id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
1605,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,Broken seeds used as suppositories for piles.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
1606,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,2,Drug,13,Poison,Raw seeds considered poisonous if eaten.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
2462,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,2,Drug,,,Plant used as medicine.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
3717,293,Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr.,30,Catawba,115,t40,10,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of beaten roots applied to boils.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 10"
4659,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Raw berries eaten as a laxative.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
9880,943,Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fleshy roots known as a virulent poison and sometimes used for suicide.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10201,1017,Clematis hirsutissima Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves used for headaches.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10202,1017,Clematis hirsutissima Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Scraped root held in nostril of fallen horse and acted as a stimulant to animal.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10223,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Chewed for colds.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10224,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Chewed for sore throats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
18076,2017,Iris versicolor L.,59,Creek,115,t40,10,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Plant used as a cathartic.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 10"
19296,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,10,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 10"
19297,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,10,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for cuts.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 10"
19298,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,10,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant tied to Sun Dancers head to prevent him from getting tired.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 10"
22366,2408,Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose,30,Catawba,115,t40,10,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of pounded roots taken and used as a wash for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 10"
22368,2408,Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose,30,Catawba,115,t40,10,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for snakebites.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 10"
23026,2484,Mirabilis californica Gray,131,Mahuna,5,r54,10,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Plant used for eruptive fevers.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 10"
24807,2670,Opuntia sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,10,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of warm fruit applied and warm fruit juice rubbed on for rheumatism.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 10"
33837,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,50,Costanoan,16,b84,10,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Cold infusion of plants taken for fevers.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 10"
33838,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,50,Costanoan,16,b84,10,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of plant used as a kidney remedy.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 10"
33839,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,50,Costanoan,16,b84,10,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of plant used as a liver remedy.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 10"
36035,3545,Salix pulchra Cham.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,10,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaves made the mouth smell good.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10"
36886,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,131,Mahuna,5,r54,10,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Blossoms used for measles.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 10"
38891,3824,Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,10,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaf ash used for skin ulcers.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 10"
38892,3824,Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,10,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaf ash used for sores and navel sores on babies.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 10"
38893,3824,Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,10,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Leaf ash used on the vagina and neighboring parts after giving birth.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 10"
38894,3824,Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,10,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Leaves & stems pounded, resulting juice mixed with other ingredients & taken for excessive menses.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 10"
38895,3824,Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,10,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaf ash used for excessive saliva from babies' mouths.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 10"
38896,3824,Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,10,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Leaf ash used for excessive saliva from babies' mouths.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 10"
38897,3824,Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,10,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Leaf ash used for sores and navel sores on babies.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 10"
4289,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,100,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots and fruits used for rheumatism.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 100"
15096,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,115,Klamath,66,c97,100,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Berries used as an emetic.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 100"
15097,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,115,Klamath,66,c97,100,2,Drug,40,Emetic,"Infusion of foliage, twigs and bark taken as an emetic.","Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 100"
19998,2155,Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. ex Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,100,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pulverized roots applied to sores or swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 100"
19999,2155,Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. ex Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,100,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pulverized roots applied to sores or swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 100"
26868,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,"Decoction of needles and gum taken for cancer. It was said that if this treatment did not work, nothing would work.  The decoction was taken with a spoon directly from the bark blisters and in concentrated form.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
26869,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of needles and gum taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
26870,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch used for eczema.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
26872,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Tree and red cedar tree caused vivid dreams for anyone who slept under it.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27266,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of burned cone ashes taken for dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27267,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Needles used to restore eyesight. A blind person, or one with poor eyesight, rubbed his hands with the needles and then rubbed his eyes with his hands to restore his eyesight.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27268,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of boughs used for any kind of illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27269,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,,,Decoction of inner bark taken as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27270,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,,,Evergreen tops considered good medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27271,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,,,Infusion of bark taken as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
33790,3403,Ricinus communis L.,193,Pima,11,c49,100,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Beans eaten for headaches.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"
33791,3403,Ricinus communis L.,193,Pima,11,c49,100,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Beans eaten as a purge.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"
33792,3403,Ricinus communis L.,193,Pima,11,c49,100,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Beans dried, ground and sprinkled on sores.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"
33793,3403,Ricinus communis L.,193,Pima,11,c49,100,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Beans eaten for constipation.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"
33794,3403,Ricinus communis L.,193,Pima,11,c49,100,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"
36890,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of bark and roots taken by boys and girls as a purgative to cleanse the system.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
36891,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Bark used with black twinberry bark for nervous breakdowns.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
40473,3973,Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,100,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
40475,3973,Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill.,205,Ponca,17,g19,100,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
20222,2178,Ligusticum filicinum S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,100101,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Root used in a cough remedy.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 100101"
4621,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for spitting of blood.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4622,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a blood tonic.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4623,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of leaves and stems used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4624,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the kidneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4625,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the bladder.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4995,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaves chewed by runners for the mentholating properties.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
9644,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of whole plant taken as a blood purifier.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
9645,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of roots and leaves taken as a blood purifier.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
9646,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of roots and leaves taken for long lasting colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
9647,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,341,Dietary Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken as an appetizer.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
9648,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of roots and leaves taken to 'clean out' the kidneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
9649,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of roots and leaves taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
9876,942,Cicuta maculata L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,101,2,Drug,13,Poison,Poisonous roots mixed with rattlesnake poison or decomposed animal liver and used to poison arrows.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 101"
17771,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,177,Omaha,17,g19,101,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed stems and leaves applied to skin for rash and eczema.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
17796,1982,Impatiens pallida Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,101,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed stems and leaves applied to skin for rash and eczema.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
18128,2020,Isocoma pluriflora (Torr. & Gray) Greene,193,Pima,11,c49,101,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of plant applied for muscular pain.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 101"
18129,2020,Isocoma pluriflora (Torr. & Gray) Greene,193,Pima,11,c49,101,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Leaves chewed for coughs.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 101"
18130,2020,Isocoma pluriflora (Torr. & Gray) Greene,193,Pima,11,c49,101,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied for muscular pain.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 101"
26543,2898,Phoradendron sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,101,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Powdered berries mixed with water and used to bathe infected eyes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"
26544,2898,Phoradendron sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,101,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Powdered berries mixed with water and used to bathe sore or infected eyes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"
26545,2898,Phoradendron sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,101,2,Drug,,,"Leaves used to make tea, which may have had a medicinal use.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"
26572,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,101,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used as a splint for broken limbs.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"
20418,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,183,Paiute,12,tha41,101102,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves alone or stems and leaves applied to swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 101102"
20419,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,183,Paiute,12,tha41,101102,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion or decoction of plant parts used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 101102"
20421,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,183,Paiute,12,tha41,101102,2,Drug,138,Poultice,Poultice of leaves applied for goiter.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 101102"
20425,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,101102,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 101102"
20427,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,101102,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion or decoction of plant parts used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 101102"
20428,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,101102,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied for 'gall trouble.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 101102"
5941,420,Arundo donax L.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used as a splint for broken limbs.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
8764,820,Celastrus scandens L.,172,Oglala,17,g19,102,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
13099,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,102,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of plant applied for pain.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102"
14432,1575,Euonymus atropurpurea Jacq.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,102,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken for uterine trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
16390,1792,Habenaria odontopetala Reichenb. f.,228,Seminole,88,s54,102,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Plant used to make a medicine and given to students in medical training to make the body strong.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 102"
16844,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,115,Klamath,66,c97,102,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
19836,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves and twigs taken for the kidneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
20620,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,102,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion or decoction of root taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102"
20621,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,102,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Cold water infusion of root taken daily for six months as a contraceptive.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102"
21374,2306,Lupinus sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,102,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Plant used for 'failure in urination.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102"
21378,2306,Lupinus sp.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,102,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Plant used for 'failure in urination.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102"
27467,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Pitch mixed with bear tallow, rose petals and red ochre and used as face cream or for blemishes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27468,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Pitch used as a sort of 'cold cream' with disinfectant properties.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27470,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of twigs with needles attached used for influenza.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27473,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Pitch mixed with bear tallow, rose petals and red ochre and rubbed on the skin of newborn babies.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27791,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch used as a face cream by girls to prevent sunburn.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28081,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch used as a face cream by girls to prevent sunburn.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
31581,3220,Pterospora andromedea Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of roots taken for gonorrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
37101,3580,Sanicula sp.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,102,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 102"
39059,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,133,Makah,101,ttco83,102,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves chewed and swallowed to counteract evil charms.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
39066,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,102,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of bark taken for inability to urinate.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
16145,1768,Gossypium sp.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,102103,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed kernels applied to child's head for baldness.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 102103"
16146,1768,Gossypium sp.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,102103,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Poultice of chewed kernels applied to child's head for baldness.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 102103"
38927,3831,Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb,183,Paiute,12,tha41,102103,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of plant tops taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103"
38928,3831,Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb,183,Paiute,12,tha41,102103,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of plant tops taken as a physic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103"
38929,3831,Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb,183,Paiute,12,tha41,102103,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Compound decoction of root used as a wash for swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103"
38930,3831,Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb,183,Paiute,12,tha41,102103,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of cottony fuzz applied to boils or sores to promote healing.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103"
38931,3831,Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb,183,Paiute,12,tha41,102103,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of plant tops taken as an emetic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103"
38932,3831,Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb,183,Paiute,12,tha41,102103,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Cottony fuzz placed in cavity of aching tooth.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103"
38933,3831,Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,102103,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of plant tops taken for vomiting.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103"
38934,3831,Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,102103,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plant tops used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103"
38935,3831,Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,102103,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Compound decoction of root taken as a tonic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103"
