id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
16511,1810,Hedysarum boreale Nutt.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",205,p37,1,1,Food,5,Forage,"Roots eaten by the brown bears, meadow mice and lemmings.","Porsild, A.E., 1937, Edible Roots and Berries of Northern Canada, Canada Department of Mines and Resources, National Museum of Canada, page 1"
16512,1810,Hedysarum boreale Nutt.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",205,p37,1,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots located in mice 'caches' by dogs and eaten.,"Porsild, A.E., 1937, Edible Roots and Berries of Northern Canada, Canada Department of Mines and Resources, National Museum of Canada, page 1"
1607,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds pounded, leached, boiled into a mush, made into a cake and eaten with meat.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
1697,86,Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders,10,Apache,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1698,86,Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders,48,Comanche,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1701,86,Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders,147,Mohave,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1708,86,Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders,183,Paiute,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1709,86,Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders,188,Papago,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1711,86,Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders,272,Ute,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1712,86,Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders,288,Yuma,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1726,89,Agave americana L.,10,Apache,19,c35,10,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Heads and young leaves roasted, sun dried and used immediately or stored.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1727,89,Agave americana L.,10,Apache,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1731,89,Agave americana L.,48,Comanche,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1732,89,Agave americana L.,147,Mohave,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1733,89,Agave americana L.,183,Paiute,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1736,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1750,89,Agave americana L.,272,Ute,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1751,89,Agave americana L.,288,Yuma,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1799,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,10,Apache,19,c35,10,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Heads and young leaves roasted, sun dried and used immediately or stored.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1800,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,10,Apache,19,c35,10,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Heads and young leaves roasted, sun dried and used immediately or stored.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1801,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,10,Apache,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1833,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,48,Comanche,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1834,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,147,Mohave,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1835,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,183,Paiute,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1836,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,188,Papago,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1838,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,272,Ute,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1839,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,288,Yuma,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1913,107,Agoseris retrorsa (Benth.) Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Green leaves boiled and eaten.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
1914,107,Agoseris retrorsa (Benth.) Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Whole plant above the ground boiled, washed in cold water to remove bitterness and fried in grease.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
2120,141,Allium cernuum Roth,76,Flathead,30,h92,10,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Bulbs used as condiments.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10"
2121,141,Allium cernuum Roth,76,Flathead,30,h92,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Bulbs used as a staple food.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10"
2132,141,Allium cernuum Roth,120,Kutenai,30,h92,10,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Bulbs used as condiments.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10"
2133,141,Allium cernuum Roth,120,Kutenai,30,h92,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Bulbs used as a staple food.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10"
2267,160,Allium sp.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tops and roots eaten raw and fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
2694,183,Amaranthus acanthochiton Sauer,95,Hopi,19,c35,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
4480,344,Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fern.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
4660,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries warmed in grease and eaten.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
4662,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Raw berries mixed with grease, dried or fresh, raw whitefish eggs and eaten.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
4663,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Raw berries mixed with grease, dried or fresh, raw whitefish eggs and stored for later use.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
10018,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Early spring roots eaten raw or cooked with meat.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10019,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, summer stalks eaten like asparagus and greens.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10127,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots 'better for fattening hogs than the best feed.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10130,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw and roasted.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10140,1003,Claytonia multicaulis Nelson,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots 'better for fattening hogs than the best feed.',"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
10141,1003,Claytonia multicaulis Nelson,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,10,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw and roasted.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"
24815,2670,Opuntia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,10,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruits sun dried and used for food.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 10"
24817,2670,Opuntia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits pit baked and eaten.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 10"
29720,3111,Porphyra perforata J. Agardh,200,Pomo,80,g67,10,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Plant made into a cake, cooked in earth oven and stored for winter consumption.","Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 10"
29806,3118,Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht,200,Pomo,80,g67,10,1,Food,,,Cooked stalks used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 10"
29808,3118,Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht,200,Pomo,80,g67,10,1,Food,,,Raw stalks chewed like sugar cane.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 10"
36036,3545,Salix pulchra Cham.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,10,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves used to make tea.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10"
36037,3545,Salix pulchra Cham.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,10,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried leaves used in soups.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10"
36038,3545,Salix pulchra Cham.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,10,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens in fresh salads.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10"
36039,3545,Salix pulchra Cham.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,10,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Leaves preserved in seal or fish oil or canned for winter use and eaten with meat or fish.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10"
38878,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,10,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make wine.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 10"
42297,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42298,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42299,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42300,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42301,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42302,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
42303,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved alone or in grease and stored in a birchbark basket in an underground cache.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
43771,4224,Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,10,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Used when agricultural reserves dwindled.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"
43948,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,10,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Pulp cooked to a paste, dried and stored for winter use.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"
43950,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"
43955,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,10,1,Food,,,Greatly sought after and utilized as food.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"
236,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,85,Candy,"Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. The confection was an aid to digestion as well as a delicacy.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
237,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,85,Candy,"Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
238,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,85,Candy,"Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
440,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,86,Spice,"Dried, crushed leaves used to spice stored meat.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
648,34,Acer saccharinum L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
664,34,Acer saccharinum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
665,34,Acer saccharinum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
667,34,Acer saccharinum L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
677,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,61,Dakota,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap formerly used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
752,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and flowers used to make a pleasant tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2255,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used to spice soup made of wheat and marrow.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2275,160,Allium sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,100,1,Food,,,Bulbous roots cooked in pits and used for food.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"
2909,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries dried and stored, some with backfat, for future use.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2911,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries and fat stuffed into an intestine, boiled and eaten like a sausage.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2912,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Crushed berries, animal fat and dried meat used to make pemmican.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2913,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried berries used to make sausages.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2915,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries and red osier dogwood berries used as a favorite snack reserved for men.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2917,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,56,Soup,"Crushed leaves mixed with blood, dried and used to make a rich broth in winter.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2918,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried berries used to make soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2921,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,75,Staple,Berries used as a staple food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2922,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Crushed berries mixed with flour for winter storage.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
3169,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries crushed, dried and used for food.","Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
3170,216,Amelanchier utahensis Koehne,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
11003,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries and saskatoon berries used as a favorite snack reserved for men.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
11368,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries formerly dried and eaten.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
11369,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly eaten fresh.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
12260,1245,Daucus carota L.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,100,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried roots stored for winter use.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"
12261,1245,Daucus carota L.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,100,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Steamed or boiled root used for food.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"
14693,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,100,1,Food,,,"Beechnuts used for food. The hidden stores of the small deer mouse was what the Indians relied upon.  The deer mouse is outdone by no other animal in laying up winter stores.  Its favorite food is the beechnut.  It will lay up, in some safe log or hollow tree, from four to eight quarts, shelled in the most careful manner.  The Indians easily find the stores, when the snow is on the ground, by the refuse on the snow.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 100"
16630,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,100,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried roots stored for winter use.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"
20051,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,100,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Roots mixed with service berries, grease or fat added and boiled into a congealed mass.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"
22877,2447,Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,115,Klamath,66,c97,100,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 100"
26366,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,100,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as a staple food.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 100"
26876,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,1,Food,,,Sap considered edible.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
32394,3285,Quercus rubra L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,100,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Dried, ground acorns used as a flour to make gruel. Hardwood ashes and water furnished the lye for soaking the acorns, to swell them and remove the tannic acid.  A bark bag or reticule served to hold the acorns while they were washed through a series of hot and cold water to remove the lye.  Then they were dried in the sun and became perfectly sweet and palatable.  They were ground on depressions of rocks which served as a mortar with a stone pestle, to a flour, which was cooked as a gruel, sometimes called samp.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 100"
33413,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
36573,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruits dried and eaten.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
36575,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
36892,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
36893,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Berries pounded, dried, soaked in water until jam like, mixed with sugar and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
37792,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries cooked, dried, boiled, drained, crushed and used for food.","Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
37793,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
37794,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,153,k32,100,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries, flour and sugar mixed and eaten as a pudding.","Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
41929,4065,Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung.,95,Hopi,37,w39,100,1,Food,,,Used with sweet corn as food.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 100"
42292,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 100"
562,27,Acer negundo L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
565,27,Acer negundo L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
566,27,Acer negundo L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
568,27,Acer negundo L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
3081,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,101,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries dried whole or mashed, formed into cakes and dried.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101"
