tea taken or bathed in by ball players to ward off tacklers.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
14663,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
15265,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for firewood and lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
15266,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,"Wood used to make handles, ball bats and butter paddles.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
15996,1752,Gleditsia triacanthos L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
16404,1797,Halesia carolina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
18177,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
18251,2034,Juglans nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
18355,2042,Juncus effusus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make string to bind up dough in oak leaves for cooking bread.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
18394,2050,Juncus tenuis Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,53,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make string to bind up dough in oak leaves for cooking bread.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53"
19138,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19139,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
20484,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
20485,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
20486,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
21221,2266,Lonicera japonica Thunb.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Vines used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
21799,2366,Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
21800,2366,Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
21815,2368,Magnolia macrophylla Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
21816,2368,Magnolia macrophylla Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
25216,2713,Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make sled runners.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
25472,2742,Panicum sp.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stems used for padding inside of moccasins.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
27135,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
27136,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to make lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
27517,2958,Pinus echinata P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
27518,2958,Pinus echinata P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28078,2971,Pinus pungens Lamb.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28079,2971,Pinus pungens Lamb.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28104,2974,Pinus rigida P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28105,2974,Pinus rigida P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28176,2977,Pinus strobus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28177,2977,Pinus strobus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28264,2978,Pinus taeda L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28265,2978,Pinus taeda L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28577,3017,Platanus occidentalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
30327,3164,Prunus cerasus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30328,3164,Prunus cerasus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30483,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30484,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30580,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30581,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30740,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30741,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
31872,3253,Quercus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
31873,3253,Quercus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
31874,3253,Quercus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
31875,3253,Quercus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32049,3262,Quercus falcata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32050,3262,Quercus falcata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32051,3262,Quercus falcata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32052,3262,Quercus falcata Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32173,3269,Quercus imbricaria Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32174,3269,Quercus imbricaria Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32175,3269,Quercus imbricaria Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32176,3269,Quercus imbricaria Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32337,3282,Quercus prinus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make railroad ties.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32360,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32361,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32362,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32363,3285,Quercus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32505,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32506,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32507,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32508,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32541,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32542,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32543,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make woven chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
32544,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
33800,3404,Robinia hispida L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts and sills for houses.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
33820,3406,Robinia pseudoacacia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts and sills for houses.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
37224,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
40329,3959,Tilia americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40330,3959,Tilia americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Boiled bark twisted into rope.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40331,3959,Tilia americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40392,3961,Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40393,3961,Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Boiled bark twisted into rope.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40394,3961,Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used to make chair bottoms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
40852,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
40853,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
40926,4042,Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
40927,4042,Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
41504,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Inner bark chewed and spat onto baseball glove to make the ball stick to the glove.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
378,15,Acacia greggii Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,225,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split twigs used as basket material.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225"
379,15,Acacia greggii Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,225,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Twigs made into a brush and used to brush off metates.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225"
1867,97,Agave utahensis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Used to make brushes for the hair and for cleaning grinding stones. To make the brushes, the dried matter of a dead and rotten leaf was knocked free from the fibers, which were then bent in two.  The upper end of this brush was wrapped with a cord and the bent portion was covered with buckskin or cloth.  The loose fibers were cut to the right length and hardened by burning the ends.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
3155,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,222,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used to make basket rims.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222"
3156,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,222,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222"
3881,295,Apocynum ?floribundum Greene (pro sp.) [androsaemifolium ? cannabinum],89,Havasupai,2,ws85,236,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems used for thatch on houses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 236"
3882,295,Apocynum ?floribundum Greene (pro sp.) [androsaemifolium ? cannabinum],89,Havasupai,2,ws85,236,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark strips braided and worn as a belt.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 236"
3883,295,Apocynum ?floribundum Greene (pro sp.) [androsaemifolium ? cannabinum],89,Havasupai,2,ws85,236,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Vines, with leaves removed, twisted into a rope and used by children in play.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 236"
5631,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,246,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used for thatch.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246"
6780,532,Baccharis emoryi Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,246,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in coil basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246"
6781,532,Baccharis emoryi Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,246,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make fence posts and in brush house construction.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246"
8869,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,226,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 226"
9575,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,241,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Branches, with bark removed, used unsplit as rod foundations in coil basketry.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 241"
14696,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for the top ring of baskets.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
14697,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used for the ladderback rungs of the cradleboards.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
15281,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,235,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house and fence construction.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235"
15282,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,235,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make the oval frame for the cradleboard.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235"
18853,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,206,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used on top of the brush covering of the winter houses to keep the dirt from falling through.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"
18854,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,206,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Logs and brush, covered with dirt, used to make winter houses.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"
24011,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves used for thatch.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
24012,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into a coarse mat and used for drying mescal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
26576,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,209,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems used to make mats for drying yucca fruit pulp, baked mescal, peaches or figs.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209"
27549,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house construction.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27550,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Melted gum used to plug a leaky canteen or other containers.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27809,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house construction.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27810,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Melted gum used to plug a leaky canteen or other containers.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
28635,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,249,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used for thatch in building houses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249"
28636,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,249,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Straight stems used to form the back of the cradleboard.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249"
29471,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,213,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled stems split and used to make baskets.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213"
29472,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,213,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts and in the construction of shades and houses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213"
29902,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,241,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Spines stored and used as decorative elements in basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 241"
29974,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,228,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make the base frame of the cradleboard.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 228"
31625,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark crushed, rubbed into softness and stuffed into over shoes for warmth.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
31626,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Soft bark used as an absorbent diaper for children.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
31627,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark made into loosely twisted ropes and used to make sleeping mats.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
31628,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft bark used in a thick layer in infants' cradleboards.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
33113,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,229,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used as an important basketry material.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229"
35684,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,214,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young shoots used for basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 214"
35685,3521,Salix bonplandiana Kunth,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,214,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts and as fuel for fires.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 214"
35792,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,215,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young shoots used for basketry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215"
39153,3858,Symphoricarpos sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,243,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Stems used to make the rim of the shade for cradleboards.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 243"
41127,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,208,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stalks and leaves used in thatching houses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 208"
43813,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaf fiber braided into ropes. The leaves contained a good fiber.  The terminal spine and a section of the back of the leaf were removed and pounded to free this fiber from the fleshy portion of the leaf.  The fiber was often braided into rope, three to six ply, from twelve to thirty feet long that were used for many purposes, including handling horses.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
417,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,285,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285"
504,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,285,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285"
1587,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,133,Makah,3,g83,217,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dark petioles split in two, worked until soft and used for black in basketry.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 217"
8084,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,133,Makah,3,g83,330,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the horizontal strands in basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 330"
9122,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,227,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Bark fibers, nettle fibers and dog hair used to make a stronger rope.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 227"
23710,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,133,Makah,3,g83,206,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Solid stipes used for tying.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23717,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,206,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Lower stipes used for ropes and fishing lines.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
26657,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,133,Makah,3,g83,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"White, sun bleached leaves used in basketry.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 328"
27234,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split roots used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27235,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used to fill cracks and knot holes in canoes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
29309,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,241,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fibers, dog hair and nettles used to make stronger ropes.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 241"
30380,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,266,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark strips used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 266"
35863,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35864,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35865,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35866,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
37439,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,133,Makah,3,g83,332,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 332"
37515,3611,Scirpus microcarpus J.& K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,332,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the bottom portion of baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 332"
40081,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40082,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40083,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark pounded until soft and made into clothes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40086,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to line baby cradles.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40120,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make ropes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
41031,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,133,Makah,3,g83,238,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 238"
