id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
6,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,2,Drug,,,Bark and other plants used for 'sickness.',"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
13,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,316,2,Drug,,,Decoction of bark used medicinally.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 316"
26,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
32,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,163,2,Drug,,,Needles and wood stuffed into pillows and used for good health.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 163"
33,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,164,2,Drug,,,Needles stuffed into pillows and used for good health.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 164"
39,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,,,Needles used in a sudatory for women after childbirth and for other purposes.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
72,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Pitch used in medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
83,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,,,Poultice of fresh inner bark used for unspecified illnesses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
146,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,50,2,Drug,,,Tree used as medicine.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
167,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,,,Boughs placed in fire and smoke inhaled to prevent sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
203,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
310,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
580,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,196,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 196"
649,34,Acer saccharinum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,2,Drug,,,"Sap, thimbleberries and water used to make a medicine.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
683,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,2,Drug,,,"Sap, thimbleberries and water used to make a medicine.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
812,38,Achillea millefolium L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,220,2,Drug,,,Plants placed on heated rocks and rising vapors used for unspecified illness.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 220"
983,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,,,Roots and stems considered 'a good medicine.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
1003,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,716,2,Drug,,,Infusion of dried plants used for medicinal purposes.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716"
1004,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,74,"Eskimo, Nunivak",94,s73,325,2,Drug,,,Infusion of dried plants used for its medicinal qualities.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325"
1161,50,Aconitum delphiniifolium DC.,216,Salish,144,teit28,294,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294"
1232,55,Acorus calamus L.,55,"Cree, Alberta",94,s73,331,2,Drug,,,Root chewed for the medicinal effects.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331"
1311,55,Acorus calamus L.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Used for medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
1329,55,Acorus calamus L.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,2,Drug,,,Roots chewed for medicinal use.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
1596,72,Adiantum sp.,16,Apalachee,197,hann86,98,2,Drug,,,Plant water used for medicinal purposes.,"Hann, John H., 1986, The Use and Processing of Plants by Indians of Spanish Florida, Southeastern Archaeology 5(2):1-102, page 98"
1675,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,27,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves taken for its medicinal qualities.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 27"
1714,87,Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,225,2,Drug,,,Compound of plant heads used medicinally.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225"
2326,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,2,Drug,,,Cones used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
2382,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,,,Decoction of bark taken for the body.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
2416,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,55,2,Drug,,,Cones used for an 'unspecified complaint.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2434,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,,,Bark and other plants used to make a salve.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
2462,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
2499,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,,,"Infusion of stem bark, not from root, taken for many maladies.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2512,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,94,Hoh,77,r36,61,2,Drug,,,Infusion of bark used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
2547,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,243,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"
2566,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,209,Quileute,77,r36,61,2,Drug,,,Infusion of bark used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
2622,174,Alnus sp.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Used to make medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
2671,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,55,2,Drug,,,Cones used for an 'unspecified complaint.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2672,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,2,Drug,,,Cones used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
2897,203,Ambrosia trifida L.,125,Lakota,108,r80,35,2,Drug,,,Seeds used medicinally.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 35"
2930,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,34,2,Drug,,,Smashed fruits used as an ingredient for medicinal mixtures.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34"
3225,228,Amsinckia douglasiana A. DC.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,13,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 13"
3249,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,187,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a strong medicine.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 187"
3352,253,Anemone sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,469,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469"
3377,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,15,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 15"
3484,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3532,265,Angelica lucida L.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,2,Drug,,,Young stems used medicinally.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
3540,265,Angelica lucida L.,121,Kwakiutl,148,b66,376,2,Drug,,,Used on heated stones in the steambath to dry up the patient's disease.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 376"
3542,266,Angelica pinnata S. Wats.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,361,2,Drug,,,Root used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 361"
3772,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,216,Salish,144,teit28,294,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294"
3778,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,39,2,Drug,,,Used for the medicinal properties and as a fibrous material.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 39"
3794,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
3858,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,,,Decoction of root used medicinally.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
4000,317,Aralia hispida Vent.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,205,2,Drug,,,Infusion of roots used as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 205"
4158,319,Aralia racemosa L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
4286,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,94,Hoh,77,r36,70,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves and roots used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 70"
4287,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,94,Hoh,77,r36,70,2,Drug,,,Leaves used to make a rubbing salve.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 70"
4307,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,209,Quileute,77,r36,70,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves and roots used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 70"
4308,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,209,Quileute,77,r36,70,2,Drug,,,Leaves used to make a rubbing salve.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 70"
4338,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,,,Leaves used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4364,335,Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.,200,Pomo,80,g67,14,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"
4545,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,25,2,Drug,,,Berries used as an ingredient in medicinal mixtures.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25"
4586,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,94,Hoh,77,r36,66,2,Drug,,,Leaves smoked as medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"
4620,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,,,Leaves used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4643,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,209,Quileute,77,r36,66,2,Drug,,,Leaves smoked as medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"
4793,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,344,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 344"
4849,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,246,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
4935,380,Arnica latifolia Bong.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
4976,387,Artemisia californica Less.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,42,2,Drug,,,Plant used in the sweathouses for various cures.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 42"
5018,389,Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis (Pallas) M.E. Peck,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,,,Decoction of root used medicinally.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
5019,390,Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. scouleriana (Hook.) Cronq.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,245,2,Drug,,,Sprays used in the sweatbaths or infusion of leaves taken for sicknesses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 245"
5027,392,Artemisia cana Pursh,125,Lakota,108,r80,35,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 35"
5032,392,Artemisia cana Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,7,2,Drug,,,Decoction of leaves used for various complaints.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
5135,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,228,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 228"
5156,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,2,Drug,,,Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5166,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,2,Drug,,,Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5170,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,2,Drug,,,Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5204,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,2,Drug,,,Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5305,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
5312,398,Artemisia furcata var. heterophylla (Bess.) Hult‚n,128,Luiseno,24,s08,228,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 228"
5363,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,44,2,Drug,,,Plants rubbed on the body for immunity to sickness.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 44"
5378,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,245,2,Drug,,,Sprays used in the sweatbaths or infusion of leaves taken for sicknesses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 245"
5399,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,353,2,Drug,,,"Infusion of plant taken, used as a wash or poultice applied as medicine.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 353"
5400,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,338,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 338"
5403,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,157,Navajo,74,e44,81,2,Drug,,,Used by the medicine men.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 81"
5423,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,286,Yokut,109,m66,437,2,Drug,,,Used as medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 437"
5426,400,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. incompta (Nutt.) Keck,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,65,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
5523,404,Artemisia sp.,73,"Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut",187,o57,33,2,Drug,,,Poultice of plant used for unspecified ailments.,"Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 33"
5526,404,Artemisia sp.,74,"Eskimo, Nunivak",94,s73,325,2,Drug,,,Dried plant used for medicine.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325"
5563,404,Artemisia sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
5658,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,125,Lakota,108,r80,36,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 36"
5812,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,272,Ute,142,c09,32,2,Drug,,,Decoction of leaves used as a medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32"
5871,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,85,Haihais,14,c93,342,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342"
5872,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,342,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342"
5900,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,3,g83,261,2,Drug,,,Roots used to make a very good medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 261"
5901,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,3,g83,261,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 261"
6063,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,2,Drug,,,Fresh or dried leaves used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6071,423,Asarum sp.,105,Karok,109,m66,209,2,Drug,,,Roots used for medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 209"
6083,426,Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,,,Root used as a medicine.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
6148,435,Asclepias involucrata Engelm. ex Torr.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,373,2,Drug,,,Dry powdered root and saliva used for unspecified illness.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 373"
6220,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,125,Lakota,108,r80,34,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 34"
6297,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,59,2,Drug,,,Poultice of cotton applied to sick parts.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 59"
6325,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,42,2,Drug,,,Root used for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 42"
7007,556,Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
7057,571,Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,155,2,Drug,,,Leaves and blossoms used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155"
7093,576,Betula lenta L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,151,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used for many medicinal purposes.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 151"
7106,576,Betula lenta L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,300,2,Drug,,,"'Highly valued medicine because it sustains the deer, the mainstay of life.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 300"
7206,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,53,2,Drug,,,Plant spirit used by the shaman to heal sick people.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 53"
7332,585,Betula sp.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Wood heated and used like a hot-water bottle.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
7362,591,Bignonia capreolata L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,670,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 670"
7406,605,Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,162,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant given to children with illness.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 162"
7418,605,Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,67,2,Drug,,,Compound containing root used medicinally.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 67"
7464,615,Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & Gray,287,Yuki,89,c02,353,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 353"
7490,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,94,Hoh,77,r36,61,2,Drug,,,Plants used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
7504,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,209,Quileute,77,r36,61,2,Drug,,,Plants used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
7526,621,Brassica rapa var. rapa,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,232,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232"
7550,627,Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,364,2,Drug,,,Root used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 364"
7713,673,Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,2,Drug,,,"Dried, chopped bulbs used as an ingredient for a medicinal mixture.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
7808,687,Caltha sp.,5,Aleut,194,bt51,29,2,Drug,,,Used medicinally.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29"
7830,696,Calypso bulbosa var. americana (R. Br. ex Ait. f.) Luer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,506,2,Drug,,,Plants used as charms for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506"
7898,701,Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory,59,Creek,128,swan28,667,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667"
7969,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,219,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 219"
8103,752,Carex sp.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,365,2,Drug,,,Root used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 365"
8516,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,2,Drug,,,Broken plant parts used in the house for decoration or for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8539,797,Castilleja sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,2,Drug,,,Broken plant parts used in the house for decoration or for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8704,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,179,"Oregon Indian, Warm Springs",111,m90,40,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves taken for puzzling illnesses.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 40"
8719,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken for an unspecified ailment.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8720,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,,,Plant used in sweatbath for an unspecified illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8766,820,Celastrus scandens L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,233,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 233"
8848,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
8937,841,Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,53-55,2,Drug,,,Decoction of soft inner bark taken for unspecified purpose.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 53-55"
9020,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,,,Plant considered a good medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9204,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,,,Buds chewed by the mother and given to babies till the age of six months.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9304,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,66,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 66"
9356,892,Chelone glabra L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,230,2,Drug,,,Infusion of roots and cedar bark used as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 230"
9879,942,Cicuta maculata L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,390,2,Drug,,,Root used medicinally.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390"
10213,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,366,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366"
10372,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,128,Luiseno,24,s08,229,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 229"
10407,1031,Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,62,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 62"
