id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
672,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Juice used to make sugar.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
2117,141,Allium cernuum Roth,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
2286,163,Allium tricoccum Ait.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
3093,208,Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
3120,211,Amelanchier laevis Wieg.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
3207,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
3686,289,Apios americana Medik.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
3721,293,Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots added to the slop to make hogs fat.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
4534,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
4938,381,Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H.E. Robins.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,1,Food,86,Spice,Powdered leaves used as seasoning.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
6385,450,Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
6391,451,Asparagus officinalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
7072,573,Beta vulgaris L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
7512,619,Brassica oleracea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
7959,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
8274,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8320,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8389,768,Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,38,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8418,774,Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,29,1,Food,112,Substitution Food,Used as a coffee substitute.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29"
8419,774,Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,29,1,Food,,,"Nuts boiled, pounded with corn, kneaded, wrapped in a green cornblade, boiled and eaten.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 29"
10061,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
10440,1042,Coix lacryma-jobi L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,41,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Seeds used to make bread.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
11183,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,1,Food,,,Nuts used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
11703,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
11704,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flesh used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
14975,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
15587,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
15728,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
15998,1752,Gleditsia triacanthos L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seed pulp used to make a drink.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
17849,1987,Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
17883,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
17884,1991,Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
18178,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,1,Food,,,Nuts used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
18254,2034,Juglans nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,1,Food,,,Nuts used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
19380,2084,Lactuca canadensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,42,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42"
19407,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
19941,2141,Lepidium virginicum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
20199,2176,Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
20257,2183,Lilium canadense L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,43,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Roots made into flour and used to make bread for famine times.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43"
20353,2198,Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
20354,2198,Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,86,Spice,Used to flavor opossum or ground hog.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
20456,2210,Liquidambar styraciflua L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Bark, hearts-a-bustin-with-love (Euonymus americana), and summer grapes used to make tea.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
20457,2210,Liquidambar styraciflua L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,58,1,Food,85,Candy,Hardened gum used for chewing gum.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58"
20487,2211,Liriodendron tulipifera L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used to make honey.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
22190,2389,Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
22609,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
22816,2445,Mentha spicata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,1,Food,86,Spice,Used to flavor foods.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
22817,2445,Mentha spicata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
22851,2442,Mentha ?piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica ? spicata],32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,1,Food,86,Spice,Used to flavor foods.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
22852,2442,Mentha ?piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica ? spicata],32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
23099,2494,Mitchella repens L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
23186,2503,Monarda didyma L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
23208,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,39,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
23467,2529,Morus alba L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
23489,2532,Morus rubra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
24272,2614,Oenothera biennis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
25140,2706,Oxalis corniculata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
25197,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
25217,2713,Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used to make honey.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
25223,2714,Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,,,Roots baked and eaten.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
25578,2763,Passiflora incarnata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a social drink.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
25580,2763,Passiflora incarnata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
26264,2856,Phacelia dubia (L.) Trel.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,49,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
26309,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Beans used to make bean bread.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
26310,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,56,Soup,Beans used to make hickory nut soup.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
26311,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
26334,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Beans used to make bean bread.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
26335,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,56,Soup,Beans used to make hickory nut soup.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
26336,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Beans used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
26667,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
26807,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,Crushed berries used to add color to canned fruit.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28315,2981,Piper nigrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,1,Food,86,Spice,Used to season food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
28327,2987,Pisum sativum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peas used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
28411,3001,Plantago major L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
28683,3033,Podophyllum peltatum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
28816,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Roots dried, beaten into flour and used to make bread.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
28818,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,86,Spice,Roots ground and used as salt.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
28820,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
29072,3084,Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,1,Food,,,Fiddle heads used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
29880,3140,Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as cooked salad.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
29882,3141,Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Fern.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,35,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as cooked salad.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
30181,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
30226,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
30227,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
30228,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,50,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
30329,3164,Prunus cerasus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30485,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30521,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
30582,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
30742,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
31737,3234,Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walt.) B.S.P.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
31745,3235,Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,45,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
31821,3247,Pyrus communis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,48,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
32631,3299,Ranunculus abortivus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
32652,3300,Ranunculus acris L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
32709,3315,Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,31,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"
32814,3331,Rheum rhaponticum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
32853,3338,Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,24,1,Food,,,Fungus 'apple' formed on the stem eaten to appease thirst.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"
32887,3345,Rhus copallinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
32914,3347,Rhus glabra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
33266,3355,Rhus typhina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
33835,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten cooked or raw as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
34294,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34295,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34356,3442,Rubus argutus Link,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34357,3442,Rubus argutus Link,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34420,3448,Rubus flagellaris Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34421,3448,Rubus flagellaris Willd.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
34465,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
34685,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
34752,3462,Rubus odoratus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,52,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"
35056,3471,Rubus trivialis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make juice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
35057,3471,Rubus trivialis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
35153,3478,Rudbeckia laciniata L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as cooked spring salad to keep well.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
35167,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,56,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
36494,3564,Sambucus nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
36495,3564,Sambucus nigra L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jellies.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
36656,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
36658,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,33,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jellies.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33"
37226,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,54,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots and barks used to make a beverage tea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
37339,3595,Saxifraga pensylvanica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"
38093,3693,Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as salad greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
38183,3709,Smilax glauca Walt.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38192,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38222,3712,Smilax pseudochina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38231,3713,Smilax rotundifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
38309,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves used as a potherb.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
38350,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51"
38959,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
38983,3840,Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,59,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
41945,4068,Uvularia sessilifolia L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as cooked greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
42571,4098,Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten as greens.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
43349,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43435,4176,Vitis labrusca L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
43476,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
44366,4244,Zea mays L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,30,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Corn used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
380,15,Acacia greggii Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,225,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds stored, roasted, ground and made into bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225"
1119,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
1120,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,73,1,Food,56,Soup,Seeds and Indian millet seeds ground and used to make soup or mush.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 73"
1121,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
1868,97,Agave utahensis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
2044,135,Allium bisceptrum var. palmeri (S. Wats.) Cronq.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,211,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Bulbs eaten only when very hungry.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 211"
2085,140,Allium cepa L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
2688,180,Aloysia wrightii Heller ex Abrams,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,238,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled into tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 238"
2689,180,Aloysia wrightii Heller ex Abrams,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs boiled to make tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
2757,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
2758,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds parched, ground and used to make mush.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
2759,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,74,1,Food,56,Soup,"Leaves and squash flowers boiled, ground and fresh or dried corn and water added to make soup.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 74"
2760,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,56,Soup,"Seeds parched, ground and used to make soup.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
2761,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,218,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 218"
2762,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,218,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves of young plants cooked like spinach.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 218"
2763,190,Amaranthus hybridus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, fresh, tender leaves boiled, drained, balled into individual portions and served.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
3157,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,222,1,Food,5,Forage,Fruit eaten by deer.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222"
5527,404,Artemisia sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
6554,496,Astragalus sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,226,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 226"
7753,677,Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten with bread and mescal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
9490,899,Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Seeds used to make bread.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
9549,910,Chenopodium sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds ground, kneaded into a thick paste, rolled into little balls, boiled and eaten as marbles.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
9550,910,Chenopodium sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
9551,910,Chenopodium sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
9552,910,Chenopodium sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,217,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 217"
10011,971,Cirsium sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,247,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Leaves held in flames to burn the spines off and eaten by hunting parties when food was scarce.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 247"
10067,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
10068,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,243,1,Food,44,Porridge,Seeds parched and ground to make sumkwin and other dishes.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 243"
10297,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,221,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 221"
10442,1043,Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,223,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as a good feed for stock in the absence of grass.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
11660,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,244,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds dried, parched, shelled and eaten.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 244"
11661,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,244,1,Food,44,Porridge,Seeds ground to form a paste or mixed with corn into a mush.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 244"