3082,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or cooked with salmon.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101"
4430,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,183,Paiute,98,m53,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 101"
4512,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,27,Beverage,Crushed leaves used to make tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4513,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and later soaked with sugar.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4514,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4626,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4652,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,32,tbk80,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and stored for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
5237,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,86,Spice,Crushed leaves mixed with stored meat to maintain a good odor.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
5337,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,85,Candy,Leaves chewed as a confection.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6378,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,56,Soup,Root pieces stored for winter soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6379,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,86,Spice,Plant used to spice soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6380,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,,,Fresh roots used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6462,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,75,Staple,Root considered a staple.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6463,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,,,Roots eaten fresh or boiled in blood or broth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
7848,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,47,Special Food,Bulbs boiled and given in soup on special events.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
11654,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,188,Papago,160,cb42,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit grown for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 101"
11655,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,193,Pima,160,cb42,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit grown for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 101"
11688,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,188,Papago,160,cb42,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit grown for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 101"
11690,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,193,Pima,160,cb42,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit grown for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 101"
11733,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit grown for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 101"
11736,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,193,Pima,160,cb42,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit grown for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 101"
13057,1391,Elymus sp.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,101,1,Food,75,Staple,Grain grounded into a fine powder and used in pinole.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 101"
15674,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh from the vine.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 101"
15675,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,101,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 101"
20726,2231,Lomatium bicolor var. leptocarpum (Torr. & Gray) Schlessman,183,Paiute,153,k32,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 101"
20727,2231,Lomatium bicolor var. leptocarpum (Torr. & Gray) Schlessman,183,Paiute,153,k32,101,1,Food,,,Roots eaten fresh.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 101"
20753,2233,Lomatium canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,183,Paiute,153,k32,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried roots cooked and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 101"
20754,2233,Lomatium canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,183,Paiute,153,k32,101,1,Food,,,Fresh roots cooked and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 101"
20958,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,183,Paiute,153,k32,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 101"
20960,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,183,Paiute,153,k32,101,1,Food,,,Roots eaten fresh.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 101"
21952,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten when nothing else was available.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
26039,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,115,Klamath,66,c97,101,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 101"
26048,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,271,Umatilla,66,c97,101,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 101"
26049,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,272,Ute,66,c97,101,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 101"
26065,2834,Perideridia oregana (S. Wats.) Mathias,115,Klamath,66,c97,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried roots eaten raw.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 101"
26066,2834,Perideridia oregana (S. Wats.) Mathias,183,Paiute,153,k32,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots sun dried and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 101"
26067,2834,Perideridia oregana (S. Wats.) Mathias,183,Paiute,153,k32,101,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or boiled.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 101"
26547,2898,Phoradendron sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,101,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make tea, which may have had a medicinal use.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"
26548,2898,Phoradendron sp.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Ground berries mixed with a small amount of ashes, boiled in a pot and eaten.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"
27360,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried nuts kept alone in sacks or mixed with dried service berries and stored for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27361,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,44,Porridge,Parched seeds pounded in a mortar to make a flour and mixed with water to form a mush.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27362,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,,,"Seeds eaten roasted or raw, but often considered bitter. If too many raw seeds were eaten, it would cause constipation.  Roasted seeds were therefore preferred to raw seeds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27364,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Cooked, crushed seeds mixed with dried berries and preserved for winter use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
31011,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,101,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries mashed, mixed with dried salmon into a pemmican, formed into cakes, dried and stored.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101"
31012,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh or dried.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101"
33874,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,101,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make juice.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 101"
33875,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,101,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Frozen and stored for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 101"
33876,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,101,1,Food,171,Ice Cream,Used with oil and water to make ice cream.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 101"
33877,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,101,1,Food,1,Preserves,Used to make jam or jelly.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 101"
33878,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,101,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used to make syrup.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 101"
33879,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,101,1,Food,,,Eaten fresh or cooked.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 101"
34947,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 101"
34948,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,101,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jams and jellies.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 101"
38128,3703,Sium suave Walt.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,101,1,Food,,,Root used for food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 101"
42333,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,101,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42475,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,84,Haida,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42476,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,92,Hesquiat,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42477,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42478,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
44506,4244,Zea mays L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,101,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Elm bark bags, filled with corn or beans and peas, buried in the ground to keep for the winter.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 101"
44653,4255,Zizania palustris L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Rice gathered and dried for a winter supply of food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 101"
44654,4255,Zizania palustris L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,101,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Wild rice sweetened with maple sugar and used to make pudding.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 101"
44655,4255,Zizania palustris L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,101,1,Food,75,Staple,Rice valuable for cooking with wild fowl or game and maple sugar used to season the mixture.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 101"
2025,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Leaves eaten as a relish.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2026,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,,,Bulbs roasted and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2027,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,,,"Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten.","Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2040,134,Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Leaves eaten as a relish.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2041,134,Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,,,Bulbs roasted and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2042,134,Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,,,"Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten.","Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2207,155,Allium platycaule S. Wats.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Leaves eaten as a relish.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2208,155,Allium platycaule S. Wats.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,,,Bulbs roasted and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2209,155,Allium platycaule S. Wats.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,,,"Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten.","Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
2210,156,Allium pleianthum S. Wats.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Green leaves eaten as a relish.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
4442,340,Arctostaphylos patula Greene,115,Klamath,66,c97,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
4448,340,Arctostaphylos patula Greene,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by bears and deer.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
4653,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried berries used in soups.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
4970,386,Artemisia biennis Willd.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,102,1,Food,5,Forage,Plants eaten by turkeys.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 102"
7739,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,,,Bulbs skinned and eaten fresh in spring.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
7879,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Roots cooked overnight, dried and used for food.","Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
7881,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,,,Roots cooked overnight and eaten.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
8593,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8617,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8620,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8622,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8624,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
9264,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,,,Fresh roots used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
10000,971,Cirsium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,,,Flower head pedicels eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
10825,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,102,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries used as a nibble food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 102"
10850,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh and raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
10984,1101,Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
11002,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten ripe.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
11335,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries used for food. Certain conditions had to be met before the berries were eaten.  Otherwise, they would cause stomach cramps.  The procedure was to offer the tree a gift, for boys a little bow and arrow made from the thorns, for girls a pair of miniature moccasins fashioned from the leaves.  In return, the tree would not allow its berries to 'bite' the stomach.  The gifts were placed on the tree and the berries collected.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
12967,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,85,Candy,"Peeled berries mixed with grease, stored in a cool place and eaten as a confection.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
12968,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Peeled berries used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
12969,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,56,Soup,Peeled berries used to make soups and broths.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
13101,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,193,Pima,11,c49,102,1,Food,85,Candy,Resin used as a primitive chewing gum.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102"
14338,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,56,Soup,Bulbs eaten with soup.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
14339,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
15036,1641,Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
15369,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,56,Soup,Bulbs eaten with soup.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
15370,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
15558,1699,Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 102"
15576,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,102,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries used as a nibble food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 102"
16845,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,115,Klamath,66,c97,102,1,Food,,,Young shoots used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
19837,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and twigs used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
20045,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,179,"Oregon Indian, Warm Springs",153,k32,102,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
20046,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
20047,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,,,Roots boiled 'like macaroni.',"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
20747,2233,Lomatium canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,115,Klamath,66,c97,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried roots used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
20748,2233,Lomatium canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,115,Klamath,66,c97,102,1,Food,44,Porridge,Mashed and boiled roots made into mush.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
20749,2233,Lomatium canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,146,Modoc,66,c97,102,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
21857,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
27478,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Needles used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27479,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs with needles attached used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27480,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,85,Candy,Young shoots of branches chewed for the honey.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27481,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue dried for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27482,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,,,Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27794,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,1,Food,101,Baby Food,Nuts used as one of the few foods fed to babies instead of a natural milk diet.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27795,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground nuts mixed with water and used as a drink.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27796,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Cooked, unshelled nuts stored for future use.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