832,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,103,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Poultice of plant applied and infusion of plant used for fevers.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 103"
2841,197,Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne,193,Pima,11,c49,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of crushed roots taken by women for pains and menstrual hemorrhage.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
2842,197,Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne,193,Pima,11,c49,103,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of crushed roots taken by women for pains and menstrual hemorrhage.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
2843,197,Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne,193,Pima,11,c49,103,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Poultice of warmed leaves applied to the chest to loosen a cough.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
2844,197,Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne,193,Pima,11,c49,103,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of crushed roots taken by women for pains and menstrual hemorrhage.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
7678,666,Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray,61,Dakota,17,g19,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for internal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"
7679,666,Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray,61,Dakota,17,g19,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Smoke of dried root used to bathe aching body parts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"
7680,666,Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray,61,Dakota,17,g19,103,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Root smoke inhaled for head cold.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"
16617,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Poultice of warm ashes applied to stomach for worms.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
16618,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves taken for high fevers.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
16619,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for horses with sores caused by screw worms.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
22439,2417,Marrubium vulgare L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,103,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branches used to whip aching body parts to stimulate circulation.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 103"
22921,2456,Mentzelia nuda var. nuda,61,Dakota,17,g19,103,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Boiled, strained sap applied externally for fever.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"
27921,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,103,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of boughs used for any kind of illness by old people.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 103"
27922,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,103,2,Drug,,,Pitch used medicinally.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 103"
35898,3533,Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs,228,Seminole,88,s54,103,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used to make a medicine and given to students in medical training.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 103"
38654,3773,Sphaeralcea coccinea ssp. coccinea,61,Dakota,17,g19,103,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Chewed plant rubbed on skin to protect against boiling water in ceremony.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"
38655,3773,Sphaeralcea coccinea ssp. coccinea,61,Dakota,17,g19,103,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Chewed plant applied as a cooling and healing salve to sores and wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"
23805,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,103104,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Dried leaves and other plant parts smoked ceremonially.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 103104"
23808,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,103104,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,Snuff of leaves used for 'a discharge from the nose.',"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 103104"
3131,212,Amelanchier pallida Greene,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,104,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of boiled roots taken to check too-frequent menstruation.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 104"
4228,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,218,"Salish, Cowichan",101,ttco83,104,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and juice swallowed for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15655,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Large leaves eaten by both newly wed husband and wife for a firstborn baby boy.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
24668,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,61,Dakota,17,g19,104,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of peeled stems bound on wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24683,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,104,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of peeled stems bound on wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
25625,2767,Pectis papposa Harvey & Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,104,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of plant or dried plant taken as a laxative.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 104"
26742,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,2,Drug,254,Dietary Aid,Decoction of plant taken slowly to gradually expand the stomach until food was eaten without pain. This decoction was used by a person who had not eaten for a long time.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
28042,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Pitch used for aching backs, joints and limbs.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28045,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Pitch made into a salve and used for boils or cuts. The pitch ointment was left on the skin for three or four days.  It was said to get quite itchy, but after a while, the pitch was removed with the bandage and then took effect.  If the pitch stuck to the skin, it was not ready to remove.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28046,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of gum applied to boils, sores and chapped skin. White gum was used as a poultice with buckskin on boils and chronic sores while reddish gum was used on hard, red sores.  The reddish gum was mixed with any kind of lard, such as deer fat, strained and used on sores.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28047,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Poultice of warmed gum applied to the ear for earache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28050,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Gum used on babies' skin like baby oil. The ointment caused the baby to sleep all the time, just like aspirin.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28051,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Gum used on babies' skin like baby oil causing them to sleep all the time.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
31009,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
33563,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,104,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 104"
22762,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,104.105,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of plant parts used for stomachache, indigestion or babies' colic.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104.105"
21258,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,177,Omaha,17,g19,104105,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant revered and used in important ritual and ceremonial sacraments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104105"
21263,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,104105,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant revered and used in important ritual and ceremonial sacraments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104105"
22723,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of various plant parts taken for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22724,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves used in several ways for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22726,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of various plant parts taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22728,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22729,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of various plant parts taken and used as a wash for fevers.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22730,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion &/or decoction of plant parts used for stomachache, indigestion and babies' colic.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22732,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion &/or decoction of plant parts used for stomachache, indigestion and babies' colic.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22733,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed for sore throats.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22759,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of various plant parts taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22760,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of various plant parts taken and used as a wash for fevers.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22761,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of plant parts used for stomachache, indigestion or babies' colic.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22788,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,276,Washo,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of various plant parts taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22789,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,276,Washo,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of various plant parts taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22790,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,276,Washo,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of various plant parts taken for fevers.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22791,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,276,Washo,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of plant parts used for stomachache, indigestion or babies' colic.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
22792,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,276,Washo,12,tha41,104105,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of plant parts used for stomachache, indigestion and babies' colic.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 104105"
5649,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,115,Klamath,66,c97,105,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of herbage used internally for diarrhea.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"
5651,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,115,Klamath,66,c97,105,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of herbage used as a substitute for liniment.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"
5652,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,115,Klamath,66,c97,105,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of herbage used as an eyewash.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"
12639,1320,Dodecatheon hendersonii Gray,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,105,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Flowers hung on baby baskets to make the baby sleepy.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 105"
21357,2305,Lupinus sericeus Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Seeds pounded, mixed with water, strained and resulting liquid used as an eye medicine.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
21385,2308,Lupinus sulphureus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Seeds pounded, mixed with water, strained and resulting liquid used as an eye medicine.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
21390,2310,Lupinus wyethii S. Wats.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Seeds pounded, mixed with water, strained and resulting liquid used as an eye medicine.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
23004,2476,Mimulus guttatus DC.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,105,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to wounds or rope burns.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105"
28648,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,105,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots taken for diarrhea.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 105"
28650,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,105,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of roots used for sore eyes.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 105"
28652,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,105,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 105"
28653,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,105,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Poultice of roots applied to soothe nervous child that cried while sleeping.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 105"
28654,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,105,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Poultice of roots applied to soothe nervous child that cried while sleeping.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 105"
28655,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,105,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to snakebites on horses.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 105"
37648,3638,Selaginella densa Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant eaten by a starving man for its doping effect and to make one feel unusually strong.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
40587,3999,Trientalis borealis ssp. latifolia (Hook.) Hult‚n,183,Paiute,98,m53,105,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Plant used as an eye medicine.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 105"
42649,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaves chewed by children for drooling.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
23365,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23366,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23367,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of branches used as an eyewash for soreness or inflammation.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23368,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of plant taken for indigestion, gas pain or minor digestive upset.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23372,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23373,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of branches taken as a blood tonic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23374,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of branches taken as a physic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23375,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23376,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of plant taken for indigestion, gas pain or minor digestive upset.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23377,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of branches taken as a general tonic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23378,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,276,Washo,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23379,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,276,Washo,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
23380,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,276,Washo,12,tha41,105106,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of plant taken for indigestion, gas pain or minor digestive upset.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 105106"
13572,1443,Ericameria bloomeri (Gray) J.F. Macbr.,115,Klamath,66,c97,106,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves used to draw blisters.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 106"
13660,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,115,Klamath,66,c97,106,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of herbage used to raise blisters.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 106"
15155,1652,Frasera montana Mulford,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,106,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of roots taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
15548,1696,Garrya elliptica Dougl. ex Lindl.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,106,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Infusion of leaves taken to bring on a woman's period.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 106"
15853,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,106,2,Drug,,,"Poultice of pounded, heated roots applied medicinally.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19812,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,133,Makah,101,ttco83,106,2,Drug,,,Infusion of fresh or dried plant used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19829,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,106,2,Drug,358,Dietary Aid,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken as a tonic for increased appetite.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19831,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,106,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken as a tonic when 'run down.',"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19833,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,167,Nootka,101,ttco83,106,2,Drug,,,Infusion of fresh or dried plant used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
23806,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,106,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Poultice of leaves mixed with oil and soot applied to neck and chest for cough.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 106"
23807,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,106,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Snuff containing leaves used by women in labor.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 106"
23809,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,106,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaves placed on or in a tooth for toothache.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 106"
25395,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,106,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing root used by men as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
29463,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,106,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark and leaves used to wet a handkerchief and tie it around the head for headaches.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 106"
29464,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,106,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of boiled bark and leaves applied to swellings caused by muscle strain.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 106"
29465,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,106,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of bark and leaves used as a wash for cuts.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 106"
29466,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,106,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of bark and leaves used on horses for saddle sores and swollen legs.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 106"
37772,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,61,Dakota,17,g19,106,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Fruit used occasionally in ceremonial feasts at female puberty rites.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
38515,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,106,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Gum used as a cathartic.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38516,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,106,2,Drug,18,Other,Gum used as a cure for the opium habit.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
43196,4139,Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,106,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Infusion of tops used as a bathing solution in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
43613,4204,Wyethia mollis Gray,115,Klamath,66,c97,106,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of root used for swellings.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 106"