11662,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,74,1,Food,56,Soup,"Flowers and amaranth leaves boiled, ground and fresh or dried corn and water added to make soup.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 74"
11663,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,56,Soup,"Seeds parched, ground and used to make soup or mush.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
11664,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fruit baked and the flesh eaten.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
12407,1275,Descurainia sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds ground and added to water to make a refreshing, summer drink.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
12408,1275,Descurainia sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
12409,1275,Descurainia sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,220,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds parched and ground into a flour.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 220"
12869,1354,Echinocactus sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,232,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Seeds dried for future use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 232"
12870,1354,Echinocactus sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,232,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Fresh or dried seeds parched, ground and made into mush.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 232"
13123,1402,Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,207,1,Food,27,Beverage,Upper portions of plant boiled into tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207"
13135,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,207,1,Food,27,Beverage,Upper portions of plant boiled into tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207"
13161,1405,Ephedra torreyana S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,207,1,Food,27,Beverage,Upper portions of plant boiled into tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207"
13182,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs boiled into a tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
13183,1407,Ephedra viridis Coville,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,207,1,Food,27,Beverage,Upper portions of plant boiled into tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207"
14043,1512,Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,216,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled for five to ten minutes and eaten.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 216"
14044,1512,Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, fresh, tender leaves boiled, drained, balled into individual portions and served.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
14079,1518,Eriogonum microthecum Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,217,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 217"
14763,1617,Ficus carica L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
14764,1617,Ficus carica L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,216,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit sun dried and stored in sacks for winter use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 216"
14765,1617,Ficus carica L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,216,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 216"
14766,1617,Ficus carica L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,216,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Fallen fruit ground, mixed with water into a thick paste, dried in sheets & eaten during the winter.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 216"
15428,1676,Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
15968,1744,Gilia sinuata Dougl. ex Benth.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
16571,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,248,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Seeds sun dried and stored for winter use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 248"
16572,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
16573,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
16661,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,248,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Seeds sun dried and stored for winter use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 248"
16662,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
16663,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
16679,1833,Helianthus sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,65,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds ground, made into small cakes and baked for a short time.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 65"
18855,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,206,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried berries used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"
18856,2060,Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,206,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sun dried and stored for winter use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"
19300,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Seeds used to make bread.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
19301,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,209,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant grazed by livestock.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209"
19302,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,209,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209"
19303,2077,Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,209,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Seeds stored in blankets or bags of skin in caves.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209"
19333,2080,Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.D.J. Meeuse & Smit,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,218,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used for horse feed.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 218"
19922,2136,Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Seeds used to make bread.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
19923,2136,Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
19924,2136,Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
19925,2136,Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,220,1,Food,,,Seeds used in a variety of ways.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 220"
19927,2137,Lepidium montanum Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,220,1,Food,,,Seeds used in a variety of ways.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 220"
21265,2273,Lotus mearnsii (Britt.) Greene,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,226,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 226"
21425,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,239,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried berries ground and mixed with water to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 239"
21426,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,239,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sun dried for future use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 239"
22868,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
22869,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,73,1,Food,56,Soup,Seeds and Indian millet seeds ground and used to make soup or mush.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 73"
22870,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,232,1,Food,,,Seeds formerly used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 232"
24718,2665,Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
24719,2665,Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,233,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Dried fruit pounded into cakes for storage or pieces of cake eaten without further preparation.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 233"
24720,2665,Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,233,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruits sun dried for future use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 233"
24721,2665,Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,233,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 233"
25608,2766,Pectis angustifolia Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,74,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Plant used as a condiment.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 74"
25622,2767,Pectis papposa Harvey & Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds parched, ground and used to make mush.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
25623,2767,Pectis papposa Harvey & Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,249,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fresh plant dipped in salted water and eaten with mush or cornmeal as a condiment.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249"
25624,2767,Pectis papposa Harvey & Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,56,Soup,"Seeds parched, ground and used to make soup.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
26284,2867,Phaseolus acutifolius Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,56,Soup,"Beans parched, ground and added to hot water to make a soup.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26285,2867,Phaseolus acutifolius Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Beans cooked with fresh corn, cooked in hot ashes under a fire or boiled.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26286,2867,Phaseolus acutifolius Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Beans stored in granaries or in frame houses for later use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26312,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,56,Soup,"Beans parched, ground and added to hot water to make a soup.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26313,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Beans cooked with fresh corn, cooked in hot ashes under a fire or boiled.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26314,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Beans stored in granaries or in frame houses for later use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26329,2872,Phaseolus sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds parched, ground and used to make mush.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
26330,2872,Phaseolus sp.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,56,Soup,"Seeds parched, ground and used to make soup.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
26338,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,56,Soup,"Beans parched, ground and added to hot water to make a soup.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26339,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Beans cooked with fresh corn, cooked in hot ashes under a fire or boiled.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26340,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,227,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Beans stored in granaries or in frame houses for later use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227"
26506,2895,Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,216,1,Food,,,Plant pounded and boiled for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 216"
27551,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
27552,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,73,1,Food,56,Soup,Nuts ground with the shells and used to make soup.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 73"
27553,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,1,Food,86,Spice,"Sprigs placed in the cooking pit with porcupine, bobcat or badger to improve the taste of the meat.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27554,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,1,Food,,,Nuts formerly used as an important food source.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27811,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,1,Food,86,Spice,"Sprigs placed in the cooking pit with porcupine, bobcat or badger to improve the taste of the meat.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27812,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,205,1,Food,,,Nuts formerly used as an important food source.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205"
27952,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,206,1,Food,,,Nuts roasted and eaten.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"
28486,3004,Plantago patagonica Jacq.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,242,1,Food,44,Porridge,Seeds ground and made into mush.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 242"
28662,3029,Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds ground, kneaded into a thick paste, rolled into little balls, boiled and eaten as marbles.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
28663,3029,Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
28664,3029,Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
28665,3029,Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,210,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 210"
29473,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,213,1,Food,85,Candy,'Berries' eaten or chewed like gum.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213"
29903,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,241,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit sun dried for future use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 241"
29904,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,241,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 241"
29975,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
29976,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,228,1,Food,85,Candy,Pods eaten raw like a stick of candy.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 228"
30525,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,224,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Dried fruits pounded, stewed and the water drunk.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 224"
30526,3173,Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,224,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit split open, pitted and sun dried for later consumption.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 224"
32065,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Acorns parched, ground and used to make mush.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
32066,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,56,Soup,"Acorns parched, ground and used to make soup.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
32067,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,215,1,Food,86,Spice,Acorns ground and added to flavor beef or deer soups.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215"
32068,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,74,1,Food,86,Spice,Acorns ground and added to flavor beef or deer soups.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 74"
32069,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,215,1,Food,,,Acorns parched on a tray or eaten raw.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215"
33114,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,229,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries crushed, soaked in water, ground, more water added and used as a drink.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229"
33115,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,229,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sun dried and kept in sacks for future use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229"
33842,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,220,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 220"
35260,3485,Rumex crispus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,217,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled and eaten.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 217"
35261,3485,Rumex crispus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, fresh, tender leaves boiled, drained, balled into individual portions and served.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
36348,3554,Salsola tragus L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,218,1,Food,5,Forage,Young plants eaten by horses.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 218"
38832,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,220,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled two or three times to remove poisons and eaten.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 220"
38833,3818,Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, fresh, tender leaves boiled, drained, balled into individual portions and served.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
39829,3946,Thlaspi arvense L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,221,1,Food,,,Seeds used in a variety of ways.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 221"
39831,3947,Thlaspi montanum L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,221,1,Food,,,Seeds used in a variety of ways.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 221"
41128,4048,Typha domingensis Pers.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,208,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Ripe, fruiting heads eaten 'like corn.'","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 208"
43369,4171,Vitis arizonica Engelm.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,231,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 231"
43814,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
43815,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits split, sun dried and prepared for storage in the shape of a mat.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
44385,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds ground, added to boiling water, kneaded, rolled in corn husks, boiled and eaten as tamales.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
44386,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds ground, kneaded into a thick paste, rolled into little balls, boiled and eaten as marbles.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
44387,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
44388,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds parched, ground fine, mixed with salt water into thin gruel & cooked in thin layer into piki.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
44389,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Seeds used to make bread.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
44391,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds parched, ground and used to make mush.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
44392,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,56,Soup,"Seeds parched, ground and used to make soup.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
44393,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
44394,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seeds eaten fresh, baked on the cob, roasted or boiled.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
44395,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Seeds pit baked and stored for winter use.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
2139,141,Allium cernuum Roth,133,Makah,3,g83,338,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338"