10421,1035,Cneoridium dumosum (Nutt.) Hook. f. ex Baill.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,231,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231"
10430,1040,Cocos nucifera L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,73,2,Drug,,,Oil used as a good rub.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73"
10439,1042,Coix lacryma-jobi L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,2,Drug,,,Long strands of seeds used for various unspecified medicinal purposes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
10475,1049,Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott,90,Hawaiian,183,m03,67,2,Drug,,,Plant used to make a draught and given to the sick.,"Malo, David, 1903, Hawaiian Antiquities, Honolulu. Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., page 67"
10509,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,127,2,Drug,,,Leaves used for medicine.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127"
10631,1070,Coprosma sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,72,2,Drug,,,"Whole plant dried, stored and used under the direction of a medicine man.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 72"
10658,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,323,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant given to babies with sickness caused by bad blood from mother.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 323"
10662,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Used for medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
10668,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,2,Drug,,,Roots chewed for medicinal use.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
10828,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,62,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine for unspecified malady.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
10960,1100,Cornus sericea L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
11107,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,96,2,Drug,,,Decoction of bark or entire branch used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96"
11147,1103,Cornus sp.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,213,2,Drug,,,Valued as a medicine.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 213"
11759,1167,Cuminum cyminum L.,16,Apalachee,197,hann86,98,2,Drug,,,Plant water used for medicinal purposes.,"Hann, John H., 1986, The Use and Processing of Plants by Indians of Spanish Florida, Southeastern Archaeology 5(2):1-102, page 98"
12140,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,,,"Crushed leaves and roots, with other parts, mixed into a medicinal paste.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12141,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,,,Most universally used hallucinogenic and medicinal plant known to man.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12149,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,40,Chumash,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,,,Most universally used hallucinogenic and medicinal plant known to man.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12163,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,65,Diegueno,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,,,Most universally used hallucinogenic and medicinal plant known to man.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12167,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,77,Gabrielino,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,,,Most universally used hallucinogenic and medicinal plant known to man.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12194,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,128,Luiseno,31,bs72,60,2,Drug,,,Most universally used hallucinogenic and medicinal plant known to man.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12294,1252,Delphinium menziesii DC.,157,Navajo,74,e44,47,2,Drug,,,Powdered petals sometimes used by the medicine man instead of larkspur petals.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 47"
12311,1257,Delphinium scaposum Greene,157,Navajo,74,e44,47,2,Drug,,,Powdered petals used by the medicine man.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 47"
12319,1259,Delphinium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
12386,1273,Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata,272,Ute,142,c09,36,2,Drug,,,Used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
12448,1287,Dicentra formosa (Haw.) Walp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,,,Root used as some kind of medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
12553,1307,Dioscorea sp.,90,Hawaiian,183,m03,67,2,Drug,,,Tubers used to make a drink for the sick.,"Malo, David, 1903, Hawaiian Antiquities, Honolulu. Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., page 67"
13014,1376,Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
13133,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,"73, 74",2,Drug,,,Plant used for unspecified medicinal purposes.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 73, 74"
13152,1404,Ephedra sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,34,2,Drug,,,Infusion of green branches taken for medicinal purposes.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 34"
13274,1417,Epilobium sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
13380,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
13482,1428,Equisetum sp.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,169,2,Drug,,,Stems used for medicine.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 169"
13695,1458,Ericameria parishii (Greene) Hall,128,Luiseno,24,s08,228,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 228"
13743,1472,Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant and any kind of 'weeds' used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13913,1489,Eriodictyon crassifolium Benth.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,230,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230"
13914,1490,Eriodictyon tomentosum Benth.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,230,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230"
14040,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant taken or used as a wash for an unspecified illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14053,1514,Eriogonum jamesii Benth.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,157,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157"
14110,1524,Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt.,272,Ute,142,c09,34,2,Drug,,,Used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 34"
14126,1529,Eriogonum rotundifolium Benth.,157,Navajo,141,h56,150,2,Drug,,,Roots used as medicine.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 150"
14196,1538,Eriophorum angustifolium ssp. subarcticum (Vassiljev) Hult‚n ex Kartesz & Gandhi,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,184,2,Drug,,,'Female' stems used medicinally.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
14299,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,161,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"
14300,1552,Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose,228,Seminole,88,s54,164,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 164"
14625,1593,Eurybia conspicua (Lindl.) Nesom,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,79,2,Drug,,,Roots soaked in hot or cold water and taken for gonorrhea and other ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
14636,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,2,Drug,,,Young and tender leaves eaten and act as a medicine at the same time that they are food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
14686,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,138,Menominee,51,s23,36,2,Drug,,,Inner bark of the trunk and root used in medicinal compounds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 36"
14987,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,2,Drug,,,Fruits eaten as a spring medicine.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
15056,1644,Frangula californica ssp. californica,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,58,2,Drug,,,Roots or dried seeds used as medicine.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58"
15108,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,21,2,Drug,,,Bark used as a source of medicine.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21"
15158,1654,Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb.,10,Apache,139,n66,49,2,Drug,,,Root used to make a medicine.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
15212,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,2,Drug,,,Root bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
15354,1667,Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt.,272,Ute,142,c09,34,2,Drug,,,Decoction of bulbs and roots used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 34"
15457,1679,Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt.,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
15556,1698,Garrya sp.,281,Wintoon,109,m66,264,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
15561,1699,Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow,141,Micmac,103,s17,317,2,Drug,,,Decoction of leaves or whole plant taken for unspecified purpose.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317"
15573,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,216,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 216"
15574,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,116,2,Drug,,,Used to make tea and medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 116"
15796,1721,Geocaulon lividum (Richards.) Fern.,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
15848,1729,Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
15853,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,106,2,Drug,,,"Poultice of pounded, heated roots applied medicinally.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
15858,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
15859,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,,,Roots used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
15896,1735,Geum macrophyllum Willd.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,370,2,Drug,,,Decoction of roots used as a medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 370"
15926,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,506,2,Drug,,,Plants used as charms for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506"
16062,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,125,Lakota,156,k90,40,2,Drug,,,Roots used for 'doctoring the sick.',"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 40"
16081,1760,Gnaphalium sp.,105,Karok,109,m66,209,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 209"
16084,1760,Gnaphalium sp.,279,Weyot,109,m66,180,2,Drug,,,Plant used to make a strong medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 180"
16111,1764,Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,76,2,Drug,,,Poultice of leaves used for unspecified purpose.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 76"
16261,1783,Guajacum coulteri,229,Seri,29,d44,136,2,Drug,,,Berries used for medicine.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
16396,1795,Hackelia hispida var. hispida,259,Thompson,33,steed28,474,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474"
16405,1798,Halosaccion glandiforme (Gmelin) Ruprecht,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,24,2,Drug,,,Seaweed used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"
16519,1811,Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh,272,Ute,142,c09,35,2,Drug,,,Roots used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 35"
16844,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,115,Klamath,66,c97,102,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
16852,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,3,g83,293,2,Drug,,,Central stalk considered strong medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"
16934,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,254,Tanaina,94,s73,329,2,Drug,,,Root used as a medicine.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 329"
16943,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16964,1853,Heracleum sphondylium L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,57,2,Drug,,,Part of plant considered 'good medicine.',"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57"
17069,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,,,Root used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17074,1870,Heuchera cylindrica var. glabella (Torr. & Gray) Wheelock,17,Arapaho,139,n66,47,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
17090,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,,,Root used as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17179,1892,Hieracium sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,506,2,Drug,,,Root used as a charm for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506"
17326,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,133,Makah,3,g83,263,2,Drug,,,Used to make medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 263"
17382,1905,Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt. ex Hook.) Heller,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"88, 89",2,Drug,,,"Decoction of leaf, flower and stem taken for illnesses of 'undefined cause.'","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 88, 89"
17399,1908,Hordeum jubatum L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,59,2,Drug,,,Root used for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 59"
17593,1949,Hymenoxys bigelovii (Gray) Parker,95,Hopi,82,c74,328,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used for medicinal tea.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 328"
17675,1967,Hypericum punctatum Lam.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,223,2,Drug,,,Compound containing root used as a medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 223"
17769,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,357358,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357358"
18143,2021,Iva axillaris Pursh,272,Ute,142,c09,35,2,Drug,,,Used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 35"
18359,2042,Juncus effusus L.,105,Karok,70,b81,33,2,Drug,,,Stems and leaves placed in the fire and the medicine man prayed over it.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18371,2044,Juncus ensifolius Wikstr.,94,Hoh,77,r36,59,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"
18374,2044,Juncus ensifolius Wikstr.,209,Quileute,77,r36,59,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"
18474,2054,Juniperus communis L.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,,,Plant used for many medicinal applications.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
18992,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,157,Navajo,74,e44,20,2,Drug,,,Pounded mixture of herbs given to patient during the blackening ceremony of the War Dance.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 20"
19023,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,221,2,Drug,,,Berries eaten or decoction taken for general illnesses.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 221"
19228,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,156,2,Drug,,,Leaves used as medicine.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 156"
19229,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,158,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 158"
19230,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,161,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"
19231,2065,Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba,228,Seminole,88,s54,164,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 164"
19282,2073,Kalmia polifolia Wangenh.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,373,2,Drug,,,Leaves used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 373"
19290,2073,Kalmia polifolia Wangenh.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant used medicinally.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
19374,2083,Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,52,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine for unspecified illnesses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 52"
19485,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,127,2,Drug,,,Used with ground pine as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 127"
19509,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Bark used as medicine.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
19523,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,,,Infusion of roots and bark used as a general medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
19592,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,36,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36"
19621,2101,Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville,193,Pima,104,r08,79,2,Drug,,,Poultice of boiled leaves used for unspecified purpose.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 79"
19745,2120,Leathesia difformis (L.) Areschoug,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,24,2,Drug,,,Used for some kind of medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"
19764,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,116,2,Drug,,,Leaves used to make tea and medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 116"
19766,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,9,Anticosti,150,r46,68,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used medicinally.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 68"
19812,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,133,Makah,101,ttco83,106,2,Drug,,,Infusion of fresh or dried plant used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19833,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,167,Nootka,101,ttco83,106,2,Drug,,,Infusion of fresh or dried plant used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19841,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,57,2,Drug,,,Compound containing leaves used to correct unspecified ailment.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 57"
19855,2126,Ledum palustre L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,60,2,Drug,,,"Infusion of young, dried, stored leaves used as a medicinal tea.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 60"
19878,2127,Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens (Ait.) Hult‚n,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,715,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves used for medicinal purposes.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
19884,2127,Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens (Ait.) Hult‚n,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,60,2,Drug,,,"Infusion of young, dried, stored leaves used as a medicinal tea.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 60"
19887,2127,Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens (Ait.) Hult‚n,74,"Eskimo, Nunivak",94,s73,325,2,Drug,,,Infusion of stems and leaves used for the medicinal value.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325"
20113,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,133,Makah,25,g73,21,2,Drug,,,Bundles of roots used to rub the body after bathing.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
20117,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,209,Quileute,25,g73,21,2,Drug,,,"Roots braided, tied into bundles and used to rub the body after bathing.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
20184,2173,Licania michauxii Prance,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
20210,2177,Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,76,Flathead,30,h92,24,2,Drug,,,Plants used as herbal medicine.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 24"
20212,2177,Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,120,Kutenai,30,h92,24,2,Drug,,,Plants used as herbal medicine.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 24"
20220,2177,Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,153,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally whenever obtainable.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 153"
20239,2181,Ligusticum scoticum L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,61,2,Drug,,,Leaves spread over hot stones and used as medicinal bed for the sick.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
20364,2199,Lindera benzoin var. benzoin,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,131,2,Drug,,,Leaves used medicinally.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131"
20383,2201,Linnaea borealis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant used as a medicine for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
20422,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,183,Paiute,139,n66,48,2,Drug,,,Infusion of roots used as an medicinal tea.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
20571,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,50,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"
