id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
44672,4258,Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,11,c49,50,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of roots used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44671,4258,Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,11,c49,50,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots used as a shampoo.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44670,4258,Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,11,c49,50,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Thorns used to prick the skin over rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44669,4258,Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,11,c49,50,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Thorns used to prick the skin over rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44660,4257,Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray,193,Pima,104,r08,79,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of pounded root used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 79"
44657,4256,Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,250,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Root used for fevers and compound containing flower stalks used for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 250"
44656,4256,Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,250,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing flower stalks used as snuff for sick headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 250"
44636,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,45,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Smoke from powdered plant inhaled in sweatbath for fever.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
44635,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,45,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Cold infusion of blossoms used as an eyewash.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
44634,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,45,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Plant used in a sweatbath for fever.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
44633,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,45,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of powdered plant applied to bruises.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
44632,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomachache or heartburn.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
44631,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
44630,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
44629,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of plant taken as a cathartic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
44628,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for stomachache, heartburn and as a cathartic.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
44627,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,97,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used for throat troubles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"
44626,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,97,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,Plant used for nose troubles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"
44622,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,38,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used as a bath for excessive sweating.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
44621,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,38,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Hot infusion of plant drunk for kidney trouble.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
44620,4252,Zinnia acerosa (DC.) Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,39,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant given to children to quickly learn to talk.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
44619,4252,Zinnia acerosa (DC.) Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,39,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Crushed plant paste mixed with salt and used on swellings or aches.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
44618,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots cooked and used in the tooth hollow for toothaches.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44617,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots with other plant parts mixed with water and used as a bath for slight sprains.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44616,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Roots with other plant parts mixed with water and used as a bath for bruises.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44615,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Roots and other roots pounded with salt and used for itch and kindred afflictions of the skin.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44614,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Roots & other roots pounded with salt, mixed with urine & used for ringworm & white skin blotches.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44613,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Leaf ashes, other ashes and nut juice used for cuts and skin sores.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44612,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Juice used for hair dressing.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44611,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Flowers and roots and other plants pounded, mixed with water and rubbed on the body during massages.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44610,4251,Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,19,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots or bulbs pounded with salt and the resulting juice used as a head wash for headaches.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44609,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,94,2,Drug,13,Poison,Bulbs considered poisonous.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 94"
44608,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,133,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Mashed bulbs rubbed on broken bones to help them heal more quickly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 133"
44607,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Bulbs mashed and used for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
44606,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,23,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant sometimes used as a violent emetic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
44605,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
44604,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied to sore legs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
44603,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,30,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 30"
44602,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of roasted, mashed bulbs applied to swollen parts or used for rheumatism.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
44601,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149150,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of bulb used for rattlesnake bites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44600,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,183,Paiute,98,m53,54,2,Drug,13,Poison,Seeds and roots considered a deadly poison if eaten by humans or horses.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 54"
44599,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149150,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of bulb used for swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44598,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149150,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of bulb used for burns.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44597,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149150,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of bulb used for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44596,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149150,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bulb used for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44595,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,37,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Bulbs mashed and used for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
44593,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,13,Poison,Bulbs considered extremely poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
44592,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,27,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of cooked, mashed bulbs applied to boils.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 27"
44591,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,27,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed bulbs applied for rheumatism.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 27"
44590,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of cooked, mashed bulbs applied to strain and bruise pains.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 27"
44589,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,321,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 321"
44588,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,321,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of mashed bulbs applied to painful bruises and sprains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 321"
44587,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,321,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed bulbs applied for boils and painful bruises.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 321"
44586,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,321,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed bulbs applied to rheumatism.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 321"
44585,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,321,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mashed bulbs applied to painful bruises and sprains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 321"
44584,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,125,Lakota,108,r80,28,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to humans.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 28"
44583,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,115,Klamath,66,c97,93,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Roots mixed with rootstocks of blue flag and used for vomiting.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 93"
44581,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,203,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered highly toxic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 203"
44580,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,23,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant sometimes used as a violent emetic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
44579,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,276,Washo,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of bulb used for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44578,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,276,Washo,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of bulb used for sprains and lameness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44577,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,276,Washo,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of bulb used for swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44576,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,276,Washo,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of crushed, raw root applied for rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44575,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,276,Washo,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bulb used for neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44574,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of bulb used for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44573,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of bulb used for sprains and lameness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44572,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,40,Emetic,"Decoction of root taken as an emetic, in spite of poisonous nature of plant.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44571,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of bulb used for swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44570,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of crushed raw or roasted root applied for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44569,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bulb used for neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44568,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of roasted, mashed bulbs applied to swollen parts or used for rheumatism.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
44567,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of bulb used for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44566,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of bulb used for sprains and lameness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44565,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,40,Emetic,"Decoction of root taken as an emetic, in spite of poisonous nature of plant.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44564,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of bulb used for swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44563,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of root, sometimes mixed with tobacco, applied for rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44562,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,149,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bulb used for neuralgia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149"
44559,4249,Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,17,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant given to sheep with bloat.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 17"
44558,4248,Zigadenus nuttallii (Gray) S. Wats.,272,Ute,142,c09,37,2,Drug,13,Poison,Bulbs considered poisonous.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 37"
44557,4248,Zigadenus nuttallii (Gray) S. Wats.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,384,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Plant used for venereal affections.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384"
44556,4248,Zigadenus nuttallii (Gray) S. Wats.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,384,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384"
44554,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Leaves usually fatal to cattle.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
44553,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Bulb caused 'human poisoning' and leaves usually fatal to cattle.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
44552,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Pulverized, baked root used as salve on painful areas, especially back and feet.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
44551,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Cold infusion of plant used as a lotion for mad coyote bite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
44550,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,78,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Root rubbed on muscles as a strengthener.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 78"
44549,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,78,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Infusion of eleven plants used as an emetic before breakfast prior to athletic events or deer hunts. Infusion of eleven plants used during athletic training every morning prior to breakfast until the brew had been depleted, to give long endurance, a keen eye and so that the deer could not smell you.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 78"
44548,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,78,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 78"
44547,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,78,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Eleven plants used in sweatbath. An infusion of eleven plants was sprinkled on hot rocks to form dense steam.  Men stayed in the sweat bath for three to five minutes for several successive evenings before the deer hunt or race.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 78"
44546,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of eleven plants used as an athletic rub down.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 78"
44545,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,139,2,Drug,13,Poison,Whole plant considered poisonous.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 139"
44544,4247,Zigadenus elegans Pursh,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,163,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 163"
44543,4246,Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schlechter,228,Seminole,88,s54,318,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for impotency.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 318"
44542,4246,Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schlechter,228,Seminole,88,s54,318,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken and used as a wash for barrenness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 318"
44541,4245,Zephyranthes sp.,228,Seminole,88,s54,304,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of bulbs used for toothaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 304"
44516,4244,Zea mays L.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,97,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Warm ear of corn rubbed with foot for child's glandular swelling in neck.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 97"
44515,4244,Zea mays L.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,97,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,"Blue cornmeal and water used for 'heart-sickness,' 'palpitations or pains.'","Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 97"
44514,4244,Zea mays L.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,97,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Black corn with red streaks good for menstruating woman.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 97"
44513,4244,Zea mays L.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,97,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Warm ear of corn rubbed with foot for child's glandular swelling in neck.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 97"
44512,4244,Zea mays L.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,97,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Blue cornmeal and water used for 'palpitations or pains.',"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 97"
44459,4244,Zea mays L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,27,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of plant applied as ceremonial medicine for sore throats.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27"
44458,4244,Zea mays L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,27,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Poultice of plant applied as ceremonial medicine for sore throats.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27"
44457,4244,Zea mays L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,27,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,"Leaves used in mixture for the Night Chant medicine. One part of the Night Chant medicine consists of a mixture of 'blue pollen,' wild plants, and tobacco to which was added the leaves from corn plants gathered in the east, south, west and north corners of the field, squash from the southeast side, bean leaves from the southwest, watermelon leaves from the northwest, and muskmelon leaves from the northeast.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27"
44456,4244,Zea mays L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,77,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of dried cobs used as a wash for poison ivy rash.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 77"
44439,4244,Zea mays L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,77,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Pollen eaten for almost any kind of medicine.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 77"
44365,4244,Zea mays L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Parched grains eaten for 'long wind.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
44364,4244,Zea mays L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for 'gravel.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
44363,4244,Zea mays L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,'Smut' from plant used as salve.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
44358,4242,Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,61,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of grated root and bark applied to aching teeth.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 61"
44357,4242,Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,61,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Salve of grated root mixed with whiskey rubbed on swollen limbs.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 61"
44356,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,80,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Root bark used for gonorrhea, an historic reference (1796).","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 80"
44355,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Fruits used as diuretic for horses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
44352,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Bark or berries used for sore throat and tonsillitis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387"
44351,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of berries sprayed on chest for congestion from bronchitis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387"
44350,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"77, 132",2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of inner bark taken in small doses for heart trouble.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 77, 132"
44349,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,"Infusion of bark taken for heart, 3 days on, 3 days off before resuming.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
44348,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244245,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Bark and berries used for hemorrhages and tuberculosis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245"
44347,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244245,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Powdered inner bark used for toothache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245"
44346,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244245,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Compound decoction of inner bark given to strengthen convalescent patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245"