2149,141,Allium cernuum Roth,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,338,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338"
3541,265,Angelica lucida L.,133,Makah,3,g83,292,1,Food,,,Peeled petioles used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 292"
4596,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,297,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297"
4784,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,133,Makah,3,g83,265,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 265"
4787,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,265,1,Food,,,Peeled roots eaten raw or steamed.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 265"
7375,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,219,1,Food,86,Spice,Fronds used for flavor in cooking by placing them under the items to be cooked.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 219"
7867,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,133,Makah,3,g83,338,1,Food,,,Bulbs pit cooked and eaten.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338"
13532,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,133,Makah,3,g83,215,1,Food,,,Strobili boiled in water for ten minutes and eaten.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 215"
13533,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,133,Makah,3,g83,215,1,Food,,,"Young, sterile or fertile shoots peeled, washed or soaked in cold water and eaten raw.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 215"
13534,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,215,1,Food,27,Beverage,Vegetative shoots used as a source of drinking water when traveling.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 215"
13535,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,215,1,Food,,,Fertile and sterile shoots used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 215"
14840,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,133,Makah,3,g83,262,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 262"
14841,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,133,Makah,3,g83,262,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jams and jellies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 262"
15642,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used as a remedy for thirst.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15644,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries mashed, formed into cakes and sun or air dried for winter use.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15645,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15646,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15647,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15648,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15649,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jellies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15650,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves steamed with halibut heads for flavoring.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15651,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves used to flavor smoked fish.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15657,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,299,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15661,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,299,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
16854,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,3,g83,293,1,Food,,,"Fresh petioles peeled, mixed with oil and used for food.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"
16855,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,3,g83,293,1,Food,,,Plant eaten after peeling.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"
16856,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,3,g83,293,1,Food,,,Stems considered a favored food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"
19705,2108,Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi,133,Makah,3,g83,281,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Immature seeds eaten as peas.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281"
19814,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,133,Makah,3,g83,301,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage tea.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 301"
21835,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,254,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make preserves.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21910,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,254,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make preserves.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
22252,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22253,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,1,Food,1,Preserves,Ripe fruit used to make jelly.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
25151,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,284,1,Food,,,Leaves eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 284"
26647,2908,Phyllospadix scouleri Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,328,1,Food,,,Rhizomes chewed or eaten raw.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 328"
26650,2909,Phyllospadix serrulatus Rupr. ex Aschers.,133,Makah,3,g83,328,1,Food,,,Rhizomes chewed or eaten raw.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 328"
26651,2910,Phyllospadix sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,205,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 205"
26658,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,133,Makah,3,g83,328,1,Food,,,Rhizomes chewed or eaten raw.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 328"
27228,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,133,Makah,3,g83,234,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch used as chewing gum.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27229,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,133,Makah,3,g83,234,1,Food,,,'Little cones' and buds used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
29000,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,133,Makah,3,g83,220,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,"Rhizomes chewed, on hunting trips, to curb the appetite.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 220"
29001,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,133,Makah,3,g83,220,1,Food,,,"Rhizomes eaten raw, especially by children, because of the licorice flavor.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 220"
29019,3079,Polypodium scouleri Hook. & Grev.,133,Makah,3,g83,221,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29115,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,221,1,Food,86,Spice,"Leaves used to steam salmonberry sprouts on hot rocks, to give the sprouts flavor.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29117,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,221,1,Food,,,Roots steamed or cooked in a pit.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29729,3112,Porphyra sp.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,210,1,Food,,,Plant used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 210"
31528,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,133,Makah,3,g83,224,1,Food,,,Steamed rhizomes used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 224"
31530,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,224,1,Food,,,Steamed rhizomes used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 224"
33385,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,257,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 257"
33484,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,133,Makah,3,g83,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 258"
33487,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 258"
33596,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,260,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 260"
33597,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,260,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 260"
34110,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,133,Makah,3,g83,270,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 270"
34111,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,133,Makah,3,g83,270,1,Food,,,Hips used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 270"
34113,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,270,1,Food,,,Hips and petals used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 270"
34409,3447,Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34577,3455,Rubus laciniatus Willd.,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34578,3455,Rubus laciniatus Willd.,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34579,3455,Rubus laciniatus Willd.,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34615,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34616,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34617,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34818,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34819,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,83,Preservative,Fruit used to make jam and jelly.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34820,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,,,Raw sprouts used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34993,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275"
34994,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,275,1,Food,47,Special Food,Sprouts available in large amounts often the occasion for sprout parties. Makah women would collect canoe loads of sprouts and pit steam them on the beach.  People would sing and dance while waiting for the steaming sprouts to finish cooking.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275"
34996,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,275,1,Food,,,"Sprouts peeled and eaten raw, boiled or steamed on hot rocks.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275"
34997,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,275,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for winter use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275"
34998,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,275,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Sprouts eaten with fermented salmon eggs collected during the previous autumn.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275"
35069,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,133,Makah,3,g83,278,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 278"
35070,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,133,Makah,3,g83,278,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruits used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 278"
35071,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,133,Makah,3,g83,278,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits used to make jam.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 278"
36803,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit steamed, sun dried and placed in bentwood cedar boxes for storage.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36804,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36805,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit mixed with sugar, steamed and eaten.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36806,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berry clusters placed in alder bark cones and submerged in cold creeks for storage.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36807,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for winter use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36818,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,318,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36830,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,209,Quileute,3,g83,318,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36831,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,209,Quileute,3,g83,318,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for winter use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
37628,3635,Sedum sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,256,1,Food,,,Leaves used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 256"
37853,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,288,1,Food,41,Dessert,Berries used to make a frothy dessert.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 288"
37855,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,288,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Purchased berries dried or canned for storage.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 288"
37856,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,288,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Purchased berries dried or canned for storage.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 288"
38355,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,133,Makah,3,g83,314,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes dipped in oil and eaten with smoked fish.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 314"
40676,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,281,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or cooked with fermented salmon eggs.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281"
41043,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,238,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Old leaves eaten sparingly to keep alive when hungry in the woods.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 238"
41044,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,238,1,Food,,,Young growth used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 238"
41709,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,1,Food,,,Plant tops used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
42176,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,305,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Fruit dried into cakes and stored for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 305"
42177,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,304,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit formed into cakes, dried and stored for future use.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 304"
42180,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,304,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 304"
42181,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,305,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 305"
42182,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,304,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 304"
42183,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,305,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for winter use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 305"
42225,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,306,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Fruit dried into cakes and stored for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 306"
42226,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,306,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 306"
42281,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,3,g83,307,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307"
42282,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,3,g83,307,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307"
42283,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,3,g83,307,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam and jellies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307"
42284,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,3,g83,307,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307"
42325,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,308,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Fruit frozen for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 308"
42327,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,308,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 308"
42328,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,308,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for winter use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 308"
42390,4087,Vaccinium sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,310,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries formerly dried into cakes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 310"
42391,4087,Vaccinium sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,310,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 310"
3211,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,,,Roots boiled and used for food.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
4553,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,318,1,Food,86,Spice,Berries cooked with meat to season the broth.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 318"
5977,421,Asarum canadense L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,318,1,Food,86,Spice,Root used as an appetizer in all cooked foods.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 318"
6285,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,218,Appetizer,Plant eaten before a feast to increase the appetite.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
6286,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Flowers cut up, stewed and eaten like preserves.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
6434,459,Aster sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,,,Leaves boiled with fish and eaten.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
10830,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
11429,1131,Crataegus sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruits squeezed, made into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
14981,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
15560,1699,Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
15592,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
16694,1835,Helianthus tuberosus L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,319,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw like a radish.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 319"
19773,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
21525,2328,Lycopus asper Greene,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried, boiled and used for food.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
25538,2757,Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,,,"Stalks cut, boiled, peeled and the sweetish substance between the bark and the wood used for food.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
27139,2937,Picea rubens Sarg.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
30241,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
30242,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
30593,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
30594,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
30595,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
30767,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
30768,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits pounded, dried and used for food.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
31753,3236,Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. & B.D. Jackson ex B.L. Robins. & Fern.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,318,1,Food,86,Spice,Buds and flowers used to season meat or broth.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 318"