41707,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used in weaving baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41708,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make string.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41716,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,246,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fibers, yellow cedar bark or cottonwood fibers and dog hair used to make stronger ropes.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41925,4064,Usnea sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,211,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used in bags as pillows when feathers unavailable.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
41927,4064,Usnea sp.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,211,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to diaper babies and for women's sanitary napkins.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
43723,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,343,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 343"
4276,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves used for head covering.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
7163,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as coverings for dwellings.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
12489,1296,Dicranum bonjeanii De Not,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,350,Other,Used as an absorbent.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
13349,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used for scouring.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
15243,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to cover wigwams.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
15320,1661,Fraxinus sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoe frames and sleds.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
19146,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
19455,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used for twine.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
25119,2705,Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as frames for dwellings.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
27137,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used in sewing canoes.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
27138,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Gum used to make pitch.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
37480,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
38696,3783,Sphagnum sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,249,Other,Used as an absorbent.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
40336,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used for twine and general utility.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
41200,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for baskets.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
41202,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
32568,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mattress bedding.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 55"
33174,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Vine fibers used to make baskets.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 63"
36393,3557,Salvia columbariae Benth.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,54,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Formerly used to cover dwellings.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 54"
44285,4238,Yucca whipplei Torr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Pods used for basketry.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 58"
6272,445,Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail,291,Zuni,6,s15,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Pods gathered when two thirds ripe and the cotton used for weaving clothing. The cotton was used for weaving beautiful white dance kilts, women's belts and other articles of clothing.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 77"
6273,445,Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail,291,Zuni,6,s15,88,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Coma made into cords and used for fastening plumes to the prayer sticks. The sticks were used as offerings and were planted in the fields and in sacred springs.  An excavation was made in the bed of the spring in which the offerings were deposited with a stone attached and covered with soil from the bottom.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88"
7447,608,Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths,291,Zuni,6,s15,83,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Grass bunches tied together and the severed end used as a hairbrush, the other as a broom.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 83"
13623,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make baskets. The outer bark was removed and the stems were covered with sand to render them more pliable.  The stems were often dyed and some of the completed baskets were decorated with color.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
16130,1766,Gossypium hirsutum L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Cotton used to make ceremonial garments.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 77"
16131,1766,Gossypium hirsutum L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,92,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fuzz made into cords and used ceremonially.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 92"
25532,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Pleasantly fragrant plant used for weaving baskets.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
33241,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Stems, with the bark removed, used in making fine 'Apache' and other baskets. The bark covered stems were used to form patterns in the weave.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
35929,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Slender switches used to make baskets.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
35930,3535,Salix irrorata Anderss.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems formerly used for filling between the house rafters.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
38776,3805,Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Grass bunches fastened together and used to construct shelters in or near the distant fields.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
38777,3805,Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass bunches fastened together to make mats for covering hatchways and other openings in the house.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
43975,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Interlaced leaves used to make baskets.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
43976,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Split leaves used to make winnowing baskets, baskets for serving food & for transporting materials.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
43977,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Leaf fibers used in weaving fabrics. The leaves were folded about four inches in length and tied with a fragment of the leaf.  These folds were boiled with a small quantity of cedar ashes.  When sufficiently cooked, the leaves were placed in a bowl or basket and cooled.  When the leaves were cooled, youths and young women peeled off the epidermis, and chewed the leaves starting at one end and progressing to the other.  After chewing the leaves, the fibers were separated, straightened out, tied with fiber strings and hung in an inner room to dry.  When required for weaving, the fibers were soaked in water to soften them.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
43979,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaf fibers made into cords used to tie prayer plume offerings together & for other ceremonial uses.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
43981,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split leaves used in place of cords or rope.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
43984,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Split leaves plaited into mats for covering hatchways, grain vases and other vessels. The leaves are also used for making pads for supporting water vases upon the head.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
44192,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,82,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Leaves made into brushes & used for decorating pottery, ceremonial masks, alters and other objects.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 82"
44193,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,79,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves soaked in water to soften them and made into rope by knotting them together. The fibers of the leaves were separated and lengthened for making a coarse cord.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 79"
44195,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,79,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Leaves used for making mats, cincture pads and other articles.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 79"
7085,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to build dwellings and lodges.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7086,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make birch bark canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7110,576,Betula lenta L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to build dwellings and lodges.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7111,576,Betula lenta L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make birch bark canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7236,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to build dwellings and lodges.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7239,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make birch bark canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
15213,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used to make canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
15214,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18389,2049,Juncus stygius L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to weave mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18554,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bark used to build houses, wigwams and wickiups.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18555,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split strips or stakes used to make a pen to enclose graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18556,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18557,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18558,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18600,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bark used to build houses, wigwams and wickiups.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18601,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split strips or stakes used to make a pen to enclose graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18602,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18603,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18604,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19172,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bark used to build houses, wigwams and wickiups.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19173,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split strips or stakes used to make a pen to enclose graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19174,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19175,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19176,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19525,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used to sew canoes and used as the strong upper wrappings over the canoe edges.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
27377,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Boughs used on the ground or floor, covered with blankets and other bedding and used as a bed.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
28255,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Boughs used on the ground or floor, covered with blankets and other bedding and used as a bed.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
38549,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make ribs for canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
38550,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoe frames.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
38551,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Wood used to lacrosse clubs.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
40373,3959,Tilia americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,232,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark of young sprouts used to make twine and rope.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232"
40375,3959,Tilia americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,232,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Inner bark of young sprouts used to make thread.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232"
41291,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Blades used to weave mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
209,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
311,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs valued as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
432,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used in making baby basket frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
433,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used in making snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
458,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibrous inner bark used to make twine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
459,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used for cradle frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
460,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Branches used whenever obtainable to make snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
525,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner bark used to make scouring pads, temporary baskets and sometimes for weaving bags.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
526,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Inner bark used to make scouring pads and sometimes for weaving bags and for temporary baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
2454,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
3864,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Plant made into rope and used to make fishnets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3865,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stems used to make string. The stems were cut in the fall, usually in October, soaked and sometimes split in half. The fibrous outer skin was peeled off and the brittle inner stem discarded.  The fibrous part was then dried for indefinite storage and used to make string.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3868,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Plant made into thread and used for sewing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
5804,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibrous bark used in weaving bags and clothing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5805,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous bark used in weaving mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
6254,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Cottony seed pappus formerly used for infant diapers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6255,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used as a substitute for Indian hemp in making thread used for tying and binding.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
7304,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for baskets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7305,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for walls and roofing.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7306,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for canoes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7307,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for cradles.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7636,658,Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Grass, rubbed and softened, sometimes mixed with sagebrush bark, used to make socks.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
8056,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,'Swamp hay' softened by rubbing and used as insoles for moccasins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8087,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,'Swamp hay' softened by rubbing and used as insoles for moccasins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8124,752,Carex sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaves used as brushes for cleaning things.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
10267,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Cottony seed fluff used in infant diapers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10969,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make the bow at the top of a baby's cradle.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
12993,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12995,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12996,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
13412,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Rough, silicon impregnated stems used to smooth and polish implements of wood, bone and steatite. The stems were used to do the final polishing of wooden spoons and to polish the soft rock used for pipe bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13466,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Rough, silicon impregnated stems used to smooth and polish implements of wood, bone and steatite. The stems were used to do the final polishing of wooden spoons and to polish the soft rock used for pipe bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13496,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Rough, silicon impregnated stems used to smooth and polish implements of wood, bone and steatite. The stems were used to do the final polishing of wooden spoons and to polish the soft rock used for pipe bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
20082,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Culms used for basket imbrication as a substitute for another plant or other swamp grasses.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
20973,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Leaves used as padding, especially in children's cradles, to cause them to sleep a lot.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
21114,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Vines used with other plants as building materials. The vines were used with willow withes to reinforce suspension bridges across canyons and rivers.  The vines were also twisted with coyote willow to lash together the framing poles of underground pit houses and to make a pliable ladder on the outside of the pit house, running from the opening down to the ground.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