44345,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244245,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of root used for kidney trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245"
44344,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244245,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Bark and berry medicine used for hemorrhages.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245"
44343,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244245,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Bark and berries used as an expectorant.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245"
44342,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244245,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Bark and berries used to make cough syrup.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245"
44341,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,176,d32,128,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Compound infusion taken and rubbed on body to quiet person near convulsions.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 128"
44340,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"51, 52",2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of berries sprayed on the chest or throat for bronchial diseases.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 51, 52"
44339,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"51, 52",2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of berries taken for minor maladies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 51, 52"
44338,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"51, 52",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of root bark applied to swellings in special rite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 51, 52"
44337,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"51, 52",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of berries sprayed from mouth onto sores.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 51, 52"
44336,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,176,d32,130,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of inner bark used for cold settled in the chest.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 130"
44335,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,176,d32,133,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded inner bark applied for rheumatism and sharp pains.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 133"
44334,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,176,d32,133,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of pounded inner bark used for rheumatism and sharp pains.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 133"
44333,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,51,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,Infusion of berries used as a seasoner in medicines.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 51"
44332,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of roots taken when water stops because of gonorrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44331,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44330,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,"Bark smoked, chewed or placed into the tooth for toothaches.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44329,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44328,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44327,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of bark taken for pain after confinement.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44326,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44325,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44324,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of roots taken when water stops because of gonorrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44323,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Compound infusion taken for vomiting.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44322,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Decoction of bark taken for worms.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44321,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for pain after confinement.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44320,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound infusion taken for back pain.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44319,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,367,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark smoked for toothaches or neuralgia.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 367"
44318,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of bark taken to promote miscarriage.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44317,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,80,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Bark used alone and in compound as a tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 80"
44316,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 80",2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of inner bark taken sparingly for heart trouble.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 80"
44315,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,62,Delaware,97,t72,35,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of inner bark used for heart trouble.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 35"
44314,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,59,Creek,128,swan28,663,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of bark used to rub on dog's nose to improve his scent.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663"
44313,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,48,Comanche,143,j68,6,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots pulverized and used for toothache.,"Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 6"
44312,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root bark held against tooth for toothache.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
44311,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Inner bark placed in throat for sore throat.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
44310,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,48,Comanche,143,j68,6,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of pulverized roots used for fever.,"Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 6"
44309,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of bark taken for fever.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
44308,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,48,Comanche,143,j68,6,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Roots pulverized and powder used for burns.,"Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 6"
44307,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled or taken for sore throat.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
44306,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,134,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of bark taken for all pulmonary troubles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 134"
44305,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of root used as a wash to strengthen legs and feet of weak children.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
44304,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root used as a wash for paralysis and to strengthen child's legs and feet.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
44303,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,134,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of bark taken for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 134"
44302,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,134,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for colds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 134"
44301,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion used as a wash for swollen joints.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
44300,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,3,Alabama,128,swan28,663,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Pounded inner bark used for toothache.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663"
44299,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,3,Alabama,115,t40,35,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Inner bark put into cavity and packed around the tooth for toothaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 35"
44298,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,3,Alabama,115,t40,35,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of inner bark rubbed on itchy area.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 35"
44297,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,3,Alabama,128,swan28,663,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for itching.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663"
44233,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of plants applied to the head for sore throats.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44232,4236,Yucca sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34"
44200,4231,Yucca glauca var. glauca,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,27,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used as a substitute for soap and as a wash for the hair.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 27"
44164,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44152,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44145,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,2,Drug,13,Poison,Compound containing leaf juice used to poison arrows.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
44144,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Cold infusion of root used to expedite delivery of baby or placenta.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
44143,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Rotten root used to make suds taken to induce menopause.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
44137,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,164,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a delirifacient a drug which produces  delirium.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 164"
44136,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,157,Navajo,141,h56,164,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Plant used as a laxative.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 164"
44135,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,33,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Roots used to wash hair.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 33"
44131,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,28,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Burning root fumes used to allow a horse to be caught and haltered easily.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 28"
44130,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,28,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Roots and prickly pear cactus roots used by mothers when they cannot give birth.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 28"
44129,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,28,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of pulverized roots taken for stomachaches.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 28"
44128,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,28,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots used to soak the hair as a vermin killer and to make the hair grow.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 28"
44127,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,28,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Roots and prickly pear cactus roots used as 'medicine for not give birth.',"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 28"
44123,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,18,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Plant used for dandruff, baldness and skin irritations.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18"
44108,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,76,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Infusion of tender heart shoots used for weakness.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76"
44107,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,76,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Tender heart shoots used in the sweatbath.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76"
44096,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root mixed with ground stolons from vine mesquite grass & used as a hair wash to make the hair grow.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
44085,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,358,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used to wash the scalp to make the hair grow.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 358"
44083,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Smashed root applied as powder or used as a wash for sores, scabs and skin outbreaks.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
44082,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of dried root used as hair wash for dandruff and to prevent baldness.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
44080,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots applied to saddle sores.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
44079,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of grated roots used for breaks.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
44078,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of grated roots used as herbal steam for breaks and sprains.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44077,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Decoction of grated roots used as herbal steam for breaks and sprains.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44076,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of roots applied to inflamed and bleeding cuts.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44075,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of grated roots applied to bleeding cuts.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
44074,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roots applied to inflamed and bleeding cuts.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44073,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of root used as a tonic for falling hair.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44072,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of grated roots used for sprains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
44059,4229,Yucca filamentosa L.,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,56,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of roots applied to sprains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 56"
44055,4229,Yucca filamentosa L.,32,Cherokee,105,w47,75,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Used as a soporific.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 75"
44054,4229,Yucca filamentosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion taken for diabetes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
44053,4229,Yucca filamentosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Beaten root used as salve for sores.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
44052,4229,Yucca filamentosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Used as an ingredient with broom sedge and amaranth in green corn medicine.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
44051,4229,Yucca filamentosa L.,30,Catawba,115,t40,9,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Roots rubbed on body or decoction of roots taken for skin disease.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 9"
44050,4229,Yucca filamentosa L.,30,Catawba,75,s37,188,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root rubbed on the body for skin disease.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"
44028,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,"Peeled stalk shaped like a short snake, heated, eaten by a practitioner and spit at the sick.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
43995,4226,Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber,95,Hopi,82,c74,370,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Plant used as a laxative.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 370"
43961,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"49, 50",2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Fruit eaten to promote easy childbirth.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49, 50"
43960,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"49, 50",2,Drug,40,Emetic,Unspecified plant part chewed as ritual emetic.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49, 50"
43959,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"49, 50",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Infusion of root used as a wash in adoption and name-giving ceremonies.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49, 50"
43919,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,104,r08,72,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Fruits eaten raw as a cathartic.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 72"
43893,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Juice used to lubricate midwife's hand while removing retained placenta.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43892,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Suds made from root used for ceremonial purification baths.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43866,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for heartburn.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43865,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of pulverized leaves taken for vomiting.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43856,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,108,Keresan,90,w45,564,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used for washing hair.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 564"
43759,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"34, 71",2,Drug,36,Laxative,Root used as a strong laxative.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 34, 71"
43758,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Crushed root used in purification ceremony.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
43757,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Crushed root used as shampoo for baldness.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
43756,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Crushed root used in purification ceremony.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
43751,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,10,Apache,58,bc41,51,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Emulsion used in cases of snake or insect bites.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 51"
43750,4223,Yucca aloifolia L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,9,2,Drug,,,Decoction of roots used as a salve for various purposes.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 9"
43749,4223,Yucca aloifolia L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Boiled mashed root with grease or tallow used as salve for various purposes.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
43748,4222,Xyris sp.,228,Seminole,88,s54,395,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Flowering stems twisted into a witchcraft medicine.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 395"
43747,4222,Xyris sp.,228,Seminole,88,s54,281,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of herbage rubbed on the chest for pulmonary disorders.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 281"
43746,4222,Xyris sp.,228,Seminole,88,s54,281,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of herbage rubbed on the chest for colds.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 281"
43745,4221,Xyris caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of root taken for diarrhea and 'good for children.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43744,4221,Xyris caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of root taken for diarrhea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43743,4220,Xyris ambigua Bey. ex Kunth,228,Seminole,88,s54,281,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of herbage rubbed on the chest for pulmonary disorders.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 281"
43742,4220,Xyris ambigua Bey. ex Kunth,228,Seminole,88,s54,281,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of herbage rubbed on the chest for colds.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 281"
43739,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,164,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 164"
43738,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,307,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of roots used as a steam and rubbed on the legs for soreness.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 307"
43737,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,307,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Decoction of roots used as a mouthwash for sore mouth and gums.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 307"
43736,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,193,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of inner bark used as a body rub and steam for joint swellings.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 193"
43735,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,192,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of inner bark used as a body rub & steam for deer sickness: numb, painful limbs & joints.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 192"
43734,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,192,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of 'beans' used as a body rub & steam for deer sickness: numb, painful limbs & joints.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 192"
43729,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,52,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Roots washed, rubbed to make a lather and used to wash sores.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 52"
43710,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of grated roots used for breaks and sprains.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
43709,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Grated roots used for bleeding.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
43708,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to wounds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