23767,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Decoction of leaves taken sparingly to expel worms.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23768,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Crushed seeds used as a liniment for rheumatic swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23770,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings, especially from rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23771,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Weak decoction of leaves taken as a physic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23772,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Dried leaves smoked alone or in a compound for colds and asthma.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23774,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a healing wash for hives or other skin irritations.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23775,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to cuts.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23776,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaf applied or crushed seed used as a liniment for swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23777,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to eczema or other skin infections.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23778,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pulverized dust of plant sprinkled on sores.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23780,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Weak decoction of leaves taken as an emetic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23781,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for 'dropsical conditions.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23783,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Compound containing dried leaves smoked for asthma.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23785,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of chewed leaves bound on snakebite after removing poison.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23786,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound containing dried leaves smoked for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23793,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Decoction of leaves taken sparingly to expel worms.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23794,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings, especially from rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23795,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Weak decoction of leaves taken as a physic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23796,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a healing wash for hives or other skin irritations.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23797,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to cuts.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23798,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaf applied to reduce swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23799,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Weak decoction of leaves taken as an emetic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23800,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to gum for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
23801,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,106107,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound of dried leaves smoked for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107"
222,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Needles used as a deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
9736,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Bulb used as soap for washing body, hair and utensils.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 107"
16890,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16891,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a physic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16892,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16900,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of scraped, boiled root applied to boils.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16958,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,107,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Plant tops used in smoke treatment for convulsions.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16959,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,107,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant tops used in smoke treatment for fainting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
20926,2239,Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & Gray) Theobald,61,Dakota,17,g19,107,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
20927,2239,Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & Gray) Theobald,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
20928,2239,Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & Gray) Theobald,190,Pawnee,17,g19,107,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
20929,2239,Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & Gray) Theobald,205,Ponca,17,g19,107,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
20930,2239,Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & Gray) Theobald,280,Winnebago,17,g19,107,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
22727,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,98,m53,107,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of fresh or dried leaves taken for colds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 107"
22962,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Bark used to counteract evil spells and doctor remedies.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
24979,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pounded root applied to boils.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
24981,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,107,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken for weakness and general debility.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
24986,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pounded root applied to wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
29891,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29892,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29908,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29909,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
30007,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gum diluted with water and used as a wash for open wounds and sores.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30008,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Gum diluted with water and used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
31203,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of plant top used for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31204,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pitch used for cuts, boils and other skin ailments.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31205,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Shoots used in the tips of moccasins to keep the feet from perspiring and to prevent athletes foot.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31210,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Peeled plant tops chewed, especially by young people at puberty, as a mouth freshener.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31211,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of pitch used for injured or dislocated bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
33407,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of inner bark used to wash sore eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
33560,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of dried branches taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
33561,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of dried branches taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
24578,2645,Opuntia aurea E.M. Baxter,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,107108,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of inner pulp applied to cuts and wounds and for the pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 107108"
24579,2645,Opuntia aurea E.M. Baxter,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,107108,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Fuzz-like spines rubbed into warts or moles to remove them.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 107108"
24580,2645,Opuntia aurea E.M. Baxter,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,107108,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of inner pulp applied to cuts and wounds and for the pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 107108"
23769,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,98,m53,108,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of stems and leaves used as a wash for aches and pains.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 108"
23773,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,98,m53,108,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Leaves smoked during sweathouse bathing and prayer, connected with spiritual power.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 108"
23779,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,98,m53,108,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of stems and leaves taken as an emetic.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 108"
23782,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,98,m53,108,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of plant taken for measles.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 108"
23784,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,98,m53,108,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of stems and leaves taken for respiratory diseases.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 108"
23787,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,183,Paiute,98,m53,108,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of stems and leaves taken for tuberculosis.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 108"
24896,2679,Orobanche californica Cham. & Schlecht.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,108,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 108"
24897,2679,Orobanche californica Cham. & Schlecht.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,108,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of plant taken for pneumonia or pulmonary trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 108"
25153,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,108,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of whole plant used to wash parts of the body afflicted with rheumatism.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 108"
26385,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,108,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of plant taken as a physic in the morning and evening.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
35852,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,108,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves and bark taken as a febrifuge.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
1718,88,Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken as a cold medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
1719,88,Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Leaves placed in babies' blankets for fevers.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
1720,88,Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Leaves placed in babies' blankets for fevers.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
5234,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Crushed leaves used to revive gophers after children clubbed them while playing a game.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
6355,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Ceremony connected with the obtaining and distribution of this prized root.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6356,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Fresh and dried root used in several ways on wounds and sores.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6357,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Raw root eaten for bronchial and pulmonary trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6358,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Root eaten raw for bronchial and pulmonary trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6359,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,109,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Root eaten raw for pulmonary trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6360,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,109,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Root eaten raw for bronchial trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
7822,692,Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,109,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of dried or fresh, peeled bark used for chest colds.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 109"
7823,692,Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,109,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,"Infusion of dried or fresh, peeled bark used to cough up the phlegm in the chest.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 109"
7824,692,Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,109,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion of dried or fresh, peeled bark used for stomach problems.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 109"
7825,692,Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,109,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of dried or fresh, peeled bark used for sore throat .","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 109"
15772,1717,Gentiana saponaria L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,109,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Simple or compound decoction of root taken as a tonic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
15773,1717,Gentiana saponaria L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,109,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Simple or compound decoction of root taken as a tonic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
22264,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,109,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Bark chewed by hunters to suppress thirst.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 109"
22706,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stems taken for pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
22707,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of stems taken for swellings.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
22708,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of stems taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
22709,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of stems taken for fevers.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
22710,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of stems taken for colic in children.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
22711,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of stems taken for colic in children.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
23361,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves and stems given to children and adults for the common cold.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
23362,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of leaves and stems given to children and adults for the common cold.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
24049,2593,Nothochelone nemorosa (Dougl. ex Lindl.) Straw,183,Paiute,98,m53,109,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Green, mashed plant juice applied to sores 'like iodine.'","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 109"
25849,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,183,Paiute,98,m53,109,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of mashed, fresh leaves applied to boils, mosquito bites, tick bites and open sores.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 109"
25934,2819,Penstemon richardsonii Dougl. ex Lindl.,183,Paiute,98,m53,109,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to sores.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 109"
29484,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,109,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109"
25001,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25002,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a physic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25003,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of root taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25004,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of root used as a wash for venereal sores and skin rashes.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25005,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Hot decoction of root applied to kill head lice.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25006,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pulped roots applied to cuts, sores, swellings and bruises.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25007,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of root used as an antiseptic wash for venereal sores.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25008,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of root used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25009,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of root taken for chills.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25010,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of root taken for fever.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25011,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of root taken for stomachaches, indigestion or gas pains.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25012,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of root taken for colds and influenza.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25013,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of root taken for pulmonary disorders and pneumonia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25015,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulped roots applied to snakebites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25016,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25017,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of root used as an antiseptic wash for venereal sores.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25018,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Simple or compound decoction of root taken for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25025,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25026,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh root inserted into nostrils for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25027,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of root taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25028,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a physic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25031,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Simple or compound decoction of root taken or pulverized root smoked for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25032,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Compound decoction of roots taken for coughs, 'heavy colds' and fevers.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25033,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Hot decoction of root applied to kill head lice.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25034,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pulped roots applied to cuts, sores, swellings and bruises.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25035,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of root used as an antiseptic wash for measles.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25036,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of root used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25037,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Simple or compound decoction of root taken for fevers.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25038,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of root taken for stomachaches, indigestion or gas pains.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25039,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of root taken to regulate menstrual disorders.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25040,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of root taken for colds and influenza.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25041,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of root used as an antiseptic wash for measles.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25042,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Decoction of root used for pulmonary disorders, pneumonia and whooping cough.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25044,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pulped roots applied to snakebites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25045,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25046,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of root taken as a tonic to protect against illness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25047,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of raw root applied for toothaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25048,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion or decoction of root taken for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25051,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,276,Washo,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25052,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,276,Washo,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a physic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25053,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,276,Washo,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of root taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25054,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,276,Washo,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of root taken for stomachaches, indigestion or gas pains.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25055,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,276,Washo,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of root taken for colds and influenza.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
25056,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,276,Washo,12,tha41,109110,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of root taken for pulmonary disorders and pneumonia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 109110"
3265,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,11,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Flowers used for skin ulcers and foot sores.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 11"
3384,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of broken roots taken for colds.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