26411,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sticks used as edging for birch bark baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26413,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Sticks used as edging for birch bark cradle hoods.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26627,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,142,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basket imbrication.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 142"
26629,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,142,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems twined together to make food drying mats similar to those of tule stems.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 142"
27477,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Delimbed trunks used as framework poles for traditional sleeping platforms.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
28053,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Needles used as insulation on the roofs of pit houses.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
29345,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used for dugout canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29346,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cottony seed fluff used for stuffing mattresses and pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29347,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Inner bark used as a scouring pad.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
30416,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, waterproof bark used with grass stems for imbrication of coiled split cedar root baskets. The basket was either left a natural light reddish brown color or was dyed by burying it in damp earth or letting it sit in a rusty tin can.  After being buried a short time, it became a dark brown color and when kept for a longer time, it became black.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30417,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark made into twine and used for reinforcement of old suspension bridges.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30418,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make twine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
31214,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs considered important for construction.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31215,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Young, second growth boughs used to make early summer lodges.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31216,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used for caulking canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31217,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as floor coverings for lodges and sweathouses. The boughs were generally mixed with juniper and sagebrush branches for the sweat house floor coverings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31218,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used in the sweat lodge as a mat for scrubbing the skin. The scrubbing mats prevented them from having body odor and made them feel fresh and clean.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31219,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood from young trees used to make snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
33010,3347,Rhus glabra L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,149,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as basket covers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 149"
33915,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Heavy, split wood used to make cradle hoops.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34092,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Heavy, split wood used to make cradle hoops.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34132,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Heavy, split wood used to make cradle hoops.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34246,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Heavy, split wood used to make cradle hoops.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
36318,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split withes used for weaving baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36319,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Branches with the bark and leaves twisted and used for tying and binding in construction. The branches were used for tying and binding, especially in constructing the underground winter pit houses and in making fish traps, weirs and rafts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36320,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split withes heated and twisted to make cabling for suspension bridges in 'the old days.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36321,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Branches used in making fish traps, weirs and rafts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36322,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Dry logs lashed together to make rafts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36324,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Long shoots made into rope and used in lashing together fish drying racks and fish weir stakes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36325,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Softened stems twisted to make rope and used to lash together fish drying racks.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36326,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split withes used to make string and rope.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36327,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make cradle hoops.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
37424,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems laid in an overlapping fashion and used for roofing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37425,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make capes, bags and Indian doctor headdresses.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37426,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make mats. Food was placed on tule mats in order to dry it. The mats were also used as place mats for eating, as floor covering in lodges, as room partitions in pit houses, as walls for summer lodges and as mattresses and pillows.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
38734,3792,Spiraea douglasii Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,274,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used to make brooms.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274"
40258,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,94,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Split roots made into coiled, water tight baskets and used for boiling food. The outer strips of the roots were used to make the bottom of the basket, the center core was used in the coils and the bark of the roots was used for making the edges because of its toughness.  The roots could not be harvested in the winter because it was too difficult to scrape the bark off of the stiff, brown roots.  In the spring and early fall, the bark was more easily removed and the roots were white.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 94"
40259,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,94,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split roots made into water tight baskets and used for boiling food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 94"
40260,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,94,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood splints sometimes used for the inner foundation of baskets rather than root bundles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 94"
40269,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,94,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Inner bark, maple or cottonwood inner bark used to make scouring pads.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 94"
40541,3987,Tragopogon sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,185,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fluffy pappus of fruits used to make 'cotton' for stuffing pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 185"
41105,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Broken boughs used by the handful as a bath brush.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
41390,4049,Typha latifolia L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,144,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves & stems made into mats used as wall insulators and in constructing temporary summer houses. The mats were twined with fiber of Indian hemp or silverberry.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144"
41391,4049,Typha latifolia L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,144,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Downy seed fluff used as diapers for infants.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144"
41392,4049,Typha latifolia L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Downy seed fluff used in quilts and as a substitute for feathers in stuffing pillows and mattresses. The seed fluff was considered to be 'really warm.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144"
41394,4049,Typha latifolia L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves and stems made into twined mats and used as mattresses and placemats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144"
41740,4058,Urtica dioica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,289,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Plant tops used to make twine and fine thread. The plant tops were made into twine in the same manner as Indian hemp.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
388,15,Acacia greggii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,90,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bushes dried, piled high and used as brush fences.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"
389,15,Acacia greggii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,90,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make cradle frames.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"
1776,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,193,Pima,11,c49,48,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Dead leaves cut, beaten, and fibers twined into cords or rope.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 48"
6806,536,Baccharis sarothroides Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,65,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Green stalks cut, tied together with strings and used as brooms.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 65"
6807,536,Baccharis sarothroides Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,65,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stalks used to make brooms.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 65"
14821,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,11,c49,89,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for house construction.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 89"
14827,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,193,Pima,11,c49,89,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Stalks freed from thorns, bound together with rawhide or wire and used as shelves.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 89"
26616,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,193,Pima,11,c49,75,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75"
29485,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,109,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used for basket making.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109"
29486,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,109,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make fence posts.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109"
29893,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basket making.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29910,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used extensively for basket making.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
30079,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,193,Pima,11,c49,96,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96"
30139,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30140,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Roots used to make cradle frames.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
35853,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,108,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as foundations for outdoor storage baskets.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
35854,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,108,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used as padding in baby cradles.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
35855,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,116,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Small, green branches split in two, peeled, twisted, dried and used for sewing coiled baskets.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 116"
41119,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Flower stalks split, dried and used for basket weaving.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41120,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Green leaves woven into roofs.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41121,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Green leaves woven into mats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41122,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Silky down used as stuffing for pillows.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
9,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Boughs used as a 'bush sleigh' to pull cargo across deep snow.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
269,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make chairs and insect proof storage boxes for dancing regalia.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
468,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
1958,122,Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
2559,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,86,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood used to make tool handles, canoe bailers, masks and rattles.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"
9078,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make boat ribs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9079,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make regular and racing paddles for canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9080,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark woven into capes and loincloths.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9081,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark woven into blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9092,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9093,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9094,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood used to make bows, adze handles, paddles and storage containers.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9095,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark pounded and used to make fine quality clothing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9096,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make hats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9097,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9098,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark pounded and used to make fine quality blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9099,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9127,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes and canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9128,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make robes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9129,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9130,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9326,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,86,Haisla,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9328,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,257,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Plant used to make twine, cordage and binding.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"
9331,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9332,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9333,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
17182,1894,Hierochloe alpina ssp. alpina,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
17237,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
21492,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,157,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant used as a belt for the blankets that were worn.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 157"
27177,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots mixed with red cedar bark and used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27199,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,317,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used by hunters as shelter.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317"
27249,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for structural elements in basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27498,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,318,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used by hunters as shelter to discourage and repel animals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318"
29129,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,56,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Leaves used to make a 'hula hula skirt' as part of the costume of some male, tsaika dancers.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 56"
29130,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used as a mat under fish when cleaning and cutting.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 56"
29289,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Seed 'wool' spun and used to make blankets and toques.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
29307,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,164,Nisga,14,c93,349,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 349"
30343,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,272,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 272"
38698,3783,Sphagnum sp.,86,Haisla,14,c93,148,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant used for diapering infants.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 148"