43695,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Taken as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43694,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Stem chewed for sore throat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43693,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Infusion taken for nerves.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43692,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Stem chewed for sore mouth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43691,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,Infusion of root used for piles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43690,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Poultice used for sore eyes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43689,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Astringent and tonic infusion of root used for piles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43688,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Ashes 'burnt from greenswitch' used for cancer.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43687,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Compound decoction taken as a blood tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43686,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43685,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,30,Catawba,75,s37,188,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of roots taken for jaundice.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"
43684,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,30,Catawba,115,t40,22,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of plant taken for jaundice.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
43683,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,30,Catawba,75,s37,188,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for ulcerated stomachs.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"
43682,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,30,Catawba,115,t40,22,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for ulcerated stomach.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
43681,4213,Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh.,30,Catawba,75,s37,188,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for colds.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"
43680,4212,Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,469,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used in a witching medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 469"
43677,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,291,Zuni,6,s15,"62, 63",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Compound poultice of seeds applied to wounds or used to remove splinters.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 62, 63"
43676,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,291,Zuni,6,s15,"62, 63",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Chewed seeds rubbed on body prior to cactus ceremony to protect from spines.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 62, 63"
43675,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,49,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Plant used as fumigant for children with urinary disorders.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49"
43674,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,49,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant used as fumigant for children with urinary disorders.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49"
43673,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,49,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Plant used for vomiting.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49"
43672,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,49,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Plant used for diarrhea.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49"
43671,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,30,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Compound decoction used for complaint.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30"
43670,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,31,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of seeds used as salve for sores.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 31"
43668,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,97,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to screw worm sores in livestock.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 97"
43667,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,97,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of burs taken for constipation.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 97"
43666,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,97,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Pulp used for sore eyes.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 97"
43665,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,193,Pima,104,r08,80,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Pulp mixed with soot and used for sore eyes.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 80"
43664,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,97,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of burs taken for diarrhea.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 97"
43662,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,157,Navajo,141,h56,164,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used to decrease perspiration.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 164"
43661,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,157,Navajo,74,e44,90,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used as a liniment for the armpit to remove excessive perspiration.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 90"
43660,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,131,Mahuna,5,r54,69,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Plant used for gonorrhea.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 69"
43659,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,131,Mahuna,5,r54,69,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Plant used for tuberculosis.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 69"
43658,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,131,Mahuna,5,r54,69,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for total paralysis.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 69"
43657,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,131,Mahuna,5,r54,69,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for diseased kidneys.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 69"
43656,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,131,Mahuna,5,r54,69,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Plant used for rheumatism.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 69"
43655,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,116,Koasati,115,t40,64,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken to remove the afterbirth.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 64"
43653,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of ground, seed powder used on open sores or saddle galls.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43652,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,96,Houma,49,speck41,60,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of root taken for high fever.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60"
43649,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,161,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Roots and leaves used as a blood medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161"
43648,4210,Xanthium strumarium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,130,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Burs rubbed on sore gums to take the pain, poison and blood out.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 130"
43647,4210,Xanthium strumarium L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,40,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Used as a medicine in ceremonies.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 40"
43646,4210,Xanthium strumarium L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,28,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of seeds used for bladder ailments.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 28"
43645,4209,Xanthium spinosum L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,69,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for the kidneys.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 69"
43644,4209,Xanthium spinosum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"29, 30",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bur used 'to unstick object in throat.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29, 30"
43643,4209,Xanthium spinosum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"29, 30",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Roots chewed for rattlesnake bite.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29, 30"
43642,4209,Xanthium spinosum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"29, 30",2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion given for croup.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29, 30"
43641,4209,Xanthium spinosum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"29, 30",2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29, 30"
43640,4209,Xanthium spinosum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"29, 30",2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of root given to induce vomiting.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29, 30"
43638,4208,Xanthium sp.,102,Jemez,28,c30,28,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of plant taken for urinary disorders.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
43636,4206,Wyethia scabra Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,51,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used as an emetic for stomachaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 51"
43635,4206,Wyethia scabra Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,51,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic for stomachaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 51"
43634,4206,Wyethia scabra Hook.,95,Hopi,37,w39,99,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Plant sometimes used as an emetic, but if not vomited it would kill the person.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 99"
43633,4206,Wyethia scabra Hook.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"34, 99",2,Drug,40,Emetic,"Plant said to be a very strong, potentially lethal emetic.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 34, 99"
43631,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,276,Washo,12,tha41,148149,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of root taken as an emetic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149"
43630,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,276,Washo,12,tha41,148149,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a physic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149"
43629,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,148149,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a physic or emetic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149"
43623,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,148149,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of root taken for venereal diseases.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149"
43622,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,148149,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of root taken for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149"
43621,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,148149,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of root taken as a blood tonic and for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149"
43620,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,183,Paiute,153,k32,196,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to broken bones and sprains.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196"
43619,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,148149,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Compound decoction of chopped roots taken for colds and fevers.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149"
43618,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,183,Paiute,153,k32,196,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196"
43617,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,148149,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Simple or compound decoction of chopped roots taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149"
43616,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,148149,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a physic or emetic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149"
43615,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,148149,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of root taken as a blood tonic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149"
43614,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,115,Klamath,173,s30,131,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of smashed roots applied to swellings.,"Spier, Leslie, 1930, Klamath Ethnography, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 30:1-338, page 131"
43613,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,115,Klamath,66,c97,106,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of root used for swellings.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 106"
43609,4203,Wyethia longicaulis Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,396,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomach complaints.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 396"
43608,4203,Wyethia longicaulis Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,396,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of roots used as a wash for inflamed and sore eyes.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 396"
43607,4203,Wyethia longicaulis Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,396,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of roots taken as an emetic.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 396"
43606,4203,Wyethia longicaulis Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,396,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of dried, powdered roots applied to running sores.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 396"
43605,4203,Wyethia longicaulis Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,396,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Poultice of dried, powdered roots applied to burns.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 396"
43604,4203,Wyethia longicaulis Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,396,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of baked roots applied for rheumatism.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 396"
43603,4203,Wyethia longicaulis Gray,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,396,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots used as a wash for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 396"
43598,4199,Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,47,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of roots taken as an emetic.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 47"
43594,4199,Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,174,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for fever.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 174"
43593,4199,Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,174,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for fever and produced perspiration.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 174"
43590,4199,Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,27,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Poultice of pounded root lather used for lung problems.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 27"
43589,4199,Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,27,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pounded root lather used to draw blisters.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 27"
43588,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,148,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Compound decoction of root taken as an 'unfailing cure for syphilis.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148"
43587,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,148,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of root used as a wash for measles.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148"
43586,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,148,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion or decoction of pulverized root taken as an emetic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148"
43585,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,148,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pulped root applied to swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148"
43584,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,148,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion or decoction of pulverized root taken as an emetic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148"
43583,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,85,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of warmed, pounded roots applied for arthritic or rheumatic pain.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
43580,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,384,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of roots applied to swollen limbs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384"
43579,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,384,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roots applied to bruised limbs.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384"
43578,4198,Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,349,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots used for bruise swellings.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 349"
43575,4196,Woodwardia radicans (L.) J. Sm.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,234,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots used externally and internally for pain from injuries.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 234"
43567,4193,Woodsia neomexicana Windham,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Cold, compound infusion taken and used as a lotion for injury, a 'life medicine.'","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
43566,4193,Woodsia neomexicana Windham,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of plant used as a douche at childbirth.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43564,4191,Wikstroemia sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,8,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Plant and other ingredients pounded, squeezed and the resulting liquid taken for asthma.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 8"
43563,4191,Wikstroemia sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,8,2,Drug,36,Laxative,"Plant pounded, squeezed, the resulting liquid poured into a sweet potato and eaten as a laxative.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 8"
43545,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,37,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root bark chewed and the juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 37"
43544,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,37,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Root bark, buds, leaves and other plants pounded and resulting liquid taken for run down condition.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 37"
43543,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,37,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Whole plant & other plants pounded, squeezed, resulting liquid heated & taken for chronic asthma.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 37"
43542,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,37,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Root bark, buds, leaves and other plants pounded and resulting liquid taken for asthma.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 37"
43541,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,12,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Buds and leaves pounded, mixed with water and taken for asthma.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 12"
43540,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,37,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Whole plant & other plants pounded, squeezed & resulting liquid taken for pulmonary complications.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 37"
43539,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,37,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Buds chewed by the mother and given to infants as a laxative.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 37"
43538,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,37,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Buds chewed by the mother and given to infants as a laxative.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 37"
43537,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,37,2,Drug,382,Dietary Aid,"Root bark, buds, leaves and other plants pounded and resulting liquid taken for losing weight.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 37"
43536,4188,Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,352,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of smashed plants applied to snakebites.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 352"
43535,4188,Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,352,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Compound decoction of plants taken as a blood remedy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 352"
43532,4185,Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
43531,4185,Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,292,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of plant used to steam and bathe the body for insanity.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 292"
43530,4185,Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,329,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant used for chronically ill babies.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 329"
43529,4185,Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,272,2,Drug,18,Other,Complex infusion of leaves taken for chronic conditions.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 272"
43514,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,392,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of twigs taken to facilitate passing of afterbirth.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392"
43513,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,392,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Sap used for stomach and bowel troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392"
43511,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,252,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of twigs taken for insanity.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 252"
43510,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,252,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Infusion of twigs held in mouth by children as antidote for poisoning.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 252"