20575,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,95,Hopi,126,vest40,165,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicinal plant.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 165"
20576,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,95,Hopi,126,vest40,165,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicinal plant.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 165"
20841,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,2,Drug,,,Decoction of root water used to sponge a sick person.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
20842,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,2,Drug,,,"Dried, pounded roots and grease massaged on affected parts.","Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
20938,2241,Lomatium graveolens var. graveolens,79,Gosiute,38,c11,376,2,Drug,,,Root used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 376"
21038,2247,Lomatium nuttallii (Gray) J.F. Macbr.,59,Creek,128,swan28,667,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine in summer.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667"
21096,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,79,2,Drug,,,Leaves used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79"
21259,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,183,Paiute,98,m53,91,2,Drug,,,Plant used by one shaman for curing.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 91"
21261,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,205,Ponca,189,h65,48,2,Drug,,,Decoction of dried flesh 'buttons' taken for illness.,"Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 48"
21348,2301,Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
21356,2304,Lupinus rivularis Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
21508,2323,Lycopodium dendroideum Michx.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,309,2,Drug,,,Plant thought to have 'some medicinal value.',"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
21609,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,48,2,Drug,,,Roots used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"
21642,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,133,Makah,3,g83,336,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 336"
21707,2342,Lythrum californicum Torr. & Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,40,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 40"
21735,2352,Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees,291,Zuni,157,cb80,375,2,Drug,,,Infusion of flowers taken with other flowers for unspecified illnesses.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 375"
21838,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,254,2,Drug,,,Bark used medicinally.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21913,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,254,2,Drug,,,Bark used medicinally.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21954,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,15,2,Drug,,,Fruit used in medicinal preparations.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 15"
21973,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,219,2,Drug,,,Cooled decoction of roots given to sick babies.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219"
22041,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373374,2,Drug,,,Smoke inhaled for unspecified purpose.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374"
22091,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,321,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 321"
22250,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,,,Bark used to make the most popular and healing medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22259,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,268,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22425,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,95,Hopi,126,vest40,165,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicinal plant.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 165"
22480,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,22,2,Drug,,,Plant tops used as an ingredient in many medicines.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 22"
22495,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,183,2,Drug,,,Used for medicinal purposes.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183"
22524,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,272,Ute,142,c09,35,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 35"
22526,2424,Matricaria sp.,5,Aleut,194,bt51,29,2,Drug,,,Used medicinally.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29"
22655,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,94,Hoh,77,r36,68,2,Drug,,,Used as smelling and rubbing medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
22692,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,15,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves used for various complaints.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15"
22746,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,209,Quileute,77,r36,68,2,Drug,,,Used as smelling and rubbing medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
22748,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,216,Salish,144,teit28,294,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plants used as a medicine.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294"
22781,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,507,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a charm for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 507"
22836,2441,Mentha ?piperita L. (pro sp.)  [aquatica ? spicata],94,Hoh,77,r36,68,2,Drug,,,Used as smelling and rubbing medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
22863,2442,Mentha ?piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica ? spicata],209,Quileute,77,r36,68,2,Drug,,,Used as smelling and rubbing medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68"
22899,2453,Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Torr. & Gray,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,30,2,Drug,,,Plant used as an ingredient in medicinal preparations.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 30"
22900,2453,Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Torr. & Gray,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,30,2,Drug,,,Roots used for complicated illnesses.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 30"
22907,2453,Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,474,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474"
22938,2461,Menyanthes sp.,5,Aleut,194,bt51,29,2,Drug,,,Used medicinally.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29"
22954,2462,Menyanthes trifoliata L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,36,2,Drug,,,Plant used in medicines.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 36"
22955,2462,Menyanthes trifoliata L.,141,Micmac,103,s17,317,2,Drug,,,Strong decoction of root taken for unspecified purpose.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317"
22956,2462,Menyanthes trifoliata L.,265,Tlingit,94,s73,330,2,Drug,,,Plant used for the medicinal value.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 330"
22998,2475,Mimulus glabratus var. jamesii (Torr. & Gray ex Benth.) Gray,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,83,2,Drug,,,Leaves used as treatment for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 83"
23100,2494,Mitchella repens L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,141,2,Drug,,,Infusion of whole plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 141"
23155,2494,Mitchella repens L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,309,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves used as a medicine for unspecified purpose.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
23319,2508,Monarda punctata L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,240,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a rubbing medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240"
23347,2511,Monardella lanceolata Gray,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,25,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used as a medicinal tea and beverage.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 25"
23349,2511,Monardella lanceolata Gray,128,Luiseno,24,s08,229,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 229"
23384,2515,Monardella sp.,105,Karok,109,m66,209,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 209"
23452,2526,Moricandia arvensis (L.) DC.,94,Hoh,77,r36,61,2,Drug,,,Plants used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
23456,2526,Moricandia arvensis (L.) DC.,209,Quileute,77,r36,61,2,Drug,,,Plants used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61"
23461,2527,Morinda citrifolia L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,73,2,Drug,,,Leaves used to make medicine.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73"
23581,2560,Myriophyllum spicatum L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,37,2,Drug,,,Some plants of this class used in medicines.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 37"
23627,2571,Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Loes.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,,,Berries used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
23883,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,105,Karok,109,m66,209,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 209"
24096,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,256,2,Drug,,,Decoction of rhizomes taken as medicine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 256"
24097,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,70,2,Drug,,,Pond lily was a good medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 70"
24112,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,251,2,Drug,,,Decoction of rhizomes used as a medicinal drink.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 251"
24113,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,166,Nitinaht,41,te82,70,2,Drug,,,Rhizomes used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 70"
24167,2599,Nymphaea odorata Ait.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,65,2,Drug,,,Poultice of pounded root used for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 65"
24221,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,133,Makah,3,g83,264,2,Drug,,,Bark used as a healing agent.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 264"
24281,2614,Oenothera biennis L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"66, 67",2,Drug,,,Tiny seeds used as a valuable medicine for unspecified ailment.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 66, 67"
24284,2616,Oenothera caespitosa Nutt.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,375,2,Drug,,,Root used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 375"
24482,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,94,Hoh,77,r36,65,2,Drug,,,Used as medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 65"
24500,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,133,Makah,3,g83,289,2,Drug,,,Bark and roots used medicinally.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24506,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,289,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24526,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,209,Quileute,77,r36,65,2,Drug,,,Used as medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 65"
25075,2699,Osmorhiza sp.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,221,2,Drug,,,Infusion taken instead of water 'when a person was generally ill.',"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 221"
25103,2702,Osmunda regalis L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,44,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 44"
25107,2702,Osmunda regalis L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
25356,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,32,2,Drug,,,Plants used to effect cures where all others have failed.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 32"
25409,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,158,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 158"
25410,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,161,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"
25411,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,164,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 164"
25591,2765,Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,2,Drug,,,Formerly used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
25633,2769,Pedicularis bracteosa Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,467,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467"
25681,2778,Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,467,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467"
25689,2780,Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J. Grimes,125,Lakota,108,r80,47,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 47"
25699,2781,Pediomelum canescens (Michx.) Rydb.,228,Seminole,88,s54,158,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 158"
25700,2782,Pediomelum cuspidatum (Pursh) Rydb.,125,Lakota,108,r80,47,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 47"
25713,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,2,Drug,,,Root pieces dried and attached to clothing and robes as ornamentation and medicine.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
25719,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,29,2,Drug,,,Plant used as an ingredient for medicinal mixtures.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 29"
25781,2789,Pellaea mucronata ssp. mucronata,128,Luiseno,24,s08,234,2,Drug,,,Decoction of fronds used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 234"
25787,2790,Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,58,2,Drug,,,Grated root in milk given to babies for unspecified purpose.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 58"
25895,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,216,Salish,144,teit28,294,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plants used as a medicine.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294"
26009,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,41,2,Drug,,,Roots used as an ingredient in medicines.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 41"
26031,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,182,2,Drug,,,"Decoction of roots, stems and leaves used as a medicine.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 182"
26155,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,161,2,Drug,,,Leaves used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"
26156,2837,Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.,228,Seminole,88,s54,164,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 164"
26269,2859,Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holz.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant used medicinally.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
26428,2878,Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Sm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
26508,2895,Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray,95,Hopi,82,c74,345,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 345"
26545,2898,Phoradendron sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,101,2,Drug,,,"Leaves used to make tea, which may have had a medicinal use.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"
26549,2898,Phoradendron sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,72,2,Drug,,,Plant growing on cottonwood used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 72"
26678,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,,,Root used as a medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
26693,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26697,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26701,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,113,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26804,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,51,2,Drug,,,Berries used for medicine.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 51"
26887,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,126,2,Drug,,,"Used in the sudatory, this is taken by women after childbirth and for other complaints.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 126"
26917,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",167,a39,716,2,Drug,,,Infusion of needles used as medicine for all purposes.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716"
26950,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,118,Koyukon,158,n83,49,2,Drug,,,Tree tops used by the shamans to brush people and remove their sickness.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49"
26966,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Pitch used in medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
27048,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,127,2,Drug,,,Used in the medicinal sudatory.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 127"
27097,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,49,2,Drug,,,Tree tops used by the shamans to brush people and remove their sickness.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49"
27108,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Pitch used in medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
27121,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,,,Bark used as a medicinal salt.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
27124,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,,,Decoction of leaves and crushed bark taken for unspecified ailments.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
27248,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,,,Pitch eaten as medicine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27269,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,,,Decoction of inner bark taken as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27270,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,,,Evergreen tops considered good medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27271,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,,,Infusion of bark taken as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27372,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,,,Every part of tree used as a medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
27410,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,67,"Eskimo, Alaska",94,s73,331,2,Drug,,,Sap used as a medicine.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331"
27421,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicines.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
27492,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,70,2,Drug,,,Buds and pitch used medicinally.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70"
27771,2964,Pinus lambertiana Dougl.,200,Pomo,96,b52,79,2,Drug,,,"Sugar found in bark wounds ground up, molded into cakes and used as a medicine.","Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 79"
27922,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,103,2,Drug,,,Pitch used medicinally.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 103"
28097,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,,,Bark and cones used medicinally.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
28186,2977,Pinus strobus L.,64,"Delaware, Ontario",22,t42,68,2,Drug,,,Powder from decayed plant used on babies 'because of its healing properties.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 68"
28252,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,,,Bark and cones used medicinally.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
28253,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
28419,3001,Plantago major L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,37,2,Drug,,,Poultice of crushed leaves used medicinally.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37"
28421,3001,Plantago major L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"31, 82",2,Drug,,,Poultice of crushed leaves used for unspecified ailments.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 31, 82"
28456,3001,Plantago major L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2317,2,Drug,,,Poultice of pounded leaves applied for medicinal purposes.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2317"
28603,3018,Platanus racemosa Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,53,2,Drug,,,Decoction of small bark pieces taken for an unrecorded indisposition.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"
28604,3018,Platanus racemosa Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,53,2,Drug,,,Infusion of bark taken for the relief of some indisposition.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"
28792,3046,Polygala senega L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,376,2,Drug,,,Roots carried for general health and safe journeys.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 376"
28801,3046,Polygala senega L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
28879,3054,Polygonum amphibium var. stipulaceum Coleman,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,72,2,Drug,,,Root used for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 72"