39464,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,86,Haisla,14,c93,187,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make boat ribs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39519,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39520,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39972,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39973,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used in basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39974,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as the main structural elements in baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39975,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for roofing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39976,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to partition long houses and make temporary shelters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39977,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house posts and planks in traditional house construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39978,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make dancing platforms.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39979,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to cover canoes to keep the rain out.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39980,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to carve canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39981,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make hats of various types.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39982,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark woven into hip length leggings to wear through deep snow.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39983,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make rain capes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39984,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Branches twisted together to make a type of rope used to tie covers to storage boxes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39985,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Bark used to make baby cradles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39986,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats to sit on.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39987,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40158,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibrous tissue used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40159,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark and roots used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40160,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40161,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40162,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Fibrous tissue used to make canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40163,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Inner bark used to make canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40164,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Inner bark used to make sails for canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40165,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make dugout canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40166,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibrous tissue used to make napkins and clothing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40167,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make dance costumes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40168,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Inner bark used to make women's aprons, conical rain capes and napkins.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40169,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Wood used to make hoops worn by dancers as part of their costumes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40170,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark made into cordage and used as lanyards or lines and to secure boxes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40171,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous tissue used for weaving mats and screens.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40276,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40277,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40278,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make diapers for infants and rain proof capes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40280,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40966,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used for making temporary shelters or huts by hunters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
41021,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs made into huts and used to house girls following their first menstruation.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41022,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Boughs made into special shelters for hunters, fishers, shamans and their initiates.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41051,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Boughs made into special shelters for hunters, fishers, shamans and their initiates.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41775,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fiber used to make cordage, bindings and nets.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41804,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fiber used to make bow strings, fishing line for jigging, ropes and oolichan traps.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
41915,4063,Usnea longissima (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
41921,4064,Usnea sp.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
42688,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to wipe the body off after bathing in water.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
3790,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,140,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fiber considered the best available for making fine cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"
6127,434,Asclepias incarnata L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,140,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fiber used to make good twine.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"
7320,583,Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,128,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Bark used in boat building. The bark was stripped off at raspberry ripening time, laid away and pressed flat until the next spring.  When required for manufacture, especially in boat building, it was heated over a fire to make it pliable for shaping to the purpose.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128"
8238,758,Carpinus caroliniana Walt.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,127,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Tree used for the main supporting posts for the ridgepole of the wigwam or tent.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127"
15242,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,139,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood logs beaten with mauls to separate the growth layers, cut into strips and woven into baskets. The wood logs were beaten with mauls until the growth layers were loosened so that they could be separated.  The thin sheets of wood were then cut into strips of the desired size and woven into baskets.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139"
18356,2042,Juncus effusus L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,125,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Rushes used for weaving small table mats and other larger mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 125"
35899,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,126,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Cut, peeled willows dipped in hot water to make them tough and pliable and made into baskets. The best time for weaving willow baskets of various forms and sizes was during the springtime.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 126"
37479,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used for weaving floor and wall mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
39857,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe ribs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
39858,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
40334,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make dugout canoes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
40335,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Bast made into cordage of all sorts. The bast was boiled and rubbed on a stick to separate the fibers which were spun into thread for sewing, fine yarn for weaving bags and made into cordage of all sorts.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
40337,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Bast made into thread for sewing and fine yarn for weaving bags.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
40860,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark strips used for wigwam coverings.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
41201,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Leaves used as mats for roofing wigwams. The leaves were laid parallel, with one overlapping another, and were then stitched together with basswood, dogbane or swamp milkweed fiber.  The leaves were said to be quite effective in shedding the rain.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
41429,4051,Ulmus americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,129,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark peeled during raspberry ripening time and used in the winter for house roofing material.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 129"
1498,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
6116,432,Asclepias fascicularis Dcne.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,252,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fiber used as cordage.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
8102,752,Carex sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots of many species used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
9706,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fibrous bulb covers tied in bundles to make brushes.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
11028,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,50,Costanoan,16,b84,252,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
11262,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basket rims.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
13298,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
13350,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
13870,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,253,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves woven into skirts and aprons.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 253"
18382,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18383,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stems and leaves used as raw textile material.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18384,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems and leaves used as cordage.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18385,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems and leaves used as stuffing.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
21270,2275,Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley,50,Costanoan,16,b84,250,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Foliage used for house thatching.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250"
31447,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
35789,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
35934,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
36147,3551,Salix sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood made into poles used as basic element of house construction.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
36148,3551,Salix sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark braided into rope.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
37536,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37537,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems used as thatch.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37538,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Stems bundled and made into rafts.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37729,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sprouts from burls used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
39124,3851,Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus (Fern.) Blake,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Brushy stems used in brooms.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
40440,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,50,Costanoan,16,b84,251,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251"
3303,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,177,Omaha,17,g19,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Grass used on poles to support earth coverings of lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
3305,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,205,Ponca,17,g19,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Grass used on poles to support earth coverings of lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
5126,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5157,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5167,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Plant tops bound into bundles and made into brooms used for sweeping the lodge floor. The plant was used for this purpose because of its agreeable, wholesome odor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5168,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5171,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5205,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5264,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5288,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5290,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5292,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5308,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5436,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5447,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5471,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5472,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5503,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
12029,1226,Dalea purpurea var. purpurea,190,Pawnee,17,g19,94,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic stems made into brooms and used to sweep the lodge.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94"
13486,1428,Equisetum sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Plant used like sandpaper for polishing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
13488,1428,Equisetum sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Plant used like sandpaper for polishing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
13489,1428,Equisetum sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Plant used like sandpaper for polishing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
15296,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15304,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
16975,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,177,Omaha,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
16977,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,190,Pawnee,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
16979,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,205,Ponca,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
27502,2956,Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.,61,Dakota,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Tree used for tipi poles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
29414,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
30245,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,61,Dakota,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30281,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30288,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Bound bundles of tough, elastic twigs used a brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30292,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30297,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
31368,3206,Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.,61,Dakota,17,g19,93,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant tops used to make garlands worn on the head as protection from the sun on very hot days.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93"
35913,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,177,Omaha,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled stems used in basketry.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36168,3551,Salix sp.,61,Dakota,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36278,3551,Salix sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36336,3551,Salix sp.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
37486,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,61,Dakota,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37505,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,177,Omaha,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37506,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37507,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,205,Ponca,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
38604,3769,Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link,177,Omaha,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to support earth coverings of lodges in permanent villages.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
38605,3769,Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link,205,Ponca,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used as thatching to support the earth coverings of lodges in permanent villages.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
40377,3959,Tilia americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cordage and rope.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
40379,3959,Tilia americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark fiber used for spinning cordage and weaving matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
40380,3959,Tilia americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cordage and rope.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
41432,4051,Ulmus americana L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41464,4051,Ulmus americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41470,4051,Ulmus americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41478,4051,Ulmus americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41508,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,61,Dakota,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41509,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,61,Dakota,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fibers used to make ropes and cords.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41553,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41554,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41568,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41569,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make ropes and cords.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41576,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41577,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41590,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41591,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41598,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,61,Dakota,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41603,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41607,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41765,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,61,Dakota,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41766,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,61,Dakota,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41799,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,177,Omaha,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage. The fiber was separated from the nettle by either crumpling the dried stalks in the hands or gently pounding it with stones.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41800,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,177,Omaha,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41815,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41816,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41822,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,205,Ponca,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41823,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,205,Ponca,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41862,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41863,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
