id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
149,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,50,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of compound containing bark applied for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
150,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,50,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of compound containing bark applied to boils or ulcers.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
151,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,50,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Poultice of compound containing bark used as a chest plaster for lung hemorrhage.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
265,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for colds.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
266,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
267,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for flu.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
268,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
334,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
335,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Gum or mashed cones applied to cuts and sores, especially gonorrheal sores.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
336,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
337,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Juicy inner bark taken for constipation.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
338,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,18,Other,Gum or mashed cones taken for many serious ailments.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
339,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
340,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Gum or mashed cones taken for gonorrhea and applied to gonorrheal sores.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
341,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for gonorrhea.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
465,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
466,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
806,38,Achillea millefolium L.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,65,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of young plant or root gargled for sore throat.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
2432,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Catkins and shavings eaten raw or decoction taken as a diuretic for gonorrhea.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2433,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Crushed pistillate catkins eaten raw as a laxative.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2434,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,,,Bark and other plants used to make a salve.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
2435,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Catkins and shavings eaten raw or decoction taken as a diuretic for gonorrhea.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2494,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and other maladies.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2495,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Bark used as a purgative.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
2496,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and other maladies.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2497,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bark and root taken in the morning for a cough.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2498,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and other maladies.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2499,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,,,"Infusion of stem bark, not from root, taken for many maladies.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
2674,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,78,Gitksan,14,c93,225,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Pistillate catkins eaten for 'throwing blood out.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 225"
2675,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,78,Gitksan,14,c93,225,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Pistillate catkins crushed and eaten raw as a physic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 225"
2676,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Bark and other plants used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
2677,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,78,Gitksan,14,c93,225,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of pistillate catkins taken for gonorrhea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 225"
3505,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of root taken for headache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
3506,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,61,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Compound decoction of root taken for weak eyes.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
7202,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,154,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
7203,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,154,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark used to make containers and waterproof wrappings.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
7204,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,154,3,Other,145,Lighting,Used to make torches.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
7654,662,Calla palustris L.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of root taken for hemorrhage.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
7655,662,Calla palustris L.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of root taken for 'cleaning the eyes of the blind.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
7656,662,Calla palustris L.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for influenza and hemorrhage.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
7657,662,Calla palustris L.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Decoction of root taken for shortness of breath.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
7658,662,Calla palustris L.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Plant used in a spiritual spring tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
8502,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,"Decoction of entire plant taken for bleeding, stiff lungs.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
8503,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of entire plant taken as a purgative.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
8504,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of seeds taken for coughs.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
8505,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Decoction of entire plant taken as a diuretic.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
8506,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of entire plant taken for sore eyes.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
8507,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Decoction of entire plant taken for lame back, perhaps from kidney trouble.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
8508,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of entire plant taken for lame back, stiff lungs and sore eyes.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
8509,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Decoction of entire plant taken for bleeding, stiff lungs.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
9285,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,78,Gitksan,166,g92,154,1,Food,,,Shoots and stems used for food in summer.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
12338,1269,Descurainia incana ssp. incisa (Engelm.) Kartesz & Gandhi,78,Gitksan,9,s29,57,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Mashed and applied to bad cuts.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 57"
16819,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,25,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of fresh roots used for rheumatism.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"
16820,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,61,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed root applied to rheumatic or other swellings.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
16821,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,61,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed root applied to boils and other swellings.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"
16822,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,25,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Roots, red elder bark and juniper boughs used as a smudge for evil witchcraft victims.","Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"
16823,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,25,1,Food,,,Stalks eaten in spring.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"
16824,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,154,1,Food,,,Stems used for food in spring.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
18474,2054,Juniperus communis L.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,,,Plant used for many medicinal applications.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
18475,2054,Juniperus communis L.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
18546,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,25,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Boughs, red elder bark and cow parsnip roots used for evil witchcraft victims.","Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"
18547,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,25,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Boughs burned as a fumigant to purify dwellings.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"
19089,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Plant used for mouth hemorrhages.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19090,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,49,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Strong decoction of whole plant taken for hemorrhage and kidney trouble.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
19091,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Plant used as a purgative.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19092,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,49,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Strong decoction of whole plant taken as a purgative and diuretic.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