28942,3067,Polygonum lapathifolium L.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,159,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159"
28999,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,133,Makah,3,g83,220,2,Drug,,,Rhizomes used for internal ailments.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 220"
29166,3093,Populus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,,,Roots and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
29291,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,94,Hoh,77,r36,60,2,Drug,,,Infusion of bark used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60"
29325,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,209,Quileute,77,r36,60,2,Drug,,,Infusion of bark used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60"
29344,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,2,Drug,,,Decoction of buds taken for 'some kind of disease.' It was cautioned that one should not drink too much of this decoction because it would kill you.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29352,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,289,Yurok,70,b81,47,2,Drug,,,Decoction of shoot tips used for medicine.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
29689,3092,Populus ?jackii Sarg. [balsamifera ? deltoides],134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Used to make medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
29828,3127,Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,378,2,Drug,,,Root used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 378"
29848,3130,Potentilla nana Willd. ex Schlecht.,66,Eskimo,94,s73,325,2,Drug,,,Root eaten for the medicinal value.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325"
29853,3131,Potentilla norvegica ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,77,2,Drug,,,Root used for unspecified malady.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 77"
29929,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,44,2,Drug,,,Berries used to make medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"
30056,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,2,Drug,,,Roots and bark had medicinal value.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30296,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,31,2,Drug,,,'An ingredient of a medicine made after diagnosis.',"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 31"
30412,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,2,Drug,,,Infusion of branches taken for an unspecified illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30450,3171,Prunus nigra Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,184,2,Drug,,,Infusion of roots used as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 184"
30491,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicine.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
30684,3178,Prunus sp.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Used to make medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
30749,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,35,2,Drug,,,"Dried, smashed, ripe berries used as an ingredient for medicines.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35"
30862,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,2,Drug,,,Decoction of broken sticks taken for a sick feeling.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30871,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,2,Drug,,,"Decoction of bark & roots of western sweet cicely, northern valerian & horehound taken internally.","McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
30999,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,222,2,Drug,,,"Fruit and seeds ground raw, patted into a cake, sun dried and used for medicinal purposes.","Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222"
31009,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
31151,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,86,Haisla,14,c93,179,2,Drug,,,"Poultice of pitch and roasted, pounded frogs applied for unspecified serious illness.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179"
31157,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,206,2,Drug,,,Leaves boiled and used as medicine.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"
31174,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,,,Pitch used as a 'good medicine.',"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
31566,3219,Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC.,228,Seminole,88,s54,164,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 164"
31590,3223,Pulsatilla occidentalis (S. Wats.) Freyn,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
31602,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,34,2,Drug,,,Plant used for the medicinal properties.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34"
31621,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,156,2,Drug,,,Leaves used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156"
31622,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,79,Gosiute,38,c11,367,2,Drug,,,Leaves used as a medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 367"
31783,3241,Pyrola elliptica Nutt.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,138,2,Drug,,,Poultice of plant and two other plants used medicinally.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 138"
31897,3253,Quercus alba L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,36,2,Drug,,,Inner bark used in compounds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 36"
32381,3285,Quercus rubra L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,242,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 242"
32452,3289,Quercus sp.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Used to make medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
32561,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,55,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicine.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 55"
32755,3323,Ratibida tagetes (James) Barnh.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,65,2,Drug,,,Plant considered strong medicine.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 65"
32800,3328,Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg,287,Yuki,89,c02,369,2,Drug,,,Inner bark used as a 'good medicine.',"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 369"
32834,3336,Rhodiola rosea L.,74,"Eskimo, Nunivak",94,s73,325,2,Drug,,,Infusion of flowers used for its medicinal value.,"Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325"
32878,3344,Rhus aromatica Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,2,Drug,,,Bark and berries used in medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
32902,3345,Rhus copallinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,2,Drug,,,Bark and berries used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
32961,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,2,Drug,,,Bark and berries used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
32962,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354,2,Drug,,,Poultice of leaves used for unspecified conditions.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354"
33120,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,95,Hopi,82,c74,356,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 356"
33258,3355,Rhus typhina L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,192,2,Drug,,,Root used as a medicine.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 192"
33332,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33360,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,43,2,Drug,,,Poultice of second bark applied medicinally.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
33371,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,2,Drug,,,Berries and 'cane' used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33377,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,253,2,Drug,,,Roots used for unspecified type of medicine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 253"
33515,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33554,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,58,2,Drug,,,Decoction of bark used for 'some unspecified malady.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 58"
33654,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33700,3393,Ribes rubrum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33767,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,,,"Decoction of stems, without the bark, taken as a medicine.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
33971,3421,Rosa blanda Ait.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,78,2,Drug,,,Rose hip skin used as medicine by the Prairie Potawatomi.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 78"
34051,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,123,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123"
34141,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,289,Yurok,70,b81,51,2,Drug,,,Fruit used to make a medicinal tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
34161,3432,Rosa sp.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,36,2,Drug,,,Flowers and roots used as an ingredient for medicines.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36"
34198,3433,Rosa virginiana P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
34312,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,138,Menominee,51,s23,50,2,Drug,,,Poultice of infusion of root used for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 50"
34364,3444,Rubus canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,2,Drug,,,"Berries, maple sap and water used to make a medicine.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
34446,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,180,2,Drug,,,Root had medicinal value.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 180"
35159,3479,Rumex acetosa L.,16,Apalachee,197,hann86,98,2,Drug,,,Plant water used for medicinal purposes.,"Hann, John H., 1986, The Use and Processing of Plants by Indians of Spanish Florida, Southeastern Archaeology 5(2):1-102, page 98"
35184,3481,Rumex altissimus Wood,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,240,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240"
35376,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,157,Navajo,121,l86,30,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicine.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 30"
35409,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,193,Pima,174,h08,264,2,Drug,,,Roots used for medicine.,"Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 264"
35456,3494,Rumex salicifolius Weinm.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,60,2,Drug,,,"Stems, seeds and roots used as medicine.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 60"
35488,3495,Rumex sp.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,233,2,Drug,,,Decoction of roots used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 233"
35559,3508,Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,6,2,Drug,,,Leaves used as an ingredient in a medicinal mixture.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6"
35561,3508,Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,2,Drug,,,Plant characterized as having some medicinal uses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
35567,3508,Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,396,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine for man.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 396"
35576,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,2,Drug,,,Plant characterized as having some medicinal uses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
35589,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,125,Lakota,108,r80,26,2,Drug,,,Roots used for food and eaten as medicine.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 26"
35671,3520,Salix bebbiana Sarg.,138,Menominee,51,s23,52,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 52"
35701,3522,Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,245,2,Drug,,,Compound used as a medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 245"
35705,3522,Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35749,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,161,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"
35750,3523,Salix caroliniana Michx.,228,Seminole,88,s54,164,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 164"
35783,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35915,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
36046,3546,Salix pyrifolia Anderss.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
36209,3551,Salix sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
36551,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,140,Mewuk,109,m66,366,2,Drug,,,Flowers and roots used for medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 366"
36710,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,100,Iroquois,107,p10,96,2,Drug,,,Berries used for convalescents.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
36821,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,2,Drug,,,Infusion of roots used as a medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
36842,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicine.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
36944,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,131,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131"
37101,3580,Sanicula sp.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,102,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 102"
37235,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,59,Creek,128,swan28,661,2,Drug,,,Plant used for unspecified medicinal purpose.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 661"
37307,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,228,Seminole,88,s54,158,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 158"
37308,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,228,Seminole,88,s54,161,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"
37309,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,228,Seminole,88,s54,164,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 164"
37326,3591,Saururus cernuus L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,161,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"
37345,3595,Saxifraga pensylvanica L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,53,2,Drug,,,"Remedy known as 'the rabbit's ear,' less famous than Valeriana uliginosa.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 53"
37573,3619,Scrophularia marilandica L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,,,Roots used as a medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
37665,3642,Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkl.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,63,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves used as a very strong medicine.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"
37680,3644,Senecio jacobaea L.,133,Makah,3,g83,327,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used as a medicinal tea.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 327"
37685,3646,Senecio sp.,272,Ute,142,c09,36,2,Drug,,,Used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36"
37770,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,24,2,Drug,,,"Dried, smashed berries used as an ingredient in medicinal mixtures.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 24"
37808,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,203,2,Drug,,,Infusion of bark used for a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 203"
37836,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,34,h49,12,2,Drug,,,Wood used for drug purposes.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37883,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,34,h49,12,2,Drug,,,Wood used for drug purposes.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37972,3674,Silene campanulata S. Wats.,105,Karok,71,sg52,383,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine for babies.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 383"
37990,3681,Silene noctiflora L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,28,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 28"
38071,3689,Sinapis alba L.,94,Hoh,77,r36,62,2,Drug,,,Plants used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62"
38075,3689,Sinapis alba L.,209,Quileute,77,r36,62,2,Drug,,,Plants used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62"
38238,3714,Smilax sp.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,31,2,Drug,,,'An ingredient of a medicine made after diagnosis.',"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 31"
38265,3720,Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,160,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"
38421,3736,Solidago gigantea Ait.,138,Menominee,51,s23,31,2,Drug,,,Plant used in medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 31"
38542,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,141,Micmac,103,s17,317,2,Drug,,,Infusion of bark taken for unspecified purpose.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317"
38547,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
38554,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,78,2,Drug,,,Inner bark used as a medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 78"
38567,3761,Sorbus scopulina Greene,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,2,Drug,,,Bark used for general sickness.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
38571,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,27,Carrier,134,c73,70,2,Drug,,,Scraped bark used for medicine.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70"
38617,3770,Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,43,2,Drug,,,Poultices of cooked root applied medicinally.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
38712,3789,Spiraea alba Du Roi,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,176,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves and stems used as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 176"
38716,3790,Spiraea alba var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,176,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves and stems used as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 176"
38741,3794,Spiraea salicifolia L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"79, 80",2,Drug,,,Bark used for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 79, 80"
38754,3798,Spiraea tomentosa L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,177,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves and stems used as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 177"
38863,3822,Stenanthium occidentale Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,129,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 129"
38908,3827,Stephanomeria minor var. minor,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
38993,3840,Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal,259,Thompson,33,steed28,467,2,Drug,,,Decoction of root used medicinally.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467"
39087,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,220,2,Drug,,,Decoction of roots used 'for illness of an indefinite character.',"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220"
39216,3877,Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) Nesom,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,50,2,Drug,,,Infusion of flowering tops used for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 50"
39244,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Used for medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
39255,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,203,2,Drug,,,Seeds used as medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 203"
39340,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,35,2,Drug,,,Leaves and stems used as medicine.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 35"
39347,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,94,Hoh,77,r36,69,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 69"
39390,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,209,Quileute,77,r36,69,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 69"
39409,3897,Tauschia arguta (Torr. & Gray) J.F. Macbr.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,230,2,Drug,,,Root used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230"
39576,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,123,2,Drug,,,Used in a sudatory taken by women experiencing complications after childbirth and other complaints.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 123"
39583,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Bark used as medicine.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
39605,3907,Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. ex Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,2,Drug,,,Used as a 'special medicine.',"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