44086,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,61,Dakota,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44087,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,61,Dakota,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp points of leaves used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44153,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44154,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp leaf points used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44165,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44166,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp leaf points used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44168,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44169,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp leaf points used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
4864,371,Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,15,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems used to make hair brushes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
4865,371,Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,15,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems used to make hair brushes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
5680,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,48,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leafy stems tied together with wire and used for brooms.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
6271,445,Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Spun seed hair made into string used in prayer sticks.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39"
13616,1450,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,49,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used to carpet the sweathouse floor.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
14752,1613,Festuca idahoensis Elmer,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Bunch about a foot long, tied with string or yucca fiber, used as a brush for cleaning metates.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
18701,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used as lining in sweat houses.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
18702,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used for the sides and roofs of shade houses or special hogans for the Enemyway ceremonial.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
18703,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts and hogan poles.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
18704,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used in the winter as a lining for moccasins to absorb moisture.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
18705,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Sticks used as frame for baby cradles.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
19310,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Bunch about a foot long, tied with string or yucca fiber, used as a brush for cleaning metates.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
23512,2535,Muhlenbergia andina (Nutt.) A.S. Hitchc.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems used to make hair brushes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
23516,2539,Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems used to make hair brushes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
25527,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used as material for small baskets.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"
26429,2879,Phleum pratense L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems used to make hair brushes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
27653,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Resin used in pottery and basketry making.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27654,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to cover a sweathouse.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27655,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Rot and wood-eating beetle resistant logs used as the chief building material for hogans.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27656,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts and corral construction.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27657,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make summer shade houses.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27988,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,13,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches often used to cover a sweathouse.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"
27989,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,13,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for hogans, fence posts and corral construction.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"
27990,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,13,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Wood used to make boards and cradle bow of the two board type of baby cradle. A young tree, in an area where few people go and therefore not likely to be cut down, is selected, corn pollen is sprinkled on it from the bottom upward, and a solid piece is taken from the east side.  As the cradle is made, prayers are said but no songs sung.  If the first baby is a boy, the top tips of the boards are truncated, if it is a girl, they are pointed; thereafter either kind can be used for either sex and the cradle is saved for later children unless the baby dies.  The cradle is rubbed with red ochre and tallow to protect if from evil spirits who never use red paint.  Formerly, a buckskin covering was used over the top but now a blanket is considered better.  The footboard is moved down as the baby grows and the cradle is discarded when the baby begins to walk.  Small branches of a tree from which squirrels have gnawed the bark are tied together in a row about five inches long and tied to the cradle to keep the baby from hurting himself (until he is three years old).  Dirt from a spot where a squirrel has landed on the ground is placed in a buckskin bag and attached to the sticks as an additional precaution (effective even when the baby is grown).","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"
27991,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,13,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood slabs tied together with yucca fiber used as snowshoes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"
29685,3090,Populus ?acuminata Rydb. (pro sp.) [angustifolia ? deltoides],159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for hogan construction.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
31664,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Shredded bark used for bedding or diaper for cradleboard.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
31665,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,30,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Shredded bark used for bedding or stuffed into a sack for pillows.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
31689,3231,Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Shredded bark used as bedding for cradleboard.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31"
32088,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Whole trees used for shade house construction.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
32089,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make frames for baby cradles.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
33217,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Split stems used to make baskets, water bottles and basket sacks.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
33218,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,35,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Small stems used to make sun shades or hats.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
35972,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,22,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for hogan construction.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"
38789,3806,Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,17,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Bunch about a foot long, tied with string or yucca fiber, used as a brush for cleaning metates.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
41278,4049,Typha latifolia L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves used to make storage baskets, medicine baskets and water jugs.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14"
41279,4049,Typha latifolia L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,14,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make bed mats.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14"
43895,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make ceremonial and utilitarian baskets.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43896,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaf slivers made into paint brushes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43897,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaves made into brushes used for cleaning baskets.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43898,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaf fiber made into string or rope and used for temporary or emergency purposes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43899,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Fiber used to tie snowshoes to the feet.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43900,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Leaves made into a ball thrown into the air for archery target practice.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43901,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,"Roots made into ball for shinny game, played at night.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
44148,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fiber made into string to tie hoops, prayer sticks, chant arrows and other ceremonial equipment.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
103,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Resin boiled twice and added to suet or fat to make a canoe pitch.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
3675,284,Anthoxanthum odoratum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used to make baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
3763,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Outer rind used for fine sewing. In the fall, when mature, this plant makes one of the strongest native fibers, stronger even than the cultivated hemp to which it is related.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
7232,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark stripped and used to make emergency trays or buckets in the woods.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7233,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for buckets and baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
7234,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Baskets made for gathering and storing berries, maple sugar, dried fish, meat or any food.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7235,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for wigwam coverings.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
7237,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Sheets of bark sewn together, made into rolls and used as waterproof roofing for wigwams.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7238,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used for canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
7240,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,414,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Heavy pieces of bark used to make very durable canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414"
7325,584,Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs of this dwarf birch used for the ribs of baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
10790,1088,Cornus alternifolia L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Twigs used for thatching and various other purposes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
11223,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Finer twigs used as ribs in making woven baskets for collecting/storing acorns or hard fruits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
11224,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Finer twigs bound into a bundle, with the tips sheared, to serve as a broom or brush.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
13381,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Handful of stems used to scour the kettles and pans.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
15261,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basketry splints.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15290,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,All ash wood quite valuable and used for basketry splints.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15291,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,All ash wood quite valuable and used for cradle boards.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15292,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,All ash wood quite valuable and used for snowshoe frames and sleds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
18349,2041,Juncus dudleyi Wieg.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Tiny rush used in the finest mat work and for small pieces.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
19469,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Rind of this nettle used by the old people as a sewing fiber.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
19524,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fibers used to make durable bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
19526,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used to sew canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
19527,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used as a sewing material.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
27122,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used to sew canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
27123,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Boiled resin and tallow used to make pitch for caulking canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
27378,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used as fine sewing material for canoes and other coarse and durable sewing.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28098,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Resin boiled twice, added to tallow and used for mending roof rolls of birch bark.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28099,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,"Resin boiled twice, added to tallow and used for caulking canoes.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28254,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch from boiled cones and resin used for caulking and waterproofing.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
31915,3253,Quercus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used in making wigwams and for several other things.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37504,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Rushes used for the best mats. The bleached rushes were immersed in water for a few days and then cleansed.  They selected long rushes, with small diameters, so that the pith content was small.  When the mat was in service, such fibers were not readily crushed.  The rush, when gathered, is an intense green, white only at the base where it stands in water.  All rushes were first bleached pure white, and afterwards colored as desired.  They were pulled, rather than cut, in order to obtain the maximum length.  When thoroughly bleached and dried, they dyed them with white men's dyes.  Formerly they used native dyes, which they really preferred.  The bleached rushes predominated in any rug, and were ivory-white in color.  The finished rug or mat was three feet wide and from four to eight feet long, and sold for from $8 to $30 in 1923.  The edge was bound securely with nettle fiber cord.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37512,3610,Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Small rushes formerly used for woven storage bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37513,3610,Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Small rushes used for a certain kind of mat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
38688,3782,Sphagnum dusenii C. Jens.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Moss gathered and dried to make mattresses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
39912,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, stringy bark used in making fiber bags.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
39913,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Light, strong, straight-grained wood used for canoe frames and ribs.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
40374,3959,Tilia americana L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Tough, fibrous bark of young trees furnished ready cordage and string. The women stripped the bark and peeled the outer edge from the inner fiber with their teeth.  The rolls were then kept in coils or were boiled and kept as coils until needed, being soaked again when used, to make them pliable.  While there were countless uses for this cordage, perhaps the most important was in tying the poles together for the framework of the wigwam or medicine lodge.  When these crossings of poles were lashed together with wet bark fiber, it was easy to get a tight knot which shrank when dry and made an even tighter joint.  The bark of an elm or a balsam, cut into broad strips was then sewed into place on the framework with basswood string.  An oak wood awl was used to punch holes in the bark, but Smith notes that, when they made his wigwam, they used an old file end for an awl.  He reports that he lived in this new wigwam all the time he was among the Pillager Ojibwe and scarcely a night passed without a group of them visiting him and sitting around the campfire, telling old time stories.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
41292,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fuzz or seed used to make a quilt and the quilt used to make a sleeping bag.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41293,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fuzz or seed used to make mattresses and sleeping bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41294,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make wind and rain-proof mats placed on the sides of the medicine lodge.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41550,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Stripped bark used as a wigwam cover, for the sides of the wigwam.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41798,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Bark or rind used as a fine, stout sewing fiber.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