32280,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,,,"Acorns roasted in ashes or boiled, mashed and eaten with grease or duck broth.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
32281,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Acorns boiled, split open and eaten like a vegetable.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
33751,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
33752,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
34424,3449,Rubus frondosus Bigelow,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
34425,3449,Rubus frondosus Bigelow,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
34521,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
34522,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
34524,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
35577,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,319,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"'Potatoes' at the end of the roots dried, boiled and used for food.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 319"
37481,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,38,Chippewa,4,d28,320,1,Food,,,Sweet bulbs eaten raw in midsummer.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320"
40861,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,317,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317"
41962,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries boiled, seasoned, combined with moose fat and deer tallow and used for food.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
42034,4076,Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries cooked and used for food.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
43480,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten raw.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321"
44368,4244,Zea mays L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,319,1,Food,44,Porridge,Used to make a 'hominy.',"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 319"
44369,4244,Zea mays L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,319,1,Food,56,Soup,Kernels pounded into a meal and used to make 'parched corn soup.',"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 319"
44370,4244,Zea mays L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,319,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fresh ears roasted in the husks and used for food.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 319"
44651,4255,Zizania palustris L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,318,1,Food,,,Cooked alone or with meat and used as the principle cereal food.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 318"
4491,345,Arctostaphylos sp.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
16990,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
19275,2071,Kalmia latifolia L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,52,1,Food,5,Forage,Plants eaten by deer.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 52"
29986,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,131,Mahuna,5,r54,57,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Bean pods ground into flour and used to make cakes and tarts.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 57"
29987,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,131,Mahuna,5,r54,57,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried bean pods eaten raw.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 57"
29988,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,131,Mahuna,5,r54,57,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Bean pods ground into flour, mixed with hot or cold water and eaten as porridge.","Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 57"
30448,3170,Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
30629,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
31468,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,131,Mahuna,5,r54,58,1,Food,,,"Young shoots cut, cooked and eaten like asparagus.","Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 58"
32569,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,55,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Acorns ground into a fine meal, sun dried, made into porridge, cooked and eaten as a dessert.","Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 55"
32570,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,55,1,Food,,,"Acorns ground into a fine meal, sun dried, made into porridge and eaten with deer meat.","Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 55"
33016,3348,Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Brewer & S. Wats.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
33175,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
33310,3357,Ribes amarum McClatchie,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
33720,3395,Ribes sanguineum var. glutinosum (Benth.) Loud.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
34884,3466,Rubus procumbens,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
36394,3557,Salvia columbariae Benth.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,54,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds winnowed, ground into a fine meal and made into porridge.","Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 54"
36887,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
43503,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"
44286,4238,Yucca whipplei Torr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,58,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Stalks pit roasted and used to make a syrup.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 58"
44287,4238,Yucca whipplei Torr.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,58,1,Food,,,Flowers eaten as food.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 58"
1153,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,291,Zuni,6,s15,67,1,Food,75,Staple,"Ground seeds used as a staple before the availability of corn. After the introduction of corn, the ground seeds were mixed with corn meal and made into steamed balls or pats.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"
2728,186,Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.,291,Zuni,6,s15,65,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds originally eaten raw, but later ground with black corn meal, made into balls and eaten.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65"
2747,188,Amaranthus cruentus L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,87,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,Feathery part of plant ground into a fine meal and used to color ceremonial bread red. The bread was carried by personators of anthropic gods and thrown by them to the populace between the dances.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 87"
5050,393,Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth.,291,Zuni,6,s15,65,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Ground seeds mixed with water, made into balls, steamed and used for food.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65"
6149,435,Asclepias involucrata Engelm. ex Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,65,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant favored by jackrabbits.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65"
6274,445,Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail,291,Zuni,6,s15,65,1,Food,,,Buds eaten by little boys.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65"
6511,481,Astragalus lentiginosus var. diphysus (Gray) M.E. Jones,291,Zuni,6,s15,65,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Pods dried for winter use.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65"
6512,481,Astragalus lentiginosus var. diphysus (Gray) M.E. Jones,291,Zuni,6,s15,65,1,Food,,,"Pods eaten fresh, boiled and salted.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65"
6713,512,Atriplex powellii S. Wats.,291,Zuni,6,s15,66,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds eaten raw before the presence of corn & afterwards, ground with corn meal & made into a mush.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66"
9249,880,Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia,291,Zuni,6,s15,67,1,Food,85,Candy,Leaves chewed for the pleasant taste.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"
9250,880,Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia,291,Zuni,6,s15,67,1,Food,135,Sweetener,"Root pieces used to sweeten corn meal. After the mouth had been thoroughly cleansed, the women who sweetened the corn placed a piece of it in their mouths.  The root remained in the mouth for two days, except to take refreshment and to sleep.  Each time the root was removed from the mouth, the mouth was cleansed with cold water before returning the root to it.  Finally, when they began sweetening the corn, either yellow or black corn was used.  The women, with their fingers, placed as much corn meal as possible into their mouths and held it there, without chewing, until the accumulation of saliva forced ejection of the mass.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"
9525,903,Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats.,291,Zuni,6,s15,66,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Ground seeds mixed with corn meal and salt, made into a stiff batter, formed into balls and steamed. The Zuni say that upon reaching this world, the seeds were prepared without the meal because there was no corn.  Now the young plants are boiled, either alone or with meat, and are greatly relished.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66"
9527,903,Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats.,291,Zuni,6,s15,66,1,Food,,,Young plants boiled alone or with meat and used for food.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66"
10345,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Leaves gathered in large quantities and hung indoors to dry for winter use.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
10346,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,,,"Tender leaves usually boiled with corn, on or off the cob, and highly seasoned with chile.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
10734,1083,Coreopsis tinctoria var. tinctoria,291,Zuni,6,s15,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant formerly used to make a hot beverage until the introduction of coffee by traders. The plant was folded while fresh, a number of folds being attached one below the other, and hung on the wall to dry.  When the beverage was desired, a fold was detached from the wall and used to make a hot beverage.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66"
10744,1086,Coriandrum sativum L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,66,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Powdered seeds ground with chile and used a condiment with meat.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66"
10745,1086,Coriandrum sativum L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,66,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as a salad.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66"
11742,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,67,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fresh squash cut into spiral strips, folded into hanks and hung up to dry for winter use.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"
11743,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,67,1,Food,47,Special Food,Blossoms cooked in grease and used as a delicacy in combination with other foods.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"
11744,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,67,1,Food,,,"Fresh squash, either whole or in pieces, roasted in ashes and used for food.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"
11806,1178,Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult.,291,Zuni,6,s15,67,1,Food,75,Staple,"Tiny seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and made into steamed cakes.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"
12015,1224,Dalea lasiathera Gray,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,85,Candy,"Root chewed, especially by children, and greatly enjoyed.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
12016,1224,Dalea lasiathera Gray,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,86,Spice,Flowers crushed by hand and sprinkled into meat stew as a flavoring after cooking.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
13150,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,291,Zuni,6,s15,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant without the root occasionally used to make a hot, tea like beverage.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"
17569,1942,Hymenopappus filifolius Hook.,291,Zuni,6,s15,68,1,Food,85,Candy,Root used as chewing gum.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 68"
19401,2088,Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung,291,Zuni,6,s15,68,1,Food,85,Candy,Dried root gum used as chewing gum.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 68"
21462,2316,Lycium pallidum Miers,291,Zuni,6,s15,68,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw when perfectly ripe or boiled and sometimes sweetened.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 68"
24879,2674,Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit, with the spines rubbed off, dried for winter use.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
24880,2674,Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit, with the spines rubbed off, eaten raw or stewed.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
24882,2674,Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Dried fruit ground into a flour, mixed with parched corn meal and made into a mush.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
26367,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Beans boiled & fried or crushed, boiled beans mixed with mush, baked in corn husks & used for food.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
26368,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,69,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled and fried beans used for food.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69"
26666,2913,Physalis hederifolia var. fendleri (Gray) Cronq.,291,Zuni,6,s15,70,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fruit boiled in small quantities of water, crushed and used as a condiment.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70"
26705,2916,Physalis longifolia Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries boiled, ground in a mortar with raw onions, chile and coriander seeds and used for food.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70"
27697,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,291,Zuni,6,s15,70,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Nuts gathered in great quantities, toasted and stored for winter use.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70"
33445,3364,Ribes cereum var. pedicellare Brewer & S. Wats.,291,Zuni,6,s15,70,1,Food,52,Fruit,Highly relished berries used for food.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70"
33446,3364,Ribes cereum var. pedicellare Brewer & S. Wats.,291,Zuni,6,s15,70,1,Food,,,Fresh leaves eaten with uncooked mutton fat or with deer fat.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70"
38282,3720,Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.,291,Zuni,6,s15,70,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries mixed with curdled goat milk and considered a delicious beverage.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70"
38290,3721,Solanum fendleri Gray ex Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,71,1,Food,,,"Raw tubers used for food. After every mouthful of potato, a bite of white clay was taken to counteract the unpleasant astringent effect of the potato in the mouth.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71"
38346,3728,Solanum triflorum Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Ripe fruit boiled, ground, mixed with ground chile & salt & eaten as a condiment with mush or bread.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71"
40830,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,71,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Dried, ground wheat mixed with water to make a beverage.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71"
40831,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,71,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Wheat made into flour and used to make doughnuts.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71"
43678,4211,Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray,291,Zuni,6,s15,71,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds ground with corn meal, made into cakes or balls, steamed and used for food.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71"
43985,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,72,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten fresh or boiled, cooled and the skin peeled off with a knife.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 72"
43988,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,72,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into conserves and used for food.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 72"
43990,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,72,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Fruit made into conserves and used as a sweetener before the introduction of coffee and sugar.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 72"
44196,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,291,Zuni,6,s15,73,1,Food,,,Seed pods boiled and used for food.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73"
44528,4244,Zea mays L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,73,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Popped corn ground as fine as possible, mixed with cold water, strained and used as a beverage. Although this beverage could be consumed at any time, it was used especially by the rain priests and personators of anthropic gods during ceremonies.  Another native beverage was also made by the Zuni.  Water was poured over sprouted corn, allowed to stand for some days and then used as a beverage.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73"
44529,4244,Zea mays L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,73,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Toasted or untoasted corn ground into a flour and used to make bread.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73"
44530,4244,Zea mays L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,73,1,Food,44,Porridge,Corn used to make gruel.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73"
44531,4244,Zea mays L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,73,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Corn used to make popcorn.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73"
44532,4244,Zea mays L.,291,Zuni,6,s15,73,1,Food,75,Staple,Toasted or untoasted corn ground into a flour and used to make bread eaten as a staple on journeys.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73"
574,30,Acer nigrum Michx. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
656,34,Acer saccharinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
3118,210,Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
9416,894,Chenopodium album L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,240,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240"
11312,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,242,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 242"