27797,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Roasted, shelled nuts eaten whole or ground and made into mush.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28084,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,1,Food,101,Baby Food,Nuts used as one of the few foods fed to babies instead of a natural milk diet.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28085,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground nuts mixed with water and used as a drink.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28086,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Cooked, unshelled nuts stored for future use.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28087,2972,Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,102,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Roasted, shelled nuts eaten whole or ground and made into mush.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
29926,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
32839,3337,Rhododendron albiflorum Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
33414,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw. Only currants from the bushes growing along the Columbia River were eaten.  Berries from bushes growing in the hills were not eaten because it was thought that they caused headaches, nose bleeds and sore eyes.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
33665,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
34855,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
34943,3469,Rubus sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries eaten dried.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
34944,3469,Rubus sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or dried.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
34945,3469,Rubus sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
35013,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 102"
36589,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
38136,3703,Sium suave Walt.,115,Klamath,66,c97,102,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Herbage eaten as a relish.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
40679,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,102,1,Food,,,Rhizomes cooked with riceroot and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 102"
40798,4032,Triteleia hyacinthina (Lindl.) Greene,183,Paiute,153,k32,102,1,Food,,,Bulbs roasted and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"
41991,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
41992,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by domestic sheep.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
41993,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
41994,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,102,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
41995,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
41996,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries sometimes canned.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42073,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries eaten dried.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42074,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42075,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries canned or refrigerated for future use.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42194,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries eaten dried.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42195,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42196,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,183,Paiute,98,m53,102,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries canned or refrigerated for future use.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
42392,4087,Vaccinium sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries eaten sun dried.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
42393,4087,Vaccinium sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
43397,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,61,Dakota,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43398,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,61,Dakota,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43402,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43403,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43404,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh sap used as grape juice.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43405,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43406,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43407,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43408,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43409,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,280,Winnebago,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43410,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,280,Winnebago,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43483,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43484,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43517,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43519,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43520,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh sap used as grape juice.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43521,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43522,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43523,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43524,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43527,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43528,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
3706,289,Apios americana Medik.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Wild potato was appreciated.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 103"
6963,543,Balsamorhiza ?terebinthacea (Hook.) Nutt. (pro sp.)  [deltoidea ? hookeri],183,Paiute,153,k32,103,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried roots eaten raw.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103"
6964,544,Balsamorhiza ?terebinthacea (Hook.) Nutt. (pro sp.) [deltoidea ? hookeri],183,Paiute,153,k32,103,1,Food,,,"Fresh roots roasted, ground and pounded or eaten raw.","Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103"
8369,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,103,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Hickory nuts gathered for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 103"
9989,967,Cirsium pastoris J.T. Howell,183,Paiute,153,k32,103,1,Food,,,Stems peeled and eaten raw.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103"
10014,972,Cirsium tioganum var. tioganum,183,Paiute,153,k32,103,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or roasted.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103"
10979,1101,Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 103"
11372,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries boiled, dried and stored.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
11373,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
11399,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Whole berries eaten fresh or mashed in a mortar.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
11462,1137,Crepis occidentalis Nutt.,183,Paiute,153,k32,103,1,Food,,,Leaves eaten raw.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103"
14398,1571,Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,85,Candy,Fruit eaten as a confection.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
15852,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves kept in food storage bags to mask the spoiling of the contents.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
16620,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,1,Food,85,Candy,Inner pulp of stalks used as chewing gum.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
16621,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,1,Food,85,Candy,Petals used by children as chewing gum.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
16622,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground into meal and used as food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
16623,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,103,1,Food,,,Seeds eaten raw or roasted.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
16632,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,,,Stems eaten raw.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
16789,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Stem pieces dipped in blood, stored and used to make soup and broths.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
16791,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plant stems peeled and eaten like celery.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
17919,1996,Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata,115,Klamath,66,c97,103,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Nectar sucked from flowers by children.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 103"
18227,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,103,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Butternuts gathered for their edible quality and furnished a winter supply of food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 103"
20295,2188,Lilium philadelphicum L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,56,Soup,Bulbs eaten with soup.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
20296,2188,Lilium philadelphicum L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
21060,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,,,Flowers used to make pemmican.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
22599,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried plant used to make tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
22601,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,86,Spice,Dried plant used to spice pemmican and soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
22734,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,153,k32,103,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves used to make a tea.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103"
24774,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berry pits roasted, after spines burned off and removed, and used for food.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
24995,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,85,Candy,"Root chewed, especially during the winter, as a confection.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
26004,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Roots eaten as snacks by children while playing on the prairie.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
26005,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,56,Soup,Roots stored for use in soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
26006,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,75,Staple,Root considered a staple.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
26007,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,,,Roots eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
26210,2842,Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,,,Petioles eaten raw after removal of integumental fibers.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
26298,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds cooked, mixed with corn bread paste and again cooked in the making of the bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26299,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seed pods boiled, dried in evaporating baskets or on flat boards and stored away in bags or barrels.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26300,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Beans boiled with green sweet corn, meat and seasoned with salt, pepper and butter or fat.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26301,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Dried seed pods soaked, boiled, seasoning and butter added and eaten as a soup.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26302,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Ripe seeds boiled with beef or venison, mashed until thoroughly mixed and eaten as soup.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26303,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,Seed pods cooked and used to make soup.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26304,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Seeds washed with hot water, cooked until soft and sugar added to make a sweet soup.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26305,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seed pods cooked and eaten whole or cooked with butter, squash or meat.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26306,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seeds boiled or fried in bear or sunflower oil, seasoned and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26307,2870,Phaseolus coccineus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds cooked 'like potatoes' and mashed or pounded.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26315,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds cooked, mixed with corn bread paste and again cooked in the making of the bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26316,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seed pods boiled, dried in evaporating baskets or on flat boards and stored away in bags or barrels.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26317,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Beans boiled with green sweet corn, meat and seasoned with salt, pepper and butter or fat.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26318,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Dried seed pods soaked, boiled, seasoning and butter added and eaten as a soup.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26319,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Ripe seeds boiled with beef or venison, mashed until thoroughly mixed and eaten as soup.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26320,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,Seed pods cooked and used to make soup.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26321,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Seeds washed with hot water, cooked until soft and sugar added to make a sweet soup.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26322,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seed pods cooked and eaten whole or cooked with butter, squash or meat.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26323,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seeds boiled or fried in bear or sunflower oil, seasoned and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26324,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds cooked 'like potatoes' and mashed or pounded.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26341,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds cooked, mixed with corn bread paste and again cooked in the making of the bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26342,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seed pods boiled, dried in evaporating baskets or on flat boards and stored away in bags or barrels.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26343,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Beans boiled with green sweet corn, meat and seasoned with salt, pepper and butter or fat.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26344,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Dried seed pods soaked, boiled, seasoning and butter added and eaten as a soup.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26345,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Ripe seeds boiled with beef or venison, mashed until thoroughly mixed and eaten as soup.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26346,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,Seed pods cooked and used to make soup.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26347,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Seeds washed with hot water, cooked until soft and sugar added to make a sweet soup.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26348,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seed pods cooked and eaten whole or cooked with butter, squash or meat.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26349,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Seeds boiled or fried in bear or sunflower oil, seasoned and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
26350,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds cooked 'like potatoes' and mashed or pounded.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"
28029,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,,,"Cambium layer eaten raw. This was an important food.  The bark was removed in sections with the aid of wooden wedges.  Sap scrapers were made from the rib of the deer by cutting it to an appropriate length, sharpening the edges and rounding the working end.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
33388,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with salal berries, oolichan grease and sugar and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 103"
33743,3396,Ribes sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw. Only currants found south of the Columbia were eaten raw without ill results.  Those found on the north side were eaten only if mixed with other foods.  Otherwise illness resulted.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
33744,3396,Ribes sp.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh or dried berries sweetened with service berries in water and whipped to a froth.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"
34119,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,183,Paiute,153,k32,103,1,Food,,,Haws pounded with deer tallow and eaten.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103"
34333,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,103,1,Food,41,Dessert,Berries used to make traditional dessert.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 103"
34334,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 103"
