id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
20104,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Dried, brown leaves woven into mats and other marketable products and sold for cash. The sale of baskets, mats, tote sacks and ropes provided a significant supplementary cash income.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
20105,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Dried, brown leaves woven into mats, baskets, tote sacks and ropes for hanging herring & other fish.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
27285,2939,Picea sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to build fish drying racks and legs for elevated caches.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
27286,2939,Picea sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,3,Other,37,Fuel,Logs considered an important source of fuel for heating the homes and steambaths of the village.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
27287,2939,Picea sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,3,Other,17,Tools,"Logs and poles used for making kayak parts, tool handles and other utilitarian objects.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
27288,2939,Picea sp.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,3,Other,98,Weapon,Logs and poles used for making and weapon handles.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
35621,3516,Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Plant gathered in late summer, burned to ashes and added to chewing tobacco.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
35622,3516,Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,34,3,Other,203,Snuff,"Plant gathered in late summer, burned to ashes and added to snuff.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"
2648,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,35,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as firewood.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35"
2649,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,35,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Wood burned to make ashes added to tobacco.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35"
7115,577,Betula nana L.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,35,3,Other,37,Fuel,Shrub burned to smoke fish.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35"
38752,3797,Spiraea stevenii (Schneid.) Rydb.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,36,3,Other,37,Fuel,Plant burned for smoking fish.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 36"
3530,265,Angelica lucida L.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,37,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant formerly used during the seal bladder festival.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37"
3531,265,Angelica lucida L.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,37,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Dried hollow stems formerly used as pipe stems.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37"
5581,406,Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,"Fresh, crushed leaves rubbed on hands to remove or mask odors after cleaning fish.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26174,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used by children to make cone shaped buckets to hold the picked berries.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26175,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves occasionally used to form make-shift funnels.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26176,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Dried, burned leaves added to chewing tobacco for flavoring.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26177,2840,Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,3,Other,203,Snuff,"Dried, burned leaves added to snuff for flavoring.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26184,2841,Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves occasionally used to form make-shift funnels.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26185,2841,Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used by children to make cone shaped buckets to hold the picked berries.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26186,2841,Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Dried, burned leaves added to chewing tobacco for flavoring.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
26187,2841,Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",152,aa80,38,3,Other,203,Snuff,"Dried, burned leaves added to snuff for flavoring.","Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
37952,3664,Sida sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,26,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plant used to make wreaths.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 26"
9354,890,Cheirodendron gaudicchaudii,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,33,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 33"
39613,3910,Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,4,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Leaves used to poison fish.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 4"
10715,1077,Cordyline fruticosa (L.) Chev.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,49,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used for underground oven covers or as containers for cooking fish or pork.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 49"
10716,1077,Cordyline fruticosa (L.) Chev.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,49,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Leaves used for fishing drags.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 49"
1995,127,Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,56,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 56"
1996,127,Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,56,3,Other,145,Lighting,"Nuts dried, strung together and burned like candles.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 56"
4963,385,Artemisia australis Less.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,7,3,Other,38,Decorations,Leaves woven into wreaths.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 7"
23548,2546,Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,70,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used as a covering for underground ovens.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 70"
28326,2986,Pipturus sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,71,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood made into clubs and used to beat the tapa.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 71"
11887,1199,Cyperus laevigatus L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,9,3,Other,17,Tools,Stem fibers used to remove all impurities in liquids.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 9"
415,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,15,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to made acorn paddles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
464,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,15,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruit used to play with.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
492,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,15,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to made acorn paddles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
2515,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,105,Karok,70,b81,16,3,Other,17,Tools,Water soaked stems used for lashing in the sweat house.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
4198,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Berries used as bait for steelhead.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4199,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,3,Other,17,Tools,Leaves used to test the temperature of pitch used in canoe construction. The pitch was ready to use when the leaf turned black.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4234,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,17,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Berries used to make necklaces.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
5061,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,105,Karok,70,b81,18,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Shoots used with drying salmon to keep 'salmon beetles' away.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
6573,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,105,Karok,70,b81,20,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to clean eel's blood from butchered eel.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
9072,859,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,23,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruits used by children to throw at each other.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
10142,1004,Claytonia parviflora Dougl. ex Hook.,105,Karok,70,b81,24,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Shoot used to play a game. The stem was stripped of it's outer layers leaving only the terminal leaf or inflorescence hanging loosely on a flexible strand.  Opponents held firmly to the base of the strand and attempted to hook the opponents leaf or inflorescence.  After engaging, the opponents pulled and the opponent who retained his leaf or inflorescence won.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
10152,1005,Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Shoot used to play a game. The stem was stripped of it's outer layers leaving only the terminal leaf or inflorescence hanging loosely on a flexible strand.  Opponents held firmly to the base of the strand and attempted to hook the opponents leaf or inflorescence.  After engaging, the opponents pulled and the opponent who retained his leaf or inflorescence won.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
7998,728,Cardamine californica var. californica,289,Yurok,70,b81,27,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,First plant to flower in the spring.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12041,1232,Darlingtonia californica Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,27,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant ate insects.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12482,1293,Dichelostemma ida-maia (Wood) Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,27,3,Other,38,Decorations,Flowers used for bouquets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12681,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,105,Karok,70,b81,28,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to clean eels.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
12686,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,289,Yurok,70,b81,28,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
12687,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,289,Yurok,70,b81,28,3,Other,167,Designs,Spores used to make designs on hands.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
18567,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,34,3,Other,38,Decorations,Dried berries used to decorate dresses.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
18568,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,34,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Dried berries used for beads to make necklaces.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
18569,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,289,Yurok,70,b81,34,3,Other,38,Decorations,Dried berries used to decorate dresses.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
20317,2190,Lilium rubescens S. Wats.,105,Karok,70,b81,34,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used for bouquets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
20730,2232,Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,105,Karok,70,b81,37,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Root chewed and smoked in the pipe.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37"
20746,2232,Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,289,Yurok,70,b81,37,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Thrown into the fire at ceremonies.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37"
21688,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21689,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21696,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21697,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
22409,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,39,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruit tossed by children at one another in play.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
22410,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,39,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruit used by children to construct representations of animals by inserting twigs.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
23909,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,266,Tolowa,70,b81,41,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves smoked for leisure.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41"
26778,2927,Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze,266,Tolowa,70,b81,43,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Seeds squeezed and popped.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
27485,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,44,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches rubbed on the hunters' bodies to hide the human scent.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
27757,2964,Pinus lambertiana Dougl.,105,Karok,70,b81,44,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Seeds used as beads in jewelry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
25956,2825,Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis,289,Yurok,70,b81,45,3,Other,167,Designs,Spores used by children to make a design on their hands.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
29353,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,289,Yurok,70,b81,47,3,Other,17,Tools,Pitch used to apply soot in the tattooing process.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
31521,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,105,Karok,70,b81,48,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to clean eels and salmon.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31547,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used in layers to dry food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31548,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Fronds used as plates to serve fish, to put over fish to keep the flies off and to clean fish.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
32662,3303,Ranunculus californicus Benth.,105,Karok,70,b81,49,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Stems split and sucked on to make sounds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49"
36625,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to pack sturgeon eggs while cooking.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36920,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to pack sturgeon eggs while cooking.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
37746,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,55,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Wood used to make canoes and traded to the Karok.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
39486,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39489,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make various tools.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39566,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,57,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39570,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,57,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
40447,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,58,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used to prop salmon filet open.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
41630,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,59,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Foliage placed on fire during the Brush Dance to drive evil spirits away.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41675,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,"Leaves burned, to take bad luck away, in the house or the smoke waved over people as they leave.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41676,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant put under the bed to rid it of fleas.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
43381,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,105,Karok,70,b81,62,3,Other,17,Tools,Stems used for lashings.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
43383,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,139,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Green leaves used as top layer, over the hot stones, in the earth oven.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 139"
43601,4201,Wyethia helenioides (DC.) Nutt.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,139,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Green leaves used as top layer, over the hot stones, in the earth oven.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 139"
31985,3256,Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,142,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Acorns gathered in large quantities and traded for other foods.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142"
4492,345,Arctostaphylos sp.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,146,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make mush stirring paddles.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 146"
21323,2292,Lupinus latifolius Lindl. ex J.G. Agardh,144,Miwok,100,bg33,146,3,Other,32,Containers,"Leaves used to line acorn leaching basket, to prevent meal from running through the interstices.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 146"
32216,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,144,Miwok,100,bg33,146,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branch used to make mush stirring paddles.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 146"
32457,3289,Quercus sp.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,146,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make mush stirring paddles.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 146"
3450,260,Angelica breweri Gray,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,3,Other,58,Protection,"Chewed, rubbed on body or decoction taken to ward off snakes.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
43390,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,200,Pomo,179,b08,139,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Sap wood used as a binding material for brush fences, rafters, stringers and posts of earth lodges.","Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 139"
23744,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,74,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves pounded, mixed with water, chewed and used as a smoking material.","Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 74"
1524,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,77,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used for fuel.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 77"
43802,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,3,Other,106,Soap,Large roots used to make soap.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
27534,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,35,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pollen used instead of cattail pollen in ceremonies.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35"
27535,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,35,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Resin used for waterproofing woven water jugs.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35"
29948,3153,Prosopis glandulosa Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,37,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Resin used for fletching arrows.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 37"
12068,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stalks used in the head dress of Mountain Spirit dancers.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
12069,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Stalks and leaf base tissues used to make cigarette papers.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
12070,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,3,Other,17,Tools,"Stalks dried, split, drilled to make small holes and used as fire drill hearths.","Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
32418,3289,Quercus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used to make platters and shelves for mescal cakes.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
32419,3289,Quercus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Used to make stirrups.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
32420,3289,Quercus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,3,Other,17,Tools,Used to make digging sticks and wooden tweezers.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
32421,3289,Quercus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,41,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Used to make toy bows.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41"
19070,2063,Juniperus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,43,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark used as tinder for fire drills.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 43"
19071,2063,Juniperus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,43,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 43"
19072,2063,Juniperus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,43,3,Other,17,Tools,Used to make handles for scrapers.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 43"
18235,2033,Juglans major (Torr.) Heller,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,46,3,Other,26,Paint,Outer shell coverings soaked in water to make a black paint.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46"
41179,4049,Typha latifolia L.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,46,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leaves used as ground covering for ceremonial tipis during the puberty ritual.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46"
41180,4049,Typha latifolia L.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,46,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pollen used in many ceremonies.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46"
23473,2530,Morus microphylla Buckl.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,47,3,Other,98,Weapon,Wood used to make the best war bows.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 47"
33807,3405,Robinia neomexicana Gray,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,47,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make high quality bows.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 47"
30676,3178,Prunus sp.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,48,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Small shoots used to make arrow shafts.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 48"
24005,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,51,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Grass woven into trays and used for processing datil and mescal.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 51"
26573,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,101,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Used to make a flute, usually played by men.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"
