id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
14192,1537,Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Dried leaves and stems woven into soft mats or covers for coarse grass mattresses.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
20101,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dried, brown leaves woven into mats, baskets and tote sacks.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
20102,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Dried, brown leaves woven into ropes for hanging herring and other fish.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
20103,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried, brown leaves woven into mats, baskets and tote sacks.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
27283,2939,Picea sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to support buildings and to build the framework for sod-covered buildings.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
27284,2939,Picea sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Logs and poles used for making kayak parts, weapon and tool handles and other utilitarian objects.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
28669,3032,Poa sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fine leaves and stems used in the past to line skin boots.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
26172,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton like seed heads formerly used for mattress stuffing with duck and goose feathers.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26183,2841,Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton like seed heads formerly used for mattress stuffing with duck and goose feathers.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
25447,2736,Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Zucc.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,41,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves used to make hats.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 41"
25448,2736,Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Zucc.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,41,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mats.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 41"
9827,938,Cibotium chamissoi Kaulfuss,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,43,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Down used for pillows.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 43"
399,16,Acacia koa Gray,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,46,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46"
7392,597,Bobea sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,5,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes or canoe parts.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 5"
40420,3967,Touchardia latifolia Gaud.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Plant fiber used to make fishing lines or ropes.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 71"
11886,1199,Cyperus laevigatus L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,9,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers woven into strings and ropes.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 9"
8404,772,Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Plant, mosses and lichens gathered for insulating houses against cold.","Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
536,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark fibers used to make women's skirts.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1528,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,105,Karok,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the designs in baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1537,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,266,Tolowa,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dried, stored stems soaked in water and used for the designs in baskets.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1538,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,289,Yurok,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the designs in baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
2514,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,105,Karok,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2593,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2596,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,289,Yurok,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
4191,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4192,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,,,"Wood used for carving, will not split when dry.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4232,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark sewn together to make an 'every day dress.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4233,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4241,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
7382,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for bedding.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
8656,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,105,Karok,70,b81,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,New shoots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
11266,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,105,Karok,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11296,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,266,Tolowa,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Dried shoots soaked in water and used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11300,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
13434,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,105,Karok,70,b81,29,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Stems used to sandpaper madrone spoons.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
18019,2009,Iris innominata Henderson,266,Tolowa,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Roots and leaves used to make cordage.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18060,2014,Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis Lenz,266,Tolowa,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make cordage.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18360,2042,Juncus effusus L.,105,Karok,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18368,2042,Juncus effusus L.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18369,2042,Juncus effusus L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
27277,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,43,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make the horizontal weave in coarse baskets used for drying foods in the smoke house.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
27959,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,105,Karok,70,b81,45,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bigger roots used for basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
29153,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,289,Yurok,70,b81,46,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for bedding.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
35796,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the main ribs in baskets as an alternate for Corylus stems.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
35837,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36075,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36079,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36108,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36109,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
37742,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,55,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for building materials.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
37743,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,55,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
37744,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,55,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for building materials.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
37745,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,55,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
39482,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Leaves used to sew sacks.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
41403,4049,Typha latifolia L.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,59,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves woven together to make raincoats.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41418,4049,Typha latifolia L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves woven together to make raincoats.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41419,4049,Typha latifolia L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven together to make a mat.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
42358,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,61,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used as a broom.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42361,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used as brooms.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42374,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used as brooms.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
43376,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,105,Karok,70,b81,62,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as basketry material for the basket bottoms.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
43569,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,105,Karok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf fiber used to make baskets. Fibers were pounded from the rachis and dyed with Alnus bark for use in basketry.  The fibers were then dried and coiled for storage.  They were soaked to unroll and used.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43571,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,,,"Leaves used to obtain fiber. The two fibers of each leaf were collected at the end of June or the first part of July.  The rachis was pounded and fibers fell out.  For designs, the fibers were dyed with Alnus bark.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43572,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,,,Leaves used to obtain fiber. Fibers were harvested when leaves were fully grown and then dyed with alder bark.  The strands could be dyed by chewing in Alnus bark and running the fibers through the mouth or by pounding the bark in a mortar and pestle.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43719,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"New sprouts used to make baskets, especially for designs.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43733,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Small leaves used to make dresses. Plants were burned every year.  Leaves were harvested in the spring when they first began to grow out from their charred rhizome.  Prior to use, the leaves were soaked in water to make them pliable, but if left too long they turned green.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
13055,1391,Elymus sp.,5,Aleut,194,bt51,29,4,Fiber,372,Other,Used for weaving.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29"
19727,2115,Lathyrus sp.,5,Aleut,194,bt51,29,4,Fiber,371,Other,Used for weaving.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29"
39601,3904,Taxus cuspidata Sieb. & Zucc.,5,Aleut,194,bt51,29,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Drift wood bent into ribs for boats.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29"
28132,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,149,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs and rootlets used as sewing material for coiled basket.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 149"
28133,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,149,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for house coverings.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 149"
28134,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,149,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Needles used for thatch.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 149"
28135,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,149,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used for bedding and floor covering.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 149"
14094,1520,Eriogonum nudum Dougl. ex Benth.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,161,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Twigs and leaves used as a brush to clear ground under manzanita bushes before knocking off berries.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161"
8061,737,Carex barbarae Dewey,200,Pomo,179,b08,137,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Woody root fibers used as the white background in baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 137"
37461,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,200,Pomo,179,b08,137,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root stock fibers used as design material for baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 137"
8884,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,200,Pomo,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Red bark used as design material for baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
8886,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,200,Pomo,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"White, inner bark used in basketry.","Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
8888,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,287,Yuki,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Red bark used as design material on twined basketry.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
28137,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,200,Pomo,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fiber used to make twined baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
36280,3551,Salix sp.,200,Pomo,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stem used as foundation material in basketry.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
18823,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,200,Pomo,179,b08,139,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fiber used to make twined baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 139"
31491,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,200,Pomo,179,b08,139,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fiber made into coils and used in basketry.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 139"
43384,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,200,Pomo,179,b08,139,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sap wood used as binding material in basketry.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 139"
37412,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make plain-twined baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37413,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Stems used to make boats.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37466,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant made into the heavy hoop used at the opening of the conical burden basket.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37467,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make plain-twined baskets.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37468,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems used as foundation material.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37469,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems used for thatch.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37471,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to make mats.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37472,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,179,b08,140,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Root used as a weft or sewing material.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"
37414,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,200,Pomo,96,b52,92,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Skins used as swaddling clothes or soft padding.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92"
37470,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,200,Pomo,96,b52,92,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Skins used as swaddling clothes or soft padding.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92"
41354,4049,Typha latifolia L.,200,Pomo,96,b52,92,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Skins used as swaddling clothes or soft padding.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92"
1522,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,77,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as building material.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 77"
43797,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Small roots used for basket work.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43798,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make twine or rope.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
27531,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,35,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Young trees used for the main hoop of infant cradleboards.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35"
44067,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,40,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves split and used to make baskets.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 40"
12062,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Stalks used as cross pieces for cradleboard backs.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
32414,3289,Quercus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for poles in dome shaped lodges and as tipi stakes.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
32415,3289,Quercus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used as footrests for cradleboards.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
19068,2063,Juniperus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for tipi poles.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 43"
18233,2033,Juglans major (Torr.) Heller,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trees used to construct dome shaped lodges when away from home.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46"
41176,4049,Typha latifolia L.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,46,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for lodge floor covering.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46"
24004,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,51,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass used as tipi ground covering.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 51"
27792,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles and roots used to make baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27793,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used as roofing material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28082,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Needles and roots used to make baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28083,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used as roofing material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28597,3018,Platanus racemosa Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs and branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
28629,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Long, slender, pliable stems with leaves interwoven with stronger materials into walls of houses.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
28630,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Long, slender, pliable stems with leaves used as a roofing material.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
28631,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Used in the construction of ramadas, windbreaks, fences and granaries.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
30009,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Large limbs used as corner posts for houses, as rafters and granary posts.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30010,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves used for roofing houses.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30011,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Pounded, rubbed & pulled bark used as a soft fiber for weaving skirts and making diapers for babies.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30012,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Pounded, rubbed and pulled bark used as a soft fiber to make a carrying net for pottery.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30057,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Large limbs used in construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