43509,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,252,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of twigs held in child's mouth for pain of Indian turnip poisoning.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 252"
43505,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,58,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Seed or juice used to remove foreign matter from eyes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 58"
43504,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,134,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Ripe grape squeezed into eye to remove rice husk at rice-making camp.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 134"
43494,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of plant given to children with urinating troubles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
43493,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of plant taken for burning urination.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
43492,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of plant given to children with urinating or stomach troubles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
43491,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,18,Other,Vines chewed for hiccoughs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
43490,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
43489,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant given to children with stomach troubles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
43488,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,54,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of plant with rootbark from another plant and wine taken for anemia.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 54"
43487,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Compound decoction of plants taken to make blood.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
43486,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"26, 80",2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Vine sap used for leucorrhea.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 80"
43485,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,26,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Sap considered beneficial to the hair.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26"
43479,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of root taken for diabetes.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
43478,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of root taken for rheumatism.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
43475,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Compound taken for 'irregular urination.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43474,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Taken as a 'fall tonic.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43473,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Compound decoction used to wash child's mouth for thrush.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43472,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43471,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Compound decoction used to wash child's mouth for thrush.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43470,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of leaf taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43469,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Wilted leaves used to draw soreness from breast after birth of a child.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43468,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Taken as a 'fall tonic' and infusion taken for stomach.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43467,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of leaf taken 'for blood.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43466,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound taken for diarrhea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43464,4182,Vitis sp.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied to head for headache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
43463,4182,Vitis sp.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied to head for headache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
43457,4182,Vitis sp.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Roots and branches used for pulmonary troubles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
43456,4182,Vitis sp.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Vine sap used as a wash for hair.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
43454,4180,Vitis rupestris Scheele,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,26,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Compound containing vine used as a tonic by frail women and increases fertility.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26"
43453,4180,Vitis rupestris Scheele,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"26, 80",2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Compound containing vine used as a tonic by frail women and increases fertility.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 80"
43452,4180,Vitis rupestris Scheele,62,Delaware,97,t72,31,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Vine mixed with other plants and used as a tonic for frail women.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31"
43451,4180,Vitis rupestris Scheele,62,Delaware,97,t72,31,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Vine mixed with other plants and used to increase fertility.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31"
43449,4179,Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore,228,Seminole,88,s54,297,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of plant used to wash snakebites.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 297"
43448,4179,Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore,228,Seminole,88,s54,328,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant used for chronically ill babies.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 328"
43447,4179,Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore,228,Seminole,88,s54,409,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic during religious ceremonies.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 409"
43446,4179,Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore,228,Seminole,88,s54,342,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Infusion of plant added to food after a recent death.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 342"
43440,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,264,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Poultice of leaves bound to the head for fever.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 264"
43439,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,264,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves bound to the head for headache.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 264"
43438,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"77, 132",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied to painful area.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 77, 132"
43437,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots mixed with feed to assist horse conception.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
43432,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,41,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of bark taken for urinary troubles.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 41"
43431,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Compound taken for 'irregular urination.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43430,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Taken as a 'fall tonic.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43429,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Compound decoction used to wash child's mouth for thrush.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43428,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43427,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Compound decoction used to wash child's mouth for thrush.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43426,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of leaf taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43425,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Wilted leaves used to draw soreness from breast after birth of a child.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43424,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Taken as a 'fall tonic' and infusion taken 'for stomach.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43423,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of leaf taken 'for blood.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43422,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound taken for diarrhea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43418,4175,Vitis girdiana Munson,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,43,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Sap rubbed on falling or thin hair to keep it healthy and make it grow.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 43"
43374,4171,Vitis arizonica Engelm.,157,Navajo,74,e44,62,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Vine used to make a cross & put on top of the basket of cornmeal & paper bread offered in courtship.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62"
43359,4170,Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis,228,Seminole,88,s54,328,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant used for chronically ill babies.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 328"
43358,4170,Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for stomachaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
43357,4170,Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for fevers.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
43356,4170,Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis,228,Seminole,88,s54,409,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic during religious ceremonies.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 409"
43355,4170,Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis,228,Seminole,88,s54,342,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Infusion of plant added to food after a recent death.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 342"
43354,4170,Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis,228,Seminole,88,s54,282,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for headaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 282"
43353,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Used as a tonic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
43352,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,'Water of the grape vine' taken and used as a wash to induce lactation.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
43351,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Used as a 'refrigerant.',"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
43346,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,41,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of bark taken for urinary troubles.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 41"
43345,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Compound taken for 'irregular urination.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43344,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Taken as a 'fall tonic.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43343,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Compound decoction used to wash child's mouth for thrush.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43342,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'bad disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43341,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Compound decoction used to wash child's mouth for thrush.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43340,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of leaf taken for liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43339,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Wilted leaves used to draw soreness from breast after birth of a child.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43338,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Taken as a 'fall tonic' and infusion taken 'for stomach.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43337,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of leaf taken 'for blood.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43336,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound taken for diarrhea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43334,4168,Vitex trifolia L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,72,2,Drug,,,Leaves and wood thoroughly pounded and used to make a good bath.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 72"
43332,4149,Viola ?pedata L. (pro sp.),32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion taken as spring tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43331,4149,Viola ?pedata L. (pro sp.),32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion sprayed up nose for catarrh.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43330,4149,Viola ?pedata L. (pro sp.),32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed root applied to boils.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43329,4149,Viola ?pedata L. (pro sp.),32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion with sugar taken for cough.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43328,4149,Viola ?pedata L. (pro sp.),32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion taken for colds.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43327,4149,Viola ?pedata L. (pro sp.),32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion taken for blood.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43326,4149,Viola ?pedata L. (pro sp.),32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43325,4149,Viola ?pedata L. (pro sp.),32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43324,4167,Viola striata Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,387,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to make a girl sick and crazy after being refused by her parents.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 387"
43323,4166,Viola sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,291,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Juice used in dogs' noses to clear out the nostrils and enable them to track deer better.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 291"
43322,4166,Viola sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,291,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of mashed leaves and stalks used as a medicine for dogs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 291"
43320,4166,Viola sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,386,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Poultice of smashed roots applied to boils on horse's head.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 386"
43319,4166,Viola sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,386,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of roots taken by mother and baby when baby gets sick.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 386"
43318,4166,Viola sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,386,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Compound decoction of roots taken as a panacea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 386"
43317,4166,Viola sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,386,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of roots used as a wash for eyes.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 386"
43316,4166,Viola sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,386,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of smashed plants applied to wounds.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 386"
43315,4166,Viola sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,9,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant juice used as a salve and poultice of boiled plants applied to sores.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 9"
43311,4165,Viola sororia Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion taken as spring tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43310,4165,Viola sororia Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion sprayed up nose for catarrh.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43309,4165,Viola sororia Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed root applied to boils.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43308,4165,Viola sororia Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion with sugar taken for cough.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43307,4165,Viola sororia Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion taken for colds.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43306,4165,Viola sororia Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion taken for blood.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43305,4165,Viola sororia Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43304,4165,Viola sororia Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43302,4163,Viola sagittata Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,386,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound used to detect bewitchment.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 386"
43300,4162,Viola rotundifolia Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion taken as spring tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43299,4162,Viola rotundifolia Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion sprayed up nose for catarrh.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43298,4162,Viola rotundifolia Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed root applied to boils.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43297,4162,Viola rotundifolia Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion with sugar taken for cough.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43296,4162,Viola rotundifolia Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion taken for colds.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43295,4162,Viola rotundifolia Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion taken for blood.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43294,4162,Viola rotundifolia Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43293,4162,Viola rotundifolia Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43292,4161,Viola pubescens var. pubescens,100,Iroquois,7,h77,387,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Compound decoction of plants taken for indigestion.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 387"
43290,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"87, 88",2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Root used for various heart diseases.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 87, 88"
43289,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root taken in small doses for sore throat.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
43288,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,387,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant taken and used as wash for facial eruptions.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 387"
43286,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion taken as spring tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43285,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion sprayed up nose for catarrh.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43284,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed root applied to boils.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43283,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion with sugar taken for cough.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43282,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion taken for colds.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43281,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion taken for blood.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43280,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43279,4160,Viola pubescens Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43276,4158,Viola nephrophylla Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,36,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36"
43275,4158,Viola nephrophylla Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,36,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36"
43273,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,272,Ute,142,c09,37,2,Drug,,,Roots used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 37"
43271,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion taken as spring tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43270,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion sprayed up nose for catarrh.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43269,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed root applied to boils.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43268,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion with sugar taken for cough.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43267,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion taken for colds.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43266,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion taken for blood.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43265,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43264,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43263,4155,Viola conspersa Reichenb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,392,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of whole plant taken for heart trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392"
43262,4154,Viola canadensis L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for pains near the bladder.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
43258,4151,Viola bicolor Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion taken as spring tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43257,4151,Viola bicolor Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion sprayed up nose for catarrh.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43256,4151,Viola bicolor Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed root applied to boils.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43255,4151,Viola bicolor Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion with sugar taken for cough.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43254,4151,Viola bicolor Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion taken for colds.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43253,4151,Viola bicolor Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion taken for blood.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43252,4151,Viola bicolor Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43251,4151,Viola bicolor Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves used for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43250,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,62,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sore eyes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