3385,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of broken roots taken for coughs.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
3386,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves used as a salve for cuts and wounds.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
3387,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of broken roots taken for diabetes.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
3388,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Leaves used as a salve for livestock with cuts and wounds.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
6724,517,Atriplex sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,11,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Infusion of smaller leaves used as a wash for aching body, joints and sore muscles.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 11"
9195,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,148,Breast Treatment,Plant milk and other ingredients taken for dry breasts.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9196,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,235,Dietary Aid,"Buds or leaves chewed by nursing mothers to stimulate the appetite, helpful in milk production.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9197,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,191,Dietary Aid,Buds or leaves chewed by the mother for the benefit of the nursing baby.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9198,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Buds or leaves chewed by nursing mothers as a laxative.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9199,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Buds chewed by the mother and given to babies till the age of six months.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9200,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Buds or leaves chewed by the mother for the benefit of the nursing baby.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9201,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,"Buds, leaves & other plants pounded & resulting liquid taken for female reproductive organ weakness.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9202,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Buds and leaves used for general debility of the body.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9203,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of plant milk and other ingredients applied to scrofulous sores.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9204,873,Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,11,2,Drug,,,Buds chewed by the mother and given to babies till the age of six months.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11"
9351,889,Cheilanthes wootonii Maxon,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Cold infusion of plant used as a lotion for gunshot wounds.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
9352,889,Cheilanthes wootonii Maxon,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Plant used as 'life medicine.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
9467,897,Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root applied as a poultice for numb or paralyzed limbs.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
11079,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for ulcers.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
11945,1209,Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight,32,Cherokee,115,t40,11,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Decoction of roots taken for worms.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 11"
11961,1212,Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Cold, compound infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for injury.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
12773,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Dried root with 'smarting, acrid taste' caused a profuse flow of saliva.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
12774,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Root used as an antidote for rattlesnake bites.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
13438,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Compound decoction of plant used for 'lightning infection.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
14001,1506,Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of plant used for urinary problems.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
14066,1515,Eriogonum latifolium Sm.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Decoction of root, stalk and leaves taken for colds.","Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
14067,1515,Eriogonum latifolium Sm.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Decoction of root, stalk and leaves taken for coughs.","Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
14340,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed bulb-like roots applied to boils.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
16169,1775,Grindelia hirsutula var. hirsutula,131,Mahuna,5,r54,11,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for itching skin eruption caused by poison oak.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 11"
18495,2054,Juniperus communis L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Used as an emetic for all ceremonials.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
18690,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bark highly prized as a medicine for burns.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
20318,2191,Limonium californicum (Boiss.) Heller,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of plant used to clean the blood.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
20319,2191,Limonium californicum (Boiss.) Heller,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Powdered plant placed in nostrils to cause sneezing for congestion.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
20320,2191,Limonium californicum (Boiss.) Heller,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of plant used for internal injuries or urinary problems.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
20321,2191,Limonium californicum (Boiss.) Heller,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of plant used for venereal disease.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
28416,3001,Plantago major L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of roots taken for fever.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
28417,3001,Plantago major L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of roots taken for constipation.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
29523,3105,Populus sp.,35,Chickasaw,115,t40,11,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots taken for dysentery.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 11"
29533,3105,Populus sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,11,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for a broken arm.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 11"
33520,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Raw currants eaten for colds.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
33521,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of leaves and berries taken for sickness in general.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
33766,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Decoction of stems, without the bark, used as a wash for sore eyes.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
33767,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,,,"Decoction of stems, without the bark, taken as a medicine.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
35252,3485,Rumex crispus L.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,11,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of plant used for urinary problems.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11"
37734,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Poultice of heated leaves applied for earaches.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
37735,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Gummy sap taken for rundown conditions.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
37736,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of gummy sap taken as a tonic.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
40411,3966,Torreya californica Torr.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of nuts taken for tuberculosis.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
40449,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,131,Mahuna,5,r54,11,2,Drug,137,Preventive Medicine,Infusion of dried roots taken as an immunity against any further poisoning.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 11"
43069,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Berries eaten for colds.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43070,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43071,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Berries eaten for sore throats.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43567,4193,Woodsia neomexicana Windham,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Cold, compound infusion taken and used as a lotion for injury, a 'life medicine.'","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
18687,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction used for postpartum or menstrual pain and cold infusion used for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18688,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Decoction used in 'bath for purification of burial party.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18689,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Compound decoction, sometimes salted, taken for cough.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18691,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Compound used as sweatbath medicine.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18692,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of inner bark given to newborns 'to clean out impurities.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18693,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Cold infusion of plant used for fever.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18694,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Cold infusion of plant used for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18695,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction or smoke of various plant parts used for childbirth difficulties.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18696,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of inner bark used as an emetic for newborn 'to clean out all impurities.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18697,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Plant used as bed and coverlet for baby, 'to make him strong and healthy.'","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18698,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Wet twigs or pulverized needles used as stimulant in postpartum fainting.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
18699,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"11, 12",2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction given to sheep for bloating from eating 'chamiso.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12"
6113,431,Asclepias exaltata L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,110,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Raw root eaten for stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
6114,431,Asclepias exaltata L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,110,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Root eaten raw for stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
11790,1174,Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Vine used by girls to divine sincerity of suitors.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
17869,1990,Ipomoea leptophylla Torr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pulverized root dusted on body for pain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
17870,1990,Ipomoea leptophylla Torr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Root used in smoke treatment for nervousness and bad dreams.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
17871,1990,Ipomoea leptophylla Torr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root used to revive 'one who had fainted.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
18466,2054,Juniperus communis L.,64,"Delaware, Ontario",97,t72,110,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Compound infusion of bark taken for women's diseases.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 110"
18468,2054,Juniperus communis L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,110,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of berries taken or one berry a day eaten for colds.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 110"
18469,2054,Juniperus communis L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,110,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of berries taken or one berry a day eaten to prevent colds.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 110"
18470,2054,Juniperus communis L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,110,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Decoction of berries, needles and twigs taken one cup a day for coughing.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 110"
18471,2054,Juniperus communis L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,110,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of berries taken or one berry a day eaten for the flu.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 110"
18472,2054,Juniperus communis L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,110,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of berries taken or one berry a day eaten to prevent flu.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 110"
18473,2054,Juniperus communis L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,110,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Decoction of berries, needles and twigs taken one cup a day for respiratory ailments.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 110"
23683,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of plant tops taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
24114,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
24115,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Stems placed directly on the tooth for toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
24164,2599,Nymphaea odorata Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
24165,2599,Nymphaea odorata Ait.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Stems placed directly on the tooth for toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
36418,3559,Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction or infusion of leaves used for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
36419,3559,Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction or infusion of leaves used for any illness of a general nature.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
25313,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of root taken as a cough remedy.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25315,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of root used as a liniment for swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25317,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of root used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25319,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25320,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of root taken for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25323,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of root taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25324,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Powder of pulverized, dried roots applied to burns.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25325,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of root taken as a cough remedy.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25326,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed root applied to boils and deep cuts or wounds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25327,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Powdered, dried roots used on cuts, wounds, sores and burns.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25328,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion or decoction of root used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25329,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for kidney trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25330,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of root gargled for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25331,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of root taken for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25332,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of root taken for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25333,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,276,Washo,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a lotion for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
25334,2730,Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.,276,Washo,12,tha41,110111,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of root taken for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 110111"
10469,1047,Collomia grandiflora Dougl. ex Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of roots taken for high fevers.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
10470,1047,Collomia grandiflora Dougl. ex Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of leaves and stalks taken for constipation and to 'clean out your system.',"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
10471,1047,Collomia grandiflora Dougl. ex Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of roots taken as a laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
13247,1411,Epilobium brachycarpum K. Presl,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant tops applied to the hair as a conditioner for dandruff and hair manageability.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
13270,1416,Epilobium minutum Lindl. ex Lehm.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots and stems given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
13271,1416,Epilobium minutum Lindl. ex Lehm.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of roots and stems given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
17925,1996,Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of roots taken for high fevers.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
17926,1996,Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of leaves and stalks taken for constipation and to 'clean out your system.',"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
17927,1996,Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of roots taken as a laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
23217,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,111,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flowers and leaves taken for abdominal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
23219,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,111,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for abdominal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
23258,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,111,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves used on pimples and other skin eruptions on the face.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
28458,3001,Plantago major L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to kill the germs of sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
28499,3004,Plantago patagonica Jacq.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,111,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111"
36571,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,183,Paiute,98,m53,111,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated stems applied to the body that ached from rheumatism and similar disorders.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 111"
36572,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,183,Paiute,98,m53,111,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root scrapings taken for stomachaches.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 111"
37832,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,111,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries poisonous in great quantities.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 111"
39561,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of bark taken for any illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
41083,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of bark used for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
41084,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Boughs considered an important disinfectant. One informant noted that those desiring to cleanse themselves would scrub their bodies with the branches.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
41085,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of bark used for influenza.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
41102,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of bark used for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
41103,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Boughs steamed or rubbed on furniture and used as a room deodorizer and disinfectant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
41104,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of bark used for influenza.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
42869,4108,Verbena hastata L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,111,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for stomachache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
42870,4108,Verbena hastata L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,111,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for stomachache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