39856,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,2,Drug,,,Leaves combined with ground hemlock for medicinal purposes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
39921,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"70, 71",2,Drug,,,Poultice of leaves used for unspecified ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70, 71"
40023,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,2,Drug,,,Infusion of green bark juice used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40189,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,209,Quileute,77,r36,57,2,Drug,,,Infusion of green bark juice used for medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40319,3959,Tilia americana L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,200,2,Drug,,,Poultice of leaves used for medicinal purposes.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 200"
40429,3969,Townsendia incana Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,50,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a strong medicine.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50"
40467,3973,Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill.,62,Delaware,97,t72,33,2,Drug,,,"Poultice of roasted, crushed roots regarded as medicinally valuable.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 33"
40581,3996,Trichostema sp.,105,Karok,109,m66,209,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 209"
40639,4013,Trifolium sp.,16,Apalachee,197,hann86,98,2,Drug,,,Plant water used for medicinal purposes.,"Hann, John H., 1986, The Use and Processing of Plants by Indians of Spanish Florida, Southeastern Archaeology 5(2):1-102, page 98"
40668,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,133,Makah,3,g83,281,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281"
40751,4027,Triosteum perfoliatum L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,667,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667"
40788,4031,Triteleia grandiflora Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,2,Drug,,,Bulbs eaten and used medicinally.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
40845,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,125,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches used as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 125"
40846,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,125,2,Drug,,,Used in the sudatory by women experiencing complications in childbirth and for other complaints.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 125"
40888,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Bark used as medicine.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
41112,4045,Turricula parryi (Gray) J.F. Macbr.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,230,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230"
41175,4049,Typha latifolia L.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,46,2,Drug,,,Pollen used as medicine.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46"
41672,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41715,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,128,2,Drug,,,Plants whipped over body by married persons for affection and faithfulness of spouses.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41739,4058,Urtica dioica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,289,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves and tops used as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41772,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,,,Decoction of entire plant taken for many illnesses.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
41814,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,146,2,Drug,,,Plant used as switch on body as a counterirritant for unspecified purposes.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 146"
41828,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,87,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves used medicinally for unspecified purposes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 87"
42095,4078,Vaccinium myrsinites Lam.,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
42130,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,57,2,Drug,,,Root bark used for unspecified ailment.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 57"
42286,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,130,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 130"
42574,4100,Vancouveria chrysantha Greene,266,Tolowa,70,b81,61,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42687,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,,,Decoction of roots used as an internal medicine for unspecified purposes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42764,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,19,Atsugewi,129,g53,140,2,Drug,,,Crushed leaves rubbed over the body during a sweatbath.,"Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"
42931,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
43273,4156,Viola cucullata Ait.,272,Ute,142,c09,37,2,Drug,,,Roots used as medicine.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 37"
43334,4168,Vitex trifolia L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,72,2,Drug,,,Leaves and wood thoroughly pounded and used to make a good bath.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 72"
43532,4185,Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.,228,Seminole,88,s54,162,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 162"
43739,4218,Ximenia americana L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,164,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 164"
43750,4223,Yucca aloifolia L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,9,2,Drug,,,Decoction of roots used as a salve for various purposes.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 9"
44152,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
42,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,64,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of bark and bark from another plant taken for kidney troubles.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 64"
43,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,64,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Gum eaten for kidney pains.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 64"
133,4,Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Burst blister, take ooze alone or with turpentine for 'kidney trouble.'","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
406,19,Acalypha virginica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
589,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Wood used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
599,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
797,38,Achillea millefolium L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 35"
799,38,Achillea millefolium L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"29, 74",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of whole plant taken for kidney disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 74"
898,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for the kidneys.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
899,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 128",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Simple or compound infusion of leaves taken for kidney disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
934,38,Achillea millefolium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots taken for kidney troubles.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
1056,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root believed to be good for the kidneys.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1194,55,Acorus calamus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for yellowish urine and 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
1442,60,Actaea racemosa var. racemosa,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
1443,60,Actaea racemosa var. racemosa,192,Penobscot,103,s17,310311,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used to make a medicine and taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310311"
2005,128,Alisma plantago-aquatica L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,272,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Split roots used for lame back or kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 272"
2053,138,Allium canadense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
2109,141,Allium cernuum Roth,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Juice taken after 'horsemint tea' for 'gravel and dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
2217,157,Allium sativum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
2312,166,Allium vineale L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
2611,173,Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,22,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of scraped bark made kidneys act.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
2644,175,Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC.,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Bark used for dropsy.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
3455,260,Angelica breweri Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"34, 35",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Decoction of roots taken, instead of drinking water, for kidney ailments.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 34, 35"
3602,272,Annona reticulata L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,274,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of flowers taken for kidney disorders.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 274"
3641,282,Anthemis cotula L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
3670,283,Anthemis sp.,54,Cree,145,b41,494,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant and tarweed used for kidney pains.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 494"
3714,292,Apium sp.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,68,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for chronic diseases of the kidneys.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 68"
3749,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,201,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for dropsy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201"
3769,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,38,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of green berries used as a kidney medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 38"
3785,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken for 'dropsy' and Bright's disease.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
3827,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,201,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Root used as a universal remedy for many things, especially dropsy and ague.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201"
3895,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,320,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots taken before meals for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
3957,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken for kidney troubles.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
3965,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken for kidney troubles.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
4005,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,205,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots given to children for kidney disorders.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 205"
4120,319,Aralia racemosa L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,392,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for dropsy or watery blood.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 392"
4132,319,Aralia racemosa L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,257,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant and snakeroot used for kidney trouble.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 257"
4152,319,Aralia racemosa L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,"54, 55",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for kidney troubles.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54, 55"
4160,319,Aralia racemosa L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
4324,329,Arctium sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,475,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 475"
4486,345,Arctostaphylos sp.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,15,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves used for the kidneys.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 15"
4532,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
4624,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the kidneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4630,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4669,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
5540,404,Artemisia sp.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,29,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Six inch piece of root eaten for kidney trouble.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
5898,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,25,g73,33,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots taken for kidney trouble.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33"
5899,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,101,ttco83,116,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Mixture of pounded roots taken for kidney pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 116"
5924,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,96,Houma,49,speck41,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken to stimulate the kidneys and 'renew strength.',"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 61"
5934,418,Arundinaria gigantea ssp. tecta (Walt.) McClure,96,Houma,49,speck41,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken to stimulate the kidneys and 'renew strength.',"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 61"
6130,434,Asclepias incarnata L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,418,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plants taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 418"
6155,438,Asclepias perennis Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant taken for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
6165,440,Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant taken for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
6184,441,Asclepias sp.,156,Natchez,128,swan28,667,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken for 'kidney trouble and Bright's disease.',"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667"
6185,441,Asclepias sp.,156,Natchez,115,t40,52,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots taken for kidney troubles and nephritis.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 52"
6278,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant taken for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
6295,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,417,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound used for dropsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 417"
6777,531,Baccharis douglasii DC.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,26,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for kidney ailments.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26"
6970,552,Baptisia alba var. macrophylla (Larisey) Isely,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,228,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion taken for dropsy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 228"
7002,556,Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,55,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55"
7010,556,Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
7361,591,Bignonia capreolata L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,57,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of mashed bark used as a steambath for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
7468,617,Brassica napus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
7482,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
8507,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Decoction of entire plant taken for lame back, perhaps from kidney trouble.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
8577,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"71, 128",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Root, 'very rare,' used for kidney disorders.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 71, 128"
8753,820,Celastrus scandens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,376,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for dropsy or watery blood.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 376"
8754,820,Celastrus scandens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,376,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots taken for kidney trouble following childbirth.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 376"
8812,827,Centaurea melitensis L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,69,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for the kidneys.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 69"
9010,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"55, 56",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plants used as a bath for swollen limbs or dropsical conditions.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 55, 56"
9039,854,Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,45,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant with sumac berries taken for kidney disease.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 45"
9108,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of leaves applied to swelling on woman's kidney.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9290,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,100,Iroquois,7,h77,390,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of roots taken for kidneys or for male urination problems.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 390"
9593,914,Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br. ex D. Don) Spreng.,105,Karok,70,b81,23,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for kidney and bladder troubles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9620,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,34,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney trouble.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 34"
9630,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Herb used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
9631,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,141,Micmac,188,r48,57,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for kidney pains.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1948, Ethnobotanique Et Ethnozoologie Gaspesiennes, Archives de Folklore 3:51-64, page 57"
9648,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots and leaves taken to 'clean out' the kidneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
9677,916,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica (Blake) Hult‚n,100,Iroquois,7,h77,408,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys and dropsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 408"
9688,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,289,Yurok,70,b81,23,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Leaves used for kidney ailments.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
10058,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of seeds taken for kidney trouble.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
10087,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,30,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of seeds taken for gravel (kidney stones).,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30"
10241,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash or tub bath for dropsical conditions.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
10252,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"59, 60",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash or tub bath for dropsical conditions.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 59, 60"
10277,1022,Clematis virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
10281,1022,Clematis virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,330,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for burning kidney troubles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 330"
10367,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,105,Karok,70,b81,54,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for the kidneys.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 54"
10464,1046,Collinsonia canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,429,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots taken for kidney trouble.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 429"