19093,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for cuts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19094,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Plant used as a diuretic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19095,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,49,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Strong decoction of whole plant taken as a diuretic and purgative.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
19096,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for kidney troubles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19097,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,49,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Strong decoction of whole plant used for kidney trouble and hemorrhage.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49"
19098,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Plant used as a strengthener.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19796,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Decoction of leaves used as a diuretic and beverage.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
21164,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,63,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Fresh juice of berries or infusion of inner bark used in sore eyes.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63"
21165,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,229,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Fruit juice used for sore eyes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
21166,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,229,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of inner bark used for sore eyes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
21593,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Compound containing root used as plaster on the chest for lung hemorrhages.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21594,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound containing root used for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21595,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice applied or leaves sat on or lain on in sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21596,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),"Smoke of root inhaled for influenza, rheumatism and bad dreams.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21597,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Simple or compound poultice of mashed root applied for blood poisoning and boils.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21598,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Smoke from burning roots inhaled for influenza and bad dreams.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21599,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21600,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Compound containing root used as plaster on the chest for lung hemorrhages.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
21601,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"52, 53",2,Drug,15,Sedative,"Smoke of root inhaled for bad dreams, influenza and rheumatism.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53"
22074,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),"Decoction of root, a very strong medicine, taken for rheumatism.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
22075,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,"Decoction of root, a very strong medicine, taken as a purgative.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
22076,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed roots bound on cuts.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
22077,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of root taken for sore back and kidney trouble.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
22078,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,78,Gitksan,9,s29,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of roots taken as a very strong medicine for sore back.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 53"
22208,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,60,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of trunk and branch or inner bark taken for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
22209,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,60,2,Drug,246,Dietary Aid,"Decoction of trunk, branches or inner bark taken as a 'fattening medicine.'","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
22210,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,60,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Decoction of trunk and branches or inner bark taken as a laxative and diuretic.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
22211,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,60,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Juice, scraped from peeled trunk, used as an eye medicine.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
22212,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,60,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of trunk and branch or inner bark taken as a laxative and diuretic.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
22213,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,60,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of trunk and branch or inner bark taken for consumption.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
24092,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,78,Gitksan,9,s29,56,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Infusion of toasted root scrapings taken for lung hemorrhages.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56"
24093,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,78,Gitksan,9,s29,56,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of toasted root or decoction of root heart used as a contraceptive.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56"
24094,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,78,Gitksan,9,s29,56,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of root taken for lung hemorrhage.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56"
24423,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,16,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh or dried inner bark used for stomach ulcers and pain.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 16"
24424,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,16,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of dried bark used for stomach pain and ulcers.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 16"
24425,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Poultice of compound containing bark used as a chest plaster for lung hemorrhage.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24426,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Bark and other plants used for arthritis.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24427,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of compound containing bark used for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24428,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Bark and other plants used for cancer.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24429,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Compound decoction taken as a diuretic and purgative for 'strangury.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24430,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of inner bark used for colds.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24431,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of inner bark used for coughs.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24432,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bark and other plants used as a skin wash.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24433,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of compound containing bark applied to boils and ulcers.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24434,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of inner bark applied to wounds.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24435,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Compound decoction taken as a diuretic and purgative for 'strangury.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24436,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Bark used as a 'cleanser.',"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24437,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Bark and other plants used for diabetes.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24438,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of inner bark used for flu.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24439,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction taken to aid the knitting of broken bones.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24440,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound decoction taken continuously for rupture.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24441,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Poultice of compound containing bark used as a chest plaster for lung hemorrhage.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24442,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Bark and other plants used for bronchitis.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24443,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of inner bark used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24444,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Bark and other plants used for tuberculosis.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
24445,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,62,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction taken as a purgative for gonorrhea.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 62"
24446,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Inner bark chewed during pre-hunting purification rituals.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
26936,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for colds.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
26937,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
26938,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for flu.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
26939,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