9261,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Powdered inner cortex rubbed on the hands and face to protect them from the cold during the winter.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
13286,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Powdered stems put in moccasins to avoid foot cramps when traveling long distances.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
13981,1500,Eriogonum compositum Dougl. ex Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of roots and stems taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
13982,1500,Eriogonum compositum Dougl. ex Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of roots and stems used to wash infected cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
13983,1500,Eriogonum compositum Dougl. ex Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to cuts or infusion of leaves used as a wash for cuts and sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
14019,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of roots and stems taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
14020,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of roots and stems used to wash infected cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
14021,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to cuts or infusion of leaves used as a wash for cuts and sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
14086,1519,Eriogonum niveum Dougl. ex Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of roots and stems taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
14087,1519,Eriogonum niveum Dougl. ex Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of roots and stems used to wash infected cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
14088,1519,Eriogonum niveum Dougl. ex Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to cuts or infusion of leaves used as a wash for cuts and sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
16454,1804,Hedeoma hispida Pursh,61,Dakota,17,g19,112,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves used for colds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
16455,1804,Hedeoma hispida Pursh,61,Dakota,17,g19,112,2,Drug,243,Dietary Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a flavor and tonic appetizer in diet for the sick.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
25631,2768,Pedicularis attollens Gray,276,Washo,12,tha41,112,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of plant applied to cuts, sores and swellings.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112"
25632,2768,Pedicularis attollens Gray,276,Washo,12,tha41,112,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of leaves taken as a tonic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112"
25664,2771,Pedicularis centranthera Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root given to children for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112"
25665,2771,Pedicularis centranthera Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of root given to children for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112"
26456,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of whole plant given to 'anemic' children.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
26457,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,112,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of whole plant given to 'anemic' children.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
26485,2890,Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,112,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of root taken as a tonic after childbirth.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112"
26486,2890,Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,112,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of root taken as a tonic after childbirth.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112"
35603,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,112,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant used as a love charm and for 'witchcraft.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 112"
22635,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,112113,2,Drug,119,Carminative,Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112113"
22720,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,112113,2,Drug,119,Carminative,Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112113"
22740,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,112113,2,Drug,119,Carminative,Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112113"
22742,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,112113,2,Drug,119,Carminative,Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112113"
22793,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,112113,2,Drug,119,Carminative,Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112113"
25847,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of green leaves or leaf powder applied to various skin problems.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25848,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of green or dried plant applied for swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25851,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plant used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25852,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, especially children's.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25853,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, especially children's.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25855,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plants taken for colds and rheumatic aches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25856,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plants used as a hot bath for sore feet and swollen legs and veins.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25857,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of whole plant taken for rheumatic aches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25858,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of whole plant taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25859,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of green leaves or leaf powder applied to various skin problems.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25861,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of stems and leaves dropped into the ear for ear infections.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25862,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Strong decoction of stems and leaves dropped into ear for ear infection.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25863,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plant used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25864,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, especially children's.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25865,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plants used as a hot bath for sore feet and swollen legs and veins.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25866,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, especially children's.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25867,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Compound infusion of plant used as a wash for gonorrheal sores.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
25869,2805,Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,112113,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Plant used in various ways both internally and externally for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113"
16034,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Burs kept in the mouth by buffalo runners to protect against thirst.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
21681,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,259,Thompson,10,tta90,113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Charcoal used for wounds. The charcoal was applied four times, the fourth time being mixed with bear grease.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 113"
21682,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,259,Thompson,10,tta90,113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Powdered, charred rhizome mixed with bear grease, used as an ointment for animal bites & infections.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 113"
21683,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,259,Thompson,10,tta90,113,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Leaves placed under pillows during sleep or the head washed with charcoal to induce 'power dreams.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 113"
22404,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,183,Paiute,98,m53,113,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Decoction of peeled, sliced and dried root used for 'sore eyes.'","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 113"
26690,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26691,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used as a dressing for wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26692,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root used for stomach trouble and headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26693,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26694,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26695,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used as a dressing for wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26696,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root used for stomach trouble and headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26697,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26698,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26699,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used as a dressing for wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26700,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,113,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root used for stomach trouble and headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26701,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,113,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
28867,3052,Polygonum amphibium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,113,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of dried, pounded roots taken or raw root eaten for chest colds.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 113"
33386,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,113,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Berries eaten in quantity as a laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 113"
20033,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,114,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of raw roots applied to sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
20034,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,114,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Raw roots eaten for poison ivy rashes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
20035,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,114,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Dried or fresh roots eaten for diabetes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
20036,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,114,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,'Hearts' used in some type of witchcraft.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
24111,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,114,2,Drug,18,Other,Large rhizomes placed in hot water and liquid taken to prevent sickness during epidemics.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
25881,2806,Penstemon eatonii Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,114,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for pain and healing of burns.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 114"
25882,2806,Penstemon eatonii Gray,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,114,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for pain and healing of burns.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 114"
25920,2811,Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,114,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves taken for chills and fever.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 114"
25944,2821,Penstemon sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,114115,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Chewed root inserted into the tooth cavity for pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 114115"
15109,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,"Infusion of spring or early summer bark used as a disinfectant for cuts, wounds and sores.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
15110,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of spring or early summer bark taken as a tonic for bowel regularity.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
15111,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of spring or early summer bark taken as a mild but effective laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
21555,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Crushed stems used as foot pads in moccasins.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
26458,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a physic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
26459,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion or decoction of root used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
26460,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root given to children for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
26461,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of root given to children for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
26462,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of root taken for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
26463,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of mashed root taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
26465,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion or decoction of root used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
26466,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of entire plant taken for stomach disorders.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
26467,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of root given to children for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
26468,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of root given to children for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
26469,2884,Phlox longifolia Nutt.,276,Washo,12,tha41,115,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion or decoction of root used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 115"
28449,3001,Plantago major L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of moist leaves placed on cuts, boils and open sores.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
28450,3001,Plantago major L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Poultice of moist leaves placed on infections and boils.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
28451,3001,Plantago major L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Leaves chewed and swallowed for stomach ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
28462,3001,Plantago major L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Hot leaves applied to foot to draw out thorns or splinters.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
37422,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Burned stalk ashes used on baby's bleeding navel.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37423,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Burned stalk ashes used on baby's bleeding navel.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
2376,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,116,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Powdered bark used as an astringent for horse galls.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116"
3604,273,Antennaria anaphaloides Rydb.,183,Paiute,98,m53,116,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant served as a perfume and placed with clothing or handkerchiefs.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 116"
5899,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,101,ttco83,116,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Mixture of pounded roots taken for kidney pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 116"
5904,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,116,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of pounded roots taken for bad fevers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 116"
5905,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,116,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of pounded roots taken for measle-like illnesses.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 116"
15574,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,116,2,Drug,,,Used to make tea and medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 116"
16643,1824,Helianthus cusickii Gray,183,Paiute,98,m53,116,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of roots taken for heart troubles.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 116"
16644,1824,Helianthus cusickii Gray,183,Paiute,98,m53,116,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of roots taken for tuberculosis.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 116"
19764,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,116,2,Drug,,,Leaves used to make tea and medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 116"
25999,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Roots chewed by buffalo runners to extend their endurance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
26609,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,116,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm and soothe lung pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 116"
26610,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,116,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 116"
26611,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,116,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm and soothe lung pain.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 116"
26731,2923,Physaria chambersii Rollins,183,Paiute,12,tha41,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion or decoction of various plant parts used as a wash for sore eyes or sties.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 116"
26732,2923,Physaria chambersii Rollins,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion or decoction of various plant parts used as a wash for sore eyes and sties.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 116"
29321,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,116,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Buds boiled with grease, strained, combined with an unknown ingredient and used as hair dressing.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116"
38581,3763,Sorbus sitchensis var. grayi (Wenzig) C.L. Hitchc.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,116,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Berries mashed and rubbed on the head for lice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116"
39134,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,61,Dakota,17,g19,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as wash for weak or inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
39139,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,177,Omaha,17,g19,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as wash for weak or inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
39140,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,205,Ponca,17,g19,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as wash for weak or inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
39143,3855,Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench,61,Dakota,17,g19,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as wash for weak or inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
39146,3855,Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench,177,Omaha,17,g19,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as wash for weak or inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
39147,3855,Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench,205,Ponca,17,g19,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as wash for weak or inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
40741,4024,Trillium sp.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,116,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 116"
11600,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,61,Dakota,17,g19,116117,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"
11620,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,177,Omaha,17,g19,116117,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"
11628,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,190,Pawnee,17,g19,116117,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"
11630,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,205,Ponca,17,g19,116117,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"
11637,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,280,Winnebago,17,g19,116117,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"
1158,49,Aconitum columbianum Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,117,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered highly poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
1159,49,Aconitum columbianum Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,117,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Used for witchcraft.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
10195,1015,Clematis columbiana (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,117,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves alone or the stems and leaves used as a hair wash to prevent gray hair.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
10196,1015,Clematis columbiana (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,117,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pounded, dampened leaves applied to the feet for sweaty feet.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