10481,1050,Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion used for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
10584,1064,Conocephalum conicum,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,58,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant formerly used for kidney troubles.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
10953,1099,Cornus rugosa Lam.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,405,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 405"
11128,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for weak kidneys.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11480,1144,Croton pottsii var. pottsii,131,Mahuna,5,r54,68,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for kidney infections.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 68"
11493,1145,Croton setigerus Hook.,145,Modesse,109,m66,224,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant dried for a year to take on great power and used for dropsy.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 224"
11700,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
11754,1166,Cucurbita sp.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,24,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of rind taken for kidney troubles.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 24"
11772,1169,Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis (Abrams) E. Murray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,22,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Hot or cold infusion of cones taken for kidney problems.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 22"
11858,1193,Cynoglossum officinale L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,421,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion used as wash and applied as poultice for dropsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 421"
11907,1205,Cypripedium acaule Ait.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,128,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots used by children for kidney troubles.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 128"
11916,1205,Cypripedium acaule Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
11935,1208,Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
12581,1313,Diplacus aurantiacus ssp. aurantiacus,50,Costanoan,16,b84,15,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant used for kidney problems.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 15"
12606,1317,Dirca palustris L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,388,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of bark and roots taken for kidney troubles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 388"
12619,1317,Dirca palustris L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,54,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken as a diuretic for kidney troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 54"
12659,1326,Draba helleriana Greene,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,28,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Decoction of leaves taken for sore kidney, bad cough or gonorrhea.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
12934,1369,Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
12944,1370,Echinocystis sp.,25,California Indian,111,m90,41,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Roasted seeds eaten for kidney troubles.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 41"
12948,1371,Echium vulgare L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,266,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken for the kidneys.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
12949,1371,Echium vulgare L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"74, 130",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Leaves or root, 'a rare plant,' used for kidney disorders.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130"
13033,1383,Elymus canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,274,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 274"
13082,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for kidney troubles.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13119,1401,Ephedra californica S. Wats.,65,Diegueno,85,hedges86,19,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of branches taken for the kidneys.,"Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 19"
13139,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,157,Navajo,45,r29,157,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of stems and leaves taken for kidney troubles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157"
13156,1404,Ephedra sp.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,68,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves and blossoms taken for pleurisy of the kidneys.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 68"
13157,1404,Ephedra sp.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,21,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plants taken to flush the kidneys.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 21"
13166,1405,Ephedra torreyana S. Wats.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,42,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of stems taken or stems chewed for kidney trouble.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
13173,1406,Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats.,157,Navajo,74,e44,24,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of dried plants taken for kidney affections.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24"
13203,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,183,Paiute,12,tha41,68-70,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion or decoction of twigs or branches taken as a kidney regulator.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 68-70"
13219,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,68-70,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion or decoction of twigs or branches taken as a kidney regulator.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 68-70"
13232,1410,Epigaea repens L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,216,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves used for kidney disorders.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 216"
13238,1410,Epigaea repens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidneys and 'chest ailment.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
13245,1410,Epigaea repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,410,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Decoction of whole plant or roots, stalks and leaves taken for the kidneys.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 410"
13257,1412,Epilobium canum ssp. angustifolium (Keck) Raven,144,Miwok,100,bg33,174,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for kidney trouble.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 174"
13292,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
13312,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,368,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of whole plant used for dropsy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 368"
13327,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"55, 56",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 55, 56"
13343,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,27,Carrier,134,c73,84,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken for kidney problems.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 84"
13345,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
13373,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,34,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of rushes taken for kidney troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 34"
13416,1423,Equisetum hyemale var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eat.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,262,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 262"
13455,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,59,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken for kidney trouble and associated back trouble.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 59"
13490,1428,Equisetum sp.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,70,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 70"
13504,1429,Equisetum sylvaticum L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of stems used for dropsy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 35"
13505,1429,Equisetum sylvaticum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,368,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney trouble and dropsy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 368"
13782,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for gout and infusion taken 'for kidneys.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
13808,1481,Erigeron pulchellus Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for gout and infusion taken 'for kidneys.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
13978,1499,Eriogonum cernuum Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,19,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney disease.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 19"
14254,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,59,Creek,115,t40,45,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Cold infusion of pounded roots taken for kidney troubles.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
14255,1551,Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655656,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Cold infusion of root taken for kidney troubles and neuralgia.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655656"
14442,1578,Euonymus sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,374,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound taken for dropsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 374"
14451,1579,Eupatorium maculatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"41, 42",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for 'dropsy' and infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41, 42"
14467,1579,Eupatorium maculatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,455,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots taken for kidney trouble.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 455"
14500,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,458,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 458"
14517,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Parts of plant used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
14532,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
14551,1582,Eupatorium purpureum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"41, 42",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for 'dropsy' and infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41, 42"
14967,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for disease of the kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
15059,1644,Frangula californica ssp. californica,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,368,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Bark used for kidney troubles.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 368"
15421,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,84,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken for kidney problems.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 84"
15458,1680,Galax urceolata (Poir.) Brummitt,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
15471,1682,Galium aparine L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,56,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Parts of plant used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
15476,1682,Galium aparine L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of whole plant used for kidney trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386"
15479,1682,Galium aparine L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
15497,1686,Galium concinnum Torr. & Gray,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of whole plant used for kidney trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244"
15529,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,138,Menominee,51,s23,51,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of herb used 'to clear up kidney troubles.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 51"
15530,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,170,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken as a tea for dropsy.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 170"
15596,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
15604,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,410,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of plants taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 410"
15611,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"74, 130",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves taken as a kidney medicine.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130"
15612,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
15622,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
15722,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for Bright's disease and dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
16103,1764,Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Cold infusion of leaf taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
16123,1765,Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Cold infusion of leaf taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
16214,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,54,Cree,145,b41,494,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant and camomile used for kidney pains.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 494"
16255,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,238,Sioux,73,b05,12,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16258,1781,Grindelia squarrosa var. serrulata (Rydb.) Steyermark,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,43,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Dried upper third of plant and buds taken for dropsy.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
16376,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used 'when kidneys failed to act.',"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
16400,1796,Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction used for kidney trouble.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
16430,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,348,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of twigs taken and poultice of bark used to regulate the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 348"
16487,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,154,Nanticoke,22,t42,58,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant considered an excellent remedy for kidney troubles.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 58"
16523,1813,Helenium amarum var. amarum,116,Koasati,115,t40,62,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of entire plant used as a sweatbath for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
16553,1820,Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaf taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
17430,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for inflamed kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
17495,1926,Hydrangea arborescens L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Roots and blue flag roots used for gallstones.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
17617,1956,Hypericum ascyron L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"37, 38",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compounded with blackcap raspberry root and used for kidney troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 37, 38"
17704,1976,Ilex cassine L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"l2, 62",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for 'dropsy and gravel.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page l2, 62"
17751,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,380,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plants taken for kidney problems and dropsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 380"
17797,1983,Impatiens sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,663,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of plant taken and used as a wash for dropsy.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663"
17877,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
17887,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,59,Creek,128,swan28,670,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used 'nephritic complaints.',"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 670"
17964,1999,Ipomopsis congesta ssp. congesta,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,77-80,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken for 'kidney complaint.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 77-80"
17975,1999,Ipomopsis congesta ssp. congesta,276,Washo,12,tha41,77-80,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of crushed plant taken and poultice applied for dropsy.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 77-80"
18031,2011,Iris missouriensis Nutt.,161,Nevada Indian,139,n66,47,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots taken for kidney troubles.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
18079,2017,Iris versicolor L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Roots used for kidney disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
18083,2017,Iris versicolor L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,30,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for disorders of the kidneys.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30"
18163,2029,Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for dropsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
18461,2054,Juniperus communis L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,41,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of green berries taken for sore backs from kidney troubles.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 41"
18481,2054,Juniperus communis L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,83,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of boughs used for kidney pain.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 83"
18503,2054,Juniperus communis L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Berries eaten for kidney disorders.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
18516,2054,Juniperus communis L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,4,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of branches and fruit taken for kidney problems.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 4"
18517,2054,Juniperus communis L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,4,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Raw fruit eaten for kidney problems.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 4"
18531,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Berries eaten for kidney disorders.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
18532,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of branches used for kidney ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18583,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,37,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for kidney problems.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37"
18599,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,13,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of seeds taken for kidney trouble.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13"
18798,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of berries taken for kidney ailments.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18799,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Simple or compound decoction of young twigs taken for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18834,2059,Juniperus occidentalis Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,92-96,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Simple or compound decoction of twigs or decoction of berry used for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92-96"
18892,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of berries taken for kidney ailments.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18893,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,183,Paiute,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Simple or compound decoction of young twigs taken for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18913,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of twigs or decoction of berry taken for kidney ailments.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18914,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,93-96,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Simple or compound decoction of young twigs taken for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 93-96"