33091,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,131,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thin, pliable stems used for the woof in baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131"
35849,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,135,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 135"
37529,3614,Scirpus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stalks used for roofing.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
37530,3614,Scirpus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stalks used for bedding, mats and weaving materials.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
41186,4049,Typha latifolia L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,142,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stalks used as matting materials and bedding.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142"
41869,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,143,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used in basketmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"
41870,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,143,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make bowstrings and cordage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"
43546,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Long fronds used to make ramadas.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
43547,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Long fronds used to make the sides and roofs of waterproof and windproof houses.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
44004,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibers used to make sandals.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44005,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make nets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44203,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fiber used as starting material for baskets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44204,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fiber used to make brushes for body painting.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44205,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fiber used to make bowstrings, netting and strings for shell money.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
373,15,Acacia greggii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
475,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs used for house construction and considered good firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1491,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to build ramadas and fences.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1511,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,30,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for building material and fenceposts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"
1512,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,30,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stripped bark used as a fibrous material for women's skirts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"
1755,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Pounded leaves dried and made into cactus bags.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1756,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Pounded leaves dried and made into shoes, sandals and women's skirts.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1757,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Pounded leaves dried and made into nets used for baby cradles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1758,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Pounded leaves dried and made into nets, slings and cordage.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1759,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Pounded leaves dried and made into cleaning brushes for cooking water.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
3779,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,39,4,Fiber,,,Used for the medicinal properties and as a fibrous material.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 39"
4351,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4370,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4459,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
5608,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,43,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Shoots laid across the rafters for roofing material or used in the construction of the walls.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
6172,441,Asclepias sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,43,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stem cordage used to make nets, slings and snares to capture small game. The stem was pounded to loosen the fiber, which then was extracted by rubbing the stem between the palms of the hands.  The fiber was rolled on the thigh to produce cordage; its many uses testified to its natural strength and durability.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
6792,535,Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav¢n) Pers.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs and branches used in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 46"
9568,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make house frames and granaries.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9569,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make shirts and breechclouts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9570,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make nets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9699,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,54,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Coarse husk fibers from the bulb tied together and used as a cleaning brush.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 54"
9700,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,54,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Coarse husk fibers from the bulb tied together and used as a hair brush.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 54"
11787,1173,Cuscuta californica Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,59,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Handfuls of plant used as scouring pads for cleaning.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 59"
12627,1319,Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,66,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Leaves used as a brushing material for cleaning implements or removing cactus thorns from objects.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 66"
20085,2161,Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,69,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stalks used for roof thatching.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69"
13476,1428,Equisetum sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,70,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used for a cleaning pad as a cleansing agent.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 70"
14815,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,74,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fences to prevent rodents from attacking cultivated crops.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74"
13692,1457,Ericameria palmeri var. palmeri,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to build fences as a protection from cold winds.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 75"
18125,2019,Isocoma acradenia var. acradenia,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to build fences as a protection from cold winds.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 75"
18325,2037,Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii (Parl.) Snog.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18370,2043,Juncus effusus var. pacificus Fern. & Wieg.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18376,2045,Juncus lesueurii Boland.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
18398,2051,Juncus textilis Buch.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,80,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Rushes made into baskets used for collecting foods, leaching acorn meal and finely woven baskets.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 80"
7683,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,85,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to make conical shaped houses for temporary use while camped to gather and process acorns.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 85"
7684,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,85,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for permanent construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 85"
21268,2275,Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,87,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used as a material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87"
23531,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,89,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stalks used as the horizontal or foundation around which the coils were wrapped in basketmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 89"
12974,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,54,Cree,145,b41,485,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make cordage.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485"
13151,1404,Ephedra sp.,89,Havasupai,58,bc41,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Twigs used to make drying mat for pulp.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 17"
11328,1120,Cowania sp.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,30,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make coiled sandals.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 30"
43762,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,58,bc41,33,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Narrow, split leaf strips used as sewing material for coiled plaques.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 33"
24026,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,102,Jemez,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets for storage and washing of grains.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
24032,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,188,Papago,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used as the foundation in coiled basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43847,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,102,Jemez,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43909,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the foundation in coiled basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43920,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43923,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
44040,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,188,Papago,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf used as the binding element in coarse coiled ware.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
44174,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in the manufacture of baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
33246,3353,Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make the warp and weft of baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
43780,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the main portion of the baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
44265,4237,Yucca torreyi Shafer,10,Apache,58,bc41,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the main portion of the baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
43983,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,36,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves split and plaited into mats to cover various vessels.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 36"
43770,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,37,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make strings.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 37"
43924,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,37,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Split leaves used in weaving mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 37"
43940,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split leaves or fibers used as tying material.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 39"
44176,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split leaves or fibers used as tying material.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 39"
43752,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,10,Apache,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and used as string.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
43781,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and used as string.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
43911,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and used as tying material.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
43922,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaf fiber used to make cords or ropes.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
43980,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves boiled, chewed and made into a double-stranded cord.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
44014,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,43,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Made into cords and used as base for fur robe garments.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 43"
44218,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,43,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Made into cords and used as base for fur robe garments.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 43"
43978,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,45,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Leaves boiled, chewed and fiber woven into skirts and kilts.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 45"
43982,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,47,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried leaves split, plaited and made into water-carrying head pads.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 47"
44194,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,47,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried leaves split, plaited and made into water-carrying head pads.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 47"
24048,2592,Nolina sp.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,48,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass made into mats and used in cradles.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 48"
403,17,Acacia sp.,274,Walapai,58,bc41,49,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used for cradle frames.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 49"
44175,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,49,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaves used as brushes to place designs upon pottery.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 49"
1784,92,Agave lechuguilla Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,50,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fiber used to make hair brushes.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 50"
43761,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,58,bc41,50,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaf splints used as brushes to apply color to pottery.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 50"
43921,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,50,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fiber used to make hair brushes.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 50"
44095,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,95,Hopi,58,bc41,50,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaf splints used as brushes to apply color to pottery.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 50"
12075,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves twilled into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
12080,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,193,Pima,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves twilled into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
24047,2592,Nolina sp.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for making coarse forms of basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
44044,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,193,Pima,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves twilled into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
24035,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Beargrass used to make basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 61"
24036,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation element in coiled basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 61"
24037,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Made into baskets and used for storage containers.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 61"
24038,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used as tying material.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 61"
24039,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,61,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make matting to cover the dead.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 61"
24033,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,188,Papago,58,bc41,62,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves dried, split and made into baskets.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 62"
24034,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,193,Pima,58,bc41,62,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to fashion coils for storage baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 62"
24040,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,284,Yavapai,58,bc41,62,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves used to thatch dwellings.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 62"
44042,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,188,Papago,58,bc41,62,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Species used to sew coils into tight baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 62"
14650,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used for making clothing.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
14651,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for making bedding.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
18334,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for weaving light baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13"
18335,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for weaving mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13"
18987,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
20406,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark fibers used in baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
20407,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark fibers used for cordage.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
20408,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark fibers used as the warp for mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
20409,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark fibers used as the mesh for snowshoes.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
26599,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Hard, hollow culms used for pipe stems, arrow shafts and in making baskets.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17"
27507,2956,Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,18,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young bark used to make baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"
27508,2956,Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,18,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Smaller trees stripped of the bark and used for lodge poles and extensively for lumber.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"
27977,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,18,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Most important lumber tree in the state.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"
