id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
365,11,Abronia latifolia Eschsch.,41,Clallam,99,f80,201,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201"
412,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Sap eaten dried.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
413,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,1,Food,,,Sap eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
478,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
479,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Sap eaten dried.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
480,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,1,Food,,,Sap eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
783,38,Achillea millefolium L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves used for colds.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
784,38,Achillea millefolium L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves used during childbirth.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
785,38,Achillea millefolium L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Seeds used as house fragrances.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
2118,141,Allium cernuum Roth,41,Clallam,99,f80,196,1,Food,,,"Bulbs eaten raw, cooked in pits or fried with meat.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196"
2486,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,41,Clallam,99,f80,198,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Staminate aments chewed and used for sores.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198"
2487,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,41,Clallam,99,f80,198,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Pistillate aments chewed and used for the stomach.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198"
2488,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,41,Clallam,99,f80,198,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Pistillate aments chewed and used for the lungs.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198"
2489,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,41,Clallam,99,f80,198,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap mixed with soapberry whip as a sweetener.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198"
2490,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,41,Clallam,99,f80,198,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used for dishes and utensils.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198"
2491,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,41,Clallam,99,f80,198,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198"
4555,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves pulverized and smoked before the introduction of tobacco and presently mixed with tobacco.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
7853,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,41,Clallam,99,f80,196,1,Food,,,Bulbs cooked in pits with meat.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196"
9267,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,41,Clallam,99,f80,201,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Puffs mixed with dog hair and used for weaving cloth.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201"
9268,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,41,Clallam,99,f80,201,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots boiled and used as a drink.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201"
12262,1246,Daucus pusillus Michx.,41,Clallam,99,f80,204,1,Food,,,Carrots eaten raw or cooked in pits.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 204"
12700,1338,Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy,41,Clallam,99,f80,194,1,Food,,,Rhizomes used for food.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 194"
13506,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,41,Clallam,99,f80,193,1,Food,,,Sprouts peeled and eaten raw or pit baked and eaten.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 193"
14834,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,41,Clallam,99,f80,202,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202"
14885,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,202,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202"
14983,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,41,Clallam,99,f80,202,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202"
15084,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,41,Clallam,99,f80,201,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of bark used for wounds.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201"
15626,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,200,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries mashed, dried in cakes, soaked, dipped in oil and eaten.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200"
15895,1735,Geum macrophyllum Willd.,41,Clallam,99,f80,202,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves used for boils.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202"
20262,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,41,Clallam,99,f80,196,1,Food,,,Bulbs steamed in pits and used for food.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196"
21590,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,41,Clallam,99,f80,196,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roots used for sores.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196"
21903,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,Sour berries used for food.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
22205,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,41,Clallam,99,f80,202,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit softened in baskets and eaten.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202"
24417,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Sticks peeled, cut into pieces, fastened to bass fishing line and used to attract fish.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
24418,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood made into fishing lures.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
29096,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,41,Clallam,99,f80,194,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Leaves used in a children's game.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 194"
29277,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Sap eaten dried.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
29278,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,1,Food,,,Sap eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
30338,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,41,Clallam,99,f80,202,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Bark fashioned into twine and used as fishing line.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202"
31148,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark and wood used for firewood.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
31149,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make spear and harpoon shafts.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
31444,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,41,Clallam,99,f80,194,1,Food,75,Staple,"Rhizomes roasted, pounded into a flour and eaten.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 194"
31445,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,41,Clallam,99,f80,194,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Fronds used to cover berry baskets and to wipe fish before hanging up to smoke.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 194"
33471,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,41,Clallam,99,f80,200,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200"
34786,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
34958,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
35059,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
36082,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,41,Clallam,99,f80,203,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark made into string.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
36501,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,41,Clallam,99,f80,198,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of bark used for diarrhea.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198"
37361,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,41,Clallam,99,f80,201,2,Drug,18,Other,Used to suck out the cause of an illness.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201"
37824,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,1,Food,171,Ice Cream,Berries whipped until foamy and eaten as 'Indian ice cream.',"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
39450,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39451,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make barbecue stakes.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39452,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows and arrows.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39453,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Needles mixed with tobacco and smoked.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
39454,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39947,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of small limbs used for tuberculosis.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39948,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basketry.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39949,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for coiled and imbricated baskets.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39950,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used for house planks, posts and roof boards.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39951,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used for canoes.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39952,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark used for clothing, sanitary napkins and towels.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39953,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Limbs used to make rope.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39954,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to pad cradles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
40947,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,"Bark boiled, added to licorice ferns and used for hemorrhages.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
40948,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark boiled and used to make a reddish-brown dye.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
40949,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Limbs cut, placed around rocks in tidal areas and used to gather ling cod eggs.","Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
40950,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Saplings used for fish trap stanchions.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
41203,4049,Typha latifolia L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
41204,4049,Typha latifolia L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make mats.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
41205,4049,Typha latifolia L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,1,Food,,,Fleshy interior eaten raw or pit cooked.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
42155,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,41,Clallam,99,f80,200,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries eaten dried.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200"
42156,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,41,Clallam,99,f80,200,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200"
42251,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,200,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200"
42309,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,41,Clallam,99,f80,200,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200"