18999,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for kidney trouble.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
19051,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19096,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for kidney troubles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19097,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,49,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Strong decoction of whole plant used for kidney trouble and hemorrhage.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
19385,2084,Lactuca canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,478,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for kidney trouble.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 478"
19487,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,9,Anticosti,150,r46,63,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of bark and bark from another plant taken for kidney troubles.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 63"
19811,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,133,Makah,3,g83,301,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a kidney medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 301"
19815,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,134,Malecite,93,mech59,257,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney trouble.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 257"
19819,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,58,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Leaves used for kidney trouble and to make a beverage.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58"
19836,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves and twigs taken for the kidneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
19916,2134,Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.,125,Lakota,108,r80,41,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for the kidneys.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 41"
19952,2144,Leptodactylon pungens (Torr.) Torr. ex Nutt.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,38,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for kidney disease.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 38"
20149,2168,Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,216,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for kidney troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 216"
20167,2171,Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,27,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for dropsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
20394,2204,Linum australe var. australe,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,30,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney disease.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 30"
20600,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,374,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken for kidney problems.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 374"
20613,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,351,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion or decoction of roots used for kidney troubles.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 351"
20614,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,373,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Roots used as a diuretic for kidney troubles.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 373"
21122,2261,Lonicera dioica L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,234,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of bark used for kidney stones.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 234"
21554,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
21701,2339,Lysimachia quadrifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken 'for kidney problems.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
21705,2341,Lythrum alatum var. lanceolatum (Ell.) Torr. & Gray ex Rothrock,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken 'for kidneys.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
21807,2367,Magnolia grandiflora L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,23,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of mashed bark used as a steambath for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
21843,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,85,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots and chokecherry or kinnikinnick branches taken for bad kidneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
21844,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,85,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Roots used to make a tonic for the kidneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
21948,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of berries used for kidney troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
21978,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,120,Kutenai,30,h92,18,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots taken for kidney trouble.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 18"
21985,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,8,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root bark used for kidney trouble.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8"
22013,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,"51, 52",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken as a kidney medicine.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 51, 52"
22035,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,284,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 284"
22039,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373374,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used 'to keep the kidneys open during pregnancy.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374"
22077,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for sore back and kidney trouble.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
22112,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound containing root taken 'to keep kidneys open during pregnancy.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
22346,2400,Malva sp.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for the kidneys.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
22366,2408,Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose,30,Catawba,115,t40,10,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of pounded roots taken and used as a wash for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 10"
22367,2408,Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose,30,Catawba,75,s37,191,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of pounded roots taken and used externally for dropsy.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 191"
22412,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,88,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of whole plant used for flushing the kidneys.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 88"
22604,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,25,California Indian,111,m90,41,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for kidney complaint.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 41"
22675,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,64,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidney problems.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 64"
23055,2489,Mirabilis multiflora var. multiflora,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,60,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of pulverized root taken for swellings 'of dropsical origin.',"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 60"
23130,2494,Mitchella repens L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,442,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion or decoction of roots and bark taken for kidney troubles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 442"
23156,2494,Mitchella repens L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,274,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for kidney disorders.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 274"
23192,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for aching kidneys.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
23235,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,70,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion used for kidney problems.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70"
23329,2509,Monarda sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,657,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of plant taken and used as a wash for dropsy.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657"
23330,2509,Monarda sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,54,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used as a bath and taken for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54"
23573,2558,Myrica sp.,62,Delaware,97,t72,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Bark used for kidney troubles.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 35"
23576,2558,Myrica sp.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"29, 76",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Bark used for 'kidney trouble.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 76"
23577,2558,Myrica sp.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"74, 130",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of bark taken for kidney disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130"
23625,2571,Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Loes.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,257,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root scrapings used for gravel.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 257"
23781,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for 'dropsical conditions.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23924,2585,Nicotiana rustica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for dropsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
23964,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for dropsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
24323,2623,Oenothera pallida Lindl.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,34,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney disease.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34"
24969,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,181,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Infusion of leaves, stems and roots taken by men for dysfunctioning kidneys.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 181"
24970,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,181,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Infusion of pulverized leaves, stems and roots taken for kidney troubles.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 181"
25101,2702,Osmunda regalis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,260,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction taken by women for cold in kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 260"
25117,2705,Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch,38,Chippewa,4,d28,346,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of wood taken for kidney trouble.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346"
25285,2726,Packera aurea (L.) A.& D. L”ve,100,Iroquois,7,h77,473,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plants taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 473"
25319,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25329,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25428,2735,Panax trifolius L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,36,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for 'dropsy' and gout.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
25596,2765,Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,95,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of branches taken for kidney troubles.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95"
25766,2786,Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link,131,Mahuna,5,r54,22,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plants taken to flush the kidneys.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 22"
25903,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for kidney trouble.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
25912,2809,Penstemon fruticosus var. scouleri (Lindl.) Cronq.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for kidney troubles.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
25915,2809,Penstemon fruticosus var. scouleri (Lindl.) Cronq.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for kidney troubles.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
25946,2821,Penstemon sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plants taken for kidney trouble.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
26167,2838,Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg.,59,Creek,138,c51,289,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root used for dropsy.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 289"
26241,2848,Petroselinum crispum (P. Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of top and root taken for kidneys and 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
26800,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Cold infusion of powdered root taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
26948,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,118,Koyukon,158,n83,49,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of needles taken for kidney problems.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49"
27095,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,49,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of needles taken for kidney problems.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49"
27209,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound poultice of boiled root bark applied to woman's kidney swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27732,2962,Pinus glabra Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for 'weak back or kidneys.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
27882,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of resin taken for the kidneys.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
28183,2977,Pinus strobus L.,64,"Delaware, Ontario",22,t42,"68, 82",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of twigs taken for kidney disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 68, 82"
28236,2977,Pinus strobus L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,59,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant parts used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59"
28280,2979,Pinus virginiana P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for 'weak back or kidneys.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
28294,2979,Pinus virginiana P. Mill.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,27,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Rolled, hardened sap used as pills and taken for kidney trouble.","Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 27"
28475,3001,Plantago major L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to dropsical swellings and infections.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
28780,3046,Polygala senega L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for 'dropsy' and infusion of root or root powder used as an expectorant.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
28941,3066,Polygonum hydropiper L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,244,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of dried leaves used for dropsy.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244"
29530,3105,Populus sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,660,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root used as a wash in cases of dropsy.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 660"
29736,3114,Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
29748,3115,Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,40,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
29915,3148,Prosartes hookeri var. hookeri,50,Costanoan,16,b84,28,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Fruit used for the kidneys.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 28"
30224,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of bark taken for the kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
30543,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,33,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of fresh or dried leaves taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 33"
31181,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a kidney remedy.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
31209,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a kidney remedy.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
31397,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,183,Paiute,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of stems and tops taken for kidney ailments.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
31414,3209,Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,64-66,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Simple or compound decoction of plant tops used for kidney pain and urine incontinence.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66"
31640,3229,Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems or flowers taken for pains over the kidneys.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 61"
31770,3239,Pyrola asarifolia ssp. asarifolia,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,60,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Parts of plant used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 60"
31774,3239,Pyrola asarifolia ssp. asarifolia,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
32794,3328,Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,58,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for the kidneys.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58"
33312,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots taken for kidney ailments.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
33318,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,346,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for kidney trouble.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 346"
33339,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Strong decoction of root taken for kidney trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
33838,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,50,Costanoan,16,b84,10,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant used as a kidney remedy.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 10"
33981,3422,Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,18,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of fruit 'hips' used for kidney ailments.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 18"
34483,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,355,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 355"
34765,3462,Rubus odoratus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,354,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of stalks and leaves taken as kidney medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 354"
35128,3475,Rudbeckia fulgida Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for dropsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
35135,3476,Rudbeckia hirta L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for dropsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
35235,3485,Rumex crispus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken 'to correct fluids.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
35274,3485,Rumex crispus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,311,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plants taken for kidney trouble.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 311"
35441,3491,Rumex patientia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,32,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken 'to correct fluids.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
35507,3496,Rumex venosus Pursh,183,Paiute,12,tha41,132133,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for kidney disorders.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 132133"
35536,3502,Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers.,96,Houma,49,speck41,"55, 56",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 55, 56"
36159,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of root taken for dropsy.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36160,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots taken or used as a bath for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36481,3563,Salvia sp.,102,Jemez,28,c30,27,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken or raw plant eaten for kidney troubles.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