5942,420,Arundo donax L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Used to make a flute, usually played by men.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27798,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Nuts used as an important trade item.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27799,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Pitch used as an adhesive for mending pottery and baskets and attaching arrowpoints to shafts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27800,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Wood, high combustibility, used for firewood and kindling.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27801,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Wood, gave off a pleasant odor, used for firewood.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28088,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Nuts used as an important trade item.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28089,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Pitch used as an adhesive for mending pottery and baskets and attaching arrowpoints to shafts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28090,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Wood, high combustibility, used for firewood and kindling.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28091,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Wood, gave off a pleasant odor, used for firewood.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28633,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make arrow shafts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
29467,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,106,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Trunks used to make wooden mortars.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 106"
29889,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,3,Other,17,Tools,Hooked thorns used as a tool in mending baskets and broken pottery.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30021,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Trunk used to make wooden mortars.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30022,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Gum used as an adhesive for arrows.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30023,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Gum used to secure foreshafts to arrows and baskets to mortars.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30024,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark used as kindling for cooking and firewood in sweathouses.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30025,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Wood used as firewood for cooking, baking pottery and warmth.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30026,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fire hardened branches used as the foreshaft inserted into the mainshaft of an arrow.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30027,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Smaller limbs used for bowmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30028,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,3,Other,143,Paper,Bark used as a wrapping.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30030,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,3,Other,17,Tools,Thorns used to puncture the skin for tattooing.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30029,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,114,3,Other,58,Protection,"Trees used by women as shaded working areas, out of the direct rays of the sun, for grinding food.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 114"
30065,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Small limbs used to make bows.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30066,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,3,Other,17,Tools,Long branch made into a mescal cutter to sever agave leaves.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
31839,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31840,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31841,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,37,Fuel,Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31842,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31843,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Unhusked acorns dried and strung as necklaces.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31844,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31845,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31934,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31935,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31936,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,37,Fuel,Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31937,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31938,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Unhusked acorns dried and strung as necklaces.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31939,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31940,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31996,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31997,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31998,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,37,Fuel,Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31999,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
32000,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Unhusked acorns dried and strung as necklaces.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
32001,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
32002,3257,Quercus dumosa Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
32184,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
32185,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
32186,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,37,Fuel,Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
32187,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
32188,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Unhusked acorns dried and strung as necklaces.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
32189,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
32190,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
35364,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,134,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Roots used in tanning hides.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134"
36364,3555,Salvia apiana Jepson,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,136,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Fresh, crushed leaves applied to armpits by hunters to eliminate body odors and detection from game.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136"
36643,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,138,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Twigs used in making whistles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138"
37534,3614,Scirpus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to make ceremonial bundles and images for image burning ceremony.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
37535,3614,Scirpus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,139,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant areas used by nesting water fowl and used as indicator by hunters of game.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139"
39028,3847,Suaeda sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,141,3,Other,106,Soap,Plant used in making soap.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141"
40816,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,142,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Used to trade with travelers passing through their territory.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142"
41189,4049,Typha latifolia L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,142,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stalks used in constructing ceremonial bundles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142"
43553,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leaves used to make images of the dead burned in the memorial rites.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
43554,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Seeds used as filling material for gourd rattles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
43555,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Stems used to make cooking utensils, spoons and stirring implements.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
43556,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stems used to make bows.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
43557,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,3,Other,17,Tools,Leaves used for flailing and hulling dried seeds.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
43558,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,145,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Leaves used to make children's play hoops.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145"
44207,4234,Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,150,3,Other,106,Soap,"Scraped, mashed roots and water used as soap.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"
44362,4244,Zea mays L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,153,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Sprinkled on images of the dead during mourning ceremonies.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 153"
376,15,Acacia greggii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,3,Other,37,Fuel,Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
476,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,3,Other,37,Fuel,Limbs used for house construction and considered good firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1492,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,3,Other,37,Fuel,Large roots used for firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1493,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood coals used as a favorite source for roasting.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1494,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches used to make arrows.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1495,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches used to make bows.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1496,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,3,Other,145,Lighting,Branches bound together and used for torches.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
1514,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,30,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Limbs used as a favorite firewood for roasting, giving a high intensity heat.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"
1515,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,30,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used for firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"
1516,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,30,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrow heads.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"
1766,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pounded leaves dried and made into netting used for ceremonial costumes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1767,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,3,Other,37,Fuel,Dried stalks used for firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1768,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Pounded leaves dried and made into bowstrings and snares.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1769,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Pounded leaves dried and made into saddle blankets.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1770,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,3,Other,17,Tools,Thorns used as awls in basket making.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1771,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,31,3,Other,17,Tools,Thorns used as tool for tattooing.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
4358,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Wood, provided a hot fire and long lasting coals, used for firewood.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4359,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant provided food for wild game and therefore a rich hunting opportunity.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4360,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4361,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Stems used to make pipes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4362,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,17,Tools,Stems used to make small tools.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4363,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make awl handles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4376,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Wood, provided a hot fire and long lasting coals, used for firewood.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4377,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant provided food for wild game and therefore a rich hunting opportunity.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4378,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4379,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Stems used to make pipes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4380,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,17,Tools,Stems used to make small tools.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4381,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make awl handles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4466,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Wood, provided a hot fire and long lasting coals, used for firewood.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4467,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant provided food for wild game and therefore a rich hunting opportunity.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4468,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4469,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Stems used to make pipes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4470,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,17,Tools,Stems used to make small tools.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4471,343,Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,40,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make awl handles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4977,387,Artemisia californica Less.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,42,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves chewed fresh or dried and smoked after mixing with tobacco and other leaves.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 42"
6175,441,Asclepias sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,43,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Stem cordage used to make nets, slings and snares to capture small game. The stem was pounded to loosen the fiber, which then was extracted by rubbing the stem between the palms of the hands.  The fiber was rolled on the thigh to produce cordage; its many uses testified to its natural strength and durability.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
6680,508,Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,45,3,Other,106,Soap,Crushed leaves and roots used as a soap and rubbed into articles for cleaning.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 45"
7616,650,Bursera microphylla Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,48,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,"Sap used by players of peon, a popular gambling game, to acquire 'power.'","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 48"
8675,817,Ceanothus sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,51,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used for firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 51"
25489,2746,Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex Gray) S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,52,3,Other,58,Protection,Trees large enough to shelter campers.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52"
25952,2824,Pentachaeta aurea Nutt.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,52,3,Other,38,Decorations,Pollen used as a cosmetic for women.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52"
9572,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9573,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,3,Other,58,Protection,"Tree usually comfortable to camp under, providing some shade for the desert dweller.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9574,912,Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,53,3,Other,17,Tools,Long limbs used as sticks to reach fruits and nuts too high to grasp by hand.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53"
9702,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,54,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Saponaceous material used as a stupefying agent and placed into streams to catch fish.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 54"
9703,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,54,3,Other,106,Soap,Crushed bulb used as soap.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 54"
11596,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,57,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Dried gourds used to make rattles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 57"
11597,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,57,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Dried gourds used to make ladles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 57"
11598,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,57,3,Other,106,Soap,Root and pepo (fruit) useful as a soap and bleach.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 57"
12143,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant offered a means of coming into contact with the sacred world.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12144,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Roots used to make a drink taken at rituals.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12145,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used ritually in male puberty ceremonies.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12146,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Vial of the plant carried for 'good luck.',"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12147,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used to smoke.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
14730,1607,Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,67,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Body of the plant used as a cooking vessel. The top was cut off of the cactus and the interior was dug out.  Water was then put into the depression and heated with hot stones.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67"
20086,2161,Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,69,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stems made into painted arrows and used in ceremonial dances.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69"
20087,2161,Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,69,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fire hardened stems used as the main shaft in arrowmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69"
20089,2161,Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve,128,Luiseno,31,bs72,69,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fire hardened stems used as the main shaft in arrowmaking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69"
14394,1569,Eschscholzia sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,73,3,Other,38,Decorations,Pollen used by women as a facial cosmetic.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 73"
14819,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,74,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74"
23823,2578,Nicotiana clevelandii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Used as an integral part of every ritual. Before a ritual was conducted, tobacco was smoked by the ritual leaders and shamans and the smoke was blown in the sacred directions:  north, east, west, south and up or center.  This helped to clear the area of any malevolent force which might interfere with the ritual.  Throughout ceremonies, especially those honoring the recent dead, everyone was obliged to smoke tobacco, as they are even today.  At funerals, smoking served to concentrate power that would aid the dead in their arduous journey to the other world.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23824,2578,Nicotiana clevelandii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Used by shamans to control rain, increase crop production, divining and improve health of community.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23825,2578,Nicotiana clevelandii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Used by shamans, at community gatherings, to drive away malevolent powers.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23826,2578,Nicotiana clevelandii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves smoked by travelers to clear away all danger and ensure blessing from spiritual guides.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23827,2578,Nicotiana clevelandii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23833,2579,Nicotiana glauca Graham,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Used as an integral part of every ritual. Before a ritual was conducted, tobacco was smoked by the ritual leaders and shamans and the smoke was blown in the sacred directions:  north, east, west, south and up or center.  This helped to clear the area of any malevolent force which might interfere with the ritual.  Throughout ceremonies, especially those honoring the recent dead, everyone was obliged to smoke tobacco, as they are even today.  At funerals, smoking served to concentrate power that would aid the dead in their arduous journey to the other world.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23834,2579,Nicotiana glauca Graham,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Used by shamans to control rain, increase crop production, divining and improve health of community.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23835,2579,Nicotiana glauca Graham,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Used by shamans, at community gatherings, to drive away malevolent powers.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23836,2579,Nicotiana glauca Graham,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves smoked by travelers to clear away all danger and ensure blessing from spiritual guides.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23837,2579,Nicotiana glauca Graham,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23850,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Used as an integral part of every ritual. Before a ritual was conducted, tobacco was smoked by the ritual leaders and shamans and the smoke was blown in the sacred directions:  north, east, west, south and up or center.  This helped to clear the area of any malevolent force which might interfere with the ritual.  Throughout ceremonies, especially those honoring the recent dead, everyone was obliged to smoke tobacco, as they are even today.  At funerals, smoking served to concentrate power that would aid the dead in their arduous journey to the other world.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23851,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Used by shamans to control rain, increase crop production, divining and improve health of community.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23852,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Used by shamans, at community gatherings, to drive away malevolent powers.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23853,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves smoked by travelers to clear away all danger and ensure blessing from spiritual guides.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