11337,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
13077,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
15035,1641,Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
15618,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 239"
15743,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
16880,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
19715,2112,Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peas used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
19721,2113,Lathyrus palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peas used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
22200,2390,Malus coronaria var. coronaria,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
29408,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,1,Food,,,Buds and seed capsules used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
30276,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30277,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30278,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried fruit ground into a flour and used to make soup.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30505,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30507,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30508,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried fruit ground into a flour and used to make soup.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30652,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30654,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30655,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried fruit ground into a flour and used to make soup.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30832,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30834,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30837,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried fruit ground into a flour and used to make soup.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30923,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30924,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30925,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried fruit ground into a flour and used to make soup.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
33334,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33336,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33516,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33517,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33635,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33636,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33655,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33658,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33701,3393,Ribes rubrum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33702,3393,Ribes rubrum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33933,3418,Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi (Schwein.) W.H. Lewis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,,,Buds used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
34199,3433,Rosa virginiana P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,,,Buds used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
34545,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
34547,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
36822,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
38552,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
41973,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sun dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
41974,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
41975,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42040,4076,Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42126,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sun dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42127,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42128,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42289,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
43131,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
44641,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,246,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds used to make gem cakes, duck stuffing and fowl stuffing.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
44642,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,246,1,Food,230,Breakfast Food,Seeds steamed into puffed rice and eaten for breakfast with sugar and cream.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
44643,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,246,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Seeds boiled with rabbit excrements, eaten and esteemed as a luxury.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
211,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branch tips sometimes steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
312,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
527,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap boiled to make a type of maple syrup.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
528,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,,,Raw shoots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
529,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Sprouted seeds boiled and eaten as green vegetables. The sprouted seeds were generally bitter, but the young shoots were considered to be quite sweet and juicy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
1912,106,Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,167,1,Food,85,Candy,Milky latex used as chewing gum.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 167"
2032,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,,,Bulbs dug in the spring and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2164,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Bulbs dried for winter storage. The dried bulbs were sprinkled with water and became just like fresh bulbs or they were soaked overnight in water.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2165,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Bulbs tied in bundles, partially dried, pit cooked and used for food. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked.  They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across.  They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves.  The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy.  The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat.  It was very important to them for refreshment.  Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2166,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Cooked bulbs considered a delicacy. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked.  They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across.  They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves.  The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy.  The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat.  It was very important to them for refreshment.  Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
3038,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3039,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried into cakes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3041,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried loose like raisins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3042,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3043,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3045,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Dried berries and many other ingredients used to make a special pudding. The dried berries with bitterroot, flour, butter, cream, sugar and sometimes tiger lily bulbs, avalanche lily corms, deer fat, black tree lichen and salmon eggs were used to make a special pudding.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3046,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries jammed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3047,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,86,Spice,Berry juice used to marinate other foods.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3048,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Dried berry cakes used as a sweetener for other foods.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3050,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries frozen or canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
4680,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dry, mealy fruits eaten with bear fat or fish oil because of the dryness.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4682,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,1,Food,52,Fruit,Washed berries fried in hot lard or salmon oil and used for food. The berries would crackle and pop 'just like popcorn.'  They were the only berries prepared in this manner.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4774,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,1,Food,,,"Roots eaten raw, but more often cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
6521,484,Astragalus miser Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,222,1,Food,,,Plant placed at the top of the cooking pit in the absence of black tree lichen and wild onion.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 222"
6940,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Dried roots cooked and eaten as a 'sort of dessert' after meals. The dried roots were reconstituted by soaking in water overnight.  After they were cooked, the roots tasted sweet and were eaten as a 'sort of dessert' after a meal of dried fish or some other food as a main course.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6941,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Cooked roots hung on strings, dried and then stored on the strings or in baskets. The dried roots were reconstituted by soaking in water overnight.  After they were cooked, the roots tasted sweet and were eaten as a 'sort of dessert' after a meal of dried fish or some other food as a main course.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6943,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Dried seed flour eaten as porridge, especially in times of famine. The seeds were laid on mats, sundried, placed in buckskin bags and pounded into a flour.  The resulting flour was made into a porridge and eaten, especially in times of famine.  One informant said that the seeds were 'choky'  and difficult to swallow if eaten alone.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6945,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,Loose or skewered roots cooked overnight in a steaming pit and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6949,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,"Root crown, with the young undeveloped leaves, used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6952,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,"Young leafstalks, leaves, young budstems and fruits used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6954,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,Young shoots chewed while eating fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
7746,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,119,1,Food,,,"Corms used for food, usually raw, but sometimes cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 119"
7975,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves soaked in water overnight and eaten raw or cooked as a green vegetable.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
8057,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8058,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8088,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8089,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8096,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8097,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8099,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8125,752,Carex sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,"Leaves eaten by goats, horses and other animals.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8517,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as hummingbird feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8722,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant considered a favorite food of deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
9319,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,50,Fodder,Stalks used for pigfeed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9320,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,,,"Stalks eaten raw like celery, boiled or steamed.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9322,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,,,Young shoots peeled and eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9432,894,Chenopodium album L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,203,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves eaten as greens.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 203"
9948,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9949,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,56,Soup,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9950,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9953,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9954,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9956,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10027,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10028,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10029,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10049,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10050,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10051,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10097,983,Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit much prized for food after it became available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 275"
10098,984,Citrus medica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit much prized for food after it became available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 275"
10102,986,Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck,259,Thompson,10,tta90,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit much prized for food after it became available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 275"
10134,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Corms made into cakes and dried for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
10136,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,,,"Corms rubbed clean, cooked in pits or steamed and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
10138,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Corms buried fresh in underground caches and stored for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
10970,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,1,Food,41,Dessert,Fruit eaten as dessert.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10971,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries and saskatoon berries smashed together, dried, rehydrated and eaten in the winter. The berries were also pounded with choke cherries, seeds and all and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10972,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Bitter, seedy fruits eaten alone or mashed with dried, 'white' saskatoon berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
11255,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Nuts eaten for refreshments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11382,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Mashed fruit dried for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11383,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit, without the seeds, eaten fresh or pureed.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11385,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jam or jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11569,1157,Cucumis melo L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,206,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 206"
12684,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
12706,1338,Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
12723,1342,Dryopteris sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
14351,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,85,Candy,Small root ends of corms eaten as candy by children.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14352,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Raw corms dried for future use in soups or stews. The corms were laid out loosely on a scaffold and allowed to partially dry until they had wilted so that they would not split when strung.  Then they were strung with needles onto long strings or thin sticks and allowed to dry completely.  The strings were tied at the ends to make a large necklace like loop which could be hung up for storage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14353,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Corms used to make a traditional kind of pudding. The pudding was made by boiling together such traditional ingredients as dried black tree lichen, dried saskatoon berries, cured salmon eggs, tiger lily bulbs or bitterroot and deer fat.  Some of these ingredients, including avalanche lily corms, were optional. Nowadays flour is often used as a substitute for black tree lichen and sugar is added.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14354,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,56,Soup,"Raw, dried corms used in soups and stews.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14355,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,,,"Corms considered an important traditional food source. Because raw corms were considered poisonous, most of the corms were pit cooked, either immediately after harvesting or at a later date after they had been strung and dried.  In the latter case, they were soaked for a few minutes in lukewarm water until they had regained about two-thirds of their moisture before being placed in the cooking pit.  They could be eaten immediately or redried for later use, when they could be could again very quickly.  One informant confirmed that the corms cooked and eaten immediately after harvesting were not as sweet and good as those that had been stored first.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14357,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,,,"Corms eaten with meat and fish as the vegetable portion of a meal, like potatoes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14358,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,,,Deep fried corms used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14910,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries, if plentiful, dried for future use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14911,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15029,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries, if plentiful, dried for future use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15030,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15346,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Washed bulbs dried for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15347,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used in flavoring soups.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15349,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,,,Roots steam cooked with a little water and put in puddings or pit cooked and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15385,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten when available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15697,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed, dried and made into cakes for later use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15699,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed and eaten fresh with other berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15701,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15702,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jams.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