27978,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,18,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Trunks hollowed by fire to make dugouts.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"
29171,3094,Populus angustifolia James,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29214,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29384,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29629,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29630,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark sometimes employed as cordage.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
31177,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,20,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used extensively for lumber.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20"
35791,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,76,Flathead,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Willow made into baskets cemented with gum and used to cook fish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35810,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,135,Mandan,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats and used in the sweat tepees.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35815,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used extensively for cordage.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35988,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,76,Flathead,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Willow made into baskets cemented with gum and used to cook fish.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35989,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,135,Mandan,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats and used in the sweat tepees.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
35994,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,22,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used extensively for cordage.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"
36020,3544,Salix prolixa Anderss.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Younger stems used extensively for making walking sticks.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
37385,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used for making mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
39137,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,24,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Shrubs made into brooms.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 24"
40092,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make frame work of baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
40093,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make sacks.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
40094,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for making baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
40095,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for shingles, lumber, fence posts and for paving.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
40096,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make canoes.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
40097,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark woven into cloth.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
40098,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used to make cords for fishnets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
41270,4049,Typha latifolia L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruit spike 'down' used for bedding.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
41271,4049,Typha latifolia L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for matting.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
41794,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used for cordage.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
43725,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,27,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves woven into water tight baskets used for cooking.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 27"
3755,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used as a chief source for cordage.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
7226,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,8,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make canoes.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8"
8112,752,Carex sp.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,9,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9"
40046,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,8,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for building homes.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8"
40047,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,8,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used for making canoes.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8"
40048,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,8,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make clothing.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8"
40049,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,8,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make ropes.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8"
13298,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
13350,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
31447,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
11262,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basket rims.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
35934,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
37729,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sprouts from burls used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
1498,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
35789,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
36147,3551,Salix sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood made into poles used as basic element of house construction.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
36148,3551,Salix sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark braided into rope.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
21270,2275,Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley,50,Costanoan,16,b84,250,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Foliage used for house thatching.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250"
40440,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,50,Costanoan,16,b84,251,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251"
6116,432,Asclepias fascicularis Dcne.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,252,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fiber used as cordage.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
11028,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,50,Costanoan,16,b84,252,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
13870,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,253,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves woven into skirts and aprons.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 253"
39124,3851,Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus (Fern.) Blake,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Brushy stems used in brooms.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
8102,752,Carex sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots of many species used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
9706,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fibrous bulb covers tied in bundles to make brushes.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18382,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18383,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stems and leaves used as raw textile material.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18384,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems and leaves used as cordage.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
18385,2048,Juncus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems and leaves used as stuffing.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37536,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37537,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems used as thatch.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37538,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Stems bundled and made into rafts.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
1853,96,Agave sp.,157,Navajo,195,b65,94,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Plant fibers used to make rope.,"Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 94"
5922,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used in basketry.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 13"
37747,3655,Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 13"
39432,3900,Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,15,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make cordage.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 15"
1785,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Thorn used as needle and thread.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1807,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Thorn used as needle and thread.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1808,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Thorn used as needle and thread.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
43803,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and sections tied together by square knots to make cordage.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44029,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make cordage.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44030,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Leaves used for the headshade of cradleboards.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
24006,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Grass used as a thatching material for wickiup or ramada.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
7428,608,Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,189,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stem used as comb and broom material.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189"
33082,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stalks split or peeled off the bark and used to make pitched water baskets.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
16276,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,48,Comanche,147,cj40,522,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems used to make brooms.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522"
32430,3289,Quercus sp.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used for fence posts.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
7156,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
7157,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
7158,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used with spruce roots to sew things together.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
7159,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
29522,3105,Populus sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,68,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Rotten wood used to wrap babies in at night as a diaper.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 68"
27053,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,27,Carrier,134,c73,69,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Young wood used to make snowshoes.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69"
27280,2939,Picea sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles used to make tent floor coverings.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69"
29273,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,27,Carrier,134,c73,69,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69"
327,8,Abies sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,70,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make shingles for roofs.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70"
38692,3783,Sphagnum sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,87,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Whole plant used as a diaper for small children.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 87"
44020,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,37,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves woven into shallow or tray baskets to carry prepared mescal home.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 37"
38800,3810,Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,40,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff stems made into a brush and used to clean spines of cacti.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 40"
12072,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as a source of basketry material.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
19675,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used to brush off the spines of prickly pears.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
8789,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,188,Papago,27,cu35,49,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make sandals.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 49"
1734,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Bundles of fibers used as combination brushes and combs for hair.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
382,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,319,Other,Twigs used for curved structures in wrapped weaving.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
1735,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves split and used for the weft of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8153,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Ribs used as one of the chief warp materials.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8154,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Ribs used for roofing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8155,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Slats joined with one or two rows of deer hide thong and used to make screen doors.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
14822,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for the warp of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
30105,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,271,Other,Roots used for curved structures in wrapped weaving.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
36017,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,310,Other,Twigs used for curved structures in wrapped weaving.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
43910,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves split and used for the weft of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
44041,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,54,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for the weft of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 54"
12073,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make two kinds of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
12074,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make headbands and headrings.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
12076,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Used to make large, tough sleeping mats, cradle mats and back mats for the carrying frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
36015,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,56,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Twigs split in half lengthwise, sun dried and used as the foundation of coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 56"
41227,4049,Typha latifolia L.,95,Hopi,27,cu35,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make sleeping mats.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 56"
381,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thorns removed, twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
12071,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
18159,2027,Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Muell.-Arg.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thick, rubbery stems used to make bulky baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
23474,2530,Morus microphylla Buckl.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
23999,2589,Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves sun dried, split into strands and used as foundation in coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
29897,3144,Proboscidea louisianica ssp. fragrans (Lindl.) Bretting,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Pods softened with lye and water, split, bent and used as sewing withes in coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
43908,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
44157,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
36016,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for sewing coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 58"
44156,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner leaves dried, split and used for sewing non-water-tight trade baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 58"
24000,2589,Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the warp element of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
30103,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the warp element of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
1782,92,Agave lechuguilla Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make rough cordage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
44158,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Leaves split into strands, made into cords and used for lashing house frames together and thatching.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
44160,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves split into strands, made into cords and used for tying up bundles of material.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
8156,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for the roofing of houses.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
14823,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Withes used to bind together the house dome ribs.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
24355,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Posts of wood, forked at the top, used for the core of the house frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
30104,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Posts of wood, forked at the top, used for the core of the house frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
44159,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Strips of fiber used to tie mesquite pole tips to other poles in forming house skeletons.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
19676,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,67,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Piled on top of saguaro ribs to strengthen house roofs.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 67"
19677,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,67,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Tops tied together and used to thatch menstruation huts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 67"
25271,2724,Pachycereus pringlei (S. Wats.) Britt. & Rose,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,37,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Ribs used for building and fence materials.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 37"
25272,2724,Pachycereus pringlei (S. Wats.) Britt. & Rose,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,37,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Ribs used as frames and springs for beds and couches.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 37"
16148,1769,Gossypium thurberi Todaro,188,Papago,160,cb42,106,4,Fiber,,,Used as a source of fiber.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 106"
35656,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,272,Ute,142,c09,36,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
35787,3526,Salix eriocephala Michx.,272,Ute,142,c09,36,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
35918,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,272,Ute,142,c09,36,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
35986,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,272,Ute,142,c09,36,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