23854,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,90,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90"
24350,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,94,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94"
24351,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,94,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make implements requiring extreme hardness: throwing sticks and clubs.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94"
25837,2803,Penstemon centranthifolius Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,99,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used as decorations at funerals or church affairs.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 99"
4559,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,54,Cree,145,b41,485,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485"
11029,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,54,Cree,145,b41,485,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485"
12977,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,54,Cree,145,b41,485,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Seeds used to make beads.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485"
8226,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,16,3,Other,32,Containers,Seeds spread on saguaro ribs to dry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16"
44049,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,28,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Leaves tied to make a fastening loop for sandals.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 28"
28619,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,95,Hopi,58,bc41,33,3,Other,38,Decorations,Stems used to form the base of the coils for manufactured plaques.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 33"
43767,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,58,bc41,34,3,Other,38,Decorations,Shredded leaves used to make the packing for the spirals of a plaque.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43789,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,35,3,Other,167,Designs,Roots used to produce a red pattern in baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
44016,4227,Yucca brevifolia Engelm.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,35,3,Other,167,Designs,Roots used to make brown designs.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
44046,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,193,Pima,58,bc41,35,3,Other,32,Containers,Fibers made into carrying nets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
44269,4237,Yucca torreyi Shafer,10,Apache,58,bc41,35,3,Other,167,Designs,Roots used to produce a red pattern in baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
43890,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,58,bc41,36,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Stout leaves used as drumsticks.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 36"
43964,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,58,bc41,45,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Leaves baked in warm pit, chewed and fiber woven into fishing nets.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 45"
44045,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,193,Pima,58,bc41,46,3,Other,32,Containers,Cactus ribs bound together to form the frame for containers used to carry crops.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 46"
43788,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,51,3,Other,32,Containers,Thick portion of stalk used as hearth when making fire.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 51"
43791,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,51,3,Other,17,Tools,Stalk used to make fire drills.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 51"
44184,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,52,3,Other,17,Tools,Stalk used as a spindle in making fire by friction.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 52"
43957,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,53,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant suspended from a ring carried on the back of a god impersonator.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 53"
11329,1120,Cowania sp.,274,Walapai,58,bc41,54,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Bark made into a ring used in a hoop and pole game.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 54"
44183,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,54,3,Other,106,Soap,"Roots roasted, soaked in water, removed and soapy liquid used to wash hair and cloth.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 54"
43772,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,55,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Roots made into suds and used during marriage ceremonies. As part of the marriage ceremony, the groom's head was washed by his future mother-in-law, while that of the bride was washed by the bridegroom's mother.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 55"
43958,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,55,3,Other,106,Soap,Leaves pounded and used in washing.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 55"
43993,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,55,3,Other,106,Soap,"Roots pounded, made into suds in cold water and used for washing.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 55"
44182,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,55,3,Other,106,Soap,Leaves pounded and used in washing.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 55"
43918,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,58,bc41,56,3,Other,106,Soap,"Plant macerated, placed in water to form suds and used for washing hair.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 56"
43929,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,56,3,Other,106,Soap,"Plant macerated, placed in water to form suds and used for washing hair.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 56"
43974,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,58,bc41,56,3,Other,106,Soap,"Root, stem and leaves pounded and worked in water to form lather for washing hair and body.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 56"
43753,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,10,Apache,58,bc41,57,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots pounded and placed in water to form suds used in bathing and shampooing.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 57"
43790,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,57,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots pounded and placed in water to form suds used in bathing and shampooing.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 57"
42100,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,103,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Fruit gathered to eat and sell. Blueberries were probably the most highly regarded wild plant food in the study area.  They were locally abundant and individuals and families from bands not in the vicinity of good blueberry fields travelled considerable distances in order to pick berries for themselves and to sell.  During the course of field studies members of the River Desert band travelled northwest of their area ninety miles and more.  Members of the Weymontaching Cree band were met near Clova in the Obedjiwan band area.  They had travelled to this location by train in order to pick blueberries and meet with relatives.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 103"
41960,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries gathered and sold.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
42016,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries gathered and sold.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
10225,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,3,Other,38,Decorations,Grown as an ornamental vine for houses and verandas.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
11082,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Twisted branches used to make fish nets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
11083,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark dried and mixed with tobacco as a substitute for kinnikinnick.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
11394,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used for making 'camas sticks' for digging these and other roots.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
14652,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used to make a yellow paint.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
15312,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,238,Sioux,73,b05,12,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for bows.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
20410,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Bark fibers used in fish nets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
23433,2523,Morchella sp.,60,Crow,73,b05,16,3,Other,106,Soap,Used as a substitute for soap.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16"
23872,2583,Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,16,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used in compound for smoking and the delicate tobacco from flower was never chewed.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16"
26384,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,17,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stems used for making arrows.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17"
26601,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,17,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Hard, hollow culms used for arrow shafts and in making baskets.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17"
26602,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,17,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,"Hard, hollow culms used for pipe stems.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17"
27981,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,18,3,Other,17,Tools,Twigs used for twirling sticks in fire production.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"
29174,3094,Populus angustifolia James,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29175,3094,Populus angustifolia James,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29217,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29218,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29388,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29389,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29634,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29635,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
30920,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,19,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Straight shoots used to make arrow shafts.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
36563,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,23,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used as a twirling stick in fire making.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"
39138,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,24,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Slender twigs used for arrow shafts.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 24"
39509,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,24,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for making bows.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 24"
40101,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood made into floats for fish nets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
41035,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,25,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Bark used for tanning.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"
443,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,5,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young twigs used for making fishnet hoops.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5"
2442,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Bark used for tanning.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
3001,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,6,3,Other,98,Weapon,Very hard and tough wood used for making arrows and ramrods.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
4604,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,7,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
5662,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,7,3,Other,17,Tools,Dead twigs used for a twirling stick in fire making.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
6226,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,7,3,Other,17,Tools,'Milk' from the broken stems used in cases of emergency for branding stock temporarily.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
7201,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,76,Flathead,73,b05,8,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark used to line sacks and stiffen them into baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8"
7439,608,Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,8,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,"Plant used to foretell winter, one fruit spike-mild winter and more fruit spikes-severe winter.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8"
8905,841,Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,9,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Hard, enduring wood used for making fish spear heads.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9"
8906,841,Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,9,3,Other,17,Tools,"Hard, enduring wood used for making 'camas sticks.'","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9"
40050,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,8,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used for making utensils.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8"
40051,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,8,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used for making implements.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8"
29098,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Fronds used to line earth ovens.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
31449,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,3,Other,32,Containers,Fronds used to line acorn-leaching pits and earth ovens.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
31450,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,50,Costanoan,16,b84,247,3,Other,58,Protection,Fronds used as sunshades.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"
11264,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for arrow shafts.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
32437,3289,Quercus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used for bowls and mortars.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
32438,3289,Quercus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark used as tinder.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
39455,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
1499,66,Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for arrow foreshafts.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
9468,897,Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,106,Soap,Scraped roots and water used to produce detergent foam.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
11485,1145,Croton setigerus Hook.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Pounded roots thrown into freshwater pools or dammed streams to stupefy fish.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
28600,3018,Platanus racemosa Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to wrap bread during baking.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
30436,3170,Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for bows.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
35790,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,37,Fuel,Twigs used for kindling.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
41617,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Burning leaf smoke used to drive ground squirrels from burrows.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
41618,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves hung in bunches to freshen air.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
41620,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Burning leaf smoke used to rid one of fleas.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
8682,817,Ceanothus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,250,3,Other,106,Soap,Decoction used as a detergent.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250"
15224,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,250,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves placed in sandals as a snake repellent.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250"
43216,4143,Vicia nigricans ssp. gigantea (Hook.) Lassetter & Gunn.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,250,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Foliage used as camouflage during deer hunting.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250"
22389,2413,Marah macrocarpus (Greene) Greene,50,Costanoan,16,b84,251,3,Other,106,Soap,Root used to make detergent lather.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251"
40441,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,50,Costanoan,16,b84,251,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to wrap bread.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251"
5058,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,3,Other,145,Lighting,Burned branches used as torches during night fishing.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
5059,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,3,Other,17,Tools,Burned branches used to smoke bees from nests.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
5123,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,3,Other,145,Lighting,Burned branches used as torches during night fishing.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
16737,1845,Hemizonia corymbosa (DC.) Torr. & Gray,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Foliage burned to drive ground squirrels from burrows.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
36505,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,3,Other,37,Fuel,Hollow twigs used in fire making.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
36506,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Hollow twigs used for arrowshafts.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
36507,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Hollow twigs used for flutes.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
36508,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,50,Costanoan,16,b84,254,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Hollow twigs used for pipes.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
7455,611,Bouteloua sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Hollow stems used as straws.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
9708,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Bulbs produced a detergent foam used as fish poison.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
9709,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,3,Other,106,Soap,Bulbs produced a detergent foam used in washing.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
37540,3614,Scirpus sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,255,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Hollow stems made into pipes.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"
16543,1816,Helenium puberulum DC.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,26,3,Other,203,Snuff,"Dried, powdered plant used as a snuff to induce sneezing.","Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26"
41619,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,7,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Burning leaf smoke used to rid one of fleas.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 7"
14374,1567,Eschscholzia californica Cham.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,9,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Decoction of flowers rubbed into the hair to kill lice.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 9"
1861,96,Agave sp.,157,Navajo,195,b65,91,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to line the baking pits.,"Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 91"
1862,96,Agave sp.,157,Navajo,195,b65,94,3,Other,17,Tools,Sharp pointed leaf tips used to make basketry awls.,"Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 94"
32242,3271,Quercus laurifolia Michx.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,3,Other,26,Paint,"Bark, red oak and live oak boiled and used for paint.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
32520,3291,Quercus texana Buckl.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,3,Other,26,Paint,"Bark, post oak and live oak boiled and used for paint.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
32558,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,3,Other,26,Paint,"Bark, red oak and post oak boiled and used for paint.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
5923,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,18,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used to make blowguns and darts.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 18"
8281,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves 'scattered about to drive away fleas.',"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
1794,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,38,Decorations,Juice used by young girls to daub on their cheeks.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1795,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,26,Paint,Juice covering pit stones after baking used to paint stripes on buckskin.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1796,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,17,Tools,Stalk fashioned into hoe handles.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1797,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,98,Weapon,Stalk used for a lance shaft.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1825,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,38,Decorations,Juice used by young girls to daub on their cheeks.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1826,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,38,Decorations,Juice used by young girls to daub on their cheeks.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1827,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,26,Paint,Juice covering pit stones after baking used to paint stripes on buckskin.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1828,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,26,Paint,Juice covering pit stones after baking used to paint stripes on buckskin.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1829,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,17,Tools,Stalk fashioned into hoe handles.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1830,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,17,Tools,Stalk fashioned into hoe handles.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1831,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,98,Weapon,Stalk used for a lance shaft.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1832,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,98,Weapon,Stalk used for a lance shaft.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