34335,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,103,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries mixed with salmonberries and stored in a barrel for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 103"
37555,3615,Scorzonella sp.,183,Paiute,153,k32,103,1,Food,,,Roots roasted and used for food.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103"
37862,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,103,1,Food,171,Ice Cream,Berries whipped in small amounts of water and eaten as 'Indian ice cream' at large feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 103"
42059,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,115,Klamath,66,c97,103,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Dried berries stored for winter use.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 103"
42068,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,103,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries dried, boiled and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 103"
42069,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 103"
42070,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,103,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 103"
42099,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit gathered to eat and sell. Blueberries were probably the most highly regarded wild plant food in the study area.  They were locally abundant and individuals and families from bands not in the vicinity of good blueberry fields travelled considerable distances in order to pick berries for themselves and to sell.  During the course of field studies members of the River Desert band travelled northwest of their area ninety miles and more.  Members of the Weymontaching Cree band were met near Clova in the Obedjiwan band area.  They had travelled to this location by train in order to pick blueberries and meet with relatives.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 103"
42246,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit cooked and used for food.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 103"
42247,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 103"
42334,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,183,Paiute,98,m53,103,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries eaten dried.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 103"
42335,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,183,Paiute,98,m53,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 103"
42367,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,115,Klamath,66,c97,103,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 103"
42368,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,115,Klamath,66,c97,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 103"
42533,4094,Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,183,Paiute,153,k32,103,1,Food,,,Roots cooked overnight and eaten.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103"
44390,4244,Zea mays L.,89,Havasupai,164,spier28,103,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Seeds used to make wafer bread.,"Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 103"
2068,138,Allium canadense L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,104,1,Food,56,Soup,"Very strong flavor of this plant, a valuable wild food, used in soup.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 104"
2297,163,Allium tricoccum Ait.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,104,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Large, wild onion used for food.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 104"
4608,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,5,Forage,Fruits eaten by grouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4609,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits formerly eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
11283,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,1,Food,,,Nut meat eaten whole or pulverized before use.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
11284,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,1,Food,,,Nuts stored without removing the shells.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
12046,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves mixed with dried meat as a deodorant and spice.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
13599,1449,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. consimilis var. oreophila (A. Nels.) Nesom & Baird,183,Paiute,153,k32,104,1,Food,85,Candy,Roots chewed until gummy as a 'chewing gum.',"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 104"
15658,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries mashed, dried into rectangular cakes, soaked, boiled and eaten in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15659,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15660,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15662,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15663,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,86,Spice,Branches and leaves used in steam cooking pits to flavor the cooking food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15664,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Leaves chewed by those lost in the bushes to alleviate hunger.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
16631,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,1,Food,,,"Seeds parched until brown, pulverized and eaten.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
16633,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Seeds parched until brown, pulverized and stored in salmon skins.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
21119,2260,Lonicera conjugialis Kellogg,115,Klamath,66,c97,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104"
22670,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,104,1,Food,27,Beverage,Herbage used for tea.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104"
22757,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves and stems boiled, liquid strained and drunk.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
24671,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,61,Dakota,17,g19,104,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits, with bristles removed, dried for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24673,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,61,Dakota,17,g19,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruits, with bristles removed, eaten fresh and raw or stewed.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24675,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,61,Dakota,17,g19,104,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Stems, with spines removed, roasted during food scarcities.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24685,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,104,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits, with bristles removed, dried for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24686,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruits, with bristles removed, eaten fresh and raw or stewed.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24687,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,104,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Stems, with spines removed, roasted during food scarcities.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
25714,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Peeled roots dried and added to winter supplies.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
25715,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,,,Peeled roots eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
26364,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,104,1,Food,31,Vegetable,A great number of varieties of beans were used.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 104"
27392,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch chewed like gum.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
28030,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,1,Food,,,Pine nuts eaten without special preparation.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
28054,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds and whitebark pine seeds placed in a bag, pounded into a powder, mixed with water and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
29577,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Cambium used as a snack food by children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
29578,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,47,Special Food,Bark sucked by anyone observing a liquid taboo.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
29579,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,,,Cambium used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30715,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice given as a special drink to husbands or the favorite child.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30716,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries greased, sun dried and stored for future use.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30717,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Crushed berries, mixed with backfat and used to make pemmican.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30718,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,56,Soup,"Crushed berries, mixed with backfat and used to make soup.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30720,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,86,Spice,Peeled sticks inserted into roasting meat as a spice.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30721,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,75,Staple,Berries considered a staple.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
31010,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,104,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branches used to make a beverage.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104"
33488,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 104"
33647,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
33648,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,56,Soup,Berries added to soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
36533,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,115,Klamath,66,c97,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104"
41956,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries canned, fruit pemmican and pate.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
41957,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
41958,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries used to make pies, cobblers and upside down cakes.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
41959,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into preserves and butter.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
42012,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries canned, fruit pemmican and pate.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
42013,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
42014,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries used to make pies, cobblers and upside down cakes.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
42015,4074,Vaccinium corymbosum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,104,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into preserves and butter.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"
42260,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,41,Dessert,Berries whipped with frozen fish eggs and eaten as a frozen dessert.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42261,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,41,Dessert,Raw berries mashed with canned milk and seal oil into a dessert.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42262,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries cooked with fish eggs, fish (whitefish, sheefish or pike), blubber and eaten.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42263,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour into a pudding.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42264,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries boiled with dried fruit & eaten with meat or used as topping for ice cream, yogurt or cake.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42265,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour and eaten with meats.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42266,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour into a topping for hotcakes or bread.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42267,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Whole or mashed berries used cooked or raw, whipped with fat and made into a sauce.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42268,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,104,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Berries boiled, cooled, blackberries or blueberries added and stored for winter use.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104"
42523,4094,Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,115,Klamath,66,c97,104,1,Food,,,"Steamed, cooked roots used for food.","Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104"
847,38,Achillea millefolium L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,105,1,Food,83,Preservative,"Stem, leaf and flower placed inside fish cavity as a preservative.","Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"
6239,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,105,1,Food,85,Candy,Dried sap chewed as gum.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 105"
6516,484,Astragalus miser Dougl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
19559,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,105,1,Food,,,Gum collected on stump of a burned or fallen larch and used for food.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 105"
21359,2305,Lupinus sericeus Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant considered the marmot's favorite food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
21387,2308,Lupinus sulphureus Dougl. ex Hook.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant considered the marmot's favorite food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
21392,2310,Lupinus wyethii S. Wats.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant considered the marmot's favorite food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
22043,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten, but the preparation as a food was not discovered.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 105"
22539,2428,Medicago sativa L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,1,Food,86,Spice,Plants placed above and below black tree lichen and camas in cooking pits for the sweet flavor.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
23371,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,105,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves and stems boiled, liquid strained and used as a hot or cold beverage.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 105"
23618,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,105,1,Food,,,Seeds gathered and roasted like chestnuts.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 105"
23619,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,105,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Roots gathered, cut and strung for winter use.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 105"
26331,2872,Phaseolus sp.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
28632,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,105,1,Food,,,Roots roasted and eaten.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"
28656,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,193,Pima,11,c49,105,1,Food,5,Forage,"Plants browsed by deer, horses and cattle.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 105"
33598,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 105"
33754,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,105,1,Food,41,Dessert,Berries mixed with other berries and used to make traditional dessert.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 105"
33755,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or cooked.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 105"
33756,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,105,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries mixed with rosehips and highbush cranberries and boiled into a catsup or syrup.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 105"
34148,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Crushed rose hips used to make pemmican.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
34779,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe fruit used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
36131,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,,,Peeled galls used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
36132,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,,,Scraped cambium eaten especially by children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
37650,3638,Selaginella densa Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,86,Spice,Dried plant used to spice meat.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
37651,3638,Selaginella densa Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Very bitter berries eaten only through necessity and never stored.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
37810,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Bitter berries eaten in lean times.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
39724,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,86,Spice,"Fruit used to spice pemmican, dried meat and broths.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
42031,4076,Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 105"
42248,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 105"
42305,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,105,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make a very superior jelly.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 105"
42369,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
42651,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,56,Soup,Leaves used to make soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