10235,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,117,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Stalk and roots used to make a women's contraceptive.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
10236,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,117,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of mashed leaves & branches rubbed into the scalp as a shampoo to kill hair root 'germs.',"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
12647,1323,Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. pulchellum,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,117,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of roots used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
27366,2950,Pinus aristata Engelm.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of heated pitch applied to sores and boils.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117"
27836,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated resin applied for general muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27837,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of resin or simple/compound pills of resin taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27838,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of resin taken for nausea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27839,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of resin taken for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27840,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Compound poultice of heated resin applied for chest congestion from colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27841,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Simple or compound decoction of several plant parts taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27842,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Compound poultice of pitch applied to sores, cuts, swellings and insect bites.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27843,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Simple or compound poultice of heated resin applied to draw boils or slivers.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27844,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of resin taken for fevers.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27845,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of resin taken for indigestion, nausea or bowel troubles.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27846,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of resin taken as a tonic after childbirth and for general debility.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27847,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of resin taken for influenza.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27848,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated resin applied to treat any general muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27849,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Compound poultice of heated resin applied for chest congestion from colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27850,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Poultice of heated resin applied for pneumonia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27851,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Resin chewed or pulverized resin applied with swab for sore throat.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27852,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of resin taken as a tonic after childbirth and for general debility.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27853,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of resin taken for tuberculosis and influenza.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27854,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Compound decoction of resin taken for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27855,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Decoction of resin taken, resin chewed or used as pills for venereal disease.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27856,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Pulverized resin dusted on syphilitic sores.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27870,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated resin applied for sciatic pains or muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27871,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated resin used for sciatic pains and general muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27872,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of resin taken for nausea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27873,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Compound decoction of several plant parts taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27874,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke of pitch compound inhaled for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27875,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Compound decoction of pitch taken for coughs.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27876,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Compound decoction of needles used as antiseptic wash for rashes.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27877,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Compound poultice of pitch applied to sores, cuts, swellings and insect bites.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27878,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of heated resin applied to draw boils or imbedded slivers.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27879,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Compound decoction of needles used as antiseptic wash for measles and other rashes.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27880,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of resin taken for fevers.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27881,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of resin taken for indigestion, nausea or bowel troubles.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27882,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of resin taken for the kidneys.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27883,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Compound decoction of needles used as antiseptic wash for measles.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27884,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Compound decoction of pitch taken for smallpox.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27885,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of heated resin applied for sciatic pains or muscular soreness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27886,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,138,Poultice,Poultice of heated resin applied for ruptures.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27887,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Poultice of heated resin applied for pneumonia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27888,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of resin taken for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27889,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Smoke from root compound inhaled by horses for distemper.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27892,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,276,Washo,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Compound decoction of resin taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
27893,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,276,Washo,12,tha41,117118,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of needles or wood taken or fresh resin used as pills for gonorrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118"
40,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Sap chewed for colds.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
713,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of boiled root chips applied to wounds and abscesses.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
734,38,Achillea millefolium L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers used for headaches.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
1040,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, mashed and boiled leaves applied to sprained ankle pains.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1041,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of fresh, mashed leaves dampened with water applied with a cloth to tired, aching feet.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1046,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken as a cough medicine.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1051,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of yarrow taken as an emetic for tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1057,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of yarrow taken as an emetic for respiratory diseases.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1059,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,"Poultice of fresh, mashed roots packed around an infected tooth for the pain.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1060,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of yarrow taken as an emetic for tuberculosis.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1386,55,Acorus calamus L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Root nibbled 'to dry your blood.',"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
1387,55,Acorus calamus L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Root dried, cooked in sugar and eaten for the breath.","Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
7021,559,Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken every half hour for coughs.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
7022,559,Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken every half hour for coughs.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
8997,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,183,Paiute,98,m53,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of young leaves taken or put on the hair for headaches.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
14520,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Bitter infusion taken for colds.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
14523,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Bitter infusion taken for fever.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
14538,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Bitter infusion taken for colds.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
14539,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,"Infusion taken cold, then a hot cup before bed to cause perspiring.","Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
14540,1580,Eupatorium perfoliatum L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Bitter infusion taken for fever.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
30056,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,2,Drug,,,Roots and bark had medicinal value.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30643,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Compound infusion of leaves and boneset taken with molasses for colds.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
30645,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of buds, leaves or bark taken with sugar for colds.","Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
30646,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Fruit put in a bottle & allowed to stand, then taken for stomach trouble.","Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
30648,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,155,Narraganset,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of buds, leaves or bark taken with sugar for colds.","Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
30664,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,211,Rappahannock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of buds, leaves or bark taken with sugar for colds.","Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
30669,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Compound infusion of leaves and boneset taken with molasses for colds.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
30670,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of buds, leaves or bark taken with sugar for colds.","Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
30671,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Fruit put in a bottle & allowed to stand, then taken for stomach trouble.","Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
35831,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark or leaves used for sore throats.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35832,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves used for laryngitis.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35980,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leaves used for colds.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
35981,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,118,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leaves used for sore throats.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118"
37508,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,118,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Flowers used by women as a love medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 118"
42821,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken with sugar for colds.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
42843,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken with sugar for colds.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
3236,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,119,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of boiled leaves applied to burns.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119"
4008,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,119,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Poultice of chewed roots applied to 'sick' ears.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119"
5080,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,119,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction or infusion of leaves taken for stomachache and cramps associated with diarrhea.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 119"
5081,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,119,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction or infusion of leaves used for washing itching sores.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 119"
5082,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,119,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of warmed leaves used on baby's severed umbilical cord.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 119"
5083,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,119,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction or infusion of leaves taken for stomachache and cramps associated with diarrhea.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 119"
5084,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,119,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction or infusion of leaves taken to stop excessive menstruation or to ease cramps.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 119"
5696,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,119,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,"Sagebrush used by dancers to pat themselves to be made spiritually clean, curing ceremonies.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 119"
5703,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,119,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves applied to the scalp as a hair tonic.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 119"
5704,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,119,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to burns and sores.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 119"
5709,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,119,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for respiratory diseases.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 119"
5723,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,119,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic for respiratory diseases.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 119"
7045,568,Berberis vulgaris L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of leaves taken three times a day for jaundice.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
7743,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,119,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Mashed bulbs placed in cheesecloth and used for the eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 119"
8670,816,Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,119,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Poultice of dried, powdered bark applied to burns.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 119"
10546,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves rubbed on the skin for itch.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
23691,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Dried leaves smoked in a pipe for rheumatism.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
25713,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,2,Drug,,,Root pieces dried and attached to clothing and robes as ornamentation and medicine.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
28466,3001,Plantago major L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pounded leaves applied to draw out inflammation from sore spots.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
28467,3001,Plantago major L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
32678,3307,Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,119,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mashed and dampened whole plants applied to pains of any kind.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 119"
32679,3307,Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,119,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed and dampened whole plants applied to sore joints.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 119"
32680,3307,Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,119,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Dried or mashed, fresh whole plant placed on a piece of meat as poisoned bait for coyotes.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 119"
34438,3452,Rubus hispidus L.,211,Rappahannock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for diarrhea.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
34441,3452,Rubus hispidus L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for diarrhea and fruit used to check dysentery.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
39324,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for 'inside pains.',"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
40623,4011,Trifolium pratense L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,119,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Teaspoonful of powder mixed in boiling water and taken for cancer.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119"
28459,3001,Plantago major L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of root taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
28460,3001,Plantago major L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves bound onto cuts and wounds to promote healing without scars.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
28461,3001,Plantago major L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of root taken for pneumonia.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
28468,3001,Plantago major L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Compound poultice of leaves applied to wounds, swellings and rheumatism.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
28469,3001,Plantago major L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Compound poultice of leaves applied for wounds, bruises, swellings and boils.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
28471,3001,Plantago major L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to dropsical swellings and infections.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
28473,3001,Plantago major L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to dropsical swellings and infections.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
28474,3001,Plantago major L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root taken for stomach trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
28475,3001,Plantago major L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,119120,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to dropsical swellings and infections.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 119120"
2476,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for babies with skin disease.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
2477,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for babies with skin disease.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
3808,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,12,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Tops chewed and used for horses with eyes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 12"
4482,345,Arctostaphylos sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,12,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of plant used for bladder ailments.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12"
4525,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Leaves placed on a piece of wood, roasted to a powder and placed on a cut for rapid healing.","Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
4526,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves pounded into a paste and applied to boils and pimples.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
4725,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried root smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
4726,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of broken roots applied to the head for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