29972,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Pitch used to attach arrow points to shafts.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
29973,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used for firewood.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
8147,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Whole fruit mashed, water added and mixture drunk after a two day burial in a dry place. The drink was consumed immediately after the two-day burial and said to be better than tiswin.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8148,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,3,Other,32,Containers,Burls used as containers.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8149,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Burls used as vessels or cups.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
24010,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used as soap.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
43806,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used as soap.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
24008,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Dried leaves fashioned into spoons.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
24009,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,3,Other,58,Protection,Grass used as wrapping material for foods to be transported or stored.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
24044,2592,Nolina sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,3,Other,106,Soap,Crowns and bases of leaves pounded together and mixed with water to make soap.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
44035,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,3,Other,38,Decorations,Red roots used in basket decorations.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
44036,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used for soap.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
27542,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used to waterproof baskets.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27790,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used to waterproof baskets.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
19078,2063,Juniperus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,3,Other,145,Lighting,Dried bark made into a torch.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
37354,3600,Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium,48,Comanche,147,cj40,520,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bundles of stems used as switches in the sweat lodge.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 520"
8833,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,521,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make game sticks.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521"
10816,1090,Cornus asperifolia Michx.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,521,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stems used to make arrow shafts.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521"
11322,1115,Coryphantha sp.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,521,3,Other,98,Weapon,Spines used to punish unfaithful wives.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521"
11479,1143,Croton monanthogynus Michx.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,521,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Leaves mixed with animal brains and used for tanning.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521"
21739,2355,Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,522,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches used to make bows.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522"
32307,3274,Quercus marilandica Muenchh.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Leaves used as cigarette wrappers.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
32928,3347,Rhus glabra L.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves added to tobacco for smoking.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
37119,3584,Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L. Benson,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stems used to make arrows for aratsi game.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
38168,3707,Smilax bona-nox L.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Leaves used as cigarette wrappers.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
38526,3757,Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. ex DC.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Beans used as ornaments, possibly for ceremonial purposes.","Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
44202,4233,Yucca louisianensis Trel.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used as soap.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
7160,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,27,Carrier,134,c73,67,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Inner bark made into dishes and used for processing fish, picking berries and to eat with.","Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"
27055,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,27,Carrier,134,c73,69,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood made into drying poles and used for smoking and drying meat.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69"
328,8,Abies sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,70,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Rotten wood used to smoke and tan skins.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70"
2620,174,Alnus sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,72,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make fish nets.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 72"
4530,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,134,c73,74,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves and stems used to smoke.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74"
34784,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,27,Carrier,134,c73,74,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to dry berries on.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74"
9478,898,Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi,27,Carrier,134,c73,83,3,Other,26,Paint,Berries used as red paint.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 83"
5510,404,Artemisia sp.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in ceremonial contexts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 24"
7454,611,Bouteloua sp.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in ceremonial contexts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 24"
16358,1787,Gutierrezia sp.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in ceremonial contexts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 24"
32413,3289,Quercus sp.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,35,3,Other,17,Tools,Branches used to dig out crowns of the mescal plants.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 35"
2684,179,Alopecurus aequalis var. aequalis,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,32,Containers,Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
3293,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,32,Containers,Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
7419,606,Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,32,Containers,Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
19067,2063,Juniperus sp.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used to heat cooking stones.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
23518,2540,Muhlenbergia pauciflora Buckl.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,32,Containers,Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
23546,2545,Muhlenbergia wrightii Vasey ex Coult.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,32,Containers,Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
24003,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,32,Containers,Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
32412,3289,Quercus sp.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used on fire to heat cooking stones.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
37352,3599,Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,32,Containers,Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
38769,3804,Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,32,Containers,Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
41174,4049,Typha latifolia L.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,36,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pollen sprinkled as a cross onto largest mescal crown.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"
3294,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,39,3,Other,32,Containers,Used to cover fruit and allow ripening.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39"
3292,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,40,3,Other,32,Containers,Grass used under fruit when drying.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 40"
7605,643,Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'H‚r. ex Vent.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,54,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Seeds worn around the neck in a string during ceremonies.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 54"
8181,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,15,3,Other,17,Tools,Giant ribs split in two and used as wooden tongs for gathering cholla joints and buds.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15"
30116,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,15,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used to heat stones for baking cholla buds and joints.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15"
39020,3846,Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene,188,Papago,27,cu35,15,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used to line baking pits for roasting chollas.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15"
1744,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Pit baked, kept in jars and traded as a delicacy.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
19442,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,188,Papago,27,cu35,17,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used for a drinking and eating vessel.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17"
2301,164,Allium unifolium Kellogg,188,Papago,27,cu35,18,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Bulbs traded for baskets, skins or pottery.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 18"
386,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,3,Other,17,Tools,Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
19683,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,3,Other,17,Tools,Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
11327,1119,Coursetia glandulosa Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,21,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Transparent, yellowish-brown gum mixed with adobe and used to make jars of syrup air tight.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 21"
38877,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Pulp boiled with water, strained, boiled again and used as a ceremonial drink.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
8176,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Ribs made into a drying rack for datil fruit.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
23861,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried and smoked.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
26615,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Six inch stems used as smoking tubes.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
24361,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,31,3,Other,17,Tools,Four foot sticks with sharp points used as digging sticks.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 31"
30118,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,32,3,Other,17,Tools,"Two foot long, sword shaped slabs sharpened and used as weed hoes.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 32"
30114,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,35,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Green sticks used to turn roasting ears of corn.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 35"
23862,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,188,Papago,27,cu35,36,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves half or fully dried and smoked.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 36"
23986,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,36,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves half or fully dried and smoked.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 36"
19682,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,37,3,Other,58,Protection,Branches stuck in the ground to shade tobacco plants.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37"
24855,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,37,3,Other,58,Protection,Used between fence posts to protect tobacco plants from marauding animals.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37"
30117,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,37,3,Other,58,Protection,Posts used to make a fence to protect tobacco plants from marauding animals.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37"
383,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,40,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fitted around deer hunters' heads and used in sizing deer head disguises.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 40"
19680,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,42,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows for hunting small animals.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 42"
8177,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,43,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Ribs split, made into rough cages and used to trap gambel quail and morning doves.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 43"
8180,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,17,Tools,Four needles tied in a row and used as piercing instruments for tattooing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
14826,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,17,Tools,Thorns used to pierce the ears of both sexes.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
19678,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,38,Decorations,Charcoal used in tattooing as a permanent greenish blue color.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
44161,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Fiber used to tie saguaro needles together.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
44162,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Used to bind women's hair over their foreheads while racing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
44163,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,106,Soap,"Roots dried, pulverized, mixed with water and the suds used for washing the hair.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
384,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,52,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Buds and blossoms dried and used by women as perfume sachets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 52"
11627,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,188,Papago,27,cu35,52,3,Other,106,Soap,"Fruits dried, grated into soapy water and used to bleach clothes.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 52"
8185,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,3,Other,17,Tools,Ribs used to make several kinds of light tools.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
1745,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,54,3,Other,32,Containers,Two-ply fiber formerly used to make carrying nets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 54"
14825,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,54,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flexible rods used as the basis of ceremonial structures representing clouds or mountains.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 54"
13098,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,"Gumlike secretions formerly smeared on tall, slender water bottles.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
19687,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make handles for basketry awls.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
28647,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,3,Other,17,Tools,Used as a spindle for spinning cotton.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
19684,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,60,3,Other,17,Tools,Smooth sticks used as the shuttles in weaving cotton.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60"
24362,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,60,3,Other,17,Tools,Wooden stakes driven into the ground and used for weaving cotton.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60"
1783,92,Agave lechuguilla Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Fibers and the cordage made from them bartered with the Pimas for blankets and cotton.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
8183,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,62,3,Other,17,Tools,Ribs used as the larger of the two pieces of twisters used to make rope.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 62"
19686,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,62,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used as the smaller of the two pieces of twisters used to make rope.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 62"
8178,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,68,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Ribs with shallow, close-spaced notches used as soft rattles for certain songs.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68"
19443,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,188,Papago,27,cu35,68,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Fruits dried, freed of seeds and pulp and used as rattles.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68"
19681,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,68,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood thrust through gourd rattles and used as the handles.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68"
24360,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,68,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Concave sticks with far-spaced, deep notches used as loud rattles for scraping stick songs.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68"
30115,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,68,3,Other,57,Fasteners,'Gum' used to fasten handles to gourds.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68"
385,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,3,Other,17,Tools,Curved rods used for fleshing and dehairing animal skins.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
387,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,3,Other,17,Tools,Stems peeled of bark and thorns and used to beat sheep hides to make them more pliable.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
8184,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,3,Other,17,Tools,Ribs used for the handles of skin scrapers.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
19685,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,3,Other,17,Tools,Stakes used to stake out sheep hides so they can be made more pliable.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
8182,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,70,3,Other,17,Tools,Perforations bored in sticks and used to smooth rough cords.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70"
21416,2315,Lycium fremontii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,70,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70"
23475,2530,Morus microphylla Buckl.,188,Papago,27,cu35,70,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Long shoots peeled of bark, laid in hot ashes, dried and used as bows.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70"
6804,536,Baccharis sarothroides Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make stone-tipped hunting arrows.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
6805,536,Baccharis sarothroides Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,98,Weapon,Wood used to make stone-tipped war arrows.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
13097,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,57,Fasteners,'Gum' used to fasten arrow points to the slit ends of arrow twigs.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
19679,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Twigs cut, peeled, straightened, dried, split and used as the foreshafts of hunting arrows.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
19688,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,98,Weapon,"Twigs cut green, peeled, straightened, dried, split and used as the foreshafts of war arrows.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
37121,3584,Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L. Benson,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make stone-tipped hunting arrows.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
37122,3584,Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L. Benson,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,98,Weapon,Wood used to make stone-tipped hunting arrows.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
8190,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,14,3,Other,17,Tools,Trunks used to make cactus fruit picking poles.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 14"
38885,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,34,3,Other,145,Lighting,Used to make torches.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 34"
25274,2724,Pachycereus pringlei (S. Wats.) Britt. & Rose,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,37,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Ribs used as shafts for fish spears.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 37"
38886,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,7,3,Other,26,Paint,Fruit used to make ink.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 7"
23863,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,188,Papago,160,cb42,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 108"
23864,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,193,Pima,160,cb42,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 108"
23987,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 108"
23988,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,193,Pima,160,cb42,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 108"
23749,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,95,Hopi,160,cb42,109,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 109"
23790,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,188,Papago,160,cb42,109,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 109"
23791,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,193,Pima,160,cb42,109,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 109"
23858,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,95,Hopi,160,cb42,109,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 109"
23989,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,193,Pima,160,cb42,110,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 110"