6835,545,Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt.,115,Klamath,66,c97,106,1,Food,,,"Roasted, ground seeds used for food.","Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 106"
6884,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,115,Klamath,66,c97,106,1,Food,,,"Roasted, ground seeds used for food.","Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 106"
7983,724,Capsicum annuum L.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,,,Cultivated and eaten almost daily or sometimes at more than one meal per day.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
9334,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,106,1,Food,,,Young shoots eaten as a spring food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
10090,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,,,Cultivated watermelons used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
11568,1157,Cucumis melo L.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,,,Cultivated cantaloupes used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
11656,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,,,Cultivated pumpkins used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
11692,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,,,Cultivated pumpkins used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
19832,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,106,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried plant used to make a hot tea beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
21778,2362,Madia glomerata Hook.,115,Klamath,66,c97,106,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 106"
25146,2708,Oxalis montana Raf.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,106,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Plant gathered, cooked and sugar added to make a dessert.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 106"
26290,2867,Phaseolus acutifolius Gray,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cultivated beans used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
26365,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cultivated beans used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
28329,2987,Pisum sativum L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,106,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
33347,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,106,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Dried berries mixed with other berries and made into cakes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
33348,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,106,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and stored for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
33349,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
37773,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,61,Dakota,17,g19,106,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37774,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,61,Dakota,17,g19,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37789,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,106,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37790,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37797,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,106,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37798,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37799,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,106,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37800,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37804,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,106,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37805,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
38366,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cultivated potatoes used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
38505,3754,Sonchus asper (L.) Hill,193,Pima,11,c49,106,1,Food,,,Stalks peeled and eaten raw like celery.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38506,3754,Sonchus asper (L.) Hill,193,Pima,11,c49,106,1,Food,,,Tender leaves rubbed between the palms and eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38507,3754,Sonchus asper (L.) Hill,193,Pima,11,c49,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tender leaves cooked as greens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38517,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,193,Pima,11,c49,106,1,Food,,,Leaves and stems rubbed between the palms of the hands and eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38519,3755,Sonchus oleraceus L.,283,Yaqui,11,c49,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tender, young leaves boiled in salted water with chile and eaten as greens.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 106"
38603,3768,Spartina alterniflora Loisel.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,106,1,Food,5,Forage,Used as forage.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 106"
40829,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,75,Staple,"Corn and wheat, the most important foods, used for food.","White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
43045,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make juice.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
43046,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,41,Dessert,Berries mixed with other berries and used to make traditional dessert.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
43047,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and stored for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
43048,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
43049,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,171,Ice Cream,"Berries, oil and water used to make ice cream.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
43050,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam or jelly.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
43051,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,106,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries used to make catsup, syrup, juice, jam or jelly.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106"
43212,4141,Vicia faba L.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cultivated beans used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
44511,4244,Zea mays L.,234,Sia,159,w62,106,1,Food,75,Staple,"Corn and wheat, the most important foods, used for food.","White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"
2745,188,Amaranthus cruentus L.,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
2746,188,Amaranthus cruentus L.,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
3065,205,Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 107"
3152,215,Amelanchier stolonifera Wieg.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
3153,215,Amelanchier stolonifera Wieg.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries relished as a fresh food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
3154,215,Amelanchier stolonifera Wieg.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries dried and canned for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
10339,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
10340,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked as greens.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
11347,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten by deer, bears and sometimes the Indians.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
14902,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sometimes dried for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
14903,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries sometimes dried and at other times preserved for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
22735,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,183,Paiute,98,m53,107,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried leaves made into tea.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 107"
24639,2655,Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) Parfitt & Pinkava,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,,,Roasted in damp sand and eaten with chili.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
24980,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,1,Food,50,Fodder,Root used to attract horses and catch them. The horses were very fond of the root and would come running if people whistled for them holding the roots in their hands and then could easily be caught.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
24982,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,107,1,Food,50,Fodder,Root used to attract horses and catch them. The horses were very fond of the root and would come running if people whistled for them holding the roots in their hands and then could easily be caught.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
25507,2748,Parmelia physodes (L.) Ack.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,56,Soup,"Vegetable soup material cooked into a soup, swelled and afforded a pleasant flavor.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
25508,2748,Parmelia physodes (L.) Ack.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Vegetable soup material cooked into a soup, swelled and afforded a pleasant flavor.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
26565,2900,Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) Robertson & Phipps,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
27674,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,,,"Nuts gathered in considerable quantities, roasted and used for food.","White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
29888,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
29890,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,188,Papago,11,c49,107,1,Food,,,Young pods used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29907,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,188,Papago,11,c49,107,1,Food,,,Young pods used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29911,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,193,Pima,11,c49,107,1,Food,,,"Seeds dried, cracked and eaten like pine nuts.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
30013,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms used to make tea.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30014,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pod meal and water used to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30015,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pods crushed into a pulpy juice and used to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30016,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Pod meal and water used to make cakes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30017,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,44,Porridge,Pod meal and water used to make mush.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30018,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,75,Staple,Pods dried and ground into a meal.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30019,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,,,Pods eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30020,3155,Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,107,1,Food,,,Roasted blossoms stored in pottery vessels and cooked in boiling water when needed.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"
30563,3176,Prunus pumila var. susquehanae (hort. ex Willd.) Jaeger,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,107,1,Food,27,Beverage,Cherries used to improve the flavor of whisky.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
31220,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Wild sugar gathered and eaten whenever possible.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
33408,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by grouse and pheasant.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
33409,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
33660,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries, alone or mixed with other berries, used to make cakes.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
33661,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
33662,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten green.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
33663,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,107,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
34473,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,107,1,Food,41,Dessert,Berries used to make traditional dessert.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 107"
35200,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,107,1,Food,,,"Stems, leaves, sprouts and shoots eaten with sugar and grease.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 107"
35207,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,107,1,Food,,,"Stems, leaves, sprouts and shoots used for food.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 107"
38289,3721,Solanum fendleri Gray ex Torr.,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes eaten raw or cooked with clay to counteract the astringency.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
38302,3722,Solanum jamesii Torr.,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes eaten raw or cooked with clay to counteract the astringency.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
41977,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries cooked in muffins.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41978,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41979,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,Berries used as a fair source of vitamin C.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41980,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,Berries used as a fair source of vitamin C.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41981,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41982,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen or canned for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41983,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41984,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raws.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41985,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries cooked in pies and puddings.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41986,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41987,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries frozen or canned for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
41988,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries frozen or canned for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42042,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries cooked in muffins.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42043,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,Berries used as a fair source of vitamin C.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42044,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42045,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42046,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries cooked in pies and puddings.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42047,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries frozen or canned for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42139,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries cooked in muffins.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42140,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42141,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,Berries used as a fair source of vitamin C.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42142,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,Berries used as a fair source of vitamin C.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42143,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42144,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen or canned for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42145,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42146,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42147,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries cooked in pies and puddings.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42148,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42149,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries frozen or canned for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42150,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries frozen or canned for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42185,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits mashed, poured into rectangular frames to dry, soaked, boiled and eaten in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
42186,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
42188,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,1,Food,47,Special Food,Fruits eaten at impromptu village feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
42189,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,1,Food,47,Special Food,Fruits eaten at impromptu village feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
42332,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,1,Food,47,Special Food,Fruits eaten at impromptu village feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
42398,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries cooked in muffins.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42399,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,Berries used as a fair source of vitamin C.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42400,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42401,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42402,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries cooked in pies and puddings.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
42403,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,107,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries frozen or canned for winter use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107"
43117,4133,Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 107"
43139,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 107"
43140,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,107,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into preserves.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 107"