2959,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,79,Gosiute,38,c11,361,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 361"
2960,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,79,Gosiute,38,c11,361,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used for cradle frameworks.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 361"
11043,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,79,Gosiute,38,c11,366,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366"
18847,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,79,Gosiute,38,c11,372,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for thatching and as a floor covering.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372"
18848,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,79,Gosiute,38,c11,372,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Small branches used as a floor covering.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372"
18849,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,79,Gosiute,38,c11,372,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used in the construction of winter lodges.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372"
29170,3094,Populus angustifolia James,79,Gosiute,38,c11,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used to make baskets.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 378"
35652,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35909,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35963,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
36048,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.","Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
13542,1432,Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F. Weber & D.M.H. Mohr,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,304,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Silicious stems used as a substitute for sandpaper in finishing off arrows and other woodwork.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 304"
31470,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,304,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root wood split into flat bands and used for the black strands of cheap baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 304"
31492,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,304,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Root wood, not frequently used, split and used for the black strands of cheap baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 304"
31513,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,270,Ukiah,89,c02,304,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Root wood, not frequently used, split and used for the black strands of cheap baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 304"
40413,3966,Torreya californica Torr.,200,Pomo,89,c02,305,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305"
27972,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,307,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lodge poles.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
28138,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,200,Pomo,89,c02,307,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root wood used to make V-shaped baskets for carrying acorns.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
31191,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,309,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Small roots used to make baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309"
37732,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,309,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Lumber used to construct houses.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309"
37733,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,309,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Fallen logs formerly hollowed out by fire and used as canoes.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309"
41260,4049,Typha latifolia L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,310,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Down of the fruiting parts used for bedding.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 310"
8110,752,Carex sp.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,314,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rootstocks used to make strong and durable baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 314"
8111,752,Carex sp.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,314,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Rootstocks formerly used to make rope.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 314"
8060,737,Carex barbarae Dewey,200,Pomo,89,c02,315,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rootstocks used to make the white or creamy groundwork for baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 315"
8127,752,Carex sp.,273,Wailaki,89,c02,315,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots and leaves used for baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 315"
8128,752,Carex sp.,273,Wailaki,89,c02,315,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves used to weave hats.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 315"
37551,3614,Scirpus sp.,200,Pomo,89,c02,316,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rootstocks used to make fine baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 316"
18361,2042,Juncus effusus L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,318,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wiry stalks used to make temporary baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 318"
18362,2042,Juncus effusus L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,318,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Wiry stalks used for tying.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 318"
18365,2042,Juncus effusus L.,200,Pomo,89,c02,318,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Formerly used to make a device for trapping and catching salmon and trout as a sport.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 318"
9722,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,319,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fiber used occasionally for bedding.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
38172,3708,Smilax californica (A. DC.) Gray,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,329,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Long, trailing limbs used to make baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 329"
38173,3708,Smilax californica (A. DC.) Gray,270,Ukiah,89,c02,329,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Long, trailing limbs used to make baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 329"
35840,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,270,Ukiah,89,c02,331,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"
35941,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,331,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Tough, inner fiber formerly used to make garments.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"
35942,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,331,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Tough, inner fiber formerly used to make rope.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"
35946,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,331,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used as thatching to provide shade around houses.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"
11281,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,333,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Slender twigs used to make coarse sieve baskets and vertical withes of saw grass baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 333"
9740,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,336,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Outer fibers made into brushes and used to scrape meal off the ground.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 336"
7820,692,Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,348,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood and bark from fresh shoots used in basket work.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 348"
26382,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,352,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Pithy stems used to make light baskets for carrying babies.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352"
8875,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,356,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for withes in constructing basket skeletons.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 356"
8876,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,356,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark and wood of young sprouts used like thread or woof to twine in and out of twined baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 356"
17299,1901,Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb.,49,Concow,89,c02,358,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Fine, strong inner bark formerly used for thread.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 358"
17302,1901,Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,358,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Root fibers used to make rope.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 358"
17304,1901,Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb.,285,Yokia,89,c02,358,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Fine, strong inner bark formerly used for thread.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 358"
43199,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,287,Yuki,89,c02,362,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stout roots used for tying.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 362"
40451,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,364,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Slender stems used for circular withes in basket making.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 364"
481,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,49,Concow,89,c02,365,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used in spring to make baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365"
482,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,49,Concow,89,c02,365,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make crude dresses.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365"
8653,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,49,Concow,89,c02,368,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Young, flexible shoots used for the circular withes of baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 368"
43385,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,200,Pomo,89,c02,369,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Woody parts of vines used for the rims of large, cone-shaped carrying baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 369"
43388,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,200,Pomo,89,c02,369,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Vines soaked in water and hot ashes, bark removed, wood split into strands and used as thread.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 369"
26052,2833,Perideridia kelloggii (Gray) Mathias,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,372,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Rigid, root fibers made into compact cylindrical brushes and used 'for combs.'","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 372"
4200,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,374,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lodge poles.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"
3822,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,378,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark formerly used to make garments.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"
3823,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,378,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make rope.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"
3824,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,378,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Inner bark used for making thread.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"
6090,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,49,Concow,89,c02,379,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make ropes and string.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 379"
21145,2264,Lonicera interrupta Benth.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Long, flexible stems used for the circular withes of baskets.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
39122,3850,Symphoricarpos albus var. albus,285,Yokia,89,c02,389,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Slender twigs bound together and used as brooms for sweeping.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 389"
4861,371,Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey,95,Hopi,82,c74,286,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plant used for broom material.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 286"
13652,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,95,Hopi,82,c74,303,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Brush used to make wind breaks.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 303"
31647,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,82,c74,304,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark spun and woven into kilts worn by the snake priests.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 304"
31650,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,82,c74,304,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used as padding for the cradle board.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 304"
28617,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,325,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Culms used as a floor and hair brush.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 325"
28624,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,257,Tewa,82,c74,325,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Culms used as a floor and hair brush.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 325"
18626,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for construction.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18736,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for construction.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
25521,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,339,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used as basketry material.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
25529,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,257,Tewa,82,c74,339,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used as basketry material.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
33123,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,356,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used in basketry.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 356"
33124,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,356,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Twigs used to make cradles.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 356"
37137,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,358,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 358"
37138,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,358,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used for clothes hooks in houses.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 358"
43996,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
43997,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plant used for paint brushes.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
43998,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Twigs used to make snow brooms.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
43822,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,371,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 371"
9326,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,86,Haisla,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9331,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9332,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9333,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
41804,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fiber used to make bow strings, fishing line for jigging, ropes and oolichan traps.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
1958,122,Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
41915,4063,Usnea longissima (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
41921,4064,Usnea sp.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
38698,3783,Sphagnum sp.,86,Haisla,14,c93,148,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant used for diapering infants.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 148"
21492,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,157,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant used as a belt for the blankets that were worn.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 157"
9078,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make boat ribs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9079,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make regular and racing paddles for canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9080,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark woven into capes and loincloths.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9081,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark woven into blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
39972,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39973,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used in basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39974,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as the main structural elements in baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39975,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for roofing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39976,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to partition long houses and make temporary shelters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39977,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house posts and planks in traditional house construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39978,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make dancing platforms.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39979,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to cover canoes to keep the rain out.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39980,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to carve canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39981,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make hats of various types.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39982,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark woven into hip length leggings to wear through deep snow.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39983,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make rain capes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39984,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Branches twisted together to make a type of rope used to tie covers to storage boxes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39985,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Bark used to make baby cradles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39986,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats to sit on.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39987,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
9,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Boughs used as a 'bush sleigh' to pull cargo across deep snow.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
269,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make chairs and insect proof storage boxes for dancing regalia.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
27177,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots mixed with red cedar bark and used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
40966,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used for making temporary shelters or huts by hunters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
39464,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,86,Haisla,14,c93,187,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make boat ribs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