16391,1793,Hackelia diffusa (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston,259,Thompson,10,tta90,192,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by sheep. The plant was not used by people as it was considered a noxious weed because the burred fruits stuck to fur and clothing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 192"
16945,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Plant formerly dried for storage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16947,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Plant frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16950,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peeled shoots eaten as vegetables with meat or fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16951,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Peeled, raw or cooked leaf stalks and flower stalks used for food. The stalks were ready to use around May and June, but after a while, they became tough, dry or sticky and were no longer good to eat.  The raw stalks would cause a burning like pepper if eaten in too great a quantity;  it was better to eat cooked stalks.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16952,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Plant canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
18537,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,1,Food,27,Beverage,Small pieces of branches used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19577,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,1,Food,85,Candy,Gum from trunk and branches chewed for pleasure.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19852,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,259,Thompson,10,tta90,214,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and twigs made into a tea like beverage and used in place of coffee.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 214"
19853,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,259,Thompson,10,tta90,214,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves made into a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 214"
20054,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Roots used as an ingredient in fruit cake.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20055,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Peeled roots dried loose or large roots stored on strings for future use. The roots were dried on strings in order to determine the market value or trade worth.  The dried roots were eaten with saskatoon berries and salmon eggs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20056,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Roots cooked with black tree lichen, dough and fresh salmon and made into a pudding. Sometimes the roots were cooked with black tree lichen, fermented salmon eggs, yellow avalanche lily corms, saskatoon berries and deer fat to make a similar kind of pudding.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20057,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Dried roots cooked in soups such as fish head soup, but only served on special occasions. Because the roots were so valuable, they were only served on special occasions.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20059,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,,,Fresh roots pit cooked or boiled in watertight baskets using red hot stones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20282,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,10,tta90,126,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Pit cooked bulbs dried for future use and usually cooked with meat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126"
20283,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,10,tta90,126,1,Food,56,Soup,"Bulbs used to make a soup like clam chowder. A vegetable soup was made with salmon heads, bitterroot, tiger lily bulbs, water horehound roots, chocolate lily bulbs, the 'dry' variety of saskatoon berries, dried powdered bracken fern rhizome and chopped wild onions.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126"
20284,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,10,tta90,126,1,Food,86,Spice,"Thick, scaly bulbs eaten mainly as a condiment or cooked with food to add a pepper like flavoring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126"
20806,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,259,Thompson,10,tta90,154,1,Food,,,"Roots dug in the early spring, pit cooked until soft, like balsam roots, and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 154"
20974,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Roots dug in the springtime, peeled and dried for later use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20975,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Roots used in puddings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20976,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,86,Spice,"Roots cooked with meat stews, saskatoon berries or tiger lily bulbs as a flavoring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20977,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,,,Boiled roots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
21020,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21022,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Mature fruits, leaves and other plant parts preserved & used all year to make a tea like beverage.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21023,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Young, green fruits used to make tea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21024,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Leaves frozen or canned for future use or dried and used to flavor stews or other dishes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21025,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,"Leaves frozen, canned or dried for future use and used to flavor stews or other dishes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21026,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Green, undeveloped fruits chewed raw.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21027,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,86,Spice,"Green, undeveloped fruits used as a flavoring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21028,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves used as a flavoring in soups and stews.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21032,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw or cooked as a potherb.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21034,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Leaves frozen or canned for future use or dried and used to flavor stews and other dishes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21117,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,1,Food,85,Candy,Nectar sucked from flowers by children.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21214,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by grizzly bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21215,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten, but not commonly exploited as a food source. One informant ate the berries, but was told by her mother not to eat them.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21532,2330,Lycopus uniflorus Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,232,1,Food,41,Dessert,Cooked tuberous root eaten for dessert.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 232"
21534,2330,Lycopus uniflorus Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,232,1,Food,,,Tuberous root steamed or baked and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 232"
21876,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried in the absence of any other fruit.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21877,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten fresh, a few at a time.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21878,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21935,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
22135,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,1,Food,5,Forage,Rhizomes eaten by bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22138,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,1,Food,86,Spice,Leafy shoots cooked as a flavoring for meat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22139,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22140,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots cooked and eaten like asparagus.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22290,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit picked in fall when still green, allowed to ripen in a basket and eaten with oulachen oil.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
22782,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,233,1,Food,,,Greens warmed over an open fire and eaten with dried fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"
24126,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Rhizomes sliced and dried like apples.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
24233,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Smashed fruit made into bread.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
24234,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten fresh. It was cautioned that if too much fruit was eaten, one would get 'bleeding lungs.'","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
24661,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Stems roasted over a fire, peeled and eaten as dessert by children.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24662,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Stems used for food during times of famine. The stems were used for food during times of famine because they could be harvested even during the winter and early spring when few other foods were available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24663,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,,,"Stems steam cooked in pits, the outer, spiny skin peeled off and the insides used for food. The stems could also be baked in hot coals until the spines were singed off and then squeezed until the fleshy centers popped out.  The inside part was eaten and considered quite tasty.  In recent years, some people mixed cactus stems with fruit cakes, but traditionally, it was eaten with northern black currants or other types of berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24664,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Stems mixed with berry juice and canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24777,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Stems roasted over a fire, peeled and eaten as dessert by children.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24778,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Stems used for food during times of famine. The stems were used for food during times of famine because they could be harvested even during the winter and early spring when few other foods were available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24782,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,,,"Stems steam cooked in pits, the outer, spiny skin peeled off and the insides used for food. The stems could also be baked in hot coals until the spines were singed off and then squeezed until the fleshy centers popped out.  The inside part was eaten and considered quite tasty.  In recent years, some people mixed cactus stems with fruit cakes, but traditionally, it was eaten with northern black currants or other types of berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24783,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Stems mixed with berry juice and canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
25908,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant frequented by bees and hummingbirds for the nectar.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25909,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,1,Food,86,Spice,Plant used in pit cooking nodding onions.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
26876,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,1,Food,,,Sap considered edible.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27360,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried nuts kept alone in sacks or mixed with dried service berries and stored for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27361,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,44,Porridge,Parched seeds pounded in a mortar to make a flour and mixed with water to form a mush.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27362,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,,,"Seeds eaten roasted or raw, but often considered bitter. If too many raw seeds were eaten, it would cause constipation.  Roasted seeds were therefore preferred to raw seeds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27364,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Cooked, crushed seeds mixed with dried berries and preserved for winter use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27478,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Needles used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27479,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs with needles attached used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27480,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,85,Candy,Young shoots of branches chewed for the honey.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27481,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue dried for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27482,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,,,Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
28054,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds and whitebark pine seeds placed in a bag, pounded into a powder, mixed with water and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
29011,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,1,Food,85,Candy,"Rhizomes chewed for the pleasant, sweet, licorice flavor.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29015,3077,Polypodium hesperium Maxon,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,1,Food,85,Candy,"Rhizomes chewed for the pleasant, sweet, licorice taste.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29151,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,89,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 89"
29348,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,1,Food,5,Forage,Leaves and twigs eaten by moose.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29678,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,277,1,Food,5,Forage,Bark eaten by beavers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 277"
29916,3148,Prosartes hookeri var. hookeri,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit occasionally used for food, but not considered important.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
30421,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,1,Food,41,Dessert,Fruits sometimes eaten as a dessert.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30422,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten occasionally because of the bitter taste.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30863,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make wine and juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30864,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit, with the pit, dried for future use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30865,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30866,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make syrup.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30867,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Fruit, with the pit, canned for future use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
31220,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Wild sugar gathered and eaten whenever possible.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31507,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,1,Food,75,Staple,"Cooked, inner rhizome pounded into a flour and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31508,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,1,Food,,,"Dried, toasted rhizomes beaten with a stick to remove the bark and the white insides used for food. The rhizomes were usually eaten with fish and were said to be very sweet, but one informant's father said it would give her worms.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31509,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,1,Food,,,"Fiddleheads broken off and the stem portion of the shoot used for food, often with fish.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
32849,3337,Rhododendron albiflorum Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,216,1,Food,83,Preservative,Branches used in bottoms of berry baskets and on top of the berries to keep them fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 216"
33420,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,226,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Insipid, rubbery berries used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 226"