3750,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,267,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Outer rind or bark used for thread.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"
3830,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,267,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Outer bast fiber plaited into heavy cord and two-ply cord.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"
3831,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,267,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Outer bast fiber used as thread.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"
6305,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,267,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Outer rind or bark used for thread.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"
7218,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,267,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bark strips used as the waterproof, top coverings of wigwams.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"
7219,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,267,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Paper birch used to make canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"
11217,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,267,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used in making twig baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"
11218,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,267,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Twigs made into brushes for cleaning the earthen floors of the wigwams.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"
13376,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,268,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to scour pots and pans.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268"
15209,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,268,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood splints used for weaving baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268"
15258,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark and wood used to make baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
19466,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,270,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark braided to make cords.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 270"
37503,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,268,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Long, bleached and dyed rushes used to make mats.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268"
40366,3959,Tilia americana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark two-ply cord used to make baskets and fish nets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
40367,3959,Tilia americana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark two-ply cord used to make shoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
40368,3959,Tilia americana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Inner bark boiled in lye water, dried, seasoned and twisted into two-ply cord.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
40369,3959,Tilia americana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark two-ply cord used to make mats.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
41265,4049,Typha latifolia L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves used to make rainproof and windproof mats for the side walls of the wigwam.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
41266,4049,Typha latifolia L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Root used as a natural oakum to caulk canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
41267,4049,Typha latifolia L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,269,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fuzz of the fruit used for pillows and comfort material.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269"
41539,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,270,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark strips used to make sides of the winter wigwam and rainproof roof.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 270"
8121,752,Carex sp.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,73,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibrous leaves used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 73"
8122,752,Carex sp.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,73,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibrous leaves used to make twine.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 73"
13524,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,68,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for black imbrication in basketmaking.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 68"
29146,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Large, fleshy leaves used to cover floors.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
29330,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,89,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89"
30399,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,87,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for imbrication in cedar bark baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87"
31194,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used to patch canoes or water vessels.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
33472,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,84,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Roots boiled with cedar and wild rose roots, pounded and woven into rope.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33491,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,84,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Roots boiled with cedar and wild rose roots, pounded and woven into rope.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33552,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,84,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Roots boiled with cedar and wild rose roots, pounded and woven into rope.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33566,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,84,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Roots boiled with cedar and wild rose roots, pounded and woven into rope.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33612,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,84,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Roots boiled with cedar and wild rose roots, pounded and woven into rope.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
33622,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,215,Saanich,23,tb71,84,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Roots boiled with cedar and wild rose roots, pounded and woven into rope.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84"
37443,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,73,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Flat, fibrous leaves sun dried and used to make baskets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 73"
37444,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,73,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Flat, fibrous leaves dried and used to make mats.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 73"
39545,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,72,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 72"
39546,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,72,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make paddles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 72"
40218,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark beaten to separate the fibers and used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40219,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40220,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make houses.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40221,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood used to make canoes, paddles and canoe bailers.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40222,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark beaten to separate the fibers and used for covering drummers' hands in winter dances.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40223,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Inner bark beaten to separate the fibers and used to make hats, diapers, work aprons and clothing.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40224,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Young, slender branches used to make ropes.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40225,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
40226,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,71,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Inner bark soaked, beaten to separate the fibers and used to make mats and bedding.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"
41370,4049,Typha latifolia L.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,77,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Flat leaves sun dried, split and spun to make baskets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
41371,4049,Typha latifolia L.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,77,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Flat leaves sun dried and woven into mats for insulating winter house walls and kneeling in canoes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
3811,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,202,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark fiber made into twine and used to make front aprons worn by women.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202"
3812,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,201,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant used to make aprons.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 201"
3813,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,202,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber soaked in boiling water and used to make twine.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202"
6096,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,201,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant used to make aprons.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 201"
6097,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,202,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stem fiber made into twine and used to make front aprons worn by women.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202"
6098,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,202,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fiber or decayed stem fiber used to make twine. The stems were soaked in boiling water or the decayed stems were basted with boiling water to separate the fiber.  The fiber was then formed into a ball and made into twine.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202"
9715,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,128,Luiseno,24,s08,203,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Bulb fiber made into small brushes used for sweeping up scattered meal after pounding acorns.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 203"
9716,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,128,Luiseno,24,s08,233,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Bulb fibers used to make a brush.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 233"
18377,2046,Juncus mertensianus Bong.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,204,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rushes used to make woven and twined baskets.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"
23537,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,204,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Long grass used to make coiled baskets.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"
23538,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,204,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Long grass made into coiled, conical baskets and used as hats.","Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"
28642,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,128,Luiseno,24,s08,228,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant formerly used to roof houses.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 228"
33168,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,204,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used as splints for wrapping the basket coils.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"
33169,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,204,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes used as splints for wrapping the basket coils, to give a brown color.","Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"
41891,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,128,Luiseno,24,s08,202,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant fiber made into twine and used to make front aprons worn by women.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202"
41892,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,128,Luiseno,24,s08,202,4,Fiber,,,Plant sometimes used for fiber.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202"
424,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,210,Quinault,25,g73,40,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Straight shoots used to make openwork baskets for general household utilities.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
425,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,210,Quinault,25,g73,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to hold down roof planks on houses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
428,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,241,Skagit,25,g73,40,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Saplings used as swings for baby cradles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
486,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make rope and tumplines.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
494,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,114,Klallam,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
499,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,129,Lummi,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
505,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,165,Nisqually,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to cover temporary housing.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
515,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,241,Skagit,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
518,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,245,Snohomish,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
521,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
1533,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,133,Makah,25,g73,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Midribs used for the designs in basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
1535,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,210,Quinault,25,g73,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Midribs used for the designs in basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
2536,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,133,Makah,25,g73,27,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make baby cradles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2568,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,209,Quileute,25,g73,27,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Green wood seasoned and used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
8055,734,Carex aquatilis var. dives (Holm) Kkenth.,133,Makah,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for the bottoms of trinket baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
9305,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,210,Quinault,25,g73,41,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton combined with duck feathers and used as blankets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
9309,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,243,Skokomish,25,g73,41,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton combined with duck feathers and used as blankets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
11259,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,31,Chehalis,25,g73,27,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Long twigs twisted and used to tie things.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
11289,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,243,Skokomish,25,g73,27,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Long twigs twisted and used as rope.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
13351,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to polish arrow shafts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13403,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to polish arrow shafts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13507,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13516,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,209,Quileute,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13525,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,243,Skokomish,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used with dogfish as sandpaper.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13526,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13527,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to polish arrow shafts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
14783,1621,Fomes sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,50,4,Fiber,,,Used to draw pictures on.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
15226,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,45,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
16853,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,25,g73,42,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Large blossom stems twined with sea weed, made into baskets and used by girls for playing.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"
16909,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,209,Quileute,25,g73,42,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Large blossom stems twined with sea weed, made into baskets and used by girls for playing.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"
17367,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,33,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33"
18366,2042,Juncus effusus L.,246,Snuqualmie,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stalks used for tying things.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
22964,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,209,Quileute,25,g73,43,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Twigs woven together with cedar bark and used for grills on the bottom of canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43"
26375,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,31,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31"
26380,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,129,Lummi,25,g73,31,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31"