43939,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
4331,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries, other berries and sugar cooked and eaten.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 108"
14629,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,108,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 108"
14843,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14844,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14899,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14900,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
15017,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
15018,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
25154,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,108,1,Food,163,Sour,Flowering plant leaves and stem chewed for the sour taste.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 108"
30513,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries eaten as the women worked making baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 108"
30662,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,108,1,Food,27,Beverage,Cherries mostly used in wine or whisky.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 108"
30663,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 108"
30854,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherry used for food and for seasoning or flavoring wine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 108"
34264,3435,Rosa woodsii var. ultramontana (S. Wats.) Jepson,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,108,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Pips eaten in times of famine.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 108"
34327,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Blackberries only used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 108"
35856,3530,Salix gooddingii Ball,193,Pima,11,c49,108,1,Food,,,Catkins eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
42184,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,108,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits formerly mashed, poured into rectangular frames to dry, soaked, boiled and eaten in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
42187,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
42227,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
42228,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,108,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
4479,344,Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fern.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,109,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries and salmonberries stored in barrels for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 109"
6316,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6321,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6323,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6329,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
14845,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 109"
22265,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit boiled and stored under grease in special boxes for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 109"
22266,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Overripe fruit cooked with sugar and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 109"
22712,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
22756,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,225,Sanpoil,32,tbk80,109,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
23363,2513,Monardella odoratissima Benth.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,109,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and stems used to make a hot or cold tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
29487,3102,Populus fremontii S. Wats.,193,Pima,11,c49,109,1,Food,85,Candy,"Young, green pods chewed as gum.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109"
33463,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 109"
33464,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,109,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jams and jellies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 109"
34565,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries, a favorite article of food, eaten fresh.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 109"
34566,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,109,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Berries, a favorite article of food, made into jams and jellies.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 109"
39402,3896,Taraxacum sp.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for greens.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 109"
42287,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly eaten in fall.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
42329,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries mashed, poured into frames, dried into cakes, soaked, boiled and eaten with oil or syrup.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
42330,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
42331,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
42434,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,109,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries mixed with rose hip pulp and sugar to make jam.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 109"
42435,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,109,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries cooked as a sauce.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 109"
42436,4089,Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,109,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries stored for future use.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 109"
1134,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
3128,212,Amelanchier pallida Greene,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten sparingly while fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
3231,232,Amsinckia tessellata Gray,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves bruised by rubbing between the hands and eaten with salt.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
3517,265,Angelica lucida L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,11,1,Food,,,Young stems and tender stalks of young leaves peeled and the juicy inside eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 11"
3518,265,Angelica lucida L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,11,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked as a green vegetable or boiled with fish.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 11"
4385,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries used to make a beverage. Berries were covered with a thin layer of dirt and sifted in a yaduci so that the dirt fell through. Then they were sprinkled with water, kneaded with the hands, mashed and soaked 'in the sun' for about a half day.  The yaduci was used as a sieve to remove the berry pulp from the infusion which could be drunk thus or mixed with chia.  Water could be drained through the berry pulp a second time.  The liquid was said to be sweet and fattening.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
4386,336,Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
6763,528,Avena fatua L.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,1,Food,,,"Parched, pounded seeds used for food.","Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
6765,528,Avena fatua L.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Seeds stored for later use.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
6770,529,Avena sativa L.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,1,Food,,,Seeds parched in a circular coiled basket and used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
8187,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 11"
8189,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,11,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 11"
11392,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
11393,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit mixed with choke cherries and service berries pressed into cakes and dried for winter use.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
12978,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
14342,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,1,Food,,,Bulb-like roots used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
18706,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,1,Food,,,Berry-like cones eaten roasted or boiled.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
18707,2058,Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,11,1,Food,,,Pinyon nuts used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
20091,2161,Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,11,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
22549,2431,Melica bulbosa Geyer ex Porter & Coult.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,1,Food,44,Porridge,Raw roots pounded like pinole.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
22550,2431,Melica bulbosa Geyer ex Porter & Coult.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,1,Food,,,Raw roots used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
27773,2964,Pinus lambertiana Dougl.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,1,Food,,,Nuts used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
27774,2964,Pinus lambertiana Dougl.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,1,Food,,,Pitch used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
32523,3292,Quercus turbinella Greene,97,Hualapai,127,w82,11,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Acorns used to make bread.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 11"
32524,3292,Quercus turbinella Greene,97,Hualapai,127,w82,11,1,Food,56,Soup,Acorns used to make stew.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 11"
32525,3292,Quercus turbinella Greene,97,Hualapai,127,w82,11,1,Food,,,Acorns roasted like pinons.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 11"
33522,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Currants mixed with moose grease and dried whitefish eggs and eaten.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
33523,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,1,Preserves,Currants used to make jam.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
33768,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
38881,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 11"
38884,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,189,Papago and Pima,151,cb37,11,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 11"
43073,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43074,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43075,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43076,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43079,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43080,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43081,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,11,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved alone or in grease and stored in a birchbark basket in an underground cache.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"
43941,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried fruit pulp boiled in water and drunk.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
43942,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Pulp mixed with chokecherries and made into cake.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
43946,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Partially ripened fruits gathered, cooked, the pulp dried and stored for winter use.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
43947,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Pulp cooked to a paste and dried for winter use.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
43949,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Rind dried and eaten without cooking.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
44289,4238,Yucca whipplei Torr.,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,11,1,Food,,,Stalks used for food in late winter and early spring.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 11"
4790,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,110,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 110"
9302,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by horses and deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
14949,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,110,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 110"
22314,2394,Malus pumila P. Mill.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,110,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 110"
23684,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,110,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by skunks.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
40673,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,110,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Rhizomes steam cooked, dried, re-steamed, dipped in oil and eaten in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
40675,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,110,1,Food,,,"Rhizomes steam cooked, cooled and eaten immediately.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
11680,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,136,Maricopa,125,cb51,111,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit cut spirally into strips, dried and stored.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 111"
11681,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,136,Maricopa,125,cb51,111,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit peeled, cut spirally into strips, dried and stored.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 111"
11682,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,136,Maricopa,125,cb51,111,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits cut into pieces and boiled with mesquite pods.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 111"
11683,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,136,Maricopa,125,cb51,111,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Pumpkin eaten as a cooked, mushy vegetable.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 111"
11693,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,288,Yuma,125,cb51,111,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seed sun dried, parched, cracked and the meat eaten.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 111"
20551,2214,Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.,177,Omaha,17,g19,111,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,"Flowers chewed with gum by children, to color it yellow.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
20552,2214,Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.,177,Omaha,17,g19,111,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,"Root chewed with gum by children, to color it red.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
20553,2214,Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.,205,Ponca,17,g19,111,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,"Flowers chewed with gum by children, to color it yellow.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
20554,2214,Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.,205,Ponca,17,g19,111,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,"Root chewed with gum by children, to color it red.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
21788,2364,Madia sativa Molina,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,111,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds used to make pinole.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 111"
30693,3178,Prunus sp.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,111,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 111"
34557,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,111,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 111"
36574,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,183,Paiute,98,m53,111,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 111"
37833,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,111,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Berries, water and sugar whipped into a foamy dessert.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 111"
42881,4108,Verbena hastata L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,111,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
43025,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,111,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 111"
43596,4199,Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,111,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground to mix with pinole.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 111"
43597,4199,Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,111,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Seeds dried for winter use.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 111"
21768,2360,Madia elegans D. Don ex Lindl.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,112,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds used to make pinole.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 112"
22637,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22639,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,112,1,Food,86,Spice,Plant used as a flavor in cooking meat.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22641,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,112,1,Food,,,Plant parts packed in alternate layers with dried meat for storage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22722,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22741,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22743,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
22794,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
34659,3458,Rubus leucodermis var. leucodermis,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34832,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fall, brown leaves used to make tea.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34833,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34834,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34835,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,,,Sprouts used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