4727,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used as a salve for pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
4728,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of broken roots applied to area affected by rheumatism.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
4729,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used as a salve for pimples.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
4730,356,Arenaria macradenia S. Wats.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Dried root smoke inhaled to clear the sinuses.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
4740,360,Argemone munita Dur. & Hilg.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Roasted, ripe and mashed seeds applied as a salve to burns.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
5062,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Infusion of plant used when the menstrual flow had stopped.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
5063,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used as a hair wash to prevent the hair from falling out.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
5064,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of plant used as a bath for mother and father after childbirth.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
5065,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,12,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of plant used to 'prevent a girl from aging prematurely.',"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12"
6091,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,12,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant and plant salve used for colds.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12"
6092,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Milky juice used to reduce corns.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12"
6093,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,12,2,Drug,18,Other,"Powdered, dried roots inhaled to cause sneezing.","Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12"
6094,429,Asclepias eriocarpa Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,12,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Burning dried plant smoke inhaled for asthma.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12"
7713,673,Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,2,Drug,,,"Dried, chopped bulbs used as an ingredient for a medicinal mixture.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
7714,673,Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Root put into a horse's mouth before running the animal in a race.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
8543,800,Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv.,60,Crow,73,b05,12,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Burned as incense during certain ceremonies.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
8546,800,Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Burned as incense during certain ceremonies.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
9734,922,Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bulb used as a soap for washing the hair and to prevent lice.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
10391,1030,Clintonia andrewsiana Torr.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
13078,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Berries cooked and eaten for diarrhea.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13079,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction or infusion of stems taken for diarrhea.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13080,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Decoction of leaves, stems, Hudson bay tea and young spruce tree tip used for colds.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13081,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Cooled decoction of roots used as an eyewash to remove a growth.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13082,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for kidney troubles.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
15222,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,12,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Cold infusion of twigs used for fevers.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12"
15223,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,12,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Leaves placed in sandals as a snake repellent.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12"
15841,1728,Geranium oreganum T.J. Howell,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Root used for diarrhea.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
15842,1728,Geranium oreganum T.J. Howell,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used as an astringent.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16018,1755,Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br.,60,Crow,73,b05,12,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Burned as incense during certain ceremonies.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16021,1755,Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Burned as incense during certain ceremonies.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16235,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction used as an antisyphilitic.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16255,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,238,Sioux,73,b05,12,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
18549,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Decoction of plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18550,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction taken and used as lotion for fever or 'big cough.',"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18551,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18552,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of plant used internally and externally for fever.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18994,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for headache and stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18995,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Cold infusion used as a ceremonial medicine to protect from enemies and witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18996,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for colds.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18997,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for fever.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18998,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18999,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for kidney trouble.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
19000,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion in ceremony for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
19294,2075,Keckiella cordifolia (Benth.) Straw,131,Mahuna,5,r54,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion used as a wash or poultice of plant applied for fistulas and ulcers.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 12"
24416,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,33,Cheyenne,73,b05,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root mixed with tobacco and smoked for headache.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
24422,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,60,Crow,73,b05,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root mixed with tobacco and smoked for headache.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
24502,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Used by medicine men in their incantations.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
26369,2874,Phegopteris sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,12,2,Drug,159,Dietary Aid,Young shoots or buds and bark mixed with cooked leaves and eaten to restore the lost of appetite.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 12"
26370,2874,Phegopteris sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,12,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Inner bark scraped or buds mixed with cooked taro leaves and water and eaten during childbirth.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 12"
26859,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
26860,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
29397,3099,Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides,39,Choctaw,115,t40,12,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Decoction of stems, bark and leaves used as a steambath for snakebites.","Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
33897,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of stems and branches taken for weak blood.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
33898,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of stems and branches taken for colds.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
33899,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of bark strained and taken to induce vomiting.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
33900,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of stems and branches taken for fevers.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
33901,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of stems and branches taken for stomach troubles.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
35634,3517,Salix alba L.,32,Cherokee,115,t40,12,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken for hoarseness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36115,3551,Salix sp.,3,Alabama,115,t40,12,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Cold infusion of roots taken or used as a bath for fevers.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36138,3551,Salix sp.,35,Chickasaw,115,t40,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used for headache or poultice of branches applied for severe headache.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36139,3551,Salix sp.,35,Chickasaw,115,t40,12,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots taken for dysentery.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36140,3551,Salix sp.,35,Chickasaw,115,t40,12,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Roots used for nosebleed.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36152,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Plant used for rheumatism.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36154,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36156,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Roots used for fevers.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36158,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Roots used for biliousness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36160,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots taken or used as a bath for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36162,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Roots used for malaria.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
37811,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Berries, froth or jelly eaten to reduce injury from mosquito bites. The berries were ripe in June and were eaten at this time to reduce injury from mosquito bites:  they seem apparently to feel that the occurrence of berries and mosquitoes simultaneously was a divine indication that one was an antidote for the other.","Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37812,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of branches used as a hair tonic for dyeing and curling the hair. The branches were taken in July, broken up and boiled for two to three hours in water, until the liquid looked like brown coffee.  The liquid was decanted off and bottled without further treatment, but did not deteriorate over a long period of time.  To use, the decoction was rubbed into the hair, which was simultaneously curled and dyed a brownish color.","Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37813,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of roots used in childbirth.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37815,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Roots used for tuberculosis.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37835,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,34,h49,12,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Roots used for tuberculosis.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37836,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,34,h49,12,2,Drug,,,Wood used for drug purposes.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37882,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,34,h49,12,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Roots used for tuberculosis.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37883,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,34,h49,12,2,Drug,,,Wood used for drug purposes.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37918,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,34,h49,12,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Roots used for tuberculosis.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37932,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,271,Umatilla,34,h49,12,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of roots used in childbirth.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37965,3671,Sideroxylon sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,12,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,"Bark, leaves and wood mixed with other herbs to produce strong remedies.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 12"
37966,3671,Sideroxylon sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,12,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Bark, leaves, other ingredients and water used as a wash and taken for strong fevers.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 12"
37967,3671,Sideroxylon sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,12,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Bark, leaves, other ingredients and water used as a wash and taken for general debility.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 12"
38437,3739,Solidago nemoralis Ait.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,12,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Decoction of leaves used as a wash or poultice of leaves applied to burns.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 12"
38438,3739,Solidago nemoralis Ait.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash or poultice of leaves applied to skin ulcers.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 12"
38439,3739,Solidago nemoralis Ait.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a bath for the seven-year itch.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 12"
38440,3739,Solidago nemoralis Ait.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,12,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of leaves used as a disinfecting wash for burns or skin ulcers.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 12"
43541,4189,Waltheria indica L.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,12,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Buds and leaves pounded, mixed with water and taken for asthma.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 12"
44082,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of dried root used as hair wash for dandruff and to prevent baldness.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
44083,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Smashed root applied as powder or used as a wash for sores, scabs and skin outbreaks.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
16567,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,82,Gros Ventre,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Oil from seeds used 'to lubricate or paint the face or body.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16568,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,82,Gros Ventre,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16586,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,135,Mandan,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Oil from seeds used 'to lubricate or paint the face or body.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16587,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,135,Mandan,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16626,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,212,Ree,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Oil from seeds used 'to lubricate or paint the face or body.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
16627,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,212,Ree,73,b05,"12, 13",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13"
27641,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction used for headache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27642,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of chewed buds applied to burns.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27643,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Decoction of wood or needles used as ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27644,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Compound decoction used for colds.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27645,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Fumes from burning resin inhaled for headcolds.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27646,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Compound decoction used for cough.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27647,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,"Pulverized, dried buds used as fumigant for earache.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27648,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of wood or needles used as ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27649,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Compound decoction used for fever.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27650,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Compound decoction used for influenza.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
27651,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,"12, 13",2,Drug,18,Other,Compound containing inner bark used for injuries.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13"
17733,1980,Ilex vomitoria Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,"12, 62",2,Drug,153,Hallucinogen,Used to 'evoke ecstasies.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 12, 62"
992,39,Achillea millefolium var. arenicola (Heller) Nobs,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Mashed leaf juice used as a salve on sores.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 120"
1946,115,Alcea rosea L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves used to apply infusion of flowers to inflamed areas.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
2088,140,Allium cepa L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Syrup of chopped onions taken for colds.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
2095,140,Allium cepa L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Syrup of chopped onions taken for colds.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
2096,140,Allium cepa L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Used to destroy germs because of a volatile oil in roots.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
2097,140,Allium cepa L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Heart of onion placed in ear for earache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
2098,140,Allium cepa L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Onion placed in a sick room to draw fever out.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
2099,140,Allium cepa L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Onion placed in a sick room to draw out flu.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
3003,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of branches taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
3004,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Decoction of branch ashes and pine branch or bud ashes taken to prevent having children.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
3005,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of branches taken as a general tonic.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
7498,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mustard applied to body pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7499,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for headache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7502,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for toothache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7507,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of mustard applied to body pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7508,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for headache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7509,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Mustard mixed with flour and water and taken to make 'insides come up.',"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7510,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for toothache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
8692,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Decoction of plant tops with leaves used as a cleansing solution in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8693,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant tops with leaves used as a hair wash for dandruff.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8694,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant tops with leaves used to 'condition' adult skin.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8695,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant tops with leaves used to bathe babies to prevent diaper rash.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8696,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of branches used to wash sores and eczema.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8697,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of dried, powdered leaves applied or mixed with pitch and used as a salve for sores.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8698,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of dried, powdered leaves used as a 'baby powder.'","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8699,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8700,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of plant tops with leaves used to bathe babies to prevent diaper rash.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8701,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Poultice of dried, powdered leaves used as a 'baby powder.'","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