43249,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,133,Makah,25,g73,40,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Roots and leaves chewed by women during labor.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
43248,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,114,Klallam,25,g73,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of smashed flowers applied to the chest or side for pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
43247,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,60,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of entire plant taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
43246,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of entire plant taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
43244,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of leaves and roots given to asthmatic children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
43243,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of leaves and roots given to asthmatic children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
43242,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots and leaves applied to sore and swollen joints.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
43234,4147,Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,33,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Flowers and buds chewed by the mother and given to infants for general body weakness.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 33"
43233,4147,Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,33,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Whole plant and other plants pounded, squeezed, the resulting liquid heated and taken for asthma.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 33"
43232,4147,Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,33,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Flowers and buds chewed by the mother and given to infants for general body weakness.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 33"
43231,4147,Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,33,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Whole plant & other plants pounded, squeezed & resulting liquid applied to boils & ruptured skin.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 33"
43230,4146,Vicia villosa Roth,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,35,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Compound infusion with dried leaves taken for stomach pain.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 35"
43229,4146,Vicia villosa Roth,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,35,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Compound infusion with dried leaves taken for sores.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 35"
43226,4144,Vicia sativa ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used on the hair for headaches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
43225,4144,Vicia sativa ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,365,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Cold infusion of plant used as a love medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 365"
43224,4144,Vicia sativa ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,365,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant taken by women with swollen external sexual organs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 365"
43223,4144,Vicia sativa ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,365,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of plant taken by women with suppressed menses.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 365"
43222,4143,Vicia nigricans ssp. gigantea (Hook.) Lassetter & Gunn.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,85,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of pounded roots used as a hair tonic for falling hair and dandruff.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 85"
43221,4143,Vicia nigricans ssp. gigantea (Hook.) Lassetter & Gunn.,210,Quinault,25,g73,39,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Roots rubbed on woman and placed under pillow to bring back husband.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
43219,4143,Vicia nigricans ssp. gigantea (Hook.) Lassetter & Gunn.,133,Makah,3,g83,283,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,"Used as a 'love medicine.' If you want your girlfriend to love you, take the plant and rub down with it after bathing, and she will love you forever.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 283"
43218,4143,Vicia nigricans ssp. gigantea (Hook.) Lassetter & Gunn.,133,Makah,25,g73,39,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots used as a hair wash.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
43215,4143,Vicia nigricans ssp. gigantea (Hook.) Lassetter & Gunn.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,19,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of roots used as a laxative.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 19"
43210,4141,Vicia faba L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,59,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 59"
43209,4141,Vicia faba L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,59,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in the Coyote Chant for medicine.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 59"
43208,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Compound taken by ball players for wind during game.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43207,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Used for back pains, to toughen muscles, for muscular cramps and twitching.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43206,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,34,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant rubbed into scratches made over location of muscle pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 34"
43205,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Used for 'blacks' and compound used for rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43204,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction taken for dyspepsia.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43203,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,34,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of plant taken as an emetic.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 34"
43202,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Compound used for rheumatism.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43201,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Used for back pains, local pains and rubbed on stomach cramps.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
43200,4140,Vicia caroliniana Walt.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,34,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant rubbed into scratches made over location of muscle pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 34"
43197,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,39,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed leaves used as a bath for soreness.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
43196,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,106,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Infusion of tops used as a bathing solution in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
43195,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,33,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Plant used as 'life medicine.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"
43194,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,33,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of plant used as an eyewash.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"
43193,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,29,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant smoked by horse to increase the horse's endurance.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 29"
43185,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves rubbed in hands and applied to spider bites.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43184,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,365,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Infusion of roots used by women as a love medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 365"
43182,4138,Viburnum sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,445,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Infusion of plant taken as a contraceptive.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 445"
43181,4137,Viburnum recognitum Fern.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,448,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice applied to swollen legs of woman after birth of the baby.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448"
43180,4137,Viburnum recognitum Fern.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Decoction of twigs taken by women to prevent conception.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43179,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,141,Micmac,155,w22,28,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of plant taken before and during parturition.,"Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 28"
43176,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"26, 80",2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Compound containing root bark used as a tonic for the 'female generative organs.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 80"
43175,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,31,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Root bark combined with leaves of other plants and used to strengthen female generative organs.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31"
43174,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Root bark taken as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43173,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of bark used as a wash for sore tongue.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43172,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Compound infusion taken for smallpox and ague.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43171,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Compound infusion taken for fever.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43170,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Root bark taken as a diaphoretic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43169,4136,Viburnum prunifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Infusion taken to prevent recurrent spasms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43166,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
43165,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of inner bark taken as a physic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
43164,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
43158,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Compound infusion of roots taken as blood purifier or for prenatal strength.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43157,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Compound decoction of bark taken by fat people who have difficulty breathing.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43156,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of roots given to babies with fevers.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43155,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Compound infusion of roots taken as blood purifier or for prenatal strength.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43154,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of bark taken as a laxative.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43153,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for fevers and kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43152,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Compound decoction of root taken to regulate the heart and as blood medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43151,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of branches taken for fallen womb after birth.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43150,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Compound decoction of stalks taken to prevent hemorrhage after childbirth.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43149,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of bark taken to vomit for fever.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43148,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of roots given to babies with fevers.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43147,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of bark taken to vomit for bad blood and fever.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43146,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Compound infusion of plants taken for colds and fevers.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43145,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of bark taken to vomit for bad blood.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43144,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of plants taken as a blood purifier and blood medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43141,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,141,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of roots taken for prolapsus of the uterus.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 141"
43134,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,310,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of berries taken for swollen glands and mumps.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310"
43130,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,316,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plant used as a salve for sore eyes.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 316"
43129,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,63,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Bark used for swollen glands and mumps.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 63"
43128,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,208,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken by 'one who feels pain over his entire body.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 208"
43126,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Berries considered 'good' for the liver.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
43125,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Berries considered 'good' for the blood.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
43123,4133,Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Root bark used as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43122,4133,Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of bark used as a wash for sore tongue.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43121,4133,Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Compound infusion taken for smallpox and ague.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43120,4133,Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Compound infusion taken for fever.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43119,4133,Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Root bark used as a diaphoretic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43118,4133,Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Infusion taken to prevent recurrent spasms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43108,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of inner bark used as a diuretic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
43107,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,63,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Roots used for irregular menstruation.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 63"
43105,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,258,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Infusion of roots used for irregular menstruation.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 258"
43100,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,448,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448"
43099,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,448,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448"
43098,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,448,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of roots taken for spitting blood.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448"
43097,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,64,"Delaware, Ontario",22,t42,"66, 82",2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Compound infusion of leaves taken for measles.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 66, 82"
43095,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,142,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of leaves taken or poultice of leaves applied for dysuria.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 142"
43094,4131,Viburnum lantanoides Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Compound decoction of plants taken for worms caused by venereal disease.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43093,4131,Viburnum lantanoides Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of plants taken for a sore chest and loss of breath.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43092,4131,Viburnum lantanoides Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant used as a love medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43091,4131,Viburnum lantanoides Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken as fertility drug by women.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43090,4131,Viburnum lantanoides Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of roots taken as a blood medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43089,4131,Viburnum lantanoides Michx.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,446,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Compound decoction of plants taken for worms caused by venereal disease.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446"
43088,4131,Viburnum lantanoides Michx.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,134,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves mashed and rubbed on the head for migraines.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 134"
43071,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Berries eaten for sore throats.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43070,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43069,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Berries eaten for colds.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43055,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound decoction of twigs and bark taken for consumption.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43054,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Compound decoction taken for weak eyes.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43053,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Compound decoction of twigs and bark taken for coughs.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43052,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction taken for headache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43043,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,69,"Eskimo, Chugach",94,s73,326,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a gargle for sore throats.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 326"
43038,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for sickness associated with teething.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43037,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Twig tips chewed and swallowed for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43036,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used in a gargle taken for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43035,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves and stems taken for sore throats.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43034,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of roots taken for sickness associated with teething.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43033,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of chewed, unopened flower buds applied to lip sores.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
43032,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,64,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of crushed inner bark taken as a purgative.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43031,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,64,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of crushed inner bark taken for dysentery.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43029,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,27,Carrier,134,c73,77,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of stems taken for coughs.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 77"
43027,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,64,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Bark chewed and juice swallowed for whooping cough and 'cold on the lungs.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43026,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,64,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Bark chewed and juice swallowed for 'cold on the lungs.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43023,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,28,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for colic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 28"
43022,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,29,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 29"
43021,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of bark taken and applied as poultice for pain caused by witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43020,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of plants taken by men for stricture and painful urination.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43019,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of plants taken to suppress excessive menses.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43018,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken and applied as poultice for pain caused by witchcraft.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43017,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken for stomach cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
43016,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,346,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Cool infusion of bark taken as an emetic.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346"
43015,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,346,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Compound decoction of scraped inner bark taken as an emetic.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346"