33502,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries made into juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33503,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33504,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33535,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33543,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33544,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33545,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33583,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried or sometimes buried fresh in the ground for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33584,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries stored in the freezer for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33585,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33668,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33669,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33671,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33716,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sometimes dried and used in soups as flavoring.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33717,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33718,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,86,Spice,Berries sometimes dried and used in soups as flavoring.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33916,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Hips used to make a tea like beverage. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33917,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33918,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33919,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,5,Forage,Hips eaten by bears before hibernation.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33920,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,1,Preserves,Hips used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33921,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Hips used to make syrup. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33922,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,Hips used only sparingly for food because of the seeds and the insipid taste. The hips were eaten with a kind of whitish berry or mixed with wild mushrooms.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33923,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,"Young, tender shoots peeled and eaten in the spring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34020,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34093,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34094,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34095,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,"Young, tender shoots peeled and eaten in the spring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34133,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34134,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34135,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,"Young, tender shoots peeled and eaten in the spring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34247,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Hips used to make a tea like beverage. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34248,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34249,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34250,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,5,Forage,Hips eaten by bears before hibernation.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34251,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,1,Preserves,Hips used to make jelly. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34252,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Hips used to make syrup. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34253,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,Hips eaten only sparingly because of the seeds and the insipid taste. The hips were eaten with a kind of whitish berry or mixed with wild mushrooms.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34254,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,"Young, tender shoots peeled and eaten in the spring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34509,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit steamed, dried and made into a cake.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34510,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit sundried loose on mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34511,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Fruit frozen or made into a jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34512,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34513,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit frozen or made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34649,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34650,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34653,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,,,"Young shoots peeled, cooked over a fire and eaten alone or with fish.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34870,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,270,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten fresh, often with fish.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 270"
34871,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,270,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Roots used for sugar.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 270"
34872,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,270,1,Food,,,Toasted shoots eaten alone or with meat and fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 270"
34882,3465,Rubus pedatus Sm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,272,1,Food,52,Fruit,Small fruits rarely eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 272"
35037,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,272,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit eaten dried.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 272"
35038,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,272,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 272"
35082,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,272,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sun dried on mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 272"
35179,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,,,"Leaves chewed by children for the tangy, sour taste.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
35604,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,112,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Cooked root, dried, soaked and used with fish for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 112"
35605,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,112,1,Food,,,Cooked roots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 112"
36329,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant enjoyed by moose.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36599,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36601,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36603,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked to make jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36604,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,86,Spice,"Berry juice used for marinating fish. The berries were mashed in birch bark baskets, and when the fish had been split open along the backbone in preparation for barbecuing, it was soaked for a while in elderberry juice to flavor it.  Then, the fish was taken out, the berry seeds scraped off and the fish barbecued and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36838,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries stewed or eaten fresh with salmon egg 'cheese.' The berries were said to taste like sulfur.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36840,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,56,Soup,"Mashed berries dried in cakes, broken off and added to salmon head soup and other dishes. The berries were said to taste like sulfur.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36841,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,86,Spice,"Berry juice used to marinate salmon. The berries were mashed in birch bark baskets, and when the fish had been split open along the backbone in preparation for barbecuing, it was soaked for a while in elderberry juice to flavor it.  Then, the fish was taken out, the berry seeds scraped off and the fish barbecued and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
37919,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries squeezed through a rice bag or some other straining cloth and made into juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37921,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Soapberries dried on mats and formed into cakes. The berries were gathered in the summer, but were not hand picked because they were too soft.  A clean mat was placed underneath the bush, then a branch laden with fruit was held and hit with a stick until the fruit fell off.  The ripe berries were then placed in a basket, heated with hot rocks and spread out on mats or on a layer of 'timbergrass'  set on a scaffolding and allowed to dry.  A small fire was lit beneath so that the smoke would drive away the flies.  The dried soapberry cakes were then broken off, placed in a birch bark basket with water and 'swished' with a whisk of maple bark tied to a stick.  The mixture was originally sweetened with the 'white' variety of saskatoon berries that were dried and soaked in water to reconstitute them.  More recently, sugar was added to the whip to sweeten it.  The sweetened froth was served in small containers, first to the men and then to the women, as a sort of dessert or confection.  It was said that the soapberries must never come into contact with grease or oil or the berries would not whip.  One informant said that special containers were used for the preparation of soapberries, not for cooking or any other purpose, so that the berries could be kept free of grease.  It was said that pregnant women should never eat the soapberry whip.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37922,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,85,Candy,Berries made into juice and used to make a frothy confection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37923,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37925,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
38145,3703,Sium suave Walt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Roots dug in the spring and fall, washed, pit cooked and dried for later use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
38147,3703,Sium suave Walt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,1,Food,,,Roots sometimes eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
38576,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sometimes dried for storage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38577,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten alone.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38578,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,56,Soup,Berries boiled and eaten in soups such as salmon head soup.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38579,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,86,Spice,Berries cooked with marmot to flavor meat and added to blueberry jars as a flavor when canning. A cluster of berries was added to the top of a jar of blueberries as a flavor when canning.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38580,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries usually buried and kept fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38730,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,259,Thompson,10,tta90,274,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274"
38735,3792,Spiraea douglasii Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,274,1,Food,5,Forage,Dried flower spikes eaten by grouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274"
40542,3987,Tragopogon sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,185,1,Food,85,Candy,"Milky latex chewed for pleasure and later swallowed. The stems were broken, the sap squeezed out, allowed to harden and then chewed for pleasure.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 185"
40626,4011,Trifolium pratense L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as food for livestock.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
40789,4031,Triteleia grandiflora Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,131,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten with yellowbell bulbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 131"
41741,4058,Urtica dioica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,288,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens cooked as green vegetables.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 288"
41742,4058,Urtica dioica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,289,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plant tops eaten as a potherb after the arrival of the Chinese.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41998,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried loose like raisins or canned and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
41999,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42000,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used in jams.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42001,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries dried loose like raisins or canned and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42027,4075,Vaccinium deliciosum Piper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried loose like raisins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42028,4075,Vaccinium deliciosum Piper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42029,4075,Vaccinium deliciosum Piper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used in jams.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42030,4075,Vaccinium deliciosum Piper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42080,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,218,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried or canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218"
42081,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,218,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218"
42082,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,218,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218"
42084,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,218,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218"
42136,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,218,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218"
42208,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,220,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries scattered thinly on a mat and dried over a fire or mashed up and dried into a thin cake.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 220"
42209,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries soaked, mashed and dried for winter use. The berries were soaked, mashed and then placed on drying racks with a small fire lit beneath them to keep away the flies.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42210,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42243,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,220,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 220"
42304,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,221,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food. This fruit was not dried because it remained fresh for a long time and could be picked any time until winter.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 221"
42354,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,221,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries used in pancakes and muffins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 221"
42356,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,221,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 221"
42370,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried loose like raisins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42371,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42372,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used in jams.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42373,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,259,Thompson,10,tta90,217,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 217"
42517,4093,Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,290,1,Food,5,Forage,Leaves eaten by deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 290"
42559,4095,Valeriana sitchensis Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,290,1,Food,5,Forage,Leaves eaten by deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 290"
43082,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,201,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit eaten dried.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 201"
43083,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,201,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 201"
43084,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,201,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 201"
43085,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,201,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit made into a sauce with the seeds strained and cornstarch added.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 201"
43086,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,201,1,Food,56,Soup,Fruit cooked in soups.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 201"
44648,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,144,1,Food,,,Rice cooked with meat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144"
1777,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,193,Pima,11,c49,48,1,Food,85,Candy,"Heads baked, sliced, dried and eaten like candy.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 48"
1778,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,193,Pima,11,c49,48,1,Food,,,Heads pit baked and eaten with pinole.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 48"
2017,130,Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze,193,Pima,11,c49,69,1,Food,,,"Ripe seeds winnowed, roasted, ground, water added, cooked and used for food.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 69"
2784,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,47,1,Food,,,Leaves boiled and eaten with pinole.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 47"
2785,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,47,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender leaves cooked and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 47"
6687,508,Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,66,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Tiny seeds formerly roasted and eaten during famines.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 66"
6703,511,Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,67,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Seeds made into bread and used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 67"
6704,511,Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,67,1,Food,5,Forage,Used as an important forage plant.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 67"
6705,511,Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,67,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Seeds formerly roasted, ground and eaten during famines.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 67"
6741,520,Atriplex wrightii S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,69,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled, strained, fried in grease and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 69"
8194,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Ripe, dried fruits shaped into balls, boiled, fermented and used to make wine.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8196,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,41,Dessert,Pulp eaten as dessert.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8199,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds fed to chickens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8203,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds dried, roasted, ground and eaten as a moist and sticky mush.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8206,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Pulp boiled, seeds strained, boiled again and sealed in jars until thick as honey.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8207,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Ripe, dried fruits shaped into balls, boiled and used to make a syrup.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8209,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,53,1,Food,112,Substitution Food,"Seeds ground, passed through a sieve or left mixed with husks and used as a substitute for lard.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