15113,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of bark taken for rheumatism and arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
15114,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of bark taken as a blood purifier.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
15115,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,120,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of bark taken as a mild laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
16442,1799,Hamamelis virginiana L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,120,2,Drug,18,Other,Dried seeds used in a test to tell whether sick person would recover.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 120"
17151,1883,Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. moscheutos,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of dried stalks applied for inflammation of the bladder.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
17451,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Used in making 'nerve medicine.',"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
17457,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Poultice of dried hops heated in a cloth bag applied for pneumonia.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
17458,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Used in making 'nerve medicine' and used as a poultice for pneumonia.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
21516,2326,Lycopodium sp.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,120,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Used to make a medicinal tea for inducing labor and making childbirth easier.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 120"
21517,2326,Lycopodium sp.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,120,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Used to make a medicinal tea for children with bladder trouble.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 120"
21518,2326,Lycopodium sp.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,120,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Used to make a medicinal tea for children with bladder trouble.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 120"
23982,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Smoke blown into the ear for an earache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
23983,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,152,Montauk,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Tobacco placed in tooth for toothache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
23990,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,211,Rappahannock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Smoke blown into the ear for an earache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
23991,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,211,Rappahannock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Tobacco placed in tooth for toothache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
23992,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Smoke blown into the ear for an earache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
23993,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,120,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Tobacco placed in tooth for toothache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
28645,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,183,Paiute,12,tha41,120,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Decoction of root taken for diarrhea, especially bloody diarrhea.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 120"
28646,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,183,Paiute,12,tha41,120,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Raw root chewed or decoction of root taken for indigestion.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 120"
30379,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,120,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of bark taken as a general tonic for healing any sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
29657,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,120121,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of bark taken over a long period of time for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 120121"
111,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,121,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Needles used to make pillows, believing that the aroma kept one from having a cold.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121"
1641,77,Aesculus hippocastanum L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Horse chestnut carried in the pocket for rheumatism.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
1642,77,Aesculus hippocastanum L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Horse chestnut carried in the pocket for rheumatism.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
10382,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of crawling stems and leaves used to purify the blood.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
10383,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of crawling stems and leaves used for chest colds.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
10384,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of crawling stems and leaves used for an upset stomach and thinness.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
10385,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Decoction of crawling stems and leaves used to make you sleepy.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
15612,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
15622,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion taken for kidney trouble.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
16493,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
19907,2131,Leonurus cardiaca L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion taken for 'female ills.',"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
19909,2131,Leonurus cardiaca L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion taken for 'female ills.',"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
19993,2154,Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Dandelion and white daisy used to make wines and taken as tonics.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
19996,2154,Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Dandelion and white daisy used to make wines and taken as tonics.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
22245,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,101,ttco83,121,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Leaves chewed for lung trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22247,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,101,ttco83,121,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of bark used as a tonic.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22254,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,121,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of bark taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22255,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,121,2,Drug,354,Dietary Aid,Infusion of bark taken for losing weight.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22256,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,121,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of bark taken for 'any kind of sickness.',"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
28113,2974,Pinus rigida P. Mill.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice applied to boils and abscesses.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
28245,2977,Pinus strobus L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of bark used for stubborn cough and pitch chewed for cough.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
28263,2977,Pinus strobus L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of bark used for stubborn cough and pitch chewed for cough.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
28559,3008,Platanthera ?media (Rydb.) Luer (pro sp.)  [dilatata ? hyperborea],206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,121,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Women rubbed this plant on their cheek as a love charm to enable them to secure a good husband.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121"
31907,3253,Quercus alba L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
31912,3253,Quercus alba L.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
31921,3253,Quercus alba L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
31922,3253,Quercus alba L.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
39379,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Dandelion and white daisy used to make wines and taken as tonics.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
39393,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Dandelion and white daisy used to make wines and taken as tonics.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
43463,4182,Vitis sp.,149,Mohegan,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied to head for headache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
43464,4182,Vitis sp.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,121,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied to head for headache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121"
29226,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,121122,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of sap taken for stomach disorders.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 121122"
29228,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,121122,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a lotion for headaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 121122"
29229,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,121122,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Compound decoction of bark taken as a blood tonic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 121122"
29230,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,121122,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Compound decoction of bark taken as a blood tonic and for general debility.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 121122"
29231,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,121122,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Simple or compound decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 121122"
29232,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,121122,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Simple or compound decoction of bark taken for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 121122"
8936,841,Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,122,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 122"
13296,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,122,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of stems taken for dysuria.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 122"
17783,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,231,Shinnecock,62,cw45,122,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Salve made of balsam buds and Vaseline.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 122"
29696,3107,Porophyllum gracile Benth.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,122,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of root taken as 'a regulator for delayed menstruation.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 122"
39581,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,122,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as one of the ingredients of 'the thirty-two medicine.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 122"
219,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of needles mixed with grease and applied as a hair tonic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
221,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Needles packed into moccasins as a foot deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
226,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
4991,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots cleansed and used for scalp infections.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
4992,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of roots used, especially for children, as a hair tonic.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
4996,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion of roots used, especially for children, as a hair tonic.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
8284,763,Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Nut meat oil formerly used for the hair, either alone or mixed with bear grease.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8339,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Nut meat oil formerly used for the hair, either alone or mixed with bear grease.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8423,774,Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Nut meat oil formerly used for the hair, either alone or mixed with bear grease.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
11196,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Nut meat oil formerly used for the hair, either alone or mixed with bear grease.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
14671,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Nut meat oil formerly used for the hair, either alone or mixed with bear grease.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
18191,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Nut meat oil formerly used for the hair, either alone or mixed with bear grease.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
18281,2034,Juglans nigra L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Nut meat oil formerly used for the hair, either alone or mixed with bear grease.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
19489,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of bark taken for anemic conditions.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
28180,2977,Pinus strobus L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pitch applied to felons and similar inflammations.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
29022,3080,Polypodium virginianum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,123,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Used to make a medicinal tea for heart disease.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 123"
30074,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of gummy exudate on bark used as an eyewash.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123"
30303,3161,Prunus andersonii Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Decoction of stems, leaves or roots taken for diarrhea.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123"
30304,3161,Prunus andersonii Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Weak decoction of bark taken for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123"
30305,3161,Prunus andersonii Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Hot infusion of leaves or decoction of branches taken for colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123"
30307,3161,Prunus andersonii Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of dried bark strips taken as a winter tonic to ward off influenza.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123"
30308,3161,Prunus andersonii Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of dried bark strips taken as a winter tonic to ward off influenza.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123"
30309,3161,Prunus andersonii Gray,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken or twigs chewed for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123"
34051,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,123,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123"
39573,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,123,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of needles used for rheumatism.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 123"
39574,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,123,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Used in a sudatory taken by women experiencing complications after childbirth and other complaints.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 123"
39575,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,123,2,Drug,138,Poultice,Needles used for poultices.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 123"
39576,3903,Taxus canadensis Marsh.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,123,2,Drug,,,Used in a sudatory taken by women experiencing complications after childbirth and other complaints.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 123"
39703,3921,Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,123,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Dried seeds smoked while hunting to bring good luck.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 123"
39704,3921,Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,123,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Seeds mixed with tobacco and smoked when going to call upon a favorite lady friend.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 123"
39851,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Twigs burned for incense in religious ceremonies.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
39853,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used as a deodorant.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
39854,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Twigs burned as a disinfectant to fumigate a house for smallpox.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
39855,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Twigs burned as a disinfectant to fumigate a house for smallpox.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
39856,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,2,Drug,,,Leaves combined with ground hemlock for medicinal purposes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
40857,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,123,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of twigs taken for dysentery.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
30928,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Dried, pulverized bark smoked for headache or headcold.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
30929,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of peeled bark or root taken for colds and bark smoked for headcolds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
30930,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of peeled bark or root taken for coughs and colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
30931,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Pulverized, dried bark used as a drying powder on sores.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
30932,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Steam from boiling bark allowed to rise into the eyes for snowblindness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
30933,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Steam from boiling bark allowed to rise into the eyes for snowblindness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
30934,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Decoction of leaves, bark or roots taken for tuberculosis.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
30951,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of bark taken for indigestion or upset stomach.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
30952,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Steam from boiling bark allowed to rise into the eyes for snowblindness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
30953,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken for indigestion or upset stomach.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
30954,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,123124,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Steam from boiling bark allowed to rise into the eyes for snowblindness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124"
34,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of gum applied to open sores, insect bites, boils and infections.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
35,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Needles used in a sudatory for women after childbirth and for other purposes.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
36,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Roots used for heart disease.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
37,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Needles used to make a laxative tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
38,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,138,Poultice,Needles used for making poultices.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
39,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,,,Needles used in a sudatory for women after childbirth and for other purposes.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
1217,55,Acorus calamus L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of plants taken for colds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"
1218,55,Acorus calamus L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,124,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of plants taken for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124"