27252,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,209,Quileute,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27254,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,209,Quileute,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used for caulking canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27255,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,209,Quileute,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Roots used for rain hats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27262,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,210,Quinault,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used for caulking canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27920,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,241,Skagit,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used rarely to make light dugouts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
29100,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves tied with maple bark and used for mattresses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29138,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,209,Quileute,25,g73,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for mattresses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29329,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,210,Quinault,25,g73,26,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for house coverings.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
29337,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,251,Squaxin,25,g73,26,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Young shoots used to make sweat lodges.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
29338,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,251,Squaxin,25,g73,26,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Young shoots used as lashings or tying thongs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
30410,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,37,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used in the imbricated designs of baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
31541,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,251,Squaxin,25,g73,14,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for camp bedding.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
32124,3265,Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
35868,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,209,Quileute,25,g73,26,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used extensively for basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
35961,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,26,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark twisted and made into two-ply strings.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
36100,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,114,Klallam,25,g73,26,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Bark peeled, twisted and used to make string.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
36104,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,210,Quinault,25,g73,26,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make lines for tumplines and slings.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
36107,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,26,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make a two-ply string.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
37376,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,114,Klallam,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
37383,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,133,Makah,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
37421,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,245,Snohomish,25,g73,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
38694,3783,Sphagnum sp.,36,Chinook,25,g73,50,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used by women for sanitary napkins.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
38695,3783,Sphagnum sp.,36,Chinook,25,g73,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding in camp.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
39457,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39540,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39541,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used to make canoe bailers.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39945,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,31,Chehalis,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark coarsely shredded and plaited into skirts, capes and dresses for women.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
39946,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,31,Chehalis,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark finely shredded and used as padding for infants' cradles, sanitary pads and towels.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40084,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make the lining and head bands of rain hats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40085,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark cut into narrow strips and woven into mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40197,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,209,Quileute,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make the lining and head bands of rain hats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40211,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,210,Quinault,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs used for openwork baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40212,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,210,Quinault,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make the lining and head bands of rain hats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40213,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,210,Quinault,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used to sew the corners of wooden boxes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40248,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,246,Snuqualmie,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs used to tie the poles of summer houses together.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40249,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,251,Squaxin,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs used for openwork baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40250,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,251,Squaxin,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make coiled and imbricated basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
41068,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,210,Quinault,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used as shelters for hunters.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41069,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,210,Quinault,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Young trees used for poling canoes upstream.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41079,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,241,Skagit,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Young trees used for poling canoes upstream.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41081,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used as a dye for baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41082,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Young trees used for poling canoes upstream.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41191,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41192,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41193,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41194,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41209,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41210,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41211,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41212,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41240,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41241,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41242,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41243,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41255,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41256,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41257,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41258,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens and mattresses.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41365,4049,Typha latifolia L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41366,4049,Typha latifolia L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41367,4049,Typha latifolia L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41368,4049,Typha latifolia L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41380,4049,Typha latifolia L.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41381,4049,Typha latifolia L.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41382,4049,Typha latifolia L.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41383,4049,Typha latifolia L.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41384,4049,Typha latifolia L.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Leaves peeled and made into two-ply strings for sewing mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41385,4049,Typha latifolia L.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41386,4049,Typha latifolia L.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41387,4049,Typha latifolia L.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41388,4049,Typha latifolia L.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
43711,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
43712,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
43721,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,114,Klallam,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
43731,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
4762,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Runners used by girls to tie blankets.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
4763,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Runners used to fix leggings in place. The leggings were tied above the knee and then folded over to the ankle, like a boot.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
5336,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to cover the floor of the sweat lodge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
7131,579,Betula occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wands, sharpened at both ends, used to construct the dome shape of the sweat lodge.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
12045,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to fill pillows.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
18585,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used to form a carpet for the Holy Lodge dancer of the Sun Dance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
27390,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make travois and tipi poles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27391,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make back rest poles and bed supports. The back rest poles were cut about five forearms in length and dried over a fire of rotten logs.  One end of the pole was perforated and the other end sharpened.  Then a stick was inserted through the hole and the pole etched.  Later it was painted red and blue with buffalo shoulder blade applicators.  Back rest poles were often notched to record the number of camp moves.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
29510,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to complete the building of the lodge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
29511,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make the centerpoles of the ceremonial lodges.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
30714,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Straight branches used to make back rests.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
36124,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to make sweatlodge frames.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
36125,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Branches used to construct the many different sweat lodges. The Horn Society sweat lodge was constructed of fourteen willows.  The Holy Woman's sweat lodge in the Sun Dance was made of one hundred willows, which had been gathered by members of the Pigeon Society.  The Motokiks Society (a woman's society) constructed its lodge with twelve willows.  Medicine Pipes had fourteen.  The used frame of a sweat lodge was left on the prairie.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
36127,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wands, sharpened at both ends, used to construct the dome shape of the sweat lodge.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
36129,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Boughs used to make back rest slats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
38751,3796,Spiraea splendens var. splendens,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Flowering stems used as paint brushes, especially on the large spaces of tipis.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
381,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thorns removed, twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
382,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,319,Other,Twigs used for curved structures in wrapped weaving.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
1734,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Bundles of fibers used as combination brushes and combs for hair.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
1735,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves split and used for the weft of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
1782,92,Agave lechuguilla Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make rough cordage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
8153,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Ribs used as one of the chief warp materials.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8154,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Ribs used for roofing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8155,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Slats joined with one or two rows of deer hide thong and used to make screen doors.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8156,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for the roofing of houses.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
8789,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,188,Papago,27,cu35,49,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make sandals.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 49"
12071,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
12072,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as a source of basketry material.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
12073,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make two kinds of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
12074,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make headbands and headrings.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
12076,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Used to make large, tough sleeping mats, cradle mats and back mats for the carrying frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
14822,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for the warp of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
14823,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Withes used to bind together the house dome ribs.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
18159,2027,Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Muell.-Arg.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thick, rubbery stems used to make bulky baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
19675,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used to brush off the spines of prickly pears.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
19676,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,67,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Piled on top of saguaro ribs to strengthen house roofs.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 67"
19677,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,67,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Tops tied together and used to thatch menstruation huts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 67"
23474,2530,Morus microphylla Buckl.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
23999,2589,Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves sun dried, split into strands and used as foundation in coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
24000,2589,Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the warp element of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
24355,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Posts of wood, forked at the top, used for the core of the house frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
29897,3144,Proboscidea louisianica ssp. fragrans (Lindl.) Bretting,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Pods softened with lye and water, split, bent and used as sewing withes in coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
30103,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the warp element of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
30104,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Posts of wood, forked at the top, used for the core of the house frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
30105,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,271,Other,Roots used for curved structures in wrapped weaving.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
36015,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,56,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Twigs split in half lengthwise, sun dried and used as the foundation of coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 56"
36016,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for sewing coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 58"
36017,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,310,Other,Twigs used for curved structures in wrapped weaving.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
41227,4049,Typha latifolia L.,95,Hopi,27,cu35,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make sleeping mats.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 56"
43908,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
43910,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves split and used for the weft of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
44041,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,54,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for the weft of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 54"
44156,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner leaves dried, split and used for sewing non-water-tight trade baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 58"
44157,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
44158,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Leaves split into strands, made into cords and used for lashing house frames together and thatching.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
44159,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Strips of fiber used to tie mesquite pole tips to other poles in forming house skeletons.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
44160,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves split into strands, made into cords and used for tying up bundles of material.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