43014,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,344,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark taken for cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
43013,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Root bark taken as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43012,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of bark used as a wash for sore tongue.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43011,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Compound infusion taken for smallpox and ague.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43010,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Compound infusion taken for fever.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43009,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Root bark taken as a diaphoretic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43008,4128,Viburnum acerifolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Infusion taken to prevent recurrent spasms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
43007,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,200,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of crushed root taken as a cathartic.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200"
43006,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used by women for weakness.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
43005,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of root taken for 'ague of long standing.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
43004,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Root used for constipation and fits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
43003,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used to dissolve gravel in the kidneys and for fits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
43002,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Root used by women in labor.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
43001,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Root used for fits and constipation.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
43000,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,138,Menominee,176,d32,131,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of root taken as a mild laxative.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131"
42999,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,138,Menominee,176,d32,131,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Strong decoction of root taken as powerful emetic.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131"
42998,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"53, 54",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Used as a 'reviver' to purify whoever had been defiled by touch of bereaved.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 53, 54"
42997,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,138,Menominee,176,d32,131,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Strong decoction of root taken as powerful cathartic.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131"
42996,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"53, 54",2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Root used as a strong physic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 53, 54"
42995,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Infusion of roots taken as a witch medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
42994,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of smashed roots taken for chest lumps caused by a cold drink.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
42993,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,436,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 436"
42992,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of roots taken for all ailments and fevers.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
42991,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,436,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Decoction of roots taken as a physic or for a bad heart.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 436"
42990,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of smashed roots taken for biliousness and gall stones.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
42989,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of roots taken for chills and fevers.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
42988,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of roots taken as an emetic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
42987,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of roots taken for coughs and as a physic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
42986,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction or infusion of roots taken as a physic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
42985,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Plant used for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
42984,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,435,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots taken for chills or diarrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435"
42983,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,354,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound decoction of root used as cathartic to cleanse blood in scrofula cases.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 354"
42982,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,354,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound decoction of root used as a blood-cleansing cathartic for scrofula sores.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 354"
42981,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,346,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a physic.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346"
42980,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,354,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Compound decoction of root used as a blood-cleansing cathartic for scrofula sores.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 354"
42979,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,346,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of root taken 'to cleanse the blood.',"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346"
42978,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,354,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Compound decoction of root used as cathartic to cleanse blood in scrofula cases.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 354"
42977,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Used as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
42976,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,'Good for typhus and bilious fevers.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
42975,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Compound taken for 'inactive liver.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
42974,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Chewed for colic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
42973,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,'Good for typhus and bilious fevers.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
42972,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Used as an antiseptic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
42971,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Root used as a diaphoretic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
42970,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Used as a purgative.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
42969,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion used for backache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
42968,4126,Veronica serpyllifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Taken by thirsty patient for chills.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
42967,4126,Veronica serpyllifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Warm juice used for earaches.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
42966,4126,Veronica serpyllifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used to poultice boils.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
42965,4126,Veronica serpyllifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Taken with sugar for coughs.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
42964,4125,Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Plant chewed and blown toward deer for good luck in hunting.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42963,4125,Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction taken for 'deer infection' from overeating venison.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42962,4125,Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42961,4125,Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction taken for 'deer infection' from overeating venison.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42960,4125,Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic and fumigant.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42959,4124,Veronica officinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,436,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction of plants taken as an emetic to neutralize witchcraft and spoil hunting.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 436"
42958,4124,Veronica officinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,436,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plants mixed with feed and used as wash for dried up cow's udders.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 436"
42957,4124,Veronica officinalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,436,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of plants taken as an emetic to neutralize witchcraft and spoil hunting.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 436"
42956,4124,Veronica officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,57,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken to ease childbirth.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
42955,4124,Veronica officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Taken by thirsty patient for chills.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
42954,4124,Veronica officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Warm juice used for earaches.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
42953,4124,Veronica officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used to poultice boils.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
42952,4124,Veronica officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Taken with sugar for coughs.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
42951,4123,Veronica americana Schwein. ex Benth.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42950,4123,Veronica americana Schwein. ex Benth.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42949,4122,Vernonia sp.,156,Natchez,115,t40,64,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of whole plant taken for dysentery.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 64"
42948,4121,Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of root used for loose teeth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42947,4121,Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Various infusions given 'for monthly period' and to 'prevent menstruation.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42946,4121,Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root given for pains after childbirth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42945,4121,Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of root given 'for stomach ulcers or hemorrhage.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42944,4121,Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion taken for blood.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42943,4121,Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root given for pains after childbirth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42939,4120,Vernonia missurica Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,62,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plants used as a wash for dandruff.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
42938,4119,Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Infusion of root used for loose teeth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42937,4119,Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Various infusions given 'for monthly period' and to 'prevent menstruation.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42936,4119,Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root given for pains after childbirth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42935,4119,Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of root given 'for stomach ulcers or hemorrhage.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42934,4119,Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion taken for blood.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42933,4119,Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root given for pains after childbirth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
42932,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,198,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,"Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198"
42931,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
42930,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,198,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198"
42929,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,198,2,Drug,36,Laxative,"Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198"
42928,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,276,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root bark taken as an emetic for stomachaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 276"
42927,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,203,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203"
42926,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,283,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Plant used as a fever medicine.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 283"
42925,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,209,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Infusion of plant taken and used as a bath for mist sickness: eye disease, fever and chills.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 209"
42924,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,198,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198"
42923,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,209,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Infusion of plant taken and used as a bath for mist sickness: eye disease, fever and chills.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 209"
42922,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Root bark used as an emetic to 'clean the insides.',"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
42921,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,276,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of root bark taken as an emetic for stomachaches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 276"
42920,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,167,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,"Root bark used as a purification emetic after funerals, at doctor's school & after death of patient.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167"
42919,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,203,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203"
42918,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198"
42917,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of root taken 'during attacks of fever.',"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
42916,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,64,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Cold infusion of pounded roots taken for fevers.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 64"
42915,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,35,Chickasaw,138,c51,289,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Plant used as an antivenereal agent.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
42914,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,35,Chickasaw,138,c51,289,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
42913,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,35,Chickasaw,138,c51,289,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root used for 'Fluor Albus' and uterine weakness.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
42912,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,35,Chickasaw,138,c51,289,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Plant used as a diuretic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
42911,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,35,Chickasaw,138,c51,289,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Plant used as a 'deobstruant.',"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
42909,4116,Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman,291,Zuni,6,s15,"53, 54",2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Compound poultice of root applied with much ceremony to rattlesnake bite.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 53, 54"
42908,4116,Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman,291,Zuni,6,s15,63,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Blossoms chewed and swallowed with water as an emetic for stomach cramps.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 63"
42907,4116,Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman,291,Zuni,6,s15,63,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Blossoms chewed and swallowed with water as an emetic for stomach cramps.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 63"
42906,4116,Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman,291,Zuni,6,s15,63,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Blossoms chewed and swallowed with water as an emetic for stomach cramps.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 63"
42901,4116,Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,54,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Petals chewed for good luck in hunting.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
42899,4116,Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman,157,Navajo,74,e44,90,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion of dried, crushed leaves taken for stomach troubles.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 90"
42897,4115,Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Gray,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,51,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant taken and plant used as a lotion for spider bites.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 51"
42896,4115,Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Gray,95,Hopi,37,w39,99,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of plant said to remove fever and itch from a spider bite.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 99"
42895,4115,Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Gray,95,Hopi,37,w39,"32, 99",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used as a wash for fever or itch from spider bites.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32, 99"
42894,4115,Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Gray,95,Hopi,37,w39,99,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant said to remove fever and itch from a spider bite.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 99"
42893,4114,Verbena urticifolia L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,251252,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root eaten to revive patient and restore him to health.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 251252"
42892,4114,Verbena urticifolia L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,251252,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root used for profuse menstruation.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 251252"
42890,4113,Verbena stricta Vent.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,363,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for stomachaches.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363"
42889,4112,Verbena sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,421,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for colds.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 421"
42888,4111,Verbena officinalis L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,65,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of roots taken for kidney and liver trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 65"
42887,4111,Verbena officinalis L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,65,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for kidney and liver trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 65"
42886,4110,Verbena macdougalii Heller,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for fever.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
42885,4110,Verbena macdougalii Heller,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in various ceremonial ways as a lotion and fumigant.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
42884,4109,Verbena lasiostachys Link,50,Costanoan,16,b84,15,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of plant used for typhoid fever.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 15"
42883,4109,Verbena lasiostachys Link,50,Costanoan,16,b84,15,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant used for 'fever of the stomach.',"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 15"
42882,4109,Verbena lasiostachys Link,50,Costanoan,16,b84,15,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of plant used for fevers and 'fever of the stomach.',"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 15"
42880,4108,Verbena hastata L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,58,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of root taken to 'clear up cloudy urine.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 58"
42879,4108,Verbena hastata L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,9,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Roots used for complicated stomach fevers.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 9"
42878,4108,Verbena hastata L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,9,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Roots used for complicated stomach fevers.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 9"
42877,4108,Verbena hastata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,422,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion of smashed leaves used to make an obnoxious person leave.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 422"
42876,4108,Verbena hastata L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,58,2,Drug,138,Poultice,"Poultice of cut, wetted root applied to the head to cool off.","Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 58"