23940,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,193,Pima,160,cb42,111,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 111"
8179,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,160,cb42,59,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Saguaro harvest marked the beginning of the new year.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 59"
8211,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,160,cb42,59,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Saguaro harvest marked the beginning of the new year.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 59"
26337,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,65,Diegueno,125,cb51,108,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant grown and traded to the Cocopa Indians.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 108"
26352,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,109,Kiliwa,125,cb51,108,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant grown and traded to the Cocopa Indians.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 108"
26361,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,182,Paipai,125,cb51,108,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant grown and traded to the Cocopa Indians.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 108"
11659,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,113,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Seeds used to tan hides.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 113"
19410,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,115,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Fruit made into a rattle and used to provide rhythm for singing and dancing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 115"
19431,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,147,Mohave,125,cb51,115,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Fruit made into a rattle and used to provide rhythm for singing and dancing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 115"
19449,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,288,Yuma,125,cb51,115,3,Other,32,Containers,"Fruit contents removed, shells cleaned and dried and used as water and food containers.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 115"
19450,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,288,Yuma,125,cb51,115,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Fruit made into a rattle and used to provide rhythm for singing and dancing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 115"
23860,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,147,Mohave,125,cb51,120,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Wild tobacco smoked.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 120"
23865,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,288,Yuma,125,cb51,120,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Wild tobacco smoked.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 120"
26575,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,122,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Tubular internodes used to smoke tobacco.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 122"
26598,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,136,Maricopa,125,cb51,122,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Tubular internodes used to smoke tobacco.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 122"
26637,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,288,Yuma,125,cb51,122,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Tubular stalk internodes used to smoke tobacco.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 122"
15981,1749,Glaucothea armata O. F. Cook,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,187,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Seeds used in gourd rattles.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"
32521,3292,Quercus turbinella Greene,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,187,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Acorns gathered and traded with the Paipai for wild sheep skins.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"
43560,4190,Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl.,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,187,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Seeds used in gourd rattles.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"
1773,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,202,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Baked crowns obtained from Paipai and Diegueno in trade for agricultural products.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 202"
35579,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,44,Cocopa,125,cb51,207,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Tubers used in gambling games.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 207"
14749,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,288,Yuma,125,cb51,222,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Spines heated and bent to make fishing hooks.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 222"
1710,86,Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders,193,Pima,19,c35,10,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Obtained by barter from the Papago Indians.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1749,89,Agave americana L.,193,Pima,19,c35,10,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Obtained by barter from the Papago Indians.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1837,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,193,Pima,19,c35,10,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Obtained by barter from the Papago Indians.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
29394,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,193,Pima,19,c35,23,3,Other,32,Containers,Used moistened to line pits for roasting saltbush overnight.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 23"
39003,3844,Suaeda arborescens,193,Pima,19,c35,23,3,Other,32,Containers,Used moistened with cottonwood to line pits for roasting saltbush overnight.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 23"
39002,3844,Suaeda arborescens,193,Pima,19,c35,36,3,Other,32,Containers,Layer of plant used to cover the embers in a baking pit.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 36"
27625,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,157,Navajo,19,c35,40,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Seeds gathered in large quantities and sold or traded.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40"
27673,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,40,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Seeds gathered in large quantities and sold or traded.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40"
27675,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,249,Spanish American,19,c35,40,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Seeds gathered in large quantities and sold or traded.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40"
43669,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,193,Pima,19,c35,45,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used in roasting pits as containers for beans.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45"
13469,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,272,Ute,142,c09,34,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Used by children as whistles.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 34"
2963,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,79,Gosiute,38,c11,361,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make arrows.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 361"
5623,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,363,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used as a covering over berries and other foods preserved in caches.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 363"
5624,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,363,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used to produce fire by friction.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 363"
8896,841,Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,365,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 365"
11044,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,79,Gosiute,38,c11,366,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark smoked as a tobacco.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366"
13359,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,368,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Used by children as whistles.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 368"
18851,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,79,Gosiute,38,c11,372,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark used to line and cover the fruit storing pits.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372"
38656,3773,Sphaeralcea coccinea ssp. coccinea,79,Gosiute,38,c11,374,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant pounded in water into a gummy paste & applied over the rough inner surfaces of earthen dishes.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 374"
38675,3779,Sphaeralcea munroana (Dougl. ex Lindl.) Spach ex Gray,79,Gosiute,38,c11,374,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant pounded in water into a gummy paste & applied over the rough inner surfaces of earthen dishes.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 374"
23745,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,375,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried and smoked.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 375"
32938,3347,Rhus glabra L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,379,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves formerly used to smoke.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"
35653,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make baskets and water jugs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35654,3518,Salix amygdaloides Anderss.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make fish weirs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35910,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make baskets and water jugs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35911,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make fish weirs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35964,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make baskets and water jugs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
35965,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make fish weirs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
36049,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make baskets and water jugs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
36050,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,380,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make fish weirs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"
37606,3631,Sedum debile S. Wats.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,381,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves formerly used to smoke.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381"
37988,3680,Silene menziesii Hook.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,381,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried leaves powdered and formerly used to smoke as a tobacco.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381"
41990,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,384,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves formerly dried and used as a tobacco.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384"
39508,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,305,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Formerly used to make the strongest bows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305"
39525,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,197,Pit River,89,c02,305,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Formerly sold to the Ukiah Indians.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305"
40414,3966,Torreya californica Torr.,200,Pomo,89,c02,305,3,Other,17,Tools,"Rigid, sharp-pointed leaves formerly used as needles to prick pitch soot into the skin in tattooing.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305"
7697,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,306,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Dense leaflets used to prevent sand from mixing with the meal in leaching acorn meal.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 306"
7699,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,306,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Small limbs used as bows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 306"
27973,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,307,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Pitch used for the adhesive qualities.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
27974,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,307,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
28126,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,307,3,Other,38,Decorations,Pitch burned and the resulting soot used for tattooing.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
28127,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,307,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Logs formerly hollowed out by fire and used as drums for dances.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
28141,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,200,Pomo,89,c02,307,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Pitch exudations used to fasten feathers on arrows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
28158,2975,Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.,287,Yuki,89,c02,307,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Formerly used like a glue to hold feathers on the body in times of war.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"
31193,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,309,3,Other,145,Lighting,Small branches used as torches in fishing.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309"
9724,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,319,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Fresh, green leaves used to cover acorn bread dough while cooking.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
9725,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,319,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Outer portion of the bulbs made into small brushes and used for grinding acorns.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
9726,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,319,3,Other,38,Decorations,Green leaves formerly pricked into the skin to form tattoo marks.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
9727,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,319,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Bulbs roasted and the juice used as a substitute for glue in attaching feathers to arrows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
9728,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,319,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Bulbs formerly mashed, stirred in rivers and used as a poison to stupefy fish and eels.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
9729,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,319,3,Other,26,Paint,"Juice diluted, smeared over the back of a bow and soot applied to produce a permanent black color.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"
11492,1145,Croton setigerus Hook.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,321,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used as a poison to stupefy fish.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 321"
18015,2008,Iris douglasiana Herbert,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,330,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Leaf edges made into nets and ropes used to make snares for catching deer.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 330"
29483,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,330,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used occasionally for fuel.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 330"
35841,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,270,Ukiah,89,c02,331,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Large limbs used to make weirs for catching fish.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"
35842,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,270,Ukiah,89,c02,331,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Straight wands made into arrows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"
35943,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,331,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Inner bark portions dried, powdered and used as substitutes for chewing tobacco.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"
35947,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,331,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"
35948,3536,Salix lasiolepis Benth.,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,331,3,Other,58,Protection,Trees planted in circles and used to protect the dancers from the sun and wind.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"
2474,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,332,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for tinder.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332"
2475,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,332,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young shoots used to make arrows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332"
11282,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,333,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wands made into baskets and used as salmon traps.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 333"
7698,667,Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin,214,Round Valley Indian,89,c02,337,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leafy branches used to spread water gently over acorn meal.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 337"
7826,692,Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn.,285,Yokia,89,c02,348,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Pithy shoots used to make arrows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 348"
41643,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,349,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves used for fleas.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349"
26415,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,273,Wailaki,89,c02,352,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Older, less pithy wood formerly used to make bows.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352"
26416,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,273,Wailaki,89,c02,352,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Young, very pithy shoots used to make arrows.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352"
26417,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,287,Yuki,89,c02,352,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Older, less pithy wood formerly used to make bows.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352"
26419,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,287,Yuki,89,c02,352,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Young, very pithy shoots used to make arrows.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352"
8978,843,Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,354,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood formerly used to make arrow tips.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354"
8979,843,Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,354,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood formerly used to make tools for digging Indian potatoes and worms out of the ground.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354"
8980,843,Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,354,3,Other,98,Weapon,Large sticks used for war spears and fighting clubs.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354"
2987,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,355,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355"
11422,1130,Crataegus rivularis Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,355,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355"
17303,1901,Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,358,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Root fibers used to make hunting bags.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 358"
43191,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,362,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Small bunch of roots kept in the pocket for good luck while gambling.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 362"
11491,1145,Croton setigerus Hook.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,363,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Bruised leaves used as a substitute for soaproot to poison fish and make them easier to catch.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 363"
40454,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,364,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Fresh leaves formerly used to wrap up acorn meal for baking.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 364"
40455,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,364,3,Other,38,Decorations,Black juice used to apply temporary tattoo marks onto the skin.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 364"
538,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,273,Wailaki,89,c02,365,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Bark cut into one-inch bands, fastened together into a roll and used to catch deer.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365"
1614,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,366,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used as twirling sticks for making fire by friction.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
8630,808,Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,367,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Brushes used to build fish dams.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 367"
3565,267,Angelica sp.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,370,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Carried about the person for good luck in gambling or hunting.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 370"
12087,1239,Datisca glomerata (K. Presl) Baill.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,370,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Leaves and roots used to kill trout.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 370"
12269,1246,Daucus pusillus Michx.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,372,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Used as a talisman in gambling.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 372"
37071,3576,Sanicula crassicaulis Poepp. ex DC.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,373,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,"Roots chewed, rubbed on the body and used for good luck in gambling.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 373"
4204,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,374,3,Other,38,Decorations,Leaves and scarlet berries used for decorative purposes.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"
4205,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,374,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Wood used to make stirrups.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"
