id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
486,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make rope and tumplines.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
786,38,Achillea millefolium L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,49,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a hair wash.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
787,38,Achillea millefolium L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,49,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
1103,45,Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,31,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken for tuberculosis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31"
1486,65,Adenocaulon bicolor Hook.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,48,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to boils.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 48"
2492,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease 'aching bones.',"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2493,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease 'aching bones.',"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
3350,253,Anemone sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,29,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of plants taken for tuberculosis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29"
4277,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,50,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of roots taken for whooping cough.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
6570,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,14,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of stems taken for body pains.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
6571,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,14,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to cover camas while baking.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
10162,1007,Claytonia sibirica L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,29,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Cold infusion of stems used as a hair wash.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29"
10414,1033,Clintonia uniflora (Menzies ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kunth,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,25,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Juice from smashed plants used as a wash for cuts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25"
10415,1033,Clintonia uniflora (Menzies ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kunth,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,25,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Juice from smashed plants used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25"
11265,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Nuts eaten during the winter.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
12701,1338,Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,14,1,Food,,,Rhizomes pit baked overnight and the insides used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
13351,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to polish arrow shafts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13352,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Stalk tops dried, mashed, mixed with salmon eggs and eaten.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13353,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Decoction of stalks used as a wash for hair infested with vermin.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13507,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13508,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten raw.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13509,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,15,1,Food,,,Root stock bulbs cooked and eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
14783,1621,Fomes sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,50,4,Fiber,,,Used to draw pictures on.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"
14927,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,36,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used for a beverage.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
14928,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,36,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
14929,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
15085,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,40,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Bark used as a laxative.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
15225,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,45,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Infusion of bark taken for worms.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
15226,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,45,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
15227,1658,Fraxinus latifolia Benth.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,45,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
15465,1682,Galium aparine L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,46,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Infusion of plant used as a bath by women to be successful in love.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 46"
15466,1682,Galium aparine L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,46,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 46"
16088,1763,Goodyera oblongifolia Raf.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,26,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of plants taken as a tonic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
17540,1935,Hydrophyllum tenuipes Heller,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,45,1,Food,,,Roots broken and eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
21591,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,22,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated blossoms applied to the body for rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
21592,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,22,1,Food,,,"Blossoms cooked overnight and eaten no more than two or three at a time, otherwise one became sick.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
22020,2377,Mahonia sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,30,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of bark used as a wash for skin sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
22021,2377,Mahonia sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,30,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of bark used as a wash for mouth sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
22022,2377,Mahonia sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,30,5,Dye,,,Roots used to make a dye.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
22023,2377,Mahonia sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
22024,2377,Mahonia sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
22207,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruits cooked, stored in baskets until soft and used for food.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
22798,2444,Mentha sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,45,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken as a cold medicine.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
24210,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,37,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and eaten in the winter.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
24211,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
24237,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,42,1,Food,,,"Young, tender stems used for food.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"
24419,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,41,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of bark used as wash for rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
24420,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,41,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for colds.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
24421,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,41,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
25147,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,39,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Fresh juice from plant applied to sore eyes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
25148,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,39,1,Food,,,Leaves eaten fresh or cooked.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
26375,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,31,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31"
29030,3080,Polypodium virginianum L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,13,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of crushed stems taken for the measles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29099,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,13,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of stems used as a wash for sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29100,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,13,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves tied with maple bark and used for mattresses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
29101,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,13,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to line pits when baking camas or wapatoo.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
31260,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,19,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant taken as a cold medicine.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31261,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,19,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pitch applied to sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31262,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,19,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch chewed as a gum.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31263,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,19,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark used for firewood.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31264,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,19,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Cones placed near the fire and used as charms to bring sunshine.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31265,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,19,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make salmon spears and harpoons.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31517,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,14,1,Food,,,"Rhizomes roasted, peeled and the starchy centers eaten.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
31518,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,14,1,Food,,,Young plant tops eaten raw.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
32123,3265,Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
32124,3265,Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
32125,3265,Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,1,Food,,,Acorns buried in the mud for leaching and used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
32126,3265,Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as a fuel.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
32127,3265,Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,27,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
33474,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,32,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Burned stems rubbed on neck sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33475,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,32,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Green berries dried and stored for winter use.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33476,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Green berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
34042,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,34,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash to strengthen babies.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34043,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,34,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Decoction of leaves used as a wash to strengthen babies.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34598,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,35,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sun or fire dried and stored for winter use.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34599,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34787,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,34,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of dried leaves applied to burns.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34788,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34789,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,34,3,Other,106,Soap,Bark boiled and used for soap.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34959,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
34960,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,35,1,Food,,,Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35083,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,35,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35084,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35483,3495,Rumex sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,29,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of stalks used as an antiseptic wash for leg sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29"
35484,3495,Rumex sp.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,29,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of stalks used as an antiseptic wash for leg sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29"
35962,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,26,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make drills for fire drills.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
36860,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,47,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of leaves or bark applied to sore joints for the swelling.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47"
36861,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,47,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47"
39456,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of ground leaves applied to wounds.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39457,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39458,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Used to make drum frames.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39459,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,3,Other,17,Tools,Used to make wedges for splitting logs and digging sticks for roots and clams.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39955,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,19,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant tips and roots taken as a cold medicine.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
39956,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,19,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Buds chewed for toothaches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
39957,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,19,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Bark used to line cooking pits or cut in broad strips, plaited and used for dishes.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
40404,3965,Tolmiea menziesii (Pursh) Torr. & Gray,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,31,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of fresh leaves applied to boils.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31"
40586,3999,Trientalis borealis ssp. latifolia (Hook.) Hult‚n,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,45,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of plant juice used as an eyewash.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45"
40951,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,17,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Infusion of bark taken for hemorrhage.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
40952,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,17,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plants used as wash for skin sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
40953,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,17,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch used to prevent chapping.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
40954,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,17,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of plants used as wash for sore eyes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
40955,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,17,1,Food,86,Spice,Branch tips used to flavor cooking bear meat.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"
41209,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make light-weight baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41210,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for raincoats and capes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41211,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fruiting stalks made into mats and used for kneeling pads in canoes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41212,4049,Typha latifolia L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,21,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Fruiting stalks used to make mats for hangings, screens, mattresses and coverings.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
41763,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,28,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of nettles taken by women about to deliver a child.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
41764,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,28,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of sprouts applied or person whipped with stalk for paralysis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
42661,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of leaves applied for pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
42662,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,24,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"
43712,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,23,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used to decorate baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"