42875,4108,Verbena hastata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,422,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of whole plant taken for 'summer complaint.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 422"
42874,4108,Verbena hastata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,422,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for stomach cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 422"
42873,4108,Verbena hastata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,422,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Compound infusion of roots used as drops for earaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 422"
42872,4108,Verbena hastata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,422,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Compound decoction of roots taken for worms.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 422"
42871,4108,Verbena hastata L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,80,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Compound containing root used for 'chills.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 80"
42870,4108,Verbena hastata L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,111,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for stomachache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
42869,4108,Verbena hastata L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,111,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for stomachache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
42867,4108,Verbena hastata L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,356,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Snuff of dried flowers used for nosebleed.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
42866,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Taken as a general or breast complaint tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42865,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,One quart proof spirits and one handful of roots used for dropsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42864,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Taken to strengthen stomach.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42863,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Compound used for flux and old bowel complaints.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42862,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Leaves, seeds and roots used for early stages of fever.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42861,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,40,Emetic,"Leaves, seeds and roots used as an emetic.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42860,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Used as a sudorific.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42859,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Astringent root compound taken for flux.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42858,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Ttaken for coughs.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42857,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Taken for colds.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42856,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,148,Breast Treatment,Taken as a tonic for breast complaints.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42855,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Compound taken for flux, old bowel complaints and dysentery.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42854,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used for afterpains and taken as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42853,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Used for female obstructions.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42852,4107,Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant applied to centipede bite.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
42851,4107,Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,41,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in ceremonial chant lotion.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
42850,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,378,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of powdered root applied to sores, rashes and skin infections.","Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 378"
42849,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,378,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of root used for athlete's foot infection.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 378"
42846,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,287,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Juice rubbed on warts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 287"
42845,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,287,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of leaves taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 287"
42844,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,287,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leaves taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 287"
42843,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken with sugar for colds.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
42842,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,216,Salish,144,teit28,293,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plants taken for consumption.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 293"
42841,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,28,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of leaves rubbed or poultice applied to cattle swellings and sprains.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 28"
42840,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,28,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a hot poultice for human or animal sprains.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 28"
42839,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,28,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves rubbed on human or cattle swellings.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 28"
42838,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"83, 84",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves smudged to revive unconscious person.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 83, 84"
42837,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"83, 84",2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Dried leaves smoked in a pipe for asthma and smudged leaves inhaled for catarrh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 83, 84"
42836,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,310,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Dried, powdered leaves smoked for asthma.","Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310"
42835,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2304,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Peeled roots used as a heart stimulant.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2304"
42834,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Cold infusion of leaves rubbed on bodies of horses for strength.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42833,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Cold infusion of leaves rubbed on bodies of hunters for strength.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42832,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Dried leaves smoked in corn husk 'to clear the mind if lost.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42831,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Leaves smoked for fever.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42830,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,45,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Leaves smoked for cough.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45"
42829,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,157,Navajo,141,h56,156,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plants 'lighted and smoked for worms in sheep's nose.',"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 156"
42828,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,"56, 84",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Poultice of leaves in vinegar bound to neck, head, wrists and feet for fever.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 56, 84"
42827,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,265,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves smoked for sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"
42826,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"77, 132",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dried leaves smoked for sore throat.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 77, 132"
42825,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,265,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Leaves smoked for asthma.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"
42824,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"77, 132",2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Dried leaves smoked for asthma.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 77, 132"
42823,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"77, 132",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of leaves mixed with molasses and taken for coughs.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 77, 132"
42822,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,270,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Compound infusion of leaves taken for coughs.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 270"
42821,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken with sugar for colds.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
42820,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,63,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Parts of plant used for catarrh and leaves used for asthma.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 63"
42819,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,63,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Parts of plant used for sores and cuts.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 63"
42817,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,53,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Root used for pulmonary disease.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 53"
42816,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Plants smoked and used for catarrh.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
42815,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,246,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves used for sores and cuts.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 246"
42812,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Dried leaves smoked for consumption.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42811,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,431,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied to face for toothaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 431"
42810,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,57,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Infusion of leaves, roots and flowers from another plant used for asthma.","Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 57"
42809,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,431,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Dried leaves smoked for catarrh and asthma.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 431"
42808,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,431,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of leaves given to babies to regulate their bowels.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 431"
42807,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of whole plant given to babies with a rash.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42806,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Compound decoction given and applied as poultice to baby's broken coccyx.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42805,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction given and applied as poultice to baby's broken coccyx.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42804,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied to face for mumps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42803,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,431,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of leaves given to babies to regulate their bowels.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 431"
42802,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,433,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied to piles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 433"
42801,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,433,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves taken for fevers.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 433"
42800,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Poultice of heated leaves applied for earaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42799,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of leaves applied to swellings, abscesses, sores and erysipelas.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42798,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of whole plant given to babies with a rash.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42797,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Complex compound taken as blood purifier.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42796,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound decoction of roots and leaves taken for diarrhea with blood.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42795,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,432,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Dried leaves smoked for bad hiccoughs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432"
42794,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,95,Hopi,37,w39,92,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Compound of plant smoked as cure for persons 'with power to charm.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92"
42793,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,95,Hopi,37,w39,92,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Compound of plant smoked by persons not in their 'right mind.',"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92"
42792,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"33, 92",2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,"Leaves smoked with onosmodium for 'fits,' craziness and witchcraft.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 92"
42791,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,64,"Delaware, Ontario",22,t42,66,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to bruises for swelling and pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 66"
42790,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,64,"Delaware, Ontario",22,t42,"66, 82",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to bruises for pain and swelling.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 66, 82"
42789,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 80",2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Compound decoction of leaves taken for catarrh.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 80"
42788,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 80",2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Compound decoction of leaves taken for lung trouble.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 80"
42787,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 31",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Compound containing leaves taken for catarrh, coughs and lung trouble.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 31"
42786,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,80,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Leaves used for colds.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 80"
42785,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 80",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated leaves used for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 80"
42784,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 31",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied for rheumatic pain.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 31"
42783,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Leaves combined with coltsfoot, plum root and glycerine and used as a syrup for catarrh.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
42782,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Leaves combined with coltsfoot, plum root and glycerine and used as a syrup for lung trouble.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
42781,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Leaves combined with coltsfoot, plum root and glycerine and used as a syrup for coughs.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
42780,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated leaves applied to the joints and body for rheumatism pain and swelling.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
42779,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,59,Creek,115,t40,57,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of roots taken as a cough remedy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
42778,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,660661,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Compound decoction of root taken for coughs.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 660661"
42777,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,57,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Poultice of beaten leaves applied to the throat for diphtheria.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
42776,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Leaves wrapped around neck for mumps and scalded leaves used on swollen glands.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
42775,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken 'for kidneys' and used to bathe legs for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
42774,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root or leaf taken for 'female trouble.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
42773,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,177,Gland Medicine,Scalded leaves used on swollen glands.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
42772,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves rubbed under armpits for 'prickly rash' and flowers used on sores.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
42771,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Compound decoction of leaf taken with brown sugar or honey as a cough syrup.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
42770,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound taken for 'pains.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
42769,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,30,Catawba,75,s37,190,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of roots given to children with croup.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 190"
42768,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,30,Catawba,75,s37,190,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of roots given to children with croup.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 190"
42767,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,30,Catawba,75,s37,190,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of smashed leaves applied to sprains.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 190"
42766,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,30,Catawba,75,s37,190,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of smashed leaves applied to swellings, bruises and wounds.","Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 190"
42765,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,30,Catawba,75,s37,190,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of smashed leaves applied to pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 190"
42764,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,,,Crushed leaves rubbed over the body during a sweatbath.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
42763,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Crushed leaves rubbed over the body in the sweatbath.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
42762,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of raw leaves applied to cuts.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
42761,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pounded, raw leaves applied to cuts.","Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
42760,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leaves taken for colds.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
42759,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leaves taken for colds.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
42758,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of leaves taken for rheumatism.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
42757,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of leaves taken for rheumatism.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
42756,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Used by children for teething.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
42755,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,171,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots used to make a necklace worn by teething babies.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 171"
42754,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,154,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant made into a magical necklace and worn by children for teething.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154"
42753,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Used by children for teething.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
42752,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,171,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Roots used to make a necklace worn by teething babies.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 171"