4206,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,374,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make saw handles and other tools.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"
4402,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,375,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as an exceedingly fine fuel.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
4411,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,200,Pomo,89,c02,375,3,Other,106,Soap,Leaves boiled and the yellowish red extract used as a cleansing body wash.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
4415,337,Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry,285,Yokia,89,c02,375,3,Other,32,Containers,Two V-shaped branches used to carry wood on the back.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
3825,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,378,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Inner bark used to make nets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"
12638,1320,Dodecatheon hendersonii Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,378,3,Other,38,Decorations,Flowers used by women as ornaments for dances.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"
15231,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,378,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make handles and small tools.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"
15232,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,378,3,Other,120,Walking Sticks,Wood used to make canes.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"
15234,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,287,Yuki,89,c02,378,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used for fuel.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"
15235,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,287,Yuki,89,c02,378,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Used to make tobacco pipes.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"
28716,3034,Pogogyne douglasii ssp. parviflora (Benth.) J.T. Howell,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,384,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used for fleas.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 384"
40555,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,49,Concow,89,c02,385,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fresh leaves mashed and used as a fish poison.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 385"
40578,3995,Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.,170,Numlaki,89,c02,385,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fresh leaves mashed and used as a fish poison.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 385"
23905,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,386,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Light green leaves used for smoking.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 386"
36547,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,3,Other,37,Fuel,Pith formerly used as a combustible material for starting fires.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
36548,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,3,Other,37,Fuel,Soft wood used as a twirling stick to make fire by friction.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
36549,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Pithless wood used for flutes and other dance instruments.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
36550,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,388,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Pithless wood used to make 'squirt guns' and whistles.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
39123,3850,Symphoricarpos albus var. albus,285,Yokia,89,c02,389,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Medium-sized branches used to make first-rate arrows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 389"
22403,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,390,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Roots formerly used as fish poison.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 390"
6787,533,Baccharis pilularis DC.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,393,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Light and pithy wood formerly used for arrows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 393"
3161,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,95,Hopi,82,c74,284,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to make pahos (prayer sticks).,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 284"
3162,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,95,Hopi,82,c74,284,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used to make bows and arrows.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 284"
4742,361,Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownbey,95,Hopi,82,c74,285,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to whip children during initiation.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 285"
4862,371,Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey,95,Hopi,82,c74,286,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in ceremonials.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 286"
4863,371,Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey,95,Hopi,82,c74,286,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plant used to decorate the faces of the female kachina.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 286"
5036,393,Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth.,95,Hopi,82,c74,287,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to make prayer sticks.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 287"
5211,396,Artemisia filifolia Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,288,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for ritualistic purposes.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 288"
5221,396,Artemisia filifolia Torr.,257,Tewa,82,c74,288,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for ritualistic purposes.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 288"
5271,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,95,Hopi,82,c74,289,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to make pahos (prayer sticks).,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 289"
6620,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,292,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to make pahos (prayer sticks).,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 292"
6649,503,Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.,257,Tewa,82,c74,292,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to make pahos (prayer sticks).,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 292"
21974,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,95,Hopi,82,c74,294,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Yellow root and leaves used for ceremonial purposes in the Home Dance. The yellow root is the most important part.  The leaf is sometimes used to represent a mountain lion's paw.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 294"
7756,677,Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,295,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Yellow flower used ceremonially. In the spring, the flower is collected in quantity together with larkspur.  Boys holding handfuls of these two plants above their heads are chased by the girls upon certain occasions.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 295"
7639,659,Calamovilfa gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,296,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to make a carrying case for a part of the wedding garments.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 296"
7640,659,Calamovilfa gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,296,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to make prayer sticks.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 296"
7641,659,Calamovilfa gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,296,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plumes used to decorate mask of kachina.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 296"
7642,659,Calamovilfa gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,296,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used to make bows and arrows.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 296"
8481,788,Castilleja linariifolia Benth.,95,Hopi,82,c74,297,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used ceremonially as the 'Red Flower' associated with the southeast direction.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 297"
8484,788,Castilleja linariifolia Benth.,95,Hopi,82,c74,297,3,Other,26,Paint,"Root and juniper bark chewed, mixed with white clay and used as ceremonial paint.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 297"
8495,788,Castilleja linariifolia Benth.,257,Tewa,82,c74,297,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used ceremonially as the 'Red Flower' associated with the southeast direction.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 297"
8496,788,Castilleja linariifolia Benth.,257,Tewa,82,c74,297,3,Other,26,Paint,"Root and juniper bark chewed, mixed with white clay and used as ceremonial paint.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 297"
8971,843,Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin,95,Hopi,82,c74,298,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make pahos (prayersticks).,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 298"
8972,843,Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin,95,Hopi,82,c74,298,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make implements.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 298"
8892,840,Cercocarpus intricatus S. Wats.,95,Hopi,82,c74,299,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used during mid-winter ceremonial to make prayer sticks.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 299"
8893,840,Cercocarpus intricatus S. Wats.,257,Tewa,82,c74,299,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used during mid-winter ceremonial to make prayer sticks.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 299"
9494,899,Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats.,95,Hopi,82,c74,300,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves packed around yucca fruit when baked in earth oven.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 300"
9803,935,Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,302,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for ceremonies.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 302"
9804,935,Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,302,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Plant used for roasting corn.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 302"
13653,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,95,Hopi,82,c74,303,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used on the Po-wa-mu altar and used in Caquol ceremony.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 303"
13654,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,95,Hopi,82,c74,303,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to weave the wedding belt.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 303"
13655,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,95,Hopi,82,c74,303,3,Other,38,Decorations,Stems used to make wicker plaques.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 303"
13656,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,95,Hopi,82,c74,303,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stems used to make arrows.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 303"
31651,3230,Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson,95,Hopi,82,c74,304,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used ceremonially on the Po-wa-mu altar.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 304"
12289,1250,Delphinium geraniifolium Rydb.,95,Hopi,82,c74,307,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used ceremonially.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 307"
12309,1257,Delphinium scaposum Greene,95,Hopi,82,c74,308,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used ceremonially.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 308"
12379,1273,Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata,95,Hopi,82,c74,310,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used in the preparation of pottery paint.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 310"
12534,1303,Dimorphocarpa wislizeni (Engelm.) Rollins,95,Hopi,82,c74,311,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Plant, a powerful irritant, placed in armpit as a practical joke.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 311"
19338,2080,Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.D.J. Meeuse & Smit,95,Hopi,82,c74,317,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used in ceremonials to produce steam.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 317"
19354,2080,Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.D.J. Meeuse & Smit,257,Tewa,82,c74,317,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used in ceremonials to produce steam.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 317"
14713,1605,Fendlera rupicola Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,318,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used in religious ceremonies.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 318"
14801,1626,Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens,95,Hopi,82,c74,319,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used to make pahos (prayer sticks).,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 319"
14802,1626,Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens,95,Hopi,82,c74,319,3,Other,17,Tools,Used for digging stick.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 319"
17918,1996,Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata,95,Hopi,82,c74,321,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plant used for decoration.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 321"
16266,1785,Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,323,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used in roasting sweet corn.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 323"
16267,1785,Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,323,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used as paho (prayer stick) decorations.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 323"
16271,1785,Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) Gray,257,Tewa,82,c74,323,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used in roasting sweet corn.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 323"
16272,1785,Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) Gray,257,Tewa,82,c74,323,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used as paho (prayer stick) decorations.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 323"
16667,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,324,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Dried petals ground and mixed with corn meal to make yellow face powder for women's basket dance.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 324"
16669,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,324,3,Other,38,Decorations,Whole plant used in the decoration of flute priests in the Flute ceremony.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 324"
16670,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,324,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Amount of flowers present used as a sign that there will be copious rains and abundant harvest.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 324"
28620,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,325,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used to make plaques.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 325"
28625,3022,Pleuraphis jamesii Torr.,257,Tewa,82,c74,325,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used to make plaques.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 325"
17596,1950,Hymenoxys cooperi (Gray) Cockerell,95,Hopi,82,c74,329,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used for peach tree pahos (prayer sticks).,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 329"
18628,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Branches used in the kachina dances.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18629,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Charcoal of plant, chewed melon seeds and water used to make a ceremonial body paint.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18630,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Boiled branch used as wash by men returning from burying a corpse.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18631,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Twigs used to separate corn dumplings while boiling.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18632,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,3,Other,38,Decorations,Seeds strung for beads.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18633,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood and tinder.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18634,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,3,Other,181,Malicious Charm,Plant used to do away with evil spirits after a death.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18635,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,3,Other,17,Tools,Used as a rake for clearing brush from the fields.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18636,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,95,Hopi,82,c74,330,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Berries used in rattles.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18741,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Branches used in the kachina dances.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18742,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Charcoal of plant, chewed melon seeds and water used to make a ceremonial body paint.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18743,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Boiled branch used as wash by men returning from burying a corpse.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18744,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Twigs used to separate corn dumplings while boiling.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18745,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,3,Other,38,Decorations,Seeds strung for beads.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18747,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood and tinder.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18750,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,3,Other,181,Malicious Charm,Plant used to do away with evil spirits after a death.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18751,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,3,Other,17,Tools,Used as a rake for clearing brush from the fields.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
18752,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,82,c74,330,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Berries used in rattles.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"
21434,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,95,Hopi,82,c74,332,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Whole shrub used in Niman kachina dance.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 332"
21352,2302,Lupinus pusillus Pursh,95,Hopi,82,c74,333,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Juice used as holy water in the Po-wa-mu ceremony.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 333"
23046,2488,Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,334,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Heavy root used to anchor the bird trap string.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 334"
22874,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,335,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Plant used as substitute for tobacco.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 335"
24259,2613,Oenothera albicaulis Pursh,95,Hopi,82,c74,336,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flower used ceremonially as the 'white flower.',"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 336"
24261,2613,Oenothera albicaulis Pursh,95,Hopi,82,c74,336,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Plant used for tobacco.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 336"
24294,2618,Oenothera caespitosa ssp. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz,95,Hopi,82,c74,337,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flowers used ceremonially as 'white flower.',"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 337"
24295,2618,Oenothera caespitosa ssp. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz,95,Hopi,82,c74,337,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Plant used as substitute for tobacco.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 337"
25523,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,339,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to weave kachina masks.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
25524,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,339,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Roots made into hooks and used to secure packs on burros during salt expeditions.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
25530,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,257,Tewa,82,c74,339,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used to weave kachina masks.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
25531,2753,Parryella filifolia Torr. & Gray ex Gray,257,Tewa,82,c74,339,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Roots made into hooks and used to secure packs on burros during salt expeditions.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 339"
25812,2799,Penstemon ambiguus Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,340,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant, associated with east direction, used in the Po-wa-mu ceremony.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 340"
25813,2799,Penstemon ambiguus Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,340,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flowers used to indicate when watermelon planting was over.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 340"
25818,2799,Penstemon ambiguus Torr.,257,Tewa,82,c74,340,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant, associated with east direction, used in the Po-wa-mu ceremony.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 340"
25819,2799,Penstemon ambiguus Torr.,257,Tewa,82,c74,340,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flowers used to indicate when watermelon planting was over.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 340"
25870,2806,Penstemon eatonii Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,341,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant, associated with east direction, used in the Po-wa-mu ceremony.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 341"
25871,2806,Penstemon eatonii Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,341,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flowers used to indicate when watermelon planting was over.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 341"
25948,2822,Penstemon utahensis Eastw.,95,Hopi,82,c74,342,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant, associated with east direction, used in the Po-wa-mu ceremony.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 342"
25949,2822,Penstemon utahensis Eastw.,95,Hopi,82,c74,342,3,Other,38,Decorations,Flowers used for personal decoration.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 342"