42688,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to wipe the body off after bathing in water.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
17182,1894,Hierochloe alpina ssp. alpina,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
17237,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
468,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
9328,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,257,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Plant used to make twine, cordage and binding.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"
30343,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,272,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 272"
29289,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Seed 'wool' spun and used to make blankets and toques.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
41775,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fiber used to make cordage, bindings and nets.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
9092,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9093,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9094,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood used to make bows, adze handles, paddles and storage containers.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9095,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark pounded and used to make fine quality clothing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9096,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make hats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9097,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9098,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark pounded and used to make fine quality blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9099,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
40276,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40277,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40278,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make diapers for infants and rain proof capes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40280,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
27199,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,317,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used by hunters as shelter.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317"
27498,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,318,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used by hunters as shelter to discourage and repel animals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318"
29307,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,164,Nisga,14,c93,349,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 349"
29129,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,56,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Leaves used to make a 'hula hula skirt' as part of the costume of some male, tsaika dancers.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 56"
29130,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used as a mat under fish when cleaning and cutting.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 56"
9127,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes and canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9128,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make robes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9129,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9130,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
40158,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibrous tissue used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40160,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40161,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40162,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Fibrous tissue used to make canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40163,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Inner bark used to make canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40164,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Inner bark used to make sails for canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40165,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make dugout canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40166,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibrous tissue used to make napkins and clothing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40168,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Inner bark used to make women's aprons, conical rain capes and napkins.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40170,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark made into cordage and used as lanyards or lines and to secure boxes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40171,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous tissue used for weaving mats and screens.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40159,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark and roots used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40167,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make dance costumes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40169,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Wood used to make hoops worn by dancers as part of their costumes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
27249,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for structural elements in basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
41021,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs made into huts and used to house girls following their first menstruation.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41022,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Boughs made into special shelters for hunters, fishers, shamans and their initiates.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41051,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Boughs made into special shelters for hunters, fishers, shamans and their initiates.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
39519,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39520,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
2559,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,86,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood used to make tool handles, canoe bailers, masks and rattles.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"
6828,541,Baileya multiradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray,102,Jemez,28,c30,20,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Plant mixed with clay, used in making adobes and plant used in plaster.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
14701,1604,Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.,102,Jemez,28,c30,22,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches bound together & used as a broom for outdoor sweeping & to separate chaff from the wheat.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
15797,1722,Geranium atropurpureum Heller,102,Jemez,28,c30,22,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split epidermis used to sew moccasins.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
16579,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,102,Jemez,28,c30,23,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Sunflower mixed with clay, to hold the particles together, and used for plaster.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
18643,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,102,Jemez,28,c30,24,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs and boughs placed across corrals or enclosures as shelters for livestock.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
18644,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,102,Jemez,28,c30,24,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Trunks used as uprights, beams and fence posts.","Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
19309,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,102,Jemez,28,c30,25,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Blades tied together and used as a broom.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
24027,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,102,Jemez,28,c30,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves woven together into baskets.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
28076,2970,Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.,102,Jemez,28,c30,26,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as timbers for roofs.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
33143,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs and small branches used to make baskets.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
35794,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Straight branches used for the inside roofs.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
3833,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,146,Modoc,66,c97,103,4,Fiber,,,Used as a fiber.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 103"
7688,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,115,Klamath,66,c97,88,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basket weaving.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88"
13368,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,88,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to smooth arrow shafts.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88"
27505,2956,Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.,115,Klamath,66,c97,89,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Trunk used to make poles to push boats through shallow water.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89"
27965,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,115,Klamath,66,c97,89,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Logs used to make boats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89"
41244,4049,Typha latifolia L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,90,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting spike down used as a stuffing material for pillows.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 90"
41245,4049,Typha latifolia L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,90,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used in the manufacture of mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 90"
26595,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,115,Klamath,66,c97,91,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for surface finish of baskets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 91"
8106,752,Carex sp.,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
18332,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in the weaving of baskets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
18333,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used in the weaving of mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
37378,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for baskets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
37379,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stems used for hats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
37380,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,115,Klamath,66,c97,92,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used for mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92"
29210,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,94,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used in the manufacture of cloth.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94"
29622,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,115,Klamath,66,c97,94,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make hats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94"
36205,3551,Salix sp.,115,Klamath,66,c97,94,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make frames for snowshoes.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94"
41889,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,115,Klamath,66,c97,94,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Stems used for mesh on snowshoes.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94"
41888,4060,Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne,115,Klamath,66,c97,95,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems used in the manufacture of cords and nets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 95"
20401,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,115,Klamath,66,c97,99,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems made into strings and cords used to make baskets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99"
20402,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,115,Klamath,66,c97,99,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems fiber used to make strings and cords.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99"
20403,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,115,Klamath,66,c97,99,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems made into strings and cords used to make mats.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99"
20404,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,115,Klamath,66,c97,99,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Stem made into strings and cords used to make mesh on snowshoes.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99"
27504,2956,Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.,115,Klamath,186,c04,728,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Peeled sapling used to make poles to propel canoes.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728"
27966,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,115,Klamath,186,c04,728,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Single logs used to make dugout canoes.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728"
31171,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,115,Klamath,186,c04,728,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Single logs used to make dugout canoes.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728"
37377,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,115,Klamath,186,c04,737,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Outer surface split and twisted into weft cords and warp used in making baskets.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 737"
29893,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basket making.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29910,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used extensively for basket making.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
35853,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,108,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as foundations for outdoor storage baskets.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
35854,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,108,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used as padding in baby cradles.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
29485,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,109,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used for basket making.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109"
29486,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,109,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make fence posts.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109"
35855,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,116,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Small, green branches split in two, peeled, twisted, dried and used for sewing coiled baskets.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 116"
1776,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,193,Pima,11,c49,48,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Dead leaves cut, beaten, and fibers twined into cords or rope.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 48"
41119,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Flower stalks split, dried and used for basket weaving.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41120,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Green leaves woven into roofs.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41121,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Green leaves woven into mats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41122,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Silky down used as stuffing for pillows.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
6806,536,Baccharis sarothroides Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,65,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Green stalks cut, tied together with strings and used as brooms.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 65"
6807,536,Baccharis sarothroides Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,65,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stalks used to make brooms.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 65"
26616,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,193,Pima,11,c49,75,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75"
14821,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,11,c49,89,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for house construction.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 89"
14827,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,193,Pima,11,c49,89,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Stalks freed from thorns, bound together with rawhide or wire and used as shelves.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 89"
388,15,Acacia greggii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,90,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bushes dried, piled high and used as brush fences.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"
389,15,Acacia greggii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,90,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make cradle frames.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"
30139,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30140,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Roots used to make cradle frames.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30079,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,193,Pima,11,c49,96,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96"
26063,2833,Perideridia kelloggii (Gray) Mathias,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,91,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Strong, fibrous roots used to make hair brushes.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 91"
10901,1095,Cornus glabrata Benth.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,92,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make coarse baskets.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 92"
13531,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,92,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Stalks used to smooth Indian hemp stems and to polish arrows.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 92"
8129,752,Carex sp.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,93,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Large roots used to make baskets.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93"
31319,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,93,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to make camp shelters.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93"
26621,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,229,Seri,29,d44,134,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Canes used to make rafts.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"
29996,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,229,Seri,29,d44,134,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Outer root tissues pounded, split, worked between the hand and the mouth and twisted into cords.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"
29997,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,229,Seri,29,d44,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Root strips made into doughnut shaped head pads used to balance earthen water jars on the heads.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"
29998,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,229,Seri,29,d44,134,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Outer root tissues woven into rough fabric.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"
8221,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Dried plant skeletons and sea lion oil used as a caulking compound.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