36491,3564,Sambucus nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
36652,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
36700,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,100,Iroquois,7,h77,449,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of bark taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449"
36994,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,337,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for fevers or the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 337"
37077,3577,Sanicula marilandica L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,396,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plants taken for dropsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 396"
37087,3577,Sanicula marilandica L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Roots used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61"
37092,3578,Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe,134,Malecite,93,mech59,257,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant and spikenard used for kidney trouble.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 257"
37200,3588,Sarracenia purpurea L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Herbs used for kidney trouble and consumption.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61"
37208,3588,Sarracenia purpurea L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,310,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant 'supposedly' taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310"
37342,3595,Saxifraga pensylvanica L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,344,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound used for dropsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 344"
37343,3595,Saxifraga pensylvanica L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,344,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots taken for weak kidneys or dropsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 344"
37571,3618,Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh,100,Iroquois,7,h77,434,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound taken for dropsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 434"
37581,3623,Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. ex Spreng.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root compound used as a kidney medicine.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
37590,3625,Scutellaria incana Biehler,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root compound used as a kidney medicine.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
37597,3626,Scutellaria lateriflora L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,55,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root compound used as a kidney medicine.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
37661,3642,Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkl.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,27,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for a 'cold in the kidneys.',"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 27"
38001,3685,Silphium integrifolium Michx.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,216,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for 'one with kidney trouble or who was crippled.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 216"
38064,3689,Sinapis alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Taken for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
38160,3704,Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex Small,100,Iroquois,7,h77,467,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of stalks and roots taken for kidney troubles.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 467"
38195,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,346,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for kidney trouble.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346"
38436,3739,Solidago nemoralis Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,460,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 460"
38575,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Infusion of branches taken for weak kidneys, to stop frequent urination.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38723,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,133,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of branches taken for poor kidneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 133"
38964,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,62,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Parts of plant used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62"
38972,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
39017,3846,Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene,183,Paiute,12,tha41,143,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 143"
39022,3846,Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,143,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 143"
39200,3875,Symphyotrichum prenanthoides (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nesom,100,Iroquois,7,h77,463,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 463"
39313,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,243,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of dried leaves used for kidney troubles.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 243"
39316,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,62,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Leaves used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62"
39356,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,7,h77,477,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for kidney trouble and dropsy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 477"
39621,3911,Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound used for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
40209,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,210,Quinault,25,g73,19,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of bark and twigs taken for kidney trouble.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40516,3982,Tradescantia virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"56, 57",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound used for kidney trouble.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56, 57"
40619,4011,Trifolium pratense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,29,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for 'Bright's disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29"
40629,4012,Trifolium repens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,29,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for 'Bright's disease.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29"
40850,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of stem tips taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
40886,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,249,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of boughs used for cold in the kidneys.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 249"
40903,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,62,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Roots and stems used for 'cold in kidney.',"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62"
40924,4042,Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of stem tips taken for kidneys.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
41117,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,257,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of one root used for gravel.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 257"
41222,4049,Typha latifolia L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,36,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Roots used for kidney stones.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
41223,4049,Typha latifolia L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 80",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used to dissolve kidney stones.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 80"
41521,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,306,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of bark taken for kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 306"
42389,4087,Vaccinium sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,310,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves used for kidney disorders.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 310"
42775,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of root taken 'for kidneys' and used to bathe legs for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
42865,4108,Verbena hastata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,60,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,One quart proof spirits and one handful of roots used for dropsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
42887,4111,Verbena officinalis L.,96,Houma,49,speck41,65,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for kidney and liver trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 65"
43003,4127,Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,247,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used to dissolve gravel in the kidneys and for fits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247"
43153,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,447,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for fevers and kidneys.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447"
43490,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,383,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383"
43645,4209,Xanthium spinosum L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,69,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for the kidneys.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 69"
43657,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,131,Mahuna,5,r54,69,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for diseased kidneys.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 69"
44328,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,368,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368"
44345,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,244245,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of root used for kidney trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245"
44364,4244,Zea mays L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for 'gravel.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
44621,4253,Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,38,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Hot infusion of plant drunk for kidney trouble.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
45,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Gum melted on warm stone and fumes inhaled for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
79,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for chest pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
214,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Needle smudge smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
409,20,Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus var. hirtellus Blake,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,9,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Mashed plant used as a salve for pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 9"
606,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
635,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
730,38,Achillea millefolium L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,240,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed leaves used as a snuff for headaches.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 240"
734,38,Achillea millefolium L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers used for headaches.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
741,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body to soothe the pain of gastroenteritis.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
766,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for chest pains.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
778,38,Achillea millefolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves steamed and inhaled for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
788,38,Achillea millefolium L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant heads used to make a compress for headaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
807,38,Achillea millefolium L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,360,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used for headaches.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"
814,38,Achillea millefolium L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for any kind of internal pain.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"
818,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,469,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots or leaves used internally or externally for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 469"
819,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant chewed and poultice of leaves applied for neuralgia.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
859,38,Achillea millefolium L.,129,Lummi,25,g73,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flowers taken for body aches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
875,38,Achillea millefolium L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,391,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
891,38,Achillea millefolium L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried or green mashed leaves used for pain and used during influenza epidemic.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
892,38,Achillea millefolium L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried or green mashed leaves used for pain.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
908,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
922,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Green plants smelled by old men for headaches.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
993,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken for pains in stomach, throat, chest and muscles.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
1027,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headaches caused by weak or sore eyes.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 44"
1036,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed green plant smelled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1037,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1038,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1039,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of boiled, whole plant applied to pains or sores.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1040,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, mashed and boiled leaves applied to sprained ankle pains.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1041,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, mashed leaves dampened with water applied with a cloth to tired, aching feet.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1042,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mashed leaves applied as a compress for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1067,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed green plant smelled for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1068,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flower taken for stomachaches and used as a liniment for muscular pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1069,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1070,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,31-33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of boiled, whole plant applied to pains or sores.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1096,44,Achillea sp.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Fresh, crushed flower inserted into the nostril for headaches.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
1178,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Rootstock ground, mixed with tobacco and smoked inhaled for headaches.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1184,55,Acorus calamus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root chewed for headache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
1198,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for bowel pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 42"
1199,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,171,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for bowel pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171"
1200,55,Acorus calamus L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,7,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant smoked for headaches.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 7"
1234,55,Acorus calamus L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of powdered roots and yellow pond lily roots or cow parsnip roots applied for headaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1281,55,Acorus calamus L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"31, 74",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root used for stomachache and intestinal pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 31, 74"
1313,55,Acorus calamus L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"22, 23",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Root, a very powerful remedy, used for stomach cramps.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 22, 23"
1317,55,Acorus calamus L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,202,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for 'a cramp expected in the stomach.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 202"
1332,55,Acorus calamus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 128",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for stomach pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
1340,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
1414,59,Actaea pachypoda Ell.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,237238,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for childbirth pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237238"
1419,60,Actaea racemosa var. racemosa,32,Cherokee,105,w47,"73, 74",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root 'in spirits' used for rheumatic pains.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 73, 74"
1420,60,Actaea racemosa var. racemosa,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Used as an anodyne.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
1445,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,6,Algonquin,202,b36,142,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Used for stomach pains, in some seasons for males, other seasons for females.","Bradley, Will T., 1936, Medical Practices of the New England Aborigines, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 25(2):138-147, page 142"
1460,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,201,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomach pain caused by having 'swallowed hair.',"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
1517,67,Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.,42,Coahuilla,168,b67,"77, 78",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of twigs taken for stomach and intestinal pain.,"Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 77, 78"
1542,70,Adiantum jordanii C. Muell.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,4,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used for 'pain below the shoulders.',"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 4"
1566,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,258,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used by children for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 258"
1639,77,Aesculus hippocastanum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,379,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound of powdered roots used for chest pains.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 379"
1665,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,186,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used for chest pains from coughing.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186"
1677,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,38,Chippewa,4,d28,340,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for cold and chest pain.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340"
1721,88,Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze,183,Paiute,12,tha41,33,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of leaves used for stomach pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 33"
1892,100,Ageratina herbacea (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
2136,141,Allium cernuum Roth,133,Makah,25,g73,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"