42751,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,267,Tsimshian,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Roots used as a snuff for sinus infections.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42750,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,267,Tsimshian,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Roots used for insanity.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42749,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,267,Tsimshian,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Roots used for scalp disease.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42748,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,267,Tsimshian,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used for arthritis.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42747,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of boiled roots used for sore throat. One informant cautioned that it should not be taken internally because of its extreme toxicity.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42746,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Burned leaf ashes and Vaseline used as a diaper ointment to prevent babies from messing diapers. The ashes were probably originally mixed with deer or bear fat.  The ointment was very strong and had to be used with extreme caution.  One informant cautioned that it should not be taken internally because of its extreme toxicity.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42745,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant considered good for broken bones. One informant cautioned that it should not be taken internally because of its extreme toxicity.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42744,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Poultice of root used for phlebitis. One informant cautioned that it should not be taken internally because of its extreme toxicity.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42743,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,"Decoction of dried, burned roots taken for blood disorders.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
42742,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Washed, mashed roots rubbed on body parts with water or mixed with snowbrush for arthritis. The informants cautioned never to use this medicine internally or to let it get near the eyes, mouth or open sores because of its extreme toxicity.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42741,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used externally for arthritis. One informant cautioned that it should not be taken internally because of its extreme toxicity.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42740,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used for sore feet. One informant cautioned that it should not be taken internally because of its extreme toxicity.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
42739,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
42738,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used to make hair grow on a bald head.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
42736,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,76,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Roots used in medicinal sweatbaths.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 76"
42735,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,76,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used in small doses for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 76"
42734,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,76,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used in small doses for internal pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 76"
42733,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,216,Salish,144,teit28,294,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294"
42732,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,216,Salish,144,teit28,294,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Dried, powdered roots used as a snuff for colds.","Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294"
42731,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,210,Quinault,25,g73,24,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
42730,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,210,Quinault,25,g73,24,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of whole plant taken for rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
42728,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,79,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to animals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 79"
42727,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,79,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Dried roots used in bath water for arthritis or rheumatism.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 79"
42726,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,"Decoction of dried, burned roots taken for blood disorders.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
42725,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used in 'witchcraft' or 'plhax' to jinx people.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
42724,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
42723,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to the skin by hunters for backaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
42722,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Roots rubbed in each eye and the tip of the nose of hunting dogs during 'training.',"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
42721,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Roots dried, powdered and used as a snuff to cause sneezing and clear the sinuses for colds.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
42720,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used for rheumatism or arthritis.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42719,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,50,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of raw roots applied carefully to the skin for rheumatic and arthritic pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
42716,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,13,Poison,Secondary roots considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42715,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Root hung around child's neck to ward off disease-causing spirits.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42714,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Braided leaves with the root suspended worn around the neck by sick people.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42713,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots and oil rubbed on bloody back for back pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42712,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,267,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of roots applied to sore backs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 267"
42711,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,36,Laxative,"Large, fleshy roots held in the mouth as a laxative.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42710,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Leaves rubbed on body to purify hunter.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42709,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of scraped roots taken to induce vomiting for internal pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42708,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of scraped roots applied to swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42707,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Cold infusion of roots rubbed on the scalp for dandruff.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42706,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Powdered leaves used as snuff for bad colds.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42705,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots and oil rubbed on bloody back for back pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42704,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of roots or leaves applied to the chest for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42703,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of scraped roots taken to induce vomiting for internal pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42702,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Juice taken by women to bring about an abortion.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42701,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,73,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,"Snuff of dried, powdered rootstocks used to clear the nasal passages.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 73"
42699,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,323,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots and rhizomes applied externally for arthritis.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 323"
42698,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,280,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Dried root used as snuff for tuberculosis.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 280"
42697,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,280,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Dried plants or dried roots used as snuff for catarrh, headaches and colds.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 280"
42696,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,280,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Compound infusion of roots used as a poultice to break open boils.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 280"
42695,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,280,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Dried plants or powdered roots used as snuff for catarrh, headaches and colds.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 280"
42694,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,280,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Compound of dried plants used as snuff for catarrh, headaches and colds.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 280"
42687,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,,,Decoction of roots used as an internal medicine for unspecified purposes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42686,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Poultice of roots, rhizomes & Sitka spruce pitch paste applied to chest for respiratory afflictions.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42685,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,184,Hypotensive,Plant used for high blood pressure.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42684,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Plant used for any blood related disorder.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42683,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of roots taken for various types of swellings.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42682,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of roots, rhizomes and Sitka spruce pitch applied to sore areas.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42681,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered highly toxic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42680,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Roots put on the ends of arrows by the shaman to shoot towards 'disease spirits.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42675,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,15,Sedative,"Decoction of cleaned, sliced, dried and boiled roots used as a sedative.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42674,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,36,Laxative,"Decoction of cleaned, sliced, dried and boiled roots used as a laxative.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42673,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of roots applied to stop flow of blood from areas cut to release disease causing objects.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42672,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42671,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Plant used as a snuff for colds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42670,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of cleaned, sliced, dried and boiled roots used for rheumatism.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42665,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,18,Other,Smoke used to assist the spirits of sleepwalkers to return to their bodies.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42664,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Roots used in purification rituals for hunting and trapping.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42663,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,76,Flathead,30,h92,73,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,"Snuff of dried, powdered rootstocks used to clear the nasal passages.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 73"
42662,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,24,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
42661,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied for pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
42660,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,8,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of roots rubbed on 'leg scratches' for languor.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8"
42659,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,8,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of roots rubbed on 'leg scratches' for kindred ailments.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8"
42658,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound used as liniment for sore muscles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
42657,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound used as a liniment for pains or sore muscles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
42656,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,8,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots rubbed on 'leg scratches' for rheumatism.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8"
42655,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,8,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used as wash for aches and pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8"
42654,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound used as liniment for pains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
42653,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,53,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Infusion of powdered root, strong infusion fatal, taken as an emetic.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42652,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,53,2,Drug,40,Emetic,"Infusion of dried, powdered root taken as 'an emetic for sickness.'","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42650,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,13,Poison,Poisonous roots ingested for suicide.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
42649,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaves chewed by children for drooling.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
42648,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,Stems scraped and the powder snuffed to induce sneezing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
42647,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant taken for indigestion.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
42646,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poisonous roots dried, crushed and snuffed for headaches.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
42643,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of bulb taken for gonorrhea and chronic cough.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42642,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,13,Poison,Overdose of raw root considered fatal.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42641,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots used as compresses for sprains and fractures.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42640,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of bulb taken for constipation and cough.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42639,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Poultice of compound containing bulb applied to chest for heart trouble.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42638,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bulb taken or raw root eaten for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42637,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,199,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Outer roots used as an emetic.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"
42636,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of bulb taken or raw root eaten as an emetic for stomach pains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42635,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Roots used for skin washes and compresses for bruises.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42634,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bulb taken for chronic cough.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42633,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of compound containing bulb applied to arms for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42632,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bulbs taken or pieces of root swallowed for stomach pain.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
42631,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,161,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 161"
42630,4104,Veratrum sp.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,49,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Poultice of mashed, raw root applied to horses for snakebites.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 49"
42629,4104,Veratrum sp.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,49,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of mashed, raw root applied to snakebites.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 49"
42627,4103,Veratrum californicum var. californicum,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root poisonous to eat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
42626,4103,Veratrum californicum var. californicum,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Small piece of root snuffed up nose for headache.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
42625,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,276,Washo,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of root taken as an emetic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42624,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,276,Washo,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Dry, powdered root sprinkled on sores to promote healing.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42623,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,276,Washo,111,m90,46,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Infusion of fresh or cured root taken for birth control to ensure sterility for life.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 46"
42622,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,276,Washo,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pulped root applied with friction as a liniment.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42621,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Decoction of root ashes taken for blood disorders, especially syphilis.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
42620,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Dried, powdered root used as snuff to cause sneezing to clear a headcold.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
42619,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous if eaten in large quantities.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
42618,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of root ashes taken for blood disorders.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
42617,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Raw root chewed and juice swallowed for sore throats or inflamed tonsils.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42616,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of root applied for sore throats and enlarged glands from tonsillitis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42615,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulped root applied to snakebites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42614,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Poultice of root applied for sore nipples.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42613,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,177,Gland Medicine,Poultice of root applied for enlarged throat glands and blood poisoning.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42612,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Poultice of root applied for infections.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42611,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of mashed, raw root applied to boils, sores, cuts or swellings.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42610,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,46,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Infusion of fresh or cured root taken for birth control to ensure sterility for life.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 46"
42609,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Decoction of root taken by both men and women as a contraceptive.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42608,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Decoction of root taken as a contraceptive 'to insure permanent sterility.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42607,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Raw root chewed and juice swallowed for 'heavy colds.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42606,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pulped root applied with friction as a liniment.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42605,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,147148,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of root applied for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 147148"
42603,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,127,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of mashed plant applied to sprains and broken bones.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 127"
42602,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,127,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed roots applied to rattlesnake bites to draw out the poison.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 127"
42601,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,127,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of grated roots applied to cuts, sores and snakebites.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 127"
42600,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,127,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Roots grated, chewed and the juice swallowed for colds.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 127"
42599,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,127,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed roots applied to swollen arms and legs.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 127"
42597,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,183,Paiute,98,m53,54,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Poultice of mashed roots applied to saddle sores on horses.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 54"
42596,4102,Veratrum californicum Dur.,183,Paiute,153,k32,198,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for venereal disease.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 198"