14829,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to make sun and wind shelters.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
25275,2724,Pachycereus pringlei (S. Wats.) Britt. & Rose,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Dried plant skeletons and sea lion oil used as a caulking compound.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
38887,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,229,Seri,29,d44,136,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Dried plant skeletons and sea lion oil used as a caulking compound.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
404,18,Acacia willardiana,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Splints used to make the woof for basketry.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
7613,649,Bursera laxiflora,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
7617,650,Bursera microphylla Gray,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
7624,654,Caesalpinia gracilis,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Splints used to make the woof for basketry.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
18160,2027,Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Muell.-Arg.,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
18161,2028,Jatropha spatulata,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Splint whisps used to make light, coiled baskets.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
4276,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves used for head covering.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
7163,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as coverings for dwellings.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
12489,1296,Dicranum bonjeanii De Not,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,350,Other,Used as an absorbent.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
13349,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used for scouring.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
15243,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to cover wigwams.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
15320,1661,Fraxinus sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoe frames and sleds.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
19146,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
25119,2705,Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used as frames for dwellings.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
27137,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used in sewing canoes.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
27138,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Gum used to make pitch.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
19455,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used for twine.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
37480,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
38696,3783,Sphagnum sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,249,Other,Used as an absorbent.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
40336,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used for twine and general utility.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
41200,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for baskets.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
41202,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
19112,2063,Juniperus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used in the construction of hogans.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17"
19113,2063,Juniperus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to build the corral for public exhibitions at the close of a ceremony.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17"
19114,2063,Juniperus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to make the summer shelters where the women weave.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17"
19115,2063,Juniperus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,17,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark woven into garments and used to make sandals.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17"
19116,2063,Juniperus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,17,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dry bark mixed with mud and worn as clothing during hard times.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17"
19117,2063,Juniperus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make blankets and passageway curtains.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17"
18675,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,157,Navajo,74,e44,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make a canopy to protect a new born child from the sparks of the fire.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 19"
18676,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,157,Navajo,74,e44,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts and hogan roofs.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 19"
27608,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,21,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to build the corral for public exhibitions at the close of a ceremony.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21"
27609,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,21,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs used to make hogans for ordinary and ceremonial purposes.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21"
27610,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,21,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make various parts of the cradle.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21"
28163,2976,Pinus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,23,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used as a covering for summer shelters.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23"
23513,2536,Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr. ex Hook.) Rydb.,157,Navajo,74,e44,25,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems used to make hair brushes and brooms for sweeping out the hogan.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 25"
23545,2544,Muhlenbergia sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,25,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used in the making of brushes and brooms.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 25"
23522,2541,Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb.,157,Navajo,74,e44,26,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Stems, pulled out of their sheaths when dry, tied with string and used as brooms and brushes.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26"
44460,4244,Zea mays L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,27,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stalks sometimes used for thatching.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27"
44234,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fiber used to secure the butts of the first twigs around a small stick at the bottom of the basket.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44235,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf pith braid woven into a basket.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44236,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Pith twisted with mountain grass and used for roofing.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44237,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fiber used to make knitted leggings.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44238,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Pith twisted with mountain grass and used to make leggings and shoes.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44239,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make moccasin uppers and dresses.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44240,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Yucca fiber and grass fiber used to make the earliest costume.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44241,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fiber used to tie butt and tip of corn husks filled with dough.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44242,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Strands used to tie rolled skins into a rabbit skin blanket.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44243,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fiber and grass used to make sleeping mats.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44244,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Pith twisted with mountain grass and used to make mats for bedding and blankets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
1870,97,Agave utahensis Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,37,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibers used to make blankets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 37"
29176,3094,Populus angustifolia James,157,Navajo,74,e44,37,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Soft wood used for parts of the cradle.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 37"
29557,3105,Populus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,37,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to make the circular or oval summer shelter.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 37"
29450,3101,Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for firewood, fenceposts, vigas (heavy rafters) yand tinder boxes.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
29451,3101,Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36226,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make permanent carrying baskets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36227,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Branches used to make a braided strap worn across the forehead to support a water bottle.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36228,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make cradle canopies.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
32458,3289,Quercus sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,40,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used as the framework of a temporary carrying basket. A temporary carrying basket was made of two staves or bows of oak twigs crossed in the center and brought upwards to the hoop.  This framework was then covered with sheep or goatskin.  These carrying baskets were usually made in the field for carrying yucca fruits.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 40"
32614,3250,Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella],157,Navajo,74,e44,41,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make batten sticks and bows for the baby's cradle.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41"
8951,842,Cercocarpus montanus Raf.,157,Navajo,74,e44,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used to make the handle of the weaving distaff, dice and the sweathouse for ceremonies.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53"
31656,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,157,Navajo,74,e44,53,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Softened bark used as backing for cradle boards and as stuffing for pillows.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53"
33182,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split stems used to make baskets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60"
33183,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make carrying baskets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60"
33184,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,60,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Used to sew water bottles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60"
16138,1768,Gossypium sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,62,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make string for many different ceremonies.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62"
16139,1768,Gossypium sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,62,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Used to make fabrics.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62"
25560,2759,Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) A.S. Hitchc.,157,Navajo,74,e44,62,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used on ramadas for shade.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62"
5670,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,82,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used between the poles of the sweathouse to prevent the sand from sifting through.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 82"
9807,935,Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,84,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used as thatch to prevent the sand on top of the sweathouse from sifting through.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 84"
37667,3642,Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkl.,157,Navajo,74,e44,88,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Tops used as brooms to brush the spines from cactus fruit.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 88"
23520,2541,Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb.,95,Hopi,72,f96,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make a hair brush and broom.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16"
33122,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,72,f96,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used for coarse basketry.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16"
28615,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used by the women to make coil trays.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
43823,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
44198,4231,Yucca glauca var. glauca,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
37663,3642,Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkl.,95,Hopi,72,f96,19,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plant top used as a brush to remove spines from the prickly pears.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 19"
37666,3642,Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkl.,157,Navajo,72,f96,19,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Plant top used as a brush to remove spines from the prickly pears.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 19"
39450,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39948,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basketry.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39949,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for coiled and imbricated baskets.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39950,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for house planks, posts and roof boards.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39951,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used for canoes.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39952,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark used for clothing, sanitary napkins and towels.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39953,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Limbs used to make rope.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39954,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to pad cradles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
478,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
41203,4049,Typha latifolia L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
41204,4049,Typha latifolia L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
9267,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,41,Clallam,99,f80,201,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Puffs mixed with dog hair and used for weaving cloth.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201"
36082,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark made into string.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
37398,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to build houses.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49"
41135,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,69,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for house building materials.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 69"
41137,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,69,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used in the construction of duck decoys and boats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 69"
41319,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,69,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for house building materials.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 69"
41321,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,69,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used in the construction of duck decoys and boats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 69"
3850,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,75,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers twisted and plied into cordage and nets.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 75"
35829,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,75,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 75"
37397,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for wefts and binding tule items.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37401,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to secure the edges of skirts.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37404,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37446,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for wefts and binding tule items.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37449,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to secure the edges of skirts.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37452,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41134,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for wefts and binding tule items.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41140,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to secure the edges of skirts.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41142,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41318,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for wefts and binding tule items.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41324,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to secure the edges of skirts.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
41326,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to secure the edges of mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81"
37400,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,83,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used as the warps for sandals.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 83"
37448,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,83,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used as the warps for sandals.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 83"
41138,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,83,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves twined as weft rows for sandals.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 83"
41322,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,83,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves twined as weft rows for sandals.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 83"
37399,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,86,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used as the warps and the twining wefts for clothing.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 86"
37447,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,86,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used as the warps and the twining wefts for clothing.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 86"
41139,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,86,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used as the twining wefts for clothing.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 86"
41323,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,86,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used as the twining wefts for clothing.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 86"
37402,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37403,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make twined mats for the insides of houses.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37450,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