9563,910,Chenopodium sp.,193,Pima,11,c49,70,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled, salted, strained, fried in grease and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 70"
9564,910,Chenopodium sp.,283,Yaqui,11,c49,70,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 70"
11737,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,193,Pima,11,c49,72,1,Food,,,"Seeds roasted, cracked and the kernels eaten.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 72"
11890,1200,Cyperus odoratus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,99,1,Food,,,Tubers eaten.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 99"
12099,1240,Datura discolor Bernh.,193,Pima,11,c49,85,1,Food,27,Beverage,Infusion of leaves and mescal used as a dangerously intoxicating brew.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 85"
12410,1275,Descurainia sp.,193,Pima,11,c49,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Seeds roasted, mixed with water and eaten like atole.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 84"
12882,1357,Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem.,193,Pima,11,c49,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe fruits freed from spines and eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 57"
13101,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,102,1,Food,85,Candy,Resin used as a primitive chewing gum.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102"
13126,1402,Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels.,193,Pima,11,c49,76,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ends of branches boiled and made into a beverage.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76"
13127,1402,Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels.,196,"Pima, Lehi",11,c49,76,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots used as a tea.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76"
14731,1608,Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo,193,Pima,11,c49,55,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice extracted from pulp and used to quench thirst.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55"
14732,1608,Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo,193,Pima,11,c49,55,1,Food,85,Candy,Used to make cactus candy.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55"
14733,1608,Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo,193,Pima,11,c49,56,1,Food,,,"Plants sliced, cut into small pieces, boiled with mesquite beans and eaten as a sweet dish.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 56"
14742,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,55,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice extracted from pulp and used to quench thirst.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55"
14743,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,55,1,Food,85,Candy,Used to make cactus candy.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55"
14745,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,193,Pima,11,c49,56,1,Food,,,"Plants sliced, cut into small pieces, boiled with mesquite beans and eaten as a sweet dish.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 56"
15407,1674,Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. heterophyllum (Vail) Kartesz,193,Pima,11,c49,82,1,Food,85,Candy,"Milk extracted from main stem, baked or boiled and used as chewing gum.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 82"
16620,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,1,Food,85,Candy,Inner pulp of stalks used as chewing gum.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
16621,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,1,Food,85,Candy,Petals used by children as chewing gum.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
16622,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground into meal and used as food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
16623,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,1,Food,,,Seeds eaten raw or roasted.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
17291,1900,Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert,193,Pima,11,c49,92,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers boiled and eaten like potatoes.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 92"
21417,2315,Lycium fremontii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,87,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Red berries boiled, mashed and the liquid used as a beverage.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 87"
22344,2399,Malva parviflora L.,193,Pima,11,c49,79,1,Food,5,Forage,Seeds eaten by hogs.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 79"
23417,2519,Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) Greene,193,Pima,11,c49,70,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled until tender, salted, fried in lard or fat and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 70"
24363,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,93,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Beans formerly pit roasted, parched and eaten whole.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
24366,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,93,1,Food,75,Staple,"Beans formerly pit roasted, ground, mixed with water and eaten as pinole.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
24574,2644,Opuntia arbuscula Engelm.,193,Pima,11,c49,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Green fruits boiled with saltbush and used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 59"
24627,2653,Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck,193,Pima,11,c49,60,1,Food,,,"Tender leaves sliced, cooked, seasoned like string beans and used for food.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 60"
24710,2663,Opuntia leptocaulis DC.,193,Pima,11,c49,60,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits freed from thorns and eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 60"
24737,2665,Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm.,193,Pima,11,c49,60,1,Food,,,"Tender leaves sliced, cooked, seasoned like string beans and used for food.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 60"
24872,2673,Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Coult.,193,Pima,11,c49,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Green fruits boiled with saltbush and used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 59"
24915,2683,Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt.,193,Pima,11,c49,49,1,Food,,,"Young sprouts covered with hot ashes, baked and the lower parts eaten.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 49"
25493,2746,Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex Gray) S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,90,1,Food,,,Green pods eaten raw in summer.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"
28484,3003,Plantago ovata Forsk.,193,Pima,11,c49,96,1,Food,50,Fodder,Herbs used for fodder.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96"
28656,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,105,1,Food,5,Forage,"Plants browsed by deer, horses and cattle.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 105"
29487,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,109,1,Food,85,Candy,"Young, green pods chewed as gum.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109"
29890,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,188,Papago,11,c49,107,1,Food,,,Young pods used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29907,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,188,Papago,11,c49,107,1,Food,,,Young pods used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29911,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,1,Food,,,"Seeds dried, cracked and eaten like pine nuts.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
30080,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,193,Pima,11,c49,96,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Beans ground, mixed with water and made into a nourishing and sweet beverage.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96"
30082,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,193,Pima,11,c49,96,1,Food,85,Candy,"Fresh, sugary pods chewed by children.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96"
30083,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,193,Pima,11,c49,96,1,Food,5,Forage,Pods and foliage eaten by grazing animals.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96"
30141,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Beans pounded, added to cold water, strained and used as a sweet drink.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30142,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Beans boiled, cooled, pressed out into dumplings and eaten.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30144,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,1,Food,85,Candy,Gum formerly eaten raw as a sweet.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30146,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,1,Food,44,Porridge,Beans used to make mush.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30153,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,1,Food,,,Catkins sucked for their sweet taste.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
30154,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,193,Pima,11,c49,93,1,Food,,,Sugary bean pods relished as food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"
35330,3485,Rumex crispus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
35413,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds formerly roasted, ground, added to water to form flat cakes, baked and eaten.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
35415,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Stems boiled, strained, flour added, combined with sugar, filled into pie crusts, baked and eaten.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
35419,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,51,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, succulent leaves boiled or roasted and eaten as greens in spring.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"
35856,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,108,1,Food,,,Catkins eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
36753,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,193,Pima,11,c49,75,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jams and jellies.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75"
37172,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,71,1,Food,5,Forage,"Succulent, young leaves and branches eaten by cattle and sheep.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 71"
37173,3586,Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,71,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Seeds roasted and eaten during 'hard times.',"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 71"
38086,3692,Sisymbrium irio L.,193,Pima,11,c49,84,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds formerly parched, ground, water added and eaten as a gruel.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 84"
38087,3692,Sisymbrium irio L.,193,Pima,11,c49,84,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Seeds stored and used as a winter food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 84"
38276,3720,Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.,193,Pima,11,c49,88,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries powdered, placed in milk, a piece of rabbit or cow stomach added and liquid eaten as cheese.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 88"
38505,3754,Sonchus asper (L.) Hill,193,Pima,11,c49,106,1,Food,,,Stalks peeled and eaten raw like celery.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38506,3754,Sonchus asper (L.) Hill,193,Pima,11,c49,106,1,Food,,,Tender leaves rubbed between the palms and eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38507,3754,Sonchus asper (L.) Hill,193,Pima,11,c49,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tender leaves cooked as greens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38517,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,106,1,Food,,,Leaves and stems rubbed between the palms of the hands and eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38519,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,283,Yaqui,11,c49,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tender, young leaves boiled in salted water with chile and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
40548,3992,Trianthema portulacastrum L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Plants cooked and eaten as greens in summer.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
40826,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,193,Pima,11,c49,73,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds ground into meal, water and salt added and dough used to make tortillas and cakes.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 73"
41123,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Pollen baked into brownish biscuits and used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41124,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Pollen mixed with ground wheat, stirred into boiling water and eaten as a gruel.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
41125,4047,Typha angustifolia L.,193,Pima,11,c49,64,1,Food,,,"Tender, white stalks eaten raw.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64"
44673,4258,Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,11,c49,50,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds squeezed out from boiled berries and fed to chickens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44674,4258,Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,11,c49,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Ripe, black berries eaten raw.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44675,4258,Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston,193,Pima,11,c49,50,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries boiled and used to make a syrup.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
14,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,316,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 316"
813,38,Achillea millefolium L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,220,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 220"
2084,140,Allium cepa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,194,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 194"
2093,140,Allium cepa L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,77,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 77"
2122,141,Allium cernuum Roth,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,193,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs cooked and eaten and the tops eaten fresh with meat.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 193"
2155,141,Allium cernuum Roth,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,76,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 76"
2503,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,224,1,Food,83,Preservative,Wood used to smoke fish and meat.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224"
2974,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,341,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 341"
3063,205,Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia,86,Haisla,14,c93,263,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries combined with other fruits and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 263"
3064,205,Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,263,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 263"
3065,205,Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 107"
3510,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,1,Food,,,Leaves and stems used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
3919,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,262,1,Food,85,Candy,Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 262"
4582,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mashed, mixed with grease and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4583,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,239,1,Food,47,Special Food,Berries mixed with high bush cranberries or Pacific crabapples and featured at winter feasts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4613,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4637,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4777,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,270,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 270"
4779,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,344,1,Food,,,Roots mixed with sugar and oolichan grease and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 344"
4790,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,110,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 110"
6766,529,Avena sativa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,205,1,Food,,,Grains used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 205"
7366,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,153,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by mountain goats and deer.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 153"
7513,619,Brassica oleracea L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Species used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 227"
7514,619,Brassica oleracea L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,328,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 328"
7520,620,Brassica rapa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 227"
7521,620,Brassica rapa L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,329,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 329"
7523,620,Brassica rapa L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,89,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 89"
7907,702,Camassia sp.,86,Haisla,14,c93,194,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 194"
7916,704,Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
7918,704,Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
9329,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,257,1,Food,,,Young shoots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"
9334,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,106,1,Food,,,Young shoots eaten as a spring food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
10094,983,Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
10100,986,Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
10556,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,85,Haihais,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10557,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,86,Haisla,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10558,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,213,1,Food,,,Roots steamed and eaten with oolichan grease.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 213"
10559,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10560,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10561,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,325,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 325"
10566,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"