35604,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,112,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Cooked root, dried, soaked and used with fish for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 112"
35605,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,112,1,Food,,,Cooked roots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 112"
1684,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,61,Dakota,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1685,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,61,Dakota,17,g19,113,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Plant used as a sweetening flavor in cooking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1687,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1688,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Plant used as a sweetening flavor in cooking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1689,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1690,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Plant used as a sweetening flavor in cooking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1691,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1692,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Plant used as a sweetening flavor in cooking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1693,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,280,Winnebago,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1694,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,280,Winnebago,17,g19,113,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Plant used as a sweetening flavor in cooking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
2223,158,Allium schoenoprasum L.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,113,1,Food,,,Bulbs used sparingly.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 113"
10074,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
10075,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Flesh cut into strips, dried and stored away.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
10076,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,47,Special Food,Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
10077,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
10078,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
10131,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,113,1,Food,,,Corms used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 113"
10132,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,113,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Corms stored for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 113"
11557,1157,Cucumis melo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11558,1157,Cucumis melo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Flesh cut into strips, dried and stored away.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11559,1157,Cucumis melo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,47,Special Food,Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11560,1157,Cucumis melo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11561,1157,Cucumis melo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11570,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11571,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Flesh cut into strips, dried and stored away.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11572,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,47,Special Food,Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11573,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11574,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11575,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Fruit preserved in brine made with salt and sheep sorrel.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11644,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11645,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Flesh cut into strips, dried and stored away.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11646,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,47,Special Food,Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11647,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11648,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11675,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11676,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Flesh cut into strips, dried and stored away.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11677,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,47,Special Food,Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11678,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11679,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11712,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Dried flesh pounded, sifted, soaked in cold water, sweetened, grease added and baked into cakes.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11713,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11714,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Flesh cut into strips, dried and stored away.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11715,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Flesh boiled, corn meal and sugar added and eaten as a pudding with sugar and milk.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11716,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Dried flesh pounded into a fine meal or flour, boiled, sweetened, grease added and used as a sauce.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11717,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,47,Special Food,Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11718,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh boiled, baked in ashes or boiled, mashed with butter and sugar and eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11719,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Flesh fried and sweetened or seasoned with salt, pepper and butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
11720,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed & sweetened or boiled with green beans, butter & salt & eaten.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
15417,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,1,Food,56,Soup,Flower heads used to absorb soups and broth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
19890,2123,Ledum ?columbianum Piper (pro sp.)  [glandulosum ? groenlandicum],202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage tea.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 113"
26669,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,61,Dakota,17,g19,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits, when in sufficient quantity, dried for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26671,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,61,Dakota,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26680,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits, when in sufficient quantity, dried for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26681,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26682,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits, when in sufficient quantity, dried for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26683,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26684,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits, when in sufficient quantity, dried for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26685,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
30706,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits used to make a wine.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 113"
33387,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,113,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Berries boiled, mixed in molasses and eaten as dessert.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 113"
34839,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,113,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 113"
35005,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35006,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35007,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,1,Food,,,Sprouts used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35008,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35172,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,113,1,Food,86,Spice,Used with salt in a brine for cucumbers.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113"
35176,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,113,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 113"
8057,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8058,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8088,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8089,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8096,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8097,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8099,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8125,752,Carex sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,"Leaves eaten by goats, horses and other animals.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
20037,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,114,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots peeled and dried for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
20038,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,114,1,Food,,,Fresh or dried roots steamed or boiled and eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
33259,3355,Rhus typhina L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,114,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries steeped in water, sweetened with sugar and drunk like lemonade.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 114"
33486,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,114,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
4007,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make wine.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 115"
9812,935,Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,115,1,Food,85,Candy,Roots used as chewing gum.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115"
10120,997,Claytonia acutifolia Pallas ex J.A. Schultes,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,115,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten raw or cooked with seal oil.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 115"
13667,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,183,Paiute,98,m53,115,1,Food,85,Candy,Roots used as chewing gum.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115"
16502,1809,Hedysarum alpinum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,115,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Roots frozen for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115"
16503,1809,Hedysarum alpinum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,115,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots, always with some kind of oil, eaten raw or cooked.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115"
16504,1809,Hedysarum alpinum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,115,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Roots stored in buried sacks for winter use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115"
16505,1809,Hedysarum alpinum L.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,115,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Roots stored in seal oil, fish oil or bear fat for winter use.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115"
16995,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries wilted in hot ashes and winnowed in a basket plate.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 115"
36667,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,61,Dakota,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36668,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,61,Dakota,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36741,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36742,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36746,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,190,Pawnee,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36747,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,190,Pawnee,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36757,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36758,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43096,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten from the hand, but not gathered in quantity.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43111,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten from the hand, but not gathered in quantity.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43112,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten from the hand, but not gathered in quantity.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43113,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten from the hand, but not gathered in quantity.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43114,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten from the hand, but not gathered in quantity.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
15575,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,116,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make tea and medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 116"
19765,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,116,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea and medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 116"
29322,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,116,1,Food,,,Cambium used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116"
38582,3763,Sorbus sitchensis var. grayi (Wenzig) C.L. Hitchc.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,116,1,Food,5,Forage,Considered a food for black bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116"
40832,4038,Triticum durum Desf.,193,Pima,160,cb42,116,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 116"
40833,4039,Triticum polonicum L.,193,Pima,160,cb42,116,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 116"
2032,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,,,Bulbs dug in the spring and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2164,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Bulbs dried for winter storage. The dried bulbs were sprinkled with water and became just like fresh bulbs or they were soaked overnight in water.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2165,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Bulbs tied in bundles, partially dried, pit cooked and used for food. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked.  They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across.  They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves.  The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy.  The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat.  It was very important to them for refreshment.  Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2166,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Cooked bulbs considered a delicacy. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked.  They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across.  They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves.  The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy.  The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat.  It was very important to them for refreshment.  Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2804,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
6299,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Tender stems, leaves and immature flower clusters cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
6918,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,117,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice from the stems sucked when thirsty.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117"
6919,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,117,1,Food,85,Candy,Root pitch chewed as gum.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117"
6921,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,117,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Roasted, ground seeds made into flour and used to make mush.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117"
6922,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,117,1,Food,,,Blooming stems peeled and eaten.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117"
6923,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,117,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Roasted, ground seeds made into flour and stored for winter use.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117"
7493,618,Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
7801,685,Caltha palustris L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
9395,894,Chenopodium album L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
10182,1010,Claytonia tuberosa Pallas ex J.A. Schultes,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,117,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,"Green, fresh leaves eaten raw as a source of vitamin C and vitamin A.","Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 117"
10183,1010,Claytonia tuberosa Pallas ex J.A. Schultes,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,117,1,Food,56,Soup,Corms cooked and added to stews.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 117"
10184,1010,Claytonia tuberosa Pallas ex J.A. Schultes,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Basal leaves added to other greens and eaten raw or cooked.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 117"
10185,1010,Claytonia tuberosa Pallas ex J.A. Schultes,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Corms roasted and used for food.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 117"
14842,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
14892,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
15000,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
16612,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,183,Paiute,98,m53,117,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Roasted, ground seeds made into flour and used to make mush.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117"