37451,3606,Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make twined mats for the insides of houses.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
41136,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make shingles for house exteriors.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
41141,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
41320,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make shingles for house exteriors.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
41325,4049,Typha latifolia L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,87,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used in a simple pile for seating.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 87"
3851,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",117,f90,89,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used as twined weft rows for mats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology:  Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 89"
9817,935,Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,257,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems used to brush off spines on fruits.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257"
14159,1530,Eriogonum sp.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,257,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stems used to brush off spines on fruits.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257"
1863,96,Agave sp.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,259,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Grass stem brush used to transfer excess mescal juice from dish to slab.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259"
43968,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,259,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaf fiber used to tie grass stems of mescal to make a brush.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259"
8118,752,Carex sp.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Roots used as a sewing element in coiled baskets.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
27924,2967,Pinus muricata D. Don,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used in basketry.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
31532,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used in basketry.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
39526,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
39527,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots twined as fabric.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
18341,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used by girls to simulate basket making.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
21305,2285,Lupinus arboreus Sims,200,Pomo,80,g67,13,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Root fibers used for string.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13"
43386,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,200,Pomo,80,g67,14,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Vines used to make withes to tie things when hunting or traveling.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"
43387,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,200,Pomo,80,g67,14,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Vines used to tie western service berry thatch in place on the winter house.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"
23710,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,133,Makah,3,g83,206,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Solid stipes used for tying.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23717,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,206,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Lower stipes used for ropes and fishing lines.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
41925,4064,Usnea sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,211,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used in bags as pillows when feathers unavailable.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
41927,4064,Usnea sp.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,211,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to diaper babies and for women's sanitary napkins.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
1587,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,133,Makah,3,g83,217,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dark petioles split in two, worked until soft and used for black in basketry.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 217"
9122,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,227,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Bark fibers, nettle fibers and dog hair used to make a stronger rope.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 227"
40081,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40082,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40083,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark pounded until soft and made into clothes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40086,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to line baby cradles.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40120,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make ropes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
27234,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split roots used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27235,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used to fill cracks and knot holes in canoes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
41031,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,133,Makah,3,g83,238,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 238"
29309,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,241,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fibers, dog hair and nettles used to make stronger ropes.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 241"
35863,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35864,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35865,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35866,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
41707,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used in weaving baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41708,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make string.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41716,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,246,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fibers, yellow cedar bark or cottonwood fibers and dog hair used to make stronger ropes.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
30380,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,266,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark strips used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 266"
417,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,285,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285"
504,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,285,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285"
26657,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,133,Makah,3,g83,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"White, sun bleached leaves used in basketry.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 328"
8084,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,133,Makah,3,g83,330,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the horizontal strands in basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 330"
37439,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,133,Makah,3,g83,332,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 332"
37515,3611,Scirpus microcarpus J.& K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,332,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the bottom portion of baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 332"
43723,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,343,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 343"
8300,763,Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
8301,764,Carya glabra var. glabra,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
8326,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
8356,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
16974,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Grains bound with sinew and used to make combs or hairbrushes. The grains were firmly bound with sinew, the points being broken or burned off, the grains forming the teeth, the awns bent back, making the attachment for combs or hairbrushes.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
36251,3551,Salix sp.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Young poles used for the framework of the vapor bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
40376,3959,Tilia americana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
40378,3959,Tilia americana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used to make ropes and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
41552,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
41555,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used to make ropes and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
37365,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems pressed flat between the fingers and used to make household mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
41220,4049,Typha latifolia L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Down used for filling pillows, padding cradles and quilting baby wrappings.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
41221,4049,Typha latifolia L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,359,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used by children to make mats while playing. The leaves became very brittle once dried and therefore were not put to serious use by adults.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359"
35987,3540,Salix melanopsis Nutt.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,361,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled stems used in basketry.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 361"
31367,3206,Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,366,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant tops used to make garlands worn like hats in hot weather.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 366"
40377,3959,Tilia americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cordage and rope.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
40379,3959,Tilia americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark fiber used for spinning cordage and weaving matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
40380,3959,Tilia americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cordage and rope.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
15296,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15304,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
5126,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5157,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5167,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Plant tops bound into bundles and made into brooms used for sweeping the lodge floor. The plant was used for this purpose because of its agreeable, wholesome odor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5168,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5171,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5205,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5264,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5288,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5290,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5292,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5308,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5436,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,61,Dakota,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5447,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5471,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5472,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5503,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
13486,1428,Equisetum sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Plant used like sandpaper for polishing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
13488,1428,Equisetum sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Plant used like sandpaper for polishing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
13489,1428,Equisetum sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Plant used like sandpaper for polishing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
27502,2956,Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.,61,Dakota,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Tree used for tipi poles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
16975,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,177,Omaha,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
16977,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,190,Pawnee,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
16979,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,205,Ponca,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
38604,3769,Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link,177,Omaha,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to support earth coverings of lodges in permanent villages.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
38605,3769,Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link,205,Ponca,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used as thatching to support the earth coverings of lodges in permanent villages.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
3303,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,177,Omaha,17,g19,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Grass used on poles to support earth coverings of lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
3305,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,205,Ponca,17,g19,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Grass used on poles to support earth coverings of lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
37486,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,61,Dakota,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37505,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,177,Omaha,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37506,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37507,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,205,Ponca,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
44086,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,61,Dakota,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44087,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,61,Dakota,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp points of leaves used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44153,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44154,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp leaf points used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44165,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44166,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp leaf points used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44168,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44169,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp leaf points used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
29414,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
35913,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,177,Omaha,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled stems used in basketry.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36168,3551,Salix sp.,61,Dakota,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36278,3551,Salix sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36336,3551,Salix sp.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
41432,4051,Ulmus americana L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41464,4051,Ulmus americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41470,4051,Ulmus americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41478,4051,Ulmus americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41598,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,61,Dakota,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41603,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41607,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41508,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,61,Dakota,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41509,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,61,Dakota,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fibers used to make ropes and cords.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41553,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41554,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41568,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41569,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make ropes and cords.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41576,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41577,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41590,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41591,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41765,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,61,Dakota,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41766,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,61,Dakota,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41799,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,177,Omaha,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage. The fiber was separated from the nettle by either crumpling the dried stalks in the hands or gently pounding it with stones.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41800,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,177,Omaha,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41815,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41816,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41822,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,205,Ponca,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41823,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,205,Ponca,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41862,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41863,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
30245,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,61,Dakota,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30281,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30288,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Bound bundles of tough, elastic twigs used a brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30292,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30297,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
31368,3206,Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.,61,Dakota,17,g19,93,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant tops used to make garlands worn on the head as protection from the sun on very hot days.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93"
12029,1226,Dalea purpurea var. purpurea,190,Pawnee,17,g19,94,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic stems made into brooms and used to sweep the lodge.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94"
39857,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe ribs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
39858,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make toboggans.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
40860,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark strips used for wigwam coverings.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
37479,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used for weaving floor and wall mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
41201,4049,Typha latifolia L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Leaves used as mats for roofing wigwams. The leaves were laid parallel, with one overlapping another, and were then stitched together with basswood, dogbane or swamp milkweed fiber.  The leaves were said to be quite effective in shedding the rain.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
18356,2042,Juncus effusus L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,125,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Rushes used for weaving small table mats and other larger mats.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 125"