25950,2822,Penstemon utahensis Eastw.,95,Hopi,82,c74,342,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flowers used to indicate when watermelon planting was over.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 342"
29544,3105,Populus sp.,95,Hopi,82,c74,346,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leafy branches used during Snake Dance and related ceremonials.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 346"
29546,3105,Populus sp.,95,Hopi,82,c74,346,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Peeled shoots used to make pahos (prayer sticks).,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 346"
29549,3105,Populus sp.,95,Hopi,82,c74,346,3,Other,32,Containers,Roots carved into boxes for sacred feathers and various ceremonial objects.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 346"
29551,3105,Populus sp.,95,Hopi,82,c74,346,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Hollowed, rotten logs used to make drums.","Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 346"
29552,3105,Populus sp.,95,Hopi,82,c74,346,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make fire spindle and sometimes the hearth.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 346"
29554,3105,Populus sp.,95,Hopi,82,c74,346,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Roots carved into kachina dolls for children.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 346"
27569,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,347,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Gum put on hot coals and fumes used to smoke people and their clothes after a funeral.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27570,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,347,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pollen used for the Snake Ceremonial.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27571,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,347,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Gum used in making turquoise mosaics.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27573,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,347,3,Other,58,Protection,Gum put on forehead when going outside of house as protection against sorcery.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27575,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,347,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to prevent absorption of moisture and warping.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27576,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,347,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to waterproof and repair pottery vessels.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27682,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,257,Tewa,82,c74,347,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Gum put on hot coals and fumes used to smoke people and their clothes after a funeral.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27683,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,257,Tewa,82,c74,347,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pollen used for the Snake Ceremonial.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27684,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,257,Tewa,82,c74,347,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Gum used in making turquoise mosaics.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27686,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,257,Tewa,82,c74,347,3,Other,58,Protection,Gum put on forehead when going outside of house as protection against sorcery.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27687,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,257,Tewa,82,c74,347,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to prevent absorption of moisture and warping.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
27688,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,257,Tewa,82,c74,347,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Gum used to waterproof and repair pottery vessels.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 347"
28072,2970,Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,348,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant smoked ceremonially.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 348"
28073,2970,Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,348,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in the Su-ya-lung ceremony.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 348"
28074,2970,Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,348,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Needles attached to prayer sticks to bring cold.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 348"
28075,2970,Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.,95,Hopi,82,c74,348,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make kiva ladders.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 348"
28490,3004,Plantago patagonica Jacq.,95,Hopi,82,c74,349,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for participants of the clowning crew.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 349"
31269,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,95,Hopi,82,c74,353,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for the Ni-man and Po-wa-me ceremony.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 353"
31329,3203,Psilostrophe sparsiflora (Gray) A. Nels.,95,Hopi,82,c74,354,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in the Snake Dance ceremonials.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 354"
32071,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,355,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in Oaqol ceremony.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 355"
33129,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,356,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for ceremonial equipment and prayer sticks.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 356"
33134,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,356,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Roots used as perfume.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 356"
37140,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,358,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used for stirring rods.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 358"
37143,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,358,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 358"
37145,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,358,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for rabbit sticks and arrows.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 358"
37147,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,358,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used for musical rasps.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 358"
37151,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,358,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used for planting and lease rods.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 358"
38682,3780,Sphaeralcea parvifolia A. Nels.,95,Hopi,82,c74,363,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for mid-winter ceremonials.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 363"
38794,3808,Sporobolus giganteus Nash,95,Hopi,82,c74,365,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bundles of plant used to cover kiva entrance during Bean Ceremonial.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 365"
38795,3808,Sporobolus giganteus Nash,95,Hopi,82,c74,365,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pollen used in the hunting ceremony.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 365"
38796,3808,Sporobolus giganteus Nash,95,Hopi,82,c74,365,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stems used to make pahos (prayer sticks).,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 365"
16972,1857,Hesperostipa neomexicana (Thurb. ex Coult.) Barkworth,95,Hopi,82,c74,367,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for necklaces on the first initiants in the Wu-chim ceremony.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 367"
43999,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used as whips in ceremonies.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
44000,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Twigs used to make the masks for the kachinas.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
44001,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used as an anchor for bird traps.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
44002,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,3,Other,26,Paint,Juice used as a varnish for sacred kachinas.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
44003,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,3,Other,106,Soap,Crushed roots used for soap.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
43831,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,371,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used for soap.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 371"
27352,2948,Pinguicula vulgaris L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,106,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Dried roots kept for good luck.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
22267,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,109,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make spoons.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 109"
34114,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,111,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant, wild parsnip, salmonberry, gooseberry and mask represented a child in a ceremonial dance.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 111"
35002,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,113,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant, wild parsnip, gooseberry and rose used in the dance of Winwina.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35009,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant, wild parsnip, gooseberry, rose and mask represented a child in a ceremonial dance.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35010,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used as a mat under any kind of berries and hemlock cambium when drying.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
29323,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,116,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Buds used as a binding agent to glue duck feathers to red cedar hoops used for festive applications.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116"
23985,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,118,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves chewed and smoked.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 118"
41806,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Fiber used to make bow strings, fishing line for jigging, ropes and oolichan traps.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
41807,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fiber used to make fishing nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
15393,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,125,3,Other,17,Tools,Plant used with an open fire to steam heat kerfed boards to bend into red cedar bentwood boxes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 125"
21752,2357,Macrocystis integrifolia Bory,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,127,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant traded for oolichan grease and smoked oolichans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 127"
21755,2357,Macrocystis integrifolia Bory,113,Kitkatla,14,c93,127,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant traded for oolichan grease and smoked oolichans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 127"
23696,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,128,3,Other,167,Designs,Plant heads used as the design for the horizontal timber ends of the Killer Whale house.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 128"
40546,3990,Trentepohlia aurea (L.) Martius,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,132,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used for face paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 132"
14784,1621,Fomes sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for some aspects of the secret society rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14785,1621,Fomes sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant placed at entrance of special shamanistic dance house as protection from bad spirits & ghosts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14786,1621,Fomes sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used as hand protection for handling live coals during a secret society ritual.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14787,1621,Fomes sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant thrown into the stream and used as a target by young boys for spear practice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14788,1621,Fomes sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used as a ball in a women's and children's game.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14794,1624,Fomitopsis sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for some aspects of the secret society rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14795,1624,Fomitopsis sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant placed at entrance of special shamanistic dance house as protection from bad spirits & ghosts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14796,1624,Fomitopsis sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used as hand protection for handling live coals during a secret society ritual.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14797,1624,Fomitopsis sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant thrown into the stream and used as a target by young boys for spear practice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14798,1624,Fomitopsis sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used as a ball in a women's and children's game.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
15543,1695,Ganoderma sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for some aspects of the secret society rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
15544,1695,Ganoderma sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant placed at entrance of special shamanistic dance house as protection from bad spirits & ghosts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
15545,1695,Ganoderma sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used as hand protection for handling live coals during a secret society ritual.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
15546,1695,Ganoderma sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant thrown into the stream and used as a target by young boys for spear practice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
15547,1695,Ganoderma sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used as a ball in a women's and children's game.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
29058,3083,Polyporus sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for some aspects of the secret society rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
29059,3083,Polyporus sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant placed at entrance of special shamanistic dance house as protection from bad spirits & ghosts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
29060,3083,Polyporus sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used as hand protection for handling live coals during a secret society ritual.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
29061,3083,Polyporus sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant thrown into the stream and used as a target by young boys for spear practice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
29062,3083,Polyporus sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used as a ball in a women's and children's game.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
7606,644,Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,141,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant burned into black powder and used to make wood paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 141"
7607,645,Bryoria glabra (Mot.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,141,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant burned into black powder and used to make wood paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 141"
7608,646,Bryoria trichodes (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,141,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant burned into black powder and used to make wood paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 141"
7945,717,Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,141,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used to make paint for wooden items.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 141"
7946,718,Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Muell. Arg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,141,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used to make paint for wooden items.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 141"
31073,3188,Pseudephebe pubescens (L.) Choisy,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,143,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used to make black paint for wood.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 143"
43697,4214,Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used as pigment for face paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
3682,286,Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,145,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Plant used in earth ovens.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 145"
10582,1064,Conocephalum conicum,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,145,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used to make a green paint for wood.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 145"
12716,1342,Dryopteris sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,149,3,Other,32,Containers,Fronds used to pack freshly caught salmon to prevent them from drying out.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 149"
7367,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,153,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plants transplanted to pots and used as house plants.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 153"
9082,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to make carved items and masks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9083,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Wooden pegs used to hold together bent boxes of red cedar.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9084,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Rods struck with Pacific crabapple sticks or yew wood to make noise to herd animals while hunting.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9085,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
18476,2054,Juniperus communis L.,86,Haisla,14,c93,160,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make rattles worn on belts by shamans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 160"
39969,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Boughs used to camouflage canoes, especially during duck hunting.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39970,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,14,c93,162,3,Other,145,Lighting,Branches covered with Sitka spruce pitch used for night fishing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39971,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,14,c93,162,3,Other,58,Protection,Inner bark dyed and tied to pets to protect them from the dog eater.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39988,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark used for many ceremonial purposes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39989,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Inner bark rings worn around the neck and on the legs by shamans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39990,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make a special type of 'rattle' for ceremonial activities.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39991,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make ceremonial whistles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39992,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make coffins.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39993,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Wood used as toilet sticks prior to the introduction of toilet paper.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39994,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make boxes to store many types of food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39995,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Inner bark used to whip soapberries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39996,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood boards used to separate oval leaved blueberries from the leaves.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39997,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood made into tongs and used to transfer boiling stones from the fire to cooking vessels.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39998,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,167,Designs,Wood used to make totem poles and other carvings.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39999,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Withes used with pitch to fasten arrow heads to the shafts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40000,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark and branches used as kindling to start fires.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40001,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Inner bark used to make fishing line.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40002,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood made into noisemakers and used to round up animals to be hunted.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40003,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood made into small sticks to prop open conical nets used to catch oolichans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40004,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make the hook used to lift oolichan nets to empty their contents into a canoe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40005,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make the shafts of oolichan spears and arrows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40007,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Bark used in the fire dancer's headdress to produce sparks and fire. A baking powder can with a copper tube in front and a flexible hose in the back was filled with burning red cedar outer bark.  An aide to the Fire Dancer blew on the hose in the back to produce sparks and smoke at the front of the headdress, which concealed the can and embers.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
8,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,86,Haisla,14,c93,173,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pitch applied to the face of mourners.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
12,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,3,Other,32,Containers,Boughs used to line oolichan ripening pits.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