6828,541,Baileya multiradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray,102,Jemez,28,c30,20,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Plant mixed with clay, used in making adobes and plant used in plaster.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
14701,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,102,Jemez,28,c30,22,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches bound together & used as a broom for outdoor sweeping & to separate chaff from the wheat.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
15797,1722,Geranium atropurpureum Heller,102,Jemez,28,c30,22,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split epidermis used to sew moccasins.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
16579,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,102,Jemez,28,c30,23,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Sunflower mixed with clay, to hold the particles together, and used for plaster.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
18643,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,102,Jemez,28,c30,24,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs and boughs placed across corrals or enclosures as shelters for livestock.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
18644,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,102,Jemez,28,c30,24,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Trunks used as uprights, beams and fence posts.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
19309,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,102,Jemez,28,c30,25,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Blades tied together and used as a broom.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
24027,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,102,Jemez,28,c30,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves woven together into baskets.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
28076,2970,Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.,102,Jemez,28,c30,26,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as timbers for roofs.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
33143,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs and small branches used to make baskets.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
35794,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Straight branches used for the inside roofs.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
404,18,Acacia willardiana,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Splints used to make the woof for basketry.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
7613,649,Bursera laxiflora,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
7617,650,Bursera microphylla Gray,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
7624,654,Caesalpinia gracilis,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Splints used to make the woof for basketry.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
8221,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Dried plant skeletons and sea lion oil used as a caulking compound.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
14829,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to make sun and wind shelters.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
18160,2027,Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Muell.-Arg.,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
18161,2028,Jatropha spatulata,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
25275,2724,Pachycereus pringlei (S. Wats.) Britt. & Rose,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Dried plant skeletons and sea lion oil used as a caulking compound.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
26621,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,229,Seri,29,d44,134,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Canes used to make rafts.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"
29996,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,229,Seri,29,d44,134,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Outer root tissues pounded, split, worked between the hand and the mouth and twisted into cords.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"
29997,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,229,Seri,29,d44,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Root strips made into doughnut shaped head pads used to balance earthen water jars on the heads.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"
29998,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,229,Seri,29,d44,134,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Outer root tissues woven into rough fabric.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"
38887,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Dried plant skeletons and sea lion oil used as a caulking compound.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
3809,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,12,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make twine and rope.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 12"
3810,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,12,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Stalks split, dried and used as thread for sewing tipi covers.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 12"
3841,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,12,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stalks dried, split into fibers and used to make rope.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 12"
13378,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,143,Missouri River Indian,30,h92,58,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 58"
13379,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,58,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Abrasive stems used to polish pipes, bows and arrows and formerly used to scrub tins and floors.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 58"
15271,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,20,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 20"
22489,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,60,Crow,30,h92,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Plants dried, crushed and used to line baby cradles.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23"
27433,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,52,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to make the foundations for tipis.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52"
29274,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used as framework for Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29361,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used as framework for Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29584,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,37,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used to make Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37"
29602,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,60,Crow,30,h92,37,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used to make Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37"
36213,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36214,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Wood used to make ropes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36215,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make backrests for tipis and cradleboards.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36216,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used to make mattresses for tipis.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36217,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
39958,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,76,Flathead,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark strips used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
40037,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,120,Kutenai,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots split, peeled and used to make water tight baskets.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
40038,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,120,Kutenai,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe frames.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
40107,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
40108,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark formerly used to make lean-to shelters while camping.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
40109,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to cover the roofs of semi-subterranean houses.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
40110,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood hollowed out with fire, smoothed, trimmed and used to make canoes.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
40111,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,54,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
41272,4049,Typha latifolia L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Leaves used to make mats for tipis, sweatbaths and Sundance lodges.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 60"
373,15,Acacia greggii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
475,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs used for house construction and considered good firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1491,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to build ramadas and fences.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1511,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,30,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for building material and fenceposts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"
1512,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,30,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stripped bark used as a fibrous material for women's skirts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"
1755,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Pounded leaves dried and made into cactus bags.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1756,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Pounded leaves dried and made into shoes, sandals and women's skirts.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1757,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Pounded leaves dried and made into nets used for baby cradles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1758,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Pounded leaves dried and made into nets, slings and cordage.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1759,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Pounded leaves dried and made into cleaning brushes for cooking water.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
3779,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,39,4,Fiber,,,Used for the medicinal properties and as a fibrous material.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 39"
4351,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4370,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4459,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
5608,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Shoots laid across the rafters for roofing material or used in the construction of the walls.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
6172,441,Asclepias sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,43,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stem cordage used to make nets, slings and snares to capture small game. The stem was pounded to loosen the fiber, which then was extracted by rubbing the stem between the palms of the hands.  The fiber was rolled on the thigh to produce cordage; its many uses testified to its natural strength and durability.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
6792,535,Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav¢n) Pers.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs and branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 46"
7683,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,85,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to make conical shaped houses for temporary use while camped to gather and process acorns.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 85"
7684,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,85,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for permanent construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 85"
9568,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make house frames and granaries.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9569,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make shirts and breechclouts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9570,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make nets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9699,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,54,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Coarse husk fibers from the bulb tied together and used as a cleaning brush.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 54"
9700,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,54,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Coarse husk fibers from the bulb tied together and used as a hair brush.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 54"
11787,1173,Cuscuta californica Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,59,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Handfuls of plant used as scouring pads for cleaning.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 59"
12627,1319,Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,66,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Leaves used as a brushing material for cleaning implements or removing cactus thorns from objects.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 66"
13476,1428,Equisetum sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,70,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used for a cleaning pad as a cleansing agent.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 70"
13692,1457,Ericameria palmeri var. palmeri,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to build fences as a protection from cold winds.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 75"
14815,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,74,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fences to prevent rodents from attacking cultivated crops.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74"
18125,2019,Isocoma acradenia var. acradenia,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to build fences as a protection from cold winds.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 75"
18325,2037,Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii (Parl.) Snog.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18370,2043,Juncus effusus var. pacificus Fern. & Wieg.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18376,2045,Juncus lesueurii Boland.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18398,2051,Juncus textilis Buch.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
20085,2161,Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,69,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stalks used for roof thatching.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69"
21268,2275,Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,87,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used as a material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87"
23531,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,89,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stalks used as the horizontal or foundation around which the coils were wrapped in basketmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 89"
27792,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles and roots used to make baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27793,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used as roofing material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28082,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles and roots used to make baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28083,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used as roofing material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28597,3018,Platanus racemosa Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs and branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
28629,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Long, slender, pliable stems with leaves interwoven with stronger materials into walls of houses.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
28630,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Long, slender, pliable stems with leaves used as a roofing material.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
28631,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Used in the construction of ramadas, windbreaks, fences and granaries.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
30009,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Large limbs used as corner posts for houses, as rafters and granary posts.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30010,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves used for roofing houses.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30011,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Pounded, rubbed & pulled bark used as a soft fiber for weaving skirts and making diapers for babies.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30012,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Pounded, rubbed and pulled bark used as a soft fiber to make a carrying net for pottery.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30057,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Large limbs used in construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
33091,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,131,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thin, pliable stems used for the woof in baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131"
35849,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,135,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 135"
37529,3614,Scirpus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stalks used for roofing.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
37530,3614,Scirpus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stalks used for bedding, mats and weaving materials.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
41186,4049,Typha latifolia L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,142,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stalks used as matting materials and bedding.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142"
41869,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,143,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used in basketmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"
41870,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,143,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make bowstrings and cordage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"
43546,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Long fronds used to make ramadas.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
43547,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Long fronds used to make the sides and roofs of waterproof and windproof houses.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
44004,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibers used to make sandals.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"