16614,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,183,Paiute,98,m53,117,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Roasted, ground seeds made into flour and stored for winter use.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117"
17407,1913,Hordeum vulgare L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,117,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 117"
17408,1913,Hordeum vulgare L.,193,Pima,160,cb42,117,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 117"
17542,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young plants or leaves cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
18229,2032,Juglans hindsii (Jepson) Jepson ex R.E. Sm.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,117,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Sweet nut meat dried and stored for later use.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 117"
18230,2032,Juglans hindsii (Jepson) Jepson ex R.E. Sm.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,117,1,Food,,,Sweet nut meat eaten fresh.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 117"
35284,3485,Rumex crispus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves, before the stem appeared, cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
2060,138,Allium canadense L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulb, consisting of the fleshy bases of the leaves, eaten raw.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
2061,138,Allium canadense L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
2211,157,Allium sativum L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs mixed with food and eaten.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
2293,163,Allium tricoccum Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulb, consisting of the fleshy bases of the leaves, eaten raw.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
2294,163,Allium tricoccum Ait.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
4259,327,Arctium lappa L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
4785,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,118,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Long, fleshy roots steam cooked, dipped in oil and eaten fresh like a dessert.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118"
4786,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,118,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Roots steam cooked, dried for winter storage, soaked, briefly steamed and eaten like dessert.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118"
24223,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,118,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits formerly cooked and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118"
24394,2634,Onoclea sensibilis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
25141,2706,Oxalis corniculata L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Eaten raw, sometimes with salt.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
25649,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
25679,2776,Pedicularis lanceolata Michx.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
29772,3116,Portulaca oleracea L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
30058,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pod meal and water used to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30059,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pods crushed into a pulpy juice and used to make a beverage.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30060,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Pod meal and water used to make cakes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30061,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Ripe pods allowed to dry or picked after fully dried and ground into meal.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30062,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,1,Food,75,Staple,Pod meal and water used to make mush.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30063,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,1,Food,75,Staple,Pods used as one of the important food staples.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
30064,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,118,1,Food,75,Staple,Ripe pods allowed to dry or picked after fully dried and ground into meal.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118"
33843,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Eaten raw, sometimes with salt.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
35173,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Eaten raw, sometimes with salt.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
39242,3880,Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves and shoots cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
39366,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
41691,4058,Urtica dioica L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,118,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
620,32,Acer rubrum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
652,34,Acer saccharinum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
687,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
7746,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,119,1,Food,,,"Corms used for food, usually raw, but sometimes cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 119"
7918,704,Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
8671,816,Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,119,1,Food,5,Forage,Buds and branches considered an important food for deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 119"
14193,1537,Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,119,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or boiled.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 119"
14194,1537,Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,119,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Roots stored in seal oil for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 119"
15355,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,119,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Bulbs dried and used in fish and meat stews.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 119"
15356,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,119,1,Food,56,Soup,Bulbs dried and used in fish and meat stews.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 119"
15357,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,4,Alaska Native,132,h53,119,1,Food,75,Staple,Bulbs pounded into a flour.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 119"
28227,2977,Pinus strobus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
30301,3161,Prunus andersonii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30302,3161,Prunus andersonii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruit boiled, sweetened with sugar and used to make jelly.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30337,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30427,3167,Prunus fasciculata (Torr.) Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30430,3168,Prunus fremontii S. Wats.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30433,3170,Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30875,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit sun dried for future use.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30876,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit considered a great delicacy, important food and a highly prized food source.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30877,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
30878,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,119,1,Food,75,Staple,Ground pit used as a meal.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119"
32941,3347,Rhus glabra L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,,,Fresh shoots peeled and eaten raw.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
33341,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
34282,3437,Rubus aculeatissimus,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,,,Fresh shoots peeled and eaten.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
38363,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
41805,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,1,Food,,,Plant fried and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
43499,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,,,Fresh shoots eaten without peeling.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
44411,4244,Zea mays L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stalks cut between the joints and chewed to quench the thirst.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
2182,145,Allium drummondii Regel,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,1,Food,,,Bulbs formerly boiled with meat and used for food.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
2196,149,Allium hyalinum Curran,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,12,1,Food,,,"Leaves, stalks and heads used for food.","Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12"
2197,150,Allium lacunosum S. Wats.,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,12,1,Food,,,"Leaves, stalks and heads used for food.","Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12"
2206,154,Allium peninsulare J.G. Lemmon ex Greene,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,12,1,Food,,,"Leaves, stalks and heads used for food.","Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12"
2236,159,Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,1,Food,,,Bulbs formerly boiled with meat and used for food.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
4528,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with salmon eggs as a palatable and nutritious food.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
4529,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,1,Food,56,Soup,Berries used to make soup.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
7715,673,Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Bulbs dried and used as a winter food.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
7717,673,Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,1,Food,,,Bulbs cooked fresh and used for food.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
7719,673,Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,12,1,Food,,,Young buds used for food.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"
8544,800,Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv.,60,Crow,73,b05,12,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
13083,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13084,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13085,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13086,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13088,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13089,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
13090,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved alone or in grease and stored in a birchbark basket in an underground cache.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
14875,1635,Fragaria sp.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
14876,1635,Fragaria sp.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries dried and stored for winter use.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
15375,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,1,Food,,,Bulb used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16019,1755,Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br.,60,Crow,73,b05,12,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16065,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,12,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16067,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,169,Northwest Indian,73,b05,12,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16569,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,82,Gros Ventre,73,b05,12,1,Food,75,Staple,Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16570,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,82,Gros Ventre,73,b05,12,1,Food,,,Seeds eaten raw.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16588,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,135,Mandan,73,b05,12,1,Food,75,Staple,Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16589,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,135,Mandan,73,b05,12,1,Food,,,Seeds eaten raw.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16628,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,212,Ree,73,b05,12,1,Food,75,Staple,Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
16629,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,212,Ree,73,b05,12,1,Food,,,Seeds eaten raw.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
18575,2056,Juniperus deppeana Steud.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw or boiled and ground.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18576,2056,Juniperus deppeana Steud.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit stored for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
20520,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,1,Food,44,Porridge,Leached acorns used for mush.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
20521,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,1,Food,44,Porridge,Moldy acorns mixed with whitened dried acorns and made into a mush.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
20523,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,1,Food,56,Soup,Leached acorns used for soup.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
20524,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,1,Food,,,"Pulverized, leached acorns used for food.","Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
20766,2234,Lomatium cous (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose,178,Oregon Indian,111,m90,12,1,Food,56,Soup,Roots and fish used to make stew. These roots were eaten at the first feast of the new year.  This was called the Root Feast.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 12"
26371,2874,Phegopteris sp.,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,12,1,Food,,,Roots cooked for food.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 12"
27658,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,1,Food,85,Candy,Resin used for chewing gum.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27659,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Roasted, ground nuts made into butter & spread on corn cakes or mixed with roasted, ground corn.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27660,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Inside bark used as an emergency ration, when food was scarce.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27661,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Nuts gathered and stored for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
27662,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Roasted, ground nuts made into sun dried cakes and stored for winter.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
31853,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,1,Food,,,Acorns used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
32072,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,12,1,Food,56,Soup,Acorns used to make soup.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 12"
32073,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,12,1,Food,,,Acorns roasted and used for food.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 12"
32138,3265,Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,1,Food,,,Acorns used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
32227,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,1,Food,,,Acorns used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
33902,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled into tea.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
33903,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Rose hips eaten raw or cooked with grease and sugar.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
33905,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Rose hips used to make jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
33906,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,,,Raw petals used for food.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
33907,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Leaves dried and saved for later use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34337,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34338,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34339,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34340,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34341,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34342,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34343,3440,Rubus arcticus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved alone or in grease and stored in a birchbark basket in an underground cache.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34399,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34400,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34401,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34402,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34403,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34404,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34405,3445,Rubus chamaemorus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved alone or in grease and stored in a birchbark basket in an underground cache.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34501,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34502,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34503,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34504,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34506,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34507,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam and jelly.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
34508,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,12,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved alone or in grease and stored in a birchbark basket in an underground cache.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12"
37817,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"