270,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make chairs and insect proof storage boxes for dancing regalia.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
271,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,3,Other,167,Designs,Tree used as a design on wooden drums.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
27170,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,86,Haisla,14,c93,175,3,Other,145,Lighting,Pitch applied to the ends of red cedar torches used in night fishing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27179,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,32,Containers,Roots and red cedar bark used to make bag like implement for the oolichan grease rendering process.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27180,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Branches and roots made into pegs, dipped in pitch and used as nails to hold together bent boxes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27181,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood made into rake like implements and used to catch herring and oolichans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27182,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27183,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make oolichan spears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27184,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make a bark peeling tool.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27185,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27187,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Boughs used to hit & rub boys as part of a ritual treatment to increase their strength & tolerance.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27488,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,86,Haisla,14,c93,178,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make maul heads.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178"
27490,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,178,3,Other,26,Paint,Twigs burned and used as a pigment material for tattoos.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178"
27491,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,178,3,Other,17,Tools,Smoldering twigs used to singe and trim hair.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178"
31152,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,86,Haisla,14,c93,179,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make herring and oolichan rakes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179"
31153,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,179,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Pitch used for bindings.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179"
40968,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Boughs used among several botanical materials in ritual purification practices.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40969,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Boughs used under cleaned salmon while draining.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40970,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Boughs rubbed on the body for luck on hunting expeditions.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40971,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Boughs used as camouflage by hunters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40972,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Boughs used to gather herring roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40973,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs made into hoops and used to combat witchcraft.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40974,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,98,Weapon,Timber used as the 'blade' of an executioner's device similar to the guillotine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40976,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Boughs used in processing salmon.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40977,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Boughs used to wrap and cover foods in earth ovens.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40978,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Wood made into rings and used to fasten oolichan nets to the piles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40979,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Bark used to smoke hides into a dark brown color.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40980,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make piles for anchoring oolichan nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40981,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Wood knots used to make labrets worn by women of high social rank.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40982,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40983,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make mallets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
39465,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,98,Weapon,Wood used to make war paddles and war clubs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39467,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Sticks used to strike rods of cedar to make noise while driving animals to be killed.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39468,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39469,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make clubs to knock out fish and halibut hooks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39470,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
21605,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,189,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used as a mat when drying berries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 189"
21606,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,189,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used to wrap western hemlock cambium, bear meat and porcupine meat while cooking.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 189"
37430,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,192,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used by children to make tiny snares to catch small fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 192"
15360,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,196,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flowers used on costumes for the New Year 'flower dance.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 196"
15361,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,196,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flower appearance signals the 'Indian New Year.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 196"
42679,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,3,Other,58,Protection,"Plants presence believed to repel ghosts, illness and evil.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42689,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for ceremonial purification.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42690,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant used for preparation for shamanistic activities, dancing, hunting and fishing.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42691,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Decoction of plant and devil's club used as a wash for areas occupied by corpse to give good luck.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42692,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,3,Other,58,Protection,Decoction of plant and devil's club used as a wash for areas occupied by corpse to kill poison.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42693,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used to combat witchcraft.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
20107,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,205,3,Other,32,Containers,Blades used to line oolichan ripening pits.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 205"
20108,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,205,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Blades used to tie Pacific silverweed roots together before steaming.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 205"
467,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,86,Haisla,14,c93,209,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood made into rattles and used by shamans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
469,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make frontispieces for chief's masks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
470,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make spoons.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
471,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make axe handles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
472,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make the skulls for the shamanistic costumes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
3507,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,3,Other,32,Containers,Hollow stems used to collect liquid Sitka spruce pitch.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
3508,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves chewed and juice rubbed on the body to mask the human smell.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
3509,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,3,Other,106,Soap,Leaves used with devil's club to wash the human smell from one's body.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
3511,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Hollow stems used to make whistles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
16828,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,214,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used to play a game by throwing the plant into a pot.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"
16829,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,214,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stems used to make whistles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"
24462,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,86,Haisla,14,c93,217,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant made into black face paint and used by warriors.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24471,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark used for ritual purification.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24472,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,"Bark used for the acquisition of luck by hunters, fishers and shamanistic initiates.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24473,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant used by bathing black bear and brought observer good luck.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24474,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant used to bring good luck.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24475,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,26,Paint,"Bark charred, mixed with pounded salmon eggs and used as black face paint for dancing.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24476,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,58,Protection,Bark made into face paint and used by shamans to repel enemy spirits from the shaman's patient.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24477,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used to cleanse areas where people had died.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24478,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,106,Soap,Decoction or infusion of bark used to wipe one's body after bathing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
2502,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,86,Haisla,14,c93,224,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood burned for boiling oolichan grease.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224"
2504,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,224,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark dyed red and used for ritual applications.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224"
2505,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,224,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make dishes to serve oolichan grease.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224"
2678,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,225,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make spoons.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 225"
7315,581,Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,226,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used for carving.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 226"
36870,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to whip soapberries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36871,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make points for oolichan and squirrel spears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
11047,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,233,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Leaves used to wipe fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 233"
11048,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,233,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches used to string fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 233"
37842,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,236,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries smoke dried and used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
37864,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,236,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries smoke dried and used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
37931,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,268,"Tsimshian, Coast",14,c93,236,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries smoke dried and used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
4584,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,239,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves smoked like tobacco.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4614,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,239,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4638,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,239,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
38813,3814,Stachys mexicana Benth.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,256,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant fiber used to make nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 256"
9327,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,86,Haisla,14,c93,257,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,"Leaves used to wipe hands, especially after handling slimy fish.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"
9330,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,257,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used to make oolichan nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"
22218,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Sticks used to strike rods of cedar to make noise while driving animals to be killed.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22219,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22220,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make root digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22221,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make sledgehammer handles and mallet heads.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22222,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Sticks used to retrieve special cooking stones used for cooking edible seaweed.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
30342,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,272,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used for carving.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 272"
34109,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,273,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flowers used in 'flower dance' costume.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 273"
34792,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,276,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to whip soapberries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 276"
34967,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flower used in 'flower dance' costume and in shamanistic performances.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34968,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to whip soapberries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34969,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Plant used as an indicator for picking edible seaweed.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
29288,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,3,Other,100,Preservative,Wood dried and used for smoking salmon.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
35966,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,287,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used to hang drying oolichans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 287"
35967,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,287,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make mallet heads.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 287"
36051,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,86,Haisla,14,c93,288,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Whips used to lash opponents in the 'hoop and pole game.' In the Haisla 'hoop and pole game,' players attempted to spear a rolling hoop.  If a player succeeded in spearing the hoop, he was lashed by his opponent with a willow whip.  If, however, the spearman retrieved his spear, the hoop and the whip, his team would get the next throw of the hoop.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36052,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Leaves used to wipe slime from fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36053,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,32,Containers,Sticks used to string discoidal basaltic seaweed cooking stones when not being used.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36054,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36055,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36056,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Withes used as fish stringers to transport fish downstream.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36057,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,120,Walking Sticks,Wood used to make walking sticks or canes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36084,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,86,Haisla,14,c93,288,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Whips used to lash opponents in the 'hoop and pole game.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36085,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Leaves used to wipe slime from fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36086,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,32,Containers,Sticks used to string discoidal basaltic seaweed cooking stones when not being used.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36087,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36088,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36089,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Withes used as fish stringers to transport fish downstream.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36090,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,120,Walking Sticks,Wood used to make walking sticks or canes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
23972,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,291,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used for chewing and smoking.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 291"
41778,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41779,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Fiber used to make cordage, bindings and nets.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41780,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fiber used to make nets and bow strings.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
23700,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,303,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stipes used to make fishing lines.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 303"
23741,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,303,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stipes used to make fishing lines.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 303"
29708,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,304,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 304"
43698,4214,Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,311,3,Other,26,Paint,Used as a yellow pigment for paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 311"
9100,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make storage containers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9101,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows and paddles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9102,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make adze handles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
18475,2054,Juniperus communis L.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
18483,2054,Juniperus communis L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,314,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant rubbed on the back for good luck.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
40281,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood made into horns used for ritual purposes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40282,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Wood made into toilet sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40283,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,32,Containers,"Inner bark used to make containers for collecting, storing and cooking foods.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40284,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make storage boxes and chests.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40285,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to carve totem poles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40286,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,37,Fuel,Inner bark used to start fires.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40287,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make hunting and fishing tools.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40288,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make woodworking tools.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
27201,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,317,3,Other,58,Protection,Prickly leaves used to discourage and repel animals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317"
27276,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,317,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Boughs used by shamans, hunters and fishers during preparatory and purification rituals.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317"
27499,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,318,3,Other,58,Protection,Branches used by hunters as shelter to discourage and repel animals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318"
31170,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,318,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as an excellent fuel source.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318"