26940,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,78,Gitksan,166,g92,151,1,Food,,,Cambium eaten fresh.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151"
27166,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"51, 52",2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Compound decoction of twigs with leaves and bark taken for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52"
27167,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"51, 52",2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound containing gum taken before meals for consumption.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52"
27416,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Inner bark eaten as a blood purifier and used as a cathartic.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
27417,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Needles or inner bark eaten or decoction of inner bark taken as a purgative.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
27418,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Needles eaten or decoction of inner bark taken as a purgative and diuretic.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
27419,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of bark used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
27420,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of inner bark taken for consumption and gonorrhea.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
27421,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicines.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
27422,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,"49, 50",2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken for gonorrhea and other 'serious ailments.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"
27423,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,151,1,Food,,,Sap eaten fresh.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151"
29605,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Bark used as a purgative.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
29606,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,54,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of bark taken as a purgative.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
29607,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,54,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed or mashed root bark applied to cuts.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
30491,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicine.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
31605,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,78,Gitksan,9,s29,57,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Plant eaten or decoction of plant taken in sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 57"
31606,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,78,Gitksan,9,s29,57,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Eaten or decoction taken in sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 57"
33554,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,58,2,Drug,,,Decoction of bark used for 'some unspecified malady.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 58"
36782,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of root bark taken as a purgative.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
36783,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Bark used as an emetic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
36784,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of root bark taken as an emetic.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
36785,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,24,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,"Bark, juniper roots and cow parsnip roots used for evil witchcraft victims.","Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 24"
37607,3632,Sedum divergens S. Wats.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,154,1,Food,,,Leaves used for food.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
37839,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,60,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Compound decoction of root taken three times a day for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
37840,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,60,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Decoction of bark, branches and leaves taken for chronic cough.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
37841,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,60,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Decoction of roots, stem and branches used as a wash for gonorrhea.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60"
37842,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,236,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries smoke dried and used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
37843,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,331,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 331"
38587,3764,Sorbus sitchensis var. sitchensis,78,Gitksan,9,s29,59,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Crushed fresh fruit eaten raw as a strong purgative.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59"
39730,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,78,Gitksan,9,s29,57,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root chewed and juice swallowed for headache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 57"
39731,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,78,Gitksan,9,s29,57,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Root chewed and juice swallowed to improve blood circulation.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 57"
39732,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,78,Gitksan,9,s29,57,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Root chewed and juice swallowed for eye trouble.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 57"
39733,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,78,Gitksan,9,s29,57,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Root chewed and juice swallowed for sore legs.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 57"
39734,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,78,Gitksan,9,s29,57,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Root chewed and juice swallowed to loosen phlegm.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 57"
39960,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark strips used for basketry.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39961,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark sheets used for roofing.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
39962,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark strips used for cordage.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
39963,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
39964,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark strips used for mat making.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40956,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Cambium used as a 'cleanser.',"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40957,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Cambium used for the gall bladder.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40958,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,18,Other,Inner bark used for elimination of hard or sharp swallowed objects.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
40959,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,150,1,Food,75,Staple,"Cambium pit cooked, pounded, formed into cakes, dried, stored and eaten as a staple food.","Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 150"
40960,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,150,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Cambium used as a sweetener for other foods.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 150"
40961,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,150,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Inner bark used as a survival food in winter.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 150"
41771,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of plant taken for hemorrhage and many illnesses.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
41772,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,,,Decoction of entire plant taken for many illnesses.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
41773,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,55,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of plant taken for bladder trouble and many illnesses.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"
42664,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Roots used in purification rituals for hunting and trapping.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42665,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,26,2,Drug,18,Other,Smoke used to assist the spirits of sleepwalkers to return to their bodies.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42666,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,26,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Roots burned as a smudge or fumigant to purify houses.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42667,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,26,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Roots grated, added to laundry water and used to purify clothing.","Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42668,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,26,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Root pieces carried as amulets for luck in hunting and gambling.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
42669,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,78,Gitksan,165,ga88,26,3,Other,106,Soap,"Roots grated, added to laundry water and used to cleanse clothing.","Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
43052,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction taken for headache.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43053,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Compound decoction of twigs and bark taken for coughs.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43054,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Compound decoction taken for weak eyes.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"
43055,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,64,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound decoction of twigs and bark taken for consumption.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"