35899,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,126,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Cut, peeled willows dipped in hot water to make them tough and pliable and made into baskets. The best time for weaving willow baskets of various forms and sizes was during the springtime.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 126"
8238,758,Carpinus caroliniana Walt.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,127,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Tree used for the main supporting posts for the ridgepole of the wigwam or tent.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127"
7320,583,Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,128,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Bark used in boat building. The bark was stripped off at raspberry ripening time, laid away and pressed flat until the next spring.  When required for manufacture, especially in boat building, it was heated over a fire to make it pliable for shaping to the purpose.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128"
41429,4051,Ulmus americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,129,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark peeled during raspberry ripening time and used in the winter for house roofing material.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 129"
40334,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make dugout canoes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
40335,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Bast made into cordage of all sorts. The bast was boiled and rubbed on a stick to separate the fibers which were spun into thread for sewing, fine yarn for weaving bags and made into cordage of all sorts.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
40337,3959,Tilia americana L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Bast made into thread for sewing and fine yarn for weaving bags.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
15242,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,139,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Wood logs beaten with mauls to separate the growth layers, cut into strips and woven into baskets. The wood logs were beaten with mauls until the growth layers were loosened so that they could be separated.  The thin sheets of wood were then cut into strips of the desired size and woven into baskets.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139"
3790,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,140,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fiber considered the best available for making fine cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"
6127,434,Asclepias incarnata L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,140,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fiber used to make good twine.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"
8062,737,Carex barbarae Dewey,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,103,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"White, woody center of the root used as a sewing element in coiled baskets and in twining.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 103"
8063,737,Carex barbarae Dewey,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,103,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"White, woody center of the root used as a sewing element in coiled baskets and in twining.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 103"
3132,212,Amelanchier pallida Greene,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,104,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems and foliage used to thatch inland houses.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 104"
9737,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,107,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Bulb fibers tied into bundles to make scrub brushes and hair brushes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 107"
35833,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used in twined baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35834,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Switches used for twined baskets and foundations in coiled baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35835,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Large branches used as the framework for thatched summer homes, sudatories and other construction.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35982,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used as the warp for twined baskets and foundation in coiled baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
39530,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used as weft in twined baskets & root very strong & especially good for hopper mortar baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
32626,3298,Ramalina Menziesii,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,123,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used for baby diapers and other sanitary purposes.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 123"
23733,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,124,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Dried, shredded stems used as cordage or fish line.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 124"
37418,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used to form the black part of the basket design.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28"
37441,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used to form the black part of the basket design.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28"
37442,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used to form the black part of the basket design.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28"
37445,3605,Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) M.T. Strong,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used to form the black part of the basket design. Roots were stained by burying them in the mud with ashes until a black color was obtained.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28"
37475,3608,Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,28,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used to form the black part of the basket design.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28"
17347,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,40,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Long branches used to make baby baskets and arrows.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 40"
10912,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,42,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Long, slender branches used in making baby baskets.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 42"
31534,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,44,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Root pounded to remove bark, bark core split into layers and used as material for basket design.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 44"
1546,70,Adiantum jordanii C. Muell.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,46,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dried, split stems used as a material for basket design.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 46"
43391,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,51,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Vine made a very strong cord used to tie bundles and for lashing.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 51"
43392,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,51,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Vine used to make the hoop on a baby basket.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 51"
11278,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Switches used as the foundation in coiled baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 55"
11279,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Switches used to weave large burden baskets, surf fish baskets and other open work baskets.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 55"
21306,2285,Lupinus arboreus Sims,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,65,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Root fibers used to make string for fish nets, deer and rabbit nets, gill nets and carrying nets.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65"
6109,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,70,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stem fibers shredded to make a woman's skirt.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 70"
6110,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,70,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers used to make two ply string.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 70"
6241,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,70,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stem fibers shredded to make a woman's skirt.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 70"
6242,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,70,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers used to make two ply string.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 70"
26061,2833,Perideridia kelloggii (Gray) Mathias,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,89,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Roots bundled together to make a hair brush or scrub brush.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 89"
8887,838,Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,96,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Strips of switch bark used for brown design or bark peeled to show the white used to make baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 96"
37739,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,97,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bark leaned together, in a circle, to make a house.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 97"
39960,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark strips used for basketry.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39962,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark strips used for cordage.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39964,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39966,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark strips used for basketry.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39967,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark strips used for cordage.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39968,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40289,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark strips used for basketry.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40291,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark strips used for cordage.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40293,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
465,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
466,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
9077,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,86,Haisla,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark fiber used to make clothing for the nobility.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
39961,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark sheets used for roofing.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
39963,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40275,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark sheets used for roofing and tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40279,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40290,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark sheets used for roofing.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40292,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
7202,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,154,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
36076,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,154,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark strips used for cord or rope.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
13023,1380,Eleocharis sp.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Rushes made into large baskets and used to hold small utensils or carry loads on the back.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
37525,3612,Scirpus nevadensis S. Wats.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems woven into mats and used like blankets on wooden mattresses.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
18327,2038,Juncus balticus Willd.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,171,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to weave baskets.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171"
23266,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,186,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems and flowers used as fragrant pillow stuffing by young girls from puberty to marriage.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186"
29100,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves tied with maple bark and used for mattresses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29138,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,209,Quileute,25,g73,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for mattresses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
1533,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,133,Makah,25,g73,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Midribs used for the designs in basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
1535,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,210,Quinault,25,g73,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Midribs used for the designs in basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
31541,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,251,Squaxin,25,g73,14,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for camp bedding.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
13351,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to polish arrow shafts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13403,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to polish arrow shafts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13507,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13516,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,209,Quileute,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13525,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,243,Skokomish,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used with dogfish as sandpaper.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13526,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13527,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to polish arrow shafts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
27920,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,241,Skagit,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used rarely to make light dugouts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39457,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39540,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39541,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used to make canoe bailers.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
27252,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,209,Quileute,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27254,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,209,Quileute,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used for caulking canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27255,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,209,Quileute,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Roots used for rain hats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
27262,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,210,Quinault,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used for caulking canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41068,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,210,Quinault,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used as shelters for hunters.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41069,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,210,Quinault,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Young trees used for poling canoes upstream.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41079,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,241,Skagit,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Young trees used for poling canoes upstream.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41081,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used as a dye for baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41082,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,17,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Young trees used for poling canoes upstream.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
39945,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,31,Chehalis,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark coarsely shredded and plaited into skirts, capes and dresses for women.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
39946,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,31,Chehalis,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark finely shredded and used as padding for infants' cradles, sanitary pads and towels.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40084,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make the lining and head bands of rain hats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40085,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark cut into narrow strips and woven into mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40197,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,209,Quileute,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make the lining and head bands of rain hats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40211,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,210,Quinault,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs used for openwork baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40212,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,210,Quinault,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make the lining and head bands of rain hats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40213,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,210,Quinault,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used to sew the corners of wooden boxes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40248,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,246,Snuqualmie,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs used to tie the poles of summer houses together.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40249,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,251,Squaxin,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs used for openwork baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40250,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,251,Squaxin,25,g73,19,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make coiled and imbricated basketry.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
41191,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41192,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41193,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41194,4049,Typha latifolia L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41209,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41210,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41211,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41212,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41240,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41241,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41242,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41243,4049,Typha latifolia L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41255,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41256,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41257,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41258,4049,Typha latifolia L.,133,Makah,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens and mattresses.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41365,4049,Typha latifolia L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41366,4049,Typha latifolia L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41367,4049,